CN107041222A - A kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method - Google Patents

A kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107041222A
CN107041222A CN201710181101.7A CN201710181101A CN107041222A CN 107041222 A CN107041222 A CN 107041222A CN 201710181101 A CN201710181101 A CN 201710181101A CN 107041222 A CN107041222 A CN 107041222A
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wheat
walnut
water
seed
soil
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Inventor
雷钧杰
李广阔
赛力汗·赛
张永强
薛丽华
高海峰
张宏芝
陈兴武
赵奇
张雯
周琰
高永红
龚鹏
李忠华
范贵强
王仙
王剑
周皓
张洋军
阿不都热合曼·马合苏提
梁玉超
翟德武
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INSTITUTE OF CEREAL CROPS XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF CEREAL CROPS XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Priority to CN201710181101.7A priority Critical patent/CN107041222A/en
Publication of CN107041222A publication Critical patent/CN107041222A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of walnut-configured between wheat integrated cultivation method, including walnut-wheat, walnut seeding row spacing uses 6m × 8m, walnut ventilation and penetrating light band furrow width 1.5m；Walnut in the ranks plants wheat, wheat sown scope 6m；Walnut Seed processing, wheat seed processing, walnut cultural method, wheat cultivating method.The present invention can realize walnut (best fruiting period) 200kg/666.7m in respective type area in the normal climate time2~250kg/666.7m2, winter wheat 300kg/666.7m2~350kg/666.7m2。

Description

A kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, more particularly to a kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method.
Background technology
Walnut is a kind of important oil-bearing fruit, and contained grease is generally 60%~75%, and protein is up to more than 15%, together When also containing the nutriment such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin, be both nutritious food, while also having relieving cough and reducing sputum, with the wind Enrich blood, warm intestines kidney tonifying the effects such as, be important Chinese medicine, its economic value is higher.Walnut production is greatly developed, to afforesting and beautifying Deserted mountain, increase oilseed plant raw material and medicinal raw material, increase farmers' income, significant and long-range prospect, while walnut Tree requires not tight to environmental condition, is especially suitable for the plantation of deserted mountain barren hill, is the preferable commodity trees conceded the land to forestry at present.Traditional Walnut cultivation permeability is poor, and root growth, lodging tolerance, surface water evaporation rate and the nocturnal temperature of crop are distributed and located In terms of walnut growth is unfavorable for, cause walnut yield relatively low, the shortcomings of product quality is poor, and be unfavorable for field management and Harvest.
Kaxgar Prefecture is as agriculture great Qu, and increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency are that pendulum is primary in face of Party committees at all levels and government Task, but conventional tillage mode is relied on, plant all kinds of crop synergy slow.Therefore, Xinjiang Autonomous Region party committee and the People's Government carry Increasing agricultural restructuring dynamics is gone out, has heightened the tuning structure of agricultural production, greatly developed animal husbandry, characteristic fruits and vegetables horticulture, arrive 2015, the high-quality woods fruit cultivated area in Xinjiang will reach 15,000,000 mu, and industry of planting forest or fruit tress reaches in per capita net income for farmers ratio 30%.Wherein, maximum " bright spot " is South Sinkiang " Xinjiang's Tarim Basin woods fruit band ", account for 12,000,000 mu；Kaxgar Prefecture Zheng Chu In the central area of this bright spot.So as to form large area, the fruit tree-crop interplanting agroforestry planting pattern in wide region.Also go out simultaneously Showed the upper various modes of production and deposit, reasonable utilization, the reasonable disposition optimization of the natural resources such as light, heat, water, gas, soil nutrient The problems such as cropping pattern and control technique.
In recent years, mainly to face building well lack of standardization for the traditional walnut tree planting in Xinjiang, and such as seeding row spacing is unreasonable, and nursery stock is neat The problems such as degree difference, walnut is caused to yield poorly, peasant is unable to increasing both production and income.
