CN110073919A - The black area Long Gangliangshu rain supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method - Google Patents

The black area Long Gangliangshu rain supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110073919A
CN110073919A CN201910411323.2A CN201910411323A CN110073919A CN 110073919 A CN110073919 A CN 110073919A CN 201910411323 A CN201910411323 A CN 201910411323A CN 110073919 A CN110073919 A CN 110073919A
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soil
moisture
fringe
wheat
narrow
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CN110073919B (en
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郑春莲
党红凯
曹彩云
马俊永
李科江
李晓爽
李伟
王广才
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Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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Dry Land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Agricultural Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The black area Long Gangliangshu rain supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method, belong to the technical field of wheat planting, including storing moisture in the soil, the no-tillage subsoiling in part visit dead furrow broadcast, middle and later periods management and suitable period harvest, the storage moisture in the soil are as follows: A, grouting mid-term, effective rainfall >=45mm, 3~5d after rainfall, to seep under Farmland Water, 0-20cm topsoil soils relative water content is reduced to 18%~28%；Or, B, into after mid-August, continuous 20 days, do not occur effective rainfall >=45mm process, carry out redundancy organ and wipe out work；Divide three periods: (1) September removed before 10 days: the 4th leaf whole blades below under removal fringe, the whole on fringe more than four leaves；Or, (2) remove for September 10-20 days: removing the whole blades below of the 4th leaf under fringe, wholes more than fringe Top-three Leaves；Or, (3) remove for September 20-30 days: removing the whole blades below of third leaf under fringe, the whole on fringe more than two leaves.The present invention enhances farmland water holding capacity and meets the needs of production of wheat later period is to moisture.

Description

The black area Long Gangliangshu rain supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of wheat planting, are related to the black area Long Gangliangshu rain and support wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging Collection rain rill broadcasts high-yield method.
Background technique
Winter wheat summer corn two crops a year are the main planting systems of HeiLonggang District grain-production.It is influenced by monsoon climate, Summer corn rain heat same season, normal year rainfall can meet the needs of corn is to moisture.
The black area Long Gangliangshu rain supports wheat wide-and narrow-row and visits the research that moisture in the soil collection rain rill broadcasts technology, will support plantation to the region rain Mode generates important meaning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention shreds mulching and returning combination ditch by redundancy organ optimum period and broadcasts technology and swag water irrigation technique, realizes High-efficiency water-saving implantation methods.
The present invention be realize its purpose the technical solution adopted is that:
The black area Long Gangliangshu rain, which supports wheat wide-and narrow-row and visits moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill, broadcasts high-yield method, including stores that moisture in the soil, part is no-tillage Subsoiling visit dead furrow broadcast, middle and later periods management and suitable period harvest, the storage moisture in the soil are as follows: A, grouting mid-term, an effective rainfall >=45mm, 3~5d after rainfall, to seep under Farmland Water, 0-20cm topsoil soils relative water content is reduced to 18%~28%, carries out Redundancy organ wipes out work；
Or, B, into after mid-August, continuous 20 days, do not occur effective rainfall >=45mm process, carry out redundancy organ and cut Except work；
The redundancy organ wipes out work and three periods is divided to carry out selection processing: (1) September removed before 10 days: removal fringe Descend the 4th leaf whole blades below, the whole (including blade, stalk and day fringe) on fringe more than four leaves；Or, (2) September 10 It removes within day-September 20 days: removing the whole blades below of the 4th leaf under fringe, wholes more than fringe Top-three Leaves；Or, (3) September 21 It removes within day-September 30 days: removing the whole blades below of third leaf under fringe, the whole on fringe more than two leaves；Redundancy organ is wiped out A point mode for segment cutting is taken to handle, 3~5cm of length after cutting.
The no-tillage subsoiling in part is visited dead furrow and is broadcast are as follows: sowing date for early sowing, ditched, applied fertilizer using no-tillage spy moisture in the soil lister depp-furrow drill, Earthing sowing, depth of planting 3cm~5cm, bottom of trench to ridge push up 20 centimetres, and according to soil moisture content, relative water content is done lower than 20% surface layer Mamoty goes out, and is attached to ridge back, and ridge is no-tillage under carrying on the back, and subsoiling is carried out in exposed wet moisture soil and is layered the operation that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, establishes bottom of trench To 20 centimetres of ridge heights of roofs, 22~28 centimetres of wide row, 10~12 centimetres of narrow row, cropping pattern of the average row away from 15~20 centimetres.
The no-tillage spy moisture in the soil lister depp-furrow drill be integrate stubble-cleaning, trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression no-tillage spy dead furrow broadcast Machine.
