CN104541836A

CN104541836A - Method for cultivating tea trees in cold highland areas

Info

Publication number: CN104541836A
Application number: CN201410283951.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 葛志友
Original assignee: Huoshan Mingyuan Tea Thoroughbred Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huoshan Mingyuan Tea Thoroughbred Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2014-06-24
Filing date: 2014-06-24
Publication date: 2015-04-29

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating tea trees in cold highland areas. The method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a nursery land, (2) leveling the nursery land, (3) cultivating tea tree seedlings; (4) watering and spraying pesticides; (5) fertilizing tree leaves; (6) covering the tea tree seedlings with a film; and (7) managing the tea trees during the seedling period. According to the method for cultivating tea trees in cold highland areas provided in the invention, the survival rate of tea tree seedlings is greatly increased during the cultivation, as high as 95% in cold highland areas, and therefore the survival rate of tea trees is greatly increased, and the quality of tea trees is also improved.

Description

The breeding method of a kind of high and cold mountain area tea tree

Technical field

The invention belongs to tea tree planting field, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of high and cold mountain area tea tree.

Background technology

Tea tree, tea tree likes warm and moist weather, and during mean temperature of air more than 10 DEG C, bud starts to sprout, and growth optimum temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C; Annual precipitation will more than 1000 millimeters; The resistance to the moon of happiness light, is suitable for giving birth under diffused light; All one's life is divided into Seedling Stage, brephic, manhood and the ceremonial dress for royalty old phase.The age of tree can reach 100 or two hundred years, but economic age is generally 40 ~ 50 years.High mountainous tea is famousr and precious, nutritious, but in high and cold mountain area, tea tree is poor growth often, and not easily survives.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the breeding method of a kind of high and cold mountain area tea tree, improve survival rate and the growth rate of high and cold mountain area tea tree.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A breeding method for high and cold mountain area tea tree, make to cultivate with the following method: the selection of (1), nursery lot, select to have abundant water resources, P in soil H is in the field of 4.5-6.5; (2), the arrangement of nursery lot, deep ploughed in soil, cultivating the degree of depth is 15-50cm, soil is made into tea furrow, the wide 1-1.2m of tea furrow, tea furrow more than height 15cm, tea furrow spacing 35-50cm, be beneficial to draining, use base fertilizer before doing tea furrow, fertilizer is tealeaves special fertilizer, and fertilizing amount is 150-200kg/ mu, and then spilling thin loess on tea furrow upper berth, loess thickness is 1-6cm; (3), tea shoot plants, and chooses short fringe, and choose the short fringe with intact leaves and a full axillalry bud, trickle makes its moisturizing, and then inserted in tea furrow by nursery stock and plant, planting line-spacing is 7-10cm, and strain gathers 1.5-3cm; (4), water spray medicine, waters after planting, and fixing root, then sprays foliage fungicide; (5), spray foliage fertilizer, after having sprayed bactericide, spray foliage fertilizer; (6), overlay film, at tea furrow top covered with sunshade film; (7), seedling management, a, diligent to check, prevent strong wind from blowing the thing that shades off; B, want running check nursery soil moisture and film humidity, if film is without the globule morning, tea shoot just must water, and moisturizing is the key of inserting in the spring; C, under the prerequisite keeping humidity 70%, within 7-10 days, ventilate once, temperature in the shed controls at 15-35 DEG C, to promote the early healing of the short fringe of cuttage, early to take root; D, when spring temperature reaches more than 25 DEG C, when reaching 41 DEG C in film, connect out two ends ventilation and heat, open in the morning, and two covers by evening, and after the continuous week, be selected in the cloudy day throws off film, then covers sunshade net and prevents tea shoot from burning.

Foliage fungicide in described step (4) is thiophanate methyl or the zineb of 1:800.

Foliage fertilizer described in described step (5) is phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: the method for cultivation high and cold mountain area provided by the invention tea tree improves survival rate when tea tree is cultivated, and make the survival rate of high and cold mountain area tea tree to 95%, substantially increase tea tree survival rate, and the quality of tea tree is also improved.