Each county of southern Tarim Basin and Margin of Southwest plains region (city) category temperate continental climate of Kaxgar Prefecture, photo-thermal Water and soil resources condition is richly endowed by nature.Sunshine time is 2800~3000 hours, and the sunshine time of 4~September crop growing season reaches 1560~1700 hours, account for the 56~60% of annual sunshine total hour；Annual 140~146 kilocalories/cm of total solar radiation2, 4~9 90~95 kilocalories/cm of moon global radiation2, account for the 64~68% of annual global radiation；210~230 days frost-free periods of year, average temperature of the whole year 11.7 DEG C, 4702 DEG C of year >=0 DEG C accumulated temperature, annual precipitation 40mm~70mm is concentrated mainly on 3~August, accounts for the 60 of annual precipitation ~70%；Average annual evaporation capacity is in 2000mm~2600mm；Day and night temperature is big, is suitable for each fruit trees, cereal crops and economic work The growth of thing.Existing nearly 6,000,000 mu of cultivated area, 2.5 mu per capita of rural area, 28,480,000 mu of grassplot；Standby cultivated land resource 8,000,000 Mu.5,760,000 mu of whole district's forest land area, afforestation rate 2.75%.Afforestation rate 8.4% wherein in oasis.There is size in the whole district 10, river, adheres to Yeerqiang River Valley and Kashgar river valley, the billion cubic meter of flow path surface 117, groundwater storage 50 separately Billion cubic meter, Yarkanthe River irrigated area is one of national five big irrigated areas.
The actual cultivated area of Kaxgar Prefecture winter wheat in 2012 is 327.82 ten thousand mu, wherein fruit (apricot, jujube, walnut etc.) agriculture (grain) intercropping plant area is 233.48 ten thousand mu, accounts for the 71.22% of winter wheat- sown areas, and winter wheat nonoculture area is 94.33 Ten thousand mu.The popularization of orchard worker's planting technology has played highly important effect to peasant's increasing both production and income.But due to Fruit tree-grain crop intercropping model In, fruit tree takes up an area 30% or so, reduces the cultivated area of cereal crops, causes the reduction of crop harvesting spike number；Fruit tree shade shadow Ring the normal growth and development of cereal crops so that grain number per spike, Ear weight reduction, cause crop failure；As the age of tree increases, to grain The influence of food crop will be more serious, and underproduction degree is increased.Because walnut tree planting is overstocked, cause walnut Empty grain rate more, produce Amount and quality decline.
In summary, the intercropping mode that current walnut cropping pattern can not be carried out rationally with wheat planting pattern, makes Walnut tree planting influences the normal growth and development of wheat crop, reduction wheat grains per spike and mass of 1000 kernel, causes crop failure；Influence Agricultural production efficiency, because walnut tree planting is overstocked, causes walnut Empty grain rate more, and yield and quality declines.
The content of the invention
To solve the defect of above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of walnut-wheat integration cultivation Method.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method, the walnut-wheat integration Cultural method includes：Configured between walnut-wheat, walnut seeding row spacing uses 6m × 8m, walnut ventilation and penetrating light band furrow width 1.5m；Walnut in the ranks plants wheat, wheat sown scope 6m.
Further, the walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method also includes：
Variety selection：One kind that walnut variety selection is pricked in 343, Xinfeng, new temperature 179, temperature 185, wheat breed selection The new winter No. 20；
Walnut nursery stock is selected, wheat seed processing：The selection of the walnut nursery stock includes：Select grafting affinity high, suitable Ying Xingqiang, propagation method are easy, and seed source extensive evening is real, and walnut is live does stock seedling；Cultivate seedling 2 years~3 years Afterwards, the kind needed for selection grafting production makees scion progress grafting, carries out big seedling cultivation 3 years to grafting, goes out garden and make within the 4th year Woods；The wheat seed processing includes：With 25% trazodone wettable powder by seed weight 0.15% dose seed dressing or Processing, which is coated, with the seed coat agent containing corresponding dose prevents and treats wheat rust, powdery mildew；With 40% Weicheng81 block suspending agent 200ml~300ml/100kg seeds are dressed seed or dressed seed with 3% difenoconazole suspending seed-dressing agent 200ml/100kg seeds Prevent and treat the common bunt of wheat and dwarf smut；It is anti-with the seed dressing of 12.5% Silthiopham suspending agent 200ml/100kg seeds Control take-all；
Walnut planting method：Carry out the selecting of soil, fertilizer and water management, tree body trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and prevention and control；
Wheat cultivating method：Carry out arable land site preparation；September sowing on 25~October 10；Sowing line-spacing is 10cm~12cm, Depth of planting 4cm~5cm；Period of seedling establishment is per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 50m3~60m3, 5d~7d uses machine before pouring water Tool trench digging row replacement urea 10kg/666.7m2~15kg/666.7m2；Jointing stage is per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 60m3~ 70m3, with reference to pouring water, per 666.7m2Spread fertilizer over the fields urea 30kg；Per 666.7m2Wheat net area pours pulp-water 80m3；Per 666.7m2It is small Wheat net area fills wheat yellow water amount 70m3~80m3。