Subsoiling is layered the disposable bottom application of wheat fertilizer in the operation that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, later period not top dressing.
Wheat seed carries out Dressing with humic acid, with 50kg wheat using the ratio of humic acid 200g plus water 5kg It dresses seed, sowing is dried after mixing thoroughly.
Extreme drought model year is encountered, cannot after planting ensure emergence, is filled fastly with the rainwater that swag is accumulated, when irrigation, along ditch Fast stream, only spreads and sinks in soil in ditch wet；Later period meets arid, and breeding time fills fastly with swag water, is longitudinally supplied when irrigation between ridge Water is laterally irrigate along ridge irrigation, prevents the high water blocking in ridge.
Middle and later periods management and suitable period harvest include: prevention and treatment native emperor, cricket, small brown rice planthopper after emergence, prevent and treat wealthy wild weeds and standing grain Undergraduate course weeds；Pesticide-clay mixture is mixed in boot stage Isofenphos methyl or chlopyrifos granule to spread fertilizer over the fields, and sprays worm in full heading time Agent；Fungicide is sprayed before wheat flowering；In Wheat in Grain Filling Stage, hot-dry wind tolerance preparation is sprayed.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, redundancy organ covering farm land can reduce invalid evaporation, and enhancing farmland water holding capacity meets the production pair of wheat later period The demand of moisture.And water is needed to second stubble crop, positive guarantee is provided.And then reduce the utilization of groundwater mining and external water source Amount.
2, ridge back is no-tillage, and soil layer is strong, is conducive to soil moisture conservation.Limited water and fertilizer are focused on into the most desirable position of crop, water Fertilizer coupling, improves efficiency.
3, average row improves land utilization ratio away from reducing 10 centimetres or so, it is ensured that group, individual development space, to mention High mu mature spike number provides advantage to form the big big grain of fringe.
4, kind of a skin water absorbing capacity can be improved in humic acid seed dressing, accelerates its physiological activity, promotes young root growth.
5, swag accumulates rainwater, encounters Dry year, is filled fastly with the rainwater that swag is accumulated, and flows fastly along ditch, will be in ditch Soil is spread and sunk in wet；Later period meets arid, and key developmental stages can also be filled fastly with swag water, reduces irrigation quantity, small water fills fastly can both drop Low Extreme drought underproduction caused by wheat loss, but avoidable water is excessive, causes saline and alkaline biochemistry.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
(1) moisture in the soil technology is stored
It is in the milk mid-term (by the end of August at the beginning of September), A, grouting mid-term, an effective rainfall >=45mm, 3~5d after rainfall, To seep under Farmland Water, 0-20cm topsoil soils relative water content is reduced to 18%~28%, carries out redundancy organ and wipes out work Make；
Or, B, into after mid-August, continuous 20 days, do not occur effective rainfall >=45mm process, carry out redundancy organ and cut Except work；
Redundancy organ, which wipes out work and is divided into 3 kinds of situations, carries out selection processing: (1) September removed before 10 days: the under removal fringe Four leaves whole blades below, the whole more than four leaves on fringe；Or, 10 days-September 20th (2) September removed: the 4th under removal fringe Leaf whole blades below, wholes more than fringe Top-three Leaves；Or, (3) September 21 days-September 30th remove: third leaf under removal fringe Whole blade below, the whole more than two leaves on fringe.Divide segment cutting, is not comminuted cutting, comminuted cutting, redundancy Organ is easy to rot, to lose the effect of soil moisture conservation.
(2) the no-tillage subsoiling in part visits dead furrow and broadcasts technology
Sowing date for early sowing.Using stubble-cleaning, trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppresses the no-tillage spy moisture in the soil lister depp-furrow drill being integrated and carry out deep open Ditch, deep fertilizer spraying, the sowing of shallow earthing, depth of planting 3cm~5cm, bottom of trench to ridge pushes up 20 centimetres, according to soil moisture content, by surface layer dry soil spade Out, it is attached to ridge back, ridge is no-tillage under carrying on the back.Subsoiling is carried out in exposed wet moisture soil is layered the operation that applies fertilizer to the subsoil.Surface layer dry ground layer is got over Thickness, wheat line-spacing is narrower, most narrow to cannot be below 10cm, prevents fertilizer burn seedlings (fertilizer and seed spacing cannot be less than 5cm).Together When ditch in collect rain, liquid manure is concentrated.Under water deficit conditions, regulating and controlling effect of the fertilizer to yield, reference table 1.