Embodiment

A breeding method for high and cold mountain area tea tree, comprises the following steps, and (1), nursery lot are selected, and should be advisable with loam to seedbed, pH value, between 4.5-6.5, has a good transport service, and has abundant water resources, and plot is smooth, and ground interblock has the drop of more than 50cm, is convenient to irrigation and drainage.Appropriately whether cuttage nursery lot is selected, to the root of hair of cuttage seeding and growth effect very big.Cuttage nursery lot requires that management is meticulous, irrigation of particularly will often watering, so, be elected to be the soil in nursery, this condition must be met.Because all will carry out regular irrigation whole seedling stage in cuttage, preferably can carry out gravity irrigation, to reduce recruitment of watering, but the water vent of nursery lot must facilitate, and requires to reach to fill with just to fill with, and arrange just row.

Secondly, the quality of soil will be loosened, well-formed, and water retention capacity is strong, and soil property is fertile, and is slightly acidic, such soil, and the growth of tea shoot just can be got well.In addition, cuttage nursery will often manage, and the nursery stock cultivated also will transport in time, and note having a good transport service, nursery lot will be selected in the place of comparing wind sheltering.Using draining, paddy field is the most applicable as nursery lot easily, selects that to irrigate nonirrigated farmland easily also passable.

(2), the arrangement of nursery lot, before doing seedbed, land plan and arrangement be carried out, comprise plough, smooth, the road and repair irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches of clearing the way.Turning over of nursery lot, generally carries out at twice.First time is deep ploughing comprehensively, and the degree of depth, at 25 1 30 centimetres, is turned in the winter time; Second time is carried out before doing seedbed, and the degree of depth is 15 1 20 centimetres, soil block will be smashed when turning over.Then according to landform, carry out field design, comprise the layout in irrigation and drainage ditch, water collecting sump, road, seedbed, and the path of smooth necessity, the surrounding of every block nursery lot will set up irrigation and drainage ditch usually.The arrangement in seedbed, the direction in seedbed, generally with north-south as well, makes full use of illumination, can alleviate freeze injury like this, and long 10 1 20 meters of tea furrow are suitable for, the wide 1 one 1.2 meters of appropriateness of tea furrow, wide easy ponding, not easily cuttage, and operation inconvenience, narrow land utilization rate is not high.Tea furrow are high depends on physical features and soil condition, and general tea furrow are high more than 15 centimetres, and tea furrow ditch bottom width 35 1 50 centimetres, in order to draining.To apply fertilizer to the subsoil before making tea furrow, be advisable with cake fertilizer, generally complete before the 1-2 month, every mu of usage amount 150 1 200 kilograms, also can with the barnyard manure become thoroughly decomposed or compost, usage amount should increase about 10 times.

(3), the new soil of paving, also title cuttage soil, the immature soil.The acid thin loess of new soil application, the table soil with grass roots is pushed aside and takes off face soil, this soil structure is relatively good, and air capacity of soils that the soil is porous is good, do not harden after watering, mild acidity, germ is few, and fertility is high, weeds are few, and cuttings wound easily heals, and there will not be mildew and rot, root of hair is fast.The soil taken out to be smashed in advance or by the sieve of aperture 1 cm, be then laid on tea furrow, thickness 5 one 6 centimetres.Complete new soil, bed surface will be suppressed, and suitably beats with flat wooden stick, makes bed surface smooth, makes topsoil compare tight knot, so that cuttings is touched with new soil, and is fixed in soil, on bed surface professional jargon, direction should be that tea furrow cross direction is consistent.

(4), choose short fringe, choose the short fringe with intact leaves and a full axillalry bud, trickle makes its moisturizing, and then inserted in tea furrow by nursery stock and plant, planting line-spacing is 7-10cm, and strain gathers 1.5-3cm;

(5), water spray medicine, and water in time after inserting, disposablely water sufficient normal root water, requirement fine liquid particles is sprayed, and waters even irrigating after water on blade is dry, carry out spray medicine immediately, with foliage fungicide such as 1:800 thiophanate methyl or zineb, disinfect as blade face.

(6), spray foliage fertilizer, after spray medicine, after blade is dry, spray the foliage fertilizer based on P, K in time, utilize P to promote root growth, K can strengthen tea shoot resistance, promotes that skewer fringe more suits, as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, once, continuous 3-4 time, concentration is less than 0.5% to two weeks.