Further, walnut cultural method is specifically included：
The selection of soil：Select sand loam soil or loam；Soil alkaline total content≤0.2%, pH value 7.0~8.0；Soil Layer depth is thick, and the content of organic matter is enriched；Below level of ground water 2.0m；
Fertilizing management：Basal dressing, based on farm manure, ditch spread is used before being fallen leaves in the fall after fruit harvesting, is thrown in tree crown Dig width 50cm, depth 50cm thorough cuts at shadow to apply, per 666.7m2Apply high-quality farm manure 3m3~5m3；With reference to basal dressing, apply simultaneously Use Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg/666.7m2~30kg/666.7m2；
Topdress, topdressed in budding period, 3 periods of young fruit expanding stage and fruit stone phase；Urea 10kg/ is applied in the budding period 666.7m2~20kg/666.7m2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/666.7m2~10kg/666.7m2；Young fruit expanding stage applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg/666.7m2~30kg/666.7m2；The fruit stone phase applies phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 20kg/666.7m2~30kg/666.7m2；
Pour water：Annual spring, which pours, pours water of surviving the winter before water of sprouting, frozen soil, whole year waters 4 times~5 times；
Tree body is trimmed：Tree body is trimmed to evacuation layering shape or natural open centre shape；Sparse branching is carried out during the best fruiting period and hero is dredged；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and prevention and control：Rot is prevented and treated and prevention and control；
Fruit harvesting：Pericarp is by blue-stain into yellow green, and harvesting during crack occurs in fruit top.
Further, in walnut cultural method, the application process topdressed is：Different azimuth or ventilation at crown mapping Digged pit in euphotic zone application, deep 20~30cm pours water immediately after fertilising.
Further, wheat cultivating method also includes broadcasting preceding preparation, specifically includes：
Base manure broadcasts preceding water with filling：
Apply the high-quality farm manure 2m that becomes thoroughly decomposed3/666.7m2~3m3/666.7m2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg/666.7m2Make base manure, Equably spread fertilizer over the fields before arable land, plough and bury；
Water, wheat net area irrigation quantity 70m before in mid-September, filling is broadcast in advance in vain3/666.7m2~80m3/666.7m2； Rotation of crops ground 10d or so before winter sowing pours water, wheat net area irrigation quantity 80m3/666.7m2；
Harvested in good time in wheat cured ripe latter stage.
Further, site preparation of being ploughed in the wheat cultivating method includes：
Tilling depth 18cm~20cm before broadcasting, makes soil be in defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower state to be broadcast；Soil plough horizon is aqueous before broadcasting Amount is not less than 17%, if less than 14% teeming water.
The present invention can realize walnut (best fruiting period) 200kg/666.7m in respective type area in the normal climate time2~ 250kg/666.7m2, winter wheat 300kg/666.7m2~350kg/666.7m2。
Present invention ensures that the standardization that orchard worker's Efficient cultivation technique is promoted, improves the efficient planting benefit of orchard worker, with peasant Increase income, resource reasonable duration utilizes and safeguarded that Oasis Ecological Environment is core, the key technology during fruit tree-crop interplanting field is produced is asked Topic as breach, from crop interplanting configuration, variety adoption, seed treatment, plough site preparation, sow, apply fertilizer, water, pest and disease damage it is anti- Start with terms of the supporting technology such as controlling, harvesting, screening is adapted to fruit tree-crop interplanting field structure, crop and the product of Kaxgar Prefecture large-scale planting Kind；Propose liquid manure Collaborative Management；The quality of agricultural product is improved, is enhanced one's market competitiveness, is met the demand in market, reach agriculture The purpose that industry increases production and improves productivity.Cultural method of the present invention makes walnut light transmission good, photosynthesis enhancing, plant is most being adapted to In the environment of grow, to reach high yield.Every per mu yield level of walnut can be effectively improved.Implement according to this standard, core Peach yield (best fruiting period) 200kg/666.7m2~250kg/666.7m2, winter wheat yields 300kg/666.7m2~350kg/ 666.7m2。
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is walnut provided in an embodiment of the present invention-wheat integrated cultivation method flow chart.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to Limit the present invention.
The application principle of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As described in Figure 1, the present invention is walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method that embodiment is provided, including：
S101:Configured between walnut-wheat, walnut seeding row spacing uses 6m × 8m, walnut ventilation and penetrating light band furrow width 1.5m；Walnut in the ranks plants wheat, wheat sown scope 6m.