Ditch is deeper, and ridging is lower, and wide row is wider, to guarantee bottom of trench to 20 centimetres of ridge heights of roofs.22~28 centimetres of wide row, 10~12 centimetres of narrow row, cropping pattern of the average row away from 15~20 centimetres.
The disposable bottom application of wheat fertilizer, later period not top dressing.
The selection of wheat breed:
It selects prominent resisting drought saving water characteristic, natural resource utilizing rate height, planted with a variety of resistance, suitable nonirrigated farmland Water-saving kind；Select the precocious Drought resistant Wheat kind by country or Hebei province crop varietal approval committee.
Dressing seed
It can be dressed seed with humic acid, add water 5kg seed dressing 50kg wheat with humic acid 200g.Sowing is dried after mixing thoroughly.It can be improved Kind skin water absorbing capacity, accelerates its physiological activity, promotes young root growth.Reinforce seed pelleting, keypoint control base rot disease, total eclipse The virosis such as disease.The control method of base rot disease, dress seed suitable Mai Dan, next year turn green after stand up before spray again it is primary.
No-tillage indention, group is sufficient, and individual is healthy and strong.Relative to traditional planting technology, which is that ditch inscribe soil is broadcast Kind, ridge back is no-tillage, and soil layer is strong, is conducive to soil moisture conservation；Average row improves land utilization ratio, really away from reducing 10 centimetres or so simultaneously Group, individual development space are protected, to improve mu mature spike number, 3.5 ten thousand fringes/mus more than conventional Precision Seeding technology (control) Cheng Sui, fringe grain Number increases 2~3/fringe, and mass of 1000 kernel increases by 1~2g, provides advantage to form the big big grain of fringe.
(3) keep a full stand of seedings fast irrigation technology
Extreme drought model year is encountered, cannot after planting ensure emergence, can be filled fastly with the rainwater that swag is accumulated.It is suitable when irrigation Ditch flows fastly, only soil in ditch is spread and sunk in wet.Using this technology, irrigation quantity 25m3/ mu can play the work of uniformly wet soil layer With, and conventional Precision Seeding technology (control), irrigation quantity are less than 50 m3/ mu can not be realized and uniformly be poured water.Compared with the control, can subtract Few irrigation quantity 1/2.
Later period such as arid, key developmental stages can also be filled fastly with swag water, play the role of moisturizing.Imperial port black simultaneously Area shallow brackish water buried depth 6-10m, swag water storage salt content are higher than deep fresh water, and small water fills fastly can also prevent secondary salt Stain.
(4) field planting management
(1) attention control soil emperor, cricket, small brown rice planthopper after emerging.Prevent and treat the wealthy wild gramineae weeds such as weeds and bromegrass.
(2) winter forbids wheatland to herd.
(3) spring disease pest and weed integrated control: on the basis of normally prevention and treatment disease pest and weed, should also reinforce to suction pulp worm With the prevention and treatment of head blight.Pesticide-clay mixture is mixed in boot stage Isofenphos methyl or chlopyrifos granule to spread fertilizer over the fields, and is sprayed in full heading time Insecticide sweeps residual prevention and treatment；The generation of the bactericidal agent for preventing and treating head blight such as olefin conversion or carbendazim is sprayed before wheat flowering.
(4) wheatland later period anti-hot dry wind technology: in Wheat in Grain Filling Stage, hot-dry wind tolerance preparation is sprayed, delaying senility promotes Grouting mitigates hot dry wind harm.
(5) it is harvested as early as possible in wheat wax ripeness latter stage.
Table 1
Note: 0N0P refers to applying pure N fertilizer 0kg, P per acre2O50kg；
12N8P refers to applying pure N fertilizer 12kg, P per acre2O58kg；
24N16P refers to applying pure N fertilizer 24kg, P per acre2O516kg；
36N24P refers to applying pure N fertilizer 36kg, P per acre2O524kg；
48N32P refers to applying pure N fertilizer 48kg, P per acre2O5 32kg。
Wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill is supported using rain in the Jing County village Jia Lv and broadcasts high-yield method kind in October, 2016 200 mu of wheat are planted, sowing kind weighing apparatus 4399, is control with conventional seed planting.The next spring -4 month to date rainfalls in 2 months are insufficient There is damage caused by a drought in 39mm, wheatland, and the 35m that pours water per acre is irrigated in the swag water storage collected using rainwater and shallow brackish water3, will Full field is wet in ditch.And a part of field is compareed using crop field flood irrigation, irrigation quantity 55m3；Another part control uses quantifying irrigation, Pour water 35m3, it as a result compares the wheatland that field only has 2/3 and irrigates, and another 1/3 wheatland is in dry shape because total Water is insufficient State.Using wheatland of the invention when harvesting, 450kg/ mus of yield, topsoil soils salt content 0.29% after harvest；Irrigation quantity 55m3Wheatland, 500kg/ mus of yield, topsoil soils salt content 0.31% after harvest, be higher than the method for the present invention；It is quantitative to fill It irrigates, pour water 35m3Wheatland, 380kg/ mus of yield.As it can be seen that the small water of brackish water is irrigated using the present invention, and it is water-saving, reduce soil The biochemical probability of salinity time.