(7), overlay film shades, and curve bamboo bow with bamboo chip, two is directly inserted in the tea furrow ditch in seedbed deeply, shed heights of roofs 50 centimetres, two interarch distance 70 1 80 ㎝, then direct on bow member cover film and sunshade net, with soil block compacting.

(8), seedling management, one is diligent inspection, prevents strong wind from blowing the thing that shades off, and the phenomenon such as canopy, the plague of rats that collapses; Two is want running check nursery soil moisture and film humidity, if film is without the globule morning, tea shoot just must water, and moisturizing is the key of inserting in the spring; Three is under the prerequisite keeping humidity 70%, and within 7-10 days, ventilate once, temperature in the shed controls at 15-35 DEG C, to promote the early healing of the short fringe of cuttage, early to take root; Four is reach more than 25 DEG C when spring temperature, and when reaching 41 DEG C in film, connect out two ends ventilation and heat, open in the morning, and two covers by evening, and after the continuous week, be selected in the cloudy day throws off film, then covers sunshade net and prevents tea shoot from burning.

Take off the management that film is later: one will carry out and removes weeds and protects seedling, accomplish except little, except early, except clean; Two will spray foliage fertilizer (4-May), often use and spray for main lobe leaven with P, K, impel blade face to the absorption of phosphorus potassium, promote root growth, build up resistance.After taking root June, water and execute instant composite fertilizer, concentration is 0.5%, carries out mid-term (late June) imposing urea and composite fertilizer's mixture again, quantity respectively accounts for 50%, concentration 0.5% one 1%, the later stage (late June) imposes urea, and concentration controls 1%, continuous 3 times, each 10 ㎏, utilize N, P, K element to grow different mechanism to tea shoot, promote the short fringe Rapid Rooting of cuttage and overground part growth; Three will carry out extermination of disease and insect pest work in autumn, to ensure the normal growth of tea shoot.

Claims

1. a breeding method for high and cold mountain area tea tree, is characterized in that, makes to cultivate with the following method: the selection of (1), nursery lot, selects to have abundant water resources, and P in soil H is in the field of 4.5-6.5; (2), the arrangement of nursery lot, deep ploughed in soil, cultivating the degree of depth is 15-50cm, soil is made into tea furrow, the wide 1-1.2m of tea furrow, tea furrow more than height 15cm, tea furrow spacing 35-50cm, be beneficial to draining, use base fertilizer before doing tea furrow, fertilizer is tealeaves special fertilizer, and fertilizing amount is 150-200kg/ mu, and then spilling thin loess on tea furrow upper berth, loess thickness is 1-6cm; (3), tea shoot plants, and chooses short fringe, and choose the short fringe with intact leaves and a full axillalry bud, trickle makes its moisturizing, and then inserted in tea furrow by nursery stock and plant, planting line-spacing is 7-10cm, and strain gathers 1.5-3cm; (4), water spray medicine, waters after planting, and fixing root, then sprays foliage fungicide; (5), spray foliage fertilizer, after having sprayed bactericide, spray foliage fertilizer; (6), overlay film, at tea furrow top covered with sunshade film; (7), seedling management, a, diligent to check, prevent strong wind from blowing the thing that shades off; B, want running check nursery soil moisture and film humidity, if film is without the globule morning, tea shoot just must water, and moisturizing is the key of inserting in the spring; C, under the prerequisite keeping humidity 70%, within 7-10 days, ventilate once, temperature in the shed controls at 15-35 DEG C, to promote the early healing of the short fringe of cuttage, early to take root; D, when spring temperature reaches more than 25 DEG C, when reaching 41 DEG C in film, connect out two ends ventilation and heat, open in the morning, and two covers by evening, and after the continuous week, be selected in the cloudy day throws off film, then covers sunshade net and prevents tea shoot from burning.

2. the breeding method of a kind of high and cold mountain area according to claim 1 tea tree, is characterized in that, the foliage fungicide in described step (4) is thiophanate methyl or the zineb of 1:800.

3. the breeding method of a kind of high and cold mountain area according to claim 1 tea tree, is characterized in that, the foliage fertilizer described in described step (5) is phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.