S102：Variety selection：One kind that walnut variety selection is pricked in 343, Xinfeng, new temperature 179, temperature 185, wheat breed Select the new winter No. 20.
S103：Walnut nursery stock is selected, wheat seed processing.
S104：Walnut cultural method：Carry out the selecting of soil, fertilizer and water management, tree body trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and anti- Control；Wheat cultivating method：Carry out arable land site preparation；September sowing on 25~October 10；Sowing line-spacing is 10cm~12cm, sowing Depth 4cm~5cm；Period of seedling establishment is per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 50m3~60m3, 5d~7d is applied using machinery before pouring water Urea 10kg/666.7m2~15kg/666.7m2；Jointing stage is per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 60m3~70m3, with reference to filling Water, 666.7m2Spread fertilizer over the fields urea 30kg；Per 666.7m2Wheat net area pours pulp-water 80m3；Per 666.7m2Wheat net area wheat is yellow Water 70m3~80m3。
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
Configured between 1
Walnut seeding row spacing uses 6 × 8m, walnut ventilation and penetrating light band furrow width 1.5m.Walnut in the ranks plants wheat, small Wheat sown scope 6m.
2 yield levels
In the normal climate time, implement according to this standard, walnut (best fruiting period) 200kg/ can be realized in respective type area 666.7m2~250kg/666.7m2, winter wheat 300kg/666.7m2-350kg/666.7m2。
3 variety selections
343, Xinfeng, new temperature 179, temperature 185 etc. are pricked in walnut variety selection, and wheat breed selects the new winter No. 20.
4 walnut cultural technigues
The selection of 4.1 soil
Select sand loam soil or loam.Soil alkaline total content≤0.2%, pH value is between 7.0~8.0.Soil layer compared with Thickness, the content of organic matter is relatively enriched.Below level of ground water 2.0m.
4.2 fertilizer, water management technology
4.2.1 fertilising
Base manure：Based on farm manure, ditch spread is used before being fallen leaves in the fall after fruit harvesting, digs wide at crown mapping 50cm, depth 50cm thorough cuts are applied, per 666.7m2Apply high-quality farm manure 3m3~5m3.With reference to basal dressing, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate is administered simultaneously Ammonium 20kg/666.7m2~30kg/666.7m2。
Topdress：Budding period, 3 periods of young fruit expanding stage and fruit stone phase.
Urea 10kg/666.7m is applied in the budding period2~20kg/666.7m2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/666.7m2~10kg/ 666.7m2。
Young fruit expanding stage applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg/666.7m2~30kg/666.7m2。
The fruit stone phase applies phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 20kg/666.7m2~30kg/666.7m2。
Topdress application process：Digged pit in different azimuth or ventilation and penetrating light band at the crown mapping application, deep 20cm~ 30cm, pours water immediately after fertilising.
4.2.2 pour water
Annual spring, which pours, pours water of surviving the winter before water of sprouting, frozen soil, wheat fertilizing is combined therebetween and is watered, autumn is suitably controlled Water.Whole year pours 4~5 water.
4.3 tree bodies are trimmed
4.3.1 tree-like and structure
4.3.1.1 evacuation layering shape
There is central authorities leader to do, do high 150cm.2 layers of configuration of tree crown point, the 1st layer of 3 major branch, the 2nd layer of 2 major branch, interlamellar spacing 2~3 side shoots, horizontal range 50cm~60cm of the 1st side shoot away from trunk are selected and remain on 80cm~100cm, each major branch.
4.3.1.2 natural open centre shape
It is dry without central authorities leader, do high 150cm.Selected on three major branch natural open centre shapes, major branch spacing 15cm~20cm, each major branch Stay orderly side shoot small, straggly upper greatly, horizontal range 50cm~60cm of the 1st side shoot away from trunk under 2~3.
4.3.2 the trimming of trees in richful production period
Sparse branching:Low to setting percentage, growing weak interior thorax branch should remove.
Utilize the branch of excessive growth:When fruitful branch is withered or weak, its base portion kryptoblast germinating branch of excessive growth, warp can be promoted by heavy pruning Length is put or light pruning, cultivates new fruitful branch (group).
Secondary Branch processing:Cutting back is carried out to the Secondary Branch of tree crown periphery growth, promotees its sprouting side shoot and yields positive results, internal thorax The Secondary Branch of sprouting is removed.
Main, side shoot trimming:After early reality class walnut large result, main, side shoot angle slows down, and in decline trend, can apply back Contracting pruning technique promotes to sprout new buds, and raises crotch angle, progressive updating rejuvenation master, side shoot.