Claims (7)

1. the black area Long Gangliangshu rain supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method, including stores moisture in the soil, local no-tillage depth Pine visit dead furrow broadcast, middle and later periods management and suitable period harvest, which is characterized in that the storage moisture in the soil are as follows: A, grouting mid-term, an effective rainfall >=45mm, 3~5d after rainfall, to be seeped under Farmland Water, 0-20cm topsoil soils relative water content is reduced to 18%~ 28%, carry out redundancy organ and wipes out work；
Or, B, into after mid-August, continuous 20 days, do not occur effective rainfall >=45mm process, carry out redundancy organ and wipe out work Make；
The redundancy organ wipes out work point three periods and carries out selection processing: (1) September removed before 10 days: the under removal fringe Four leaves whole blades below, the whole more than four leaves on fringe；Or, (2) September 10 days-September 20th remove: the 4th under removal fringe Leaf whole blades below, wholes more than fringe Top-three Leaves；Or, (3) September 21 days-September 30th remove: third leaf under removal fringe Whole blade below, the whole more than two leaves on fringe；Redundancy organ, which is wiped out, takes a point mode for segment cutting to handle, after cutting 3~5cm of length.
2. the black area Long Gangliangshu rain according to claim 1 supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method, It is characterized in that, the no-tillage subsoiling in part is visited dead furrow and is broadcast are as follows: sowing date for early sowing is ditched using no-tillage spy moisture in the soil lister depp-furrow drill, applied Fertilizer, earthing sowing, depth of planting 3cm~5cm, bottom of trench to ridge push up 20 centimetres, and relative water content is shoveled out lower than 20% surface layer dry ground, It is attached to ridge back, ridge is no-tillage under carrying on the back, and subsoiling is carried out in exposed wet moisture soil and is layered the operation that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, bottom of trench is established and rises to ridge 20 centimetres of degree, 22~28 centimetres of wide row, 10~12 centimetres of narrow row, cropping pattern of the average row away from 15~20 centimetres.
3. the black area Long Gangliangshu rain according to claim 2 supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method, It is characterized in that, the no-tillage spy moisture in the soil lister depp-furrow drill be integrate stubble-cleaning, trench digging, fertilising, sowing, suppression no-tillage spy dead furrow Broadcast machine.
4. the black area Long Gangliangshu rain according to claim 2 supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method, The disposable bottom application of wheat fertilizer in operation, later period not top dressing it is characterized in that, subsoiling layering applies fertilizer to the subsoil.
5. the black area Long Gangliangshu rain according to claim 1 supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method, It is characterized in that, wheat seed carries out Dressing with humic acid, with 50kg wheat using the ratio of humic acid 200g plus water 5kg Example is dressed seed, and sowing is dried after mixing thoroughly.
6. the black area Long Gangliangshu rain according to claim 1 supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method, It is characterized in that, encountering extreme drought model year, emergence cannot be after planting ensured, filled fastly with the rainwater that swag is accumulated, it is suitable when irrigation Ditch flows fastly, only soil in ditch is spread and sunk in wet；Later period meets arid, and breeding time fills fastly with swag water, is longitudinally supplied when irrigation between ridge Water is laterally irrigate along ridge irrigation.
7. the black area Long Gangliangshu rain according to claim 1 supports wheat wide-and narrow-row spy moisture in the soil ridging collection rain rill and broadcasts high-yield method, It is characterized in that, middle and later periods management and suitable period harvest include: to prevent and treat native emperor, cricket, small brown rice planthopper after emergence, prevent and treat wealthy wild weeds and Gramineae weed；Pesticide-clay mixture is mixed in boot stage Isofenphos methyl or chlopyrifos granule to spread fertilizer over the fields, and sprays worm in full heading time Agent；Fungicide is sprayed before wheat flowering；In Wheat in Grain Filling Stage, hot-dry wind tolerance preparation is sprayed.
CN201910411323.2A 2019-05-17 2019-05-17 Wide-narrow row soil moisture detection, ridging, rain collection and furrow sowing high-yield method for rain-cultured wheat in double cropping area of Heilonggang Active CN110073919B (en)

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