4.3.3 hero is dredged
Then and the plant of the 2nd year, all female, male flowers must all be removed for field planting；As a result peak period can remove eunuchs 3/4 or 2/ 3, to reduce nutrient consumption, it is ensured that Survival rate of nursery stock and expansion tree crown and promotion yield increase.
4.4 main diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated and prevention and control measure
The bark of rot main harm limb, causes bough withered or whole strain is dead.Prophylactico-therapeutic measures：(1) liquid manure is strengthened Management, strengthens tree body resistance, makes field ventilation and penetrating light, reduces the environmental factor of morbidity.(2) scab is found, is scraped in time with cutter Except scab to xylem, applied and controlled with 50 times of liquid of the agricultural chemicals such as tetramycin, healing spirit.
4.5 fruit harvesting
4.5.1 collecting time
Pericarp is by blue-stain into yellow green, and harvesting during crack occurs in fruit top.Benevolence is hardened, and rataria is ripe, in yellow-white. Different cultivars, collecting time differs, and general Kaxgar Prefecture is more in September early and middle ten dayses.
4.5.2 collecting method
It is general to be shot down with club using hitting down after method, i.e. fruit maturation.
5 wheat cultivation technical essentials
Meet DBN 6531/T 101-2003 requirements.
5.1 broadcast preceding preparation
5.1.1 base manure broadcasts preceding water with filling
Apply the high-quality farm manure 2m that becomes thoroughly decomposed3/666.7m2~3m3/666.7m2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg/666.7m2Make base manure, Equably spread fertilizer over the fields before arable land, plough and bury.
Water, wheat net area irrigation quantity 70m before in mid-September, filling is broadcast in advance in vain3/666.7m2~80m3/666.7m2； Rotation of crops ground 10d or so before winter sowing pours water, wheat net area irrigation quantity 80m3/666.7m2。
5.1.2 plough site preparation
Tilling depth 18cm~20cm before broadcasting, farmland quality reaches " deep, thin, saturating, foot " four word standards, and site preparation quality reaches " neat, flat, loose, broken, net, moisture in the soil " six word standard, makes soil be in the state to be broadcast of " defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower ".Soil plough horizon water content before broadcasting Typically it is not less than 17%, if wanting teeming water less than 14%.
5.2 date of seeding
General September 25~October 10 is suitable date of seeding.
5.3 amounts of broadcasting and line-spacing
The amount of broadcasting 16kg/666.7m2.Line-spacing is the line-spacings, depth of planting 4cm~5cm such as 10cm~12cm.
5.4 period of seedling establishments, which topdress, pours water
Irrigation period of topdressing flexibly is grasped depending on growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, soil moisture content, fertility state.Period of seedling establishment is per 666.7m2Wheat Net area irrigation quantity 50m3~60m3, 5d~7d applies urea 10kg/666.7m using machinery before pouring water2~15kg/666.7m2。
5.5 jointing stages, which topdressed, pours water
Per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 60m3~70m3, with reference to pouring water, per 666.7m2Spread fertilizer over the fields urea 30kg.
5.6 pour pulp-water
Per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 80m3。
5.7 wheat yellow waters
Per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 70m3~80m3。
5.8 harvest in good time
Mechanical harvest is carried out in wheat cured ripe latter stage in time.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method, it is characterised in that the walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method bag Include：Configured between walnut-wheat, walnut seeding row spacing uses 6m × 8m, walnut ventilation and penetrating light band furrow width 1.5m；Walnut In the ranks plant wheat, wheat sown scope 6m.
2. walnut as claimed in claim 1-wheat integrated cultivation method, it is characterised in that the walnut-wheat one Changing cultural method also includes：
Variety selection：One kind that walnut variety selection is pricked in 343, Xinfeng, new temperature 179, temperature 185, wheat breed selects the new winter No. 20；
Walnut nursery stock is selected, wheat seed processing：The selection of the walnut nursery stock includes：Select grafting affinity height, adaptability By force, propagation method is easy, and seed source extensive evening is real, and walnut is live does stock seedling；Seedling is cultivated after 2 years~3 years, Kind needed for selection grafting production makees scion and carries out grafting, and big seedling cultivation is carried out 3 years to grafting, goes out within the 4th year garden afforestation； The wheat seed processing includes：With 25% trazodone wettable powder by the 0.15% dose seed dressing of seed weight or with containing The seed coat agent for having corresponding dose is coated processing and prevents and treats wheat rust, powdery mildew；With 40% Weicheng81 block suspending agent 200ml/ 100kg~300ml/100kg seeds are dressed seed or dressed seed with 3% difenoconazole suspending seed-dressing agent 200ml/100kg seeds Prevent and treat the common bunt of wheat and dwarf smut；It is anti-with the seed dressing of 12.5% Silthiopham suspending agent 200ml/100kg seeds Control take-all；
Walnut cultural method：Carry out the selecting of soil, fertilizer and water management, tree body trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and prevention and control；
Wheat cultivating method：Carry out arable land site preparation；September sowing on 25~October 10；Sowing line-spacing is 10cm~12cm, sowing Depth 4cm~5cm；Period of seedling establishment is per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 50m3~60m3, 5d~7d is opened using machinery before pouring water Ditch row replacement urea 10kg/666.7m2~15kg/666.7m2；Jointing stage is per 666.7m2Wheat net area irrigation quantity 60m3~70m3, With reference to pouring water, per 666.7m2Spread fertilizer over the fields urea 30kg；Per 666.7m2Wheat net area pours pulp-water 80m3；Per 666.7m2Wheat is net Area fills wheat yellow water amount 70m3~80m3。
3. walnut as claimed in claim 2-wheat integrated cultivation method, it is characterised in that walnut cultural method is specific Including：
The selection of soil：Select sand loam soil or loam；Soil alkaline total content≤0.2%, pH value 7.0~8.0；Soil layer is deep Thickness, the content of organic matter is enriched；Below level of ground water 2.0m；
Fertilizing management：Basal dressing, based on farm manure, uses ditch spread, at crown mapping before being fallen leaves in the fall after fruit harvesting Dig width 50cm, depth 50cm thorough cuts to apply, per 666.7m2Apply high-quality farm manure 3m3~5m3；With reference to basal dressing, phosphorus is administered simultaneously Two ammonium 20kg/666.7m of acid2~30kg/666.7m2；
Topdress, topdressed in budding period, 3 periods of young fruit expanding stage and fruit stone phase；Urea 10kg/ is applied in the budding period 666.7m2~20kg/666.7m2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/666.7m2~10kg/666.7m2；Young fruit expanding stage applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg/666.7m2~30kg/666.7m2；The fruit stone phase applies phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 20kg/666.7m2~30kg/666.7m2；
Pour water：Annual spring, which pours, pours water of surviving the winter before water of sprouting, frozen soil, whole year waters 4 times~5 times；
Tree body is trimmed：Tree body is trimmed to evacuation layering shape or natural open centre shape；Sparse branching is carried out during the best fruiting period and hero is dredged；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and prevention and control：Rot is prevented and treated and prevention and control；
Fruit harvesting：Pericarp is by blue-stain into yellow green, and harvesting during crack occurs in fruit top.
4. walnut as claimed in claim 3-wheat integrated cultivation method, it is characterised in that in walnut cultural method, The application process topdressed is：Digged pit in different azimuth or ventilation and penetrating light band at the crown mapping application, deep 20cm~30cm is applied Poured water immediately after fertilizer.
5. walnut as claimed in claim 2-wheat integrated cultivation method, it is characterised in that wheat cultivating method also includes Preceding preparation is broadcast, is specifically included：
Base manure broadcasts preceding water with filling：
Apply the high-quality farm manure 2m that becomes thoroughly decomposed3/666.7m2~3m3/666.7m2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg/666.7m2Make base manure, in arable land It is preceding equably to spread fertilizer over the fields, plough and bury；
Water, wheat net area irrigation quantity 70m before in mid-September, filling is broadcast in advance in vain3/666.7m2~80m3/666.7m2；Rotation of crops ground 10d pours water before winter sowing, wheat net area irrigation quantity 80m3/666.7m2；
Harvested in good time in wheat cured ripe latter stage.
6. walnut as claimed in claim 2-wheat integrated cultivation method, it is characterised in that in the wheat cultivating method Arable land site preparation includes：
Tilling depth 18cm~20cm before broadcasting, makes soil be in defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower state to be broadcast；Broadcast preceding soil plough horizon water content not Less than 17%, if less than 14% teeming water.
CN201710181101.7A 2017-03-24 2017-03-24 A kind of walnut-wheat integrated cultivation method Pending CN107041222A (en)

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CN103518543A (en) * 2013-09-29 2014-01-22 河南恒盈懿丰农牧有限公司 Rapid breeding method for walnut improved varieties
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