CN102972184A - Cultivation method of early sweet potatoes - Google Patents

Cultivation method of early sweet potatoes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102972184A
CN102972184A CN 201210518131 CN201210518131A CN102972184A CN 102972184 A CN102972184 A CN 102972184A CN 201210518131 CN201210518131 CN 201210518131 CN 201210518131 A CN201210518131 A CN 201210518131A CN 102972184 A CN102972184 A CN 102972184A
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Prior art keywords
potato
liquid
soil
centimetres
cave
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彭方田
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HENGSHAN COUNTY ZHONGFU SWEET POTATO CULTIVATION SPECIALIZED COOPERATIVES
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HENGSHAN COUNTY ZHONGFU SWEET POTATO CULTIVATION SPECIALIZED COOPERATIVES
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Priority to CN 201210518131 priority Critical patent/CN102972184A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of early sweet potatoes. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) soil selection; (2) potato seed preparation; (3) seedling growth; (4) transplantation; (5) management of lands for growing field crops; and (6) harvesting. The early sweet potatoes cultivated through the cultivation method arecan appeared on the market 60 days prior toearlier than common sweet potatoes, and the net profit of 6000-8000yuan can be obtained per mu.

Description

A kind of morning sweet potato cultivation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of crops, particularly a kind of morning sweet potato cultivation method.
Background technology
Sweet potato is happiness sunlight, be afraid of sombre, water funk waterlogging, more drought-enduring root piece class cereal crops, and the potato rattan is liked to take root, excessive growth, stirs as untimely, and only long potato seedling is not tied sweet potato, affects output.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide for the existing problem of sweet potato cultivation method the cultivation method of a kind of morning of sweet potato.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of morning sweet potato cultivation method, specifically comprise the steps:
1) soil is selected
Selecting pH value is that sand loam soil or loamy soil soil in 6.0-6.5 scopes is planted, but the soil of planting sweet potato morning upper one year is abandoned;
2) the potato kind prepares
As propagating materials, should select that anosis worm is caused harm, individual fresh light tone, smooth surface reserve seed for planting without deformity, moderate sweet potato piece morning of Tuber Size with stem tuber; Must cut bulk during early sweet potato potato stripping and slicing, every weight between 80-120 grams, 150-200 kilograms of every mu of sowing quantities; Be stained with the anticorrosion diseases prevention of ash or lime after the potato seed stripping and slicing, put shady and cool place and can form the potato kind behind the dry mouth to be cut in 1-2 days;
3) grow seedlings
Grow seedlings since the first tenday period of a month in February, under the condition of booth or hut protection, carry out; The seedbed of booth or hut protection will be chosen in the leeward place that faces south; The front elder generation of growing seedlings digs a dark heatable adobe sleeping platform of 60 centimetres on the ground, and the size of heatable adobe sleeping platform is decided according to potato seed; In heatable adobe sleeping platform, fill up first the straw that soaks, and then the top dry rice straw that covers a thin sheet of again of the straw that soaks, then at the moistening sand of thin layer dry rice straw upper berth one deck, then in the moistening sand row of this layer step 2) the potato kind of preparation, after sequencing the potato kind, live the potato kind with the layer of fine sand earth mulch, then cover one deck straw at this layer fine sand soil at last; Build with straw and to take that arch forms booth with plastic sheeting for farm use or hut is grown seedlings after the potato kind; Behind the existing bud in seedbed, remove last layer straw; Such as fine day, when temperature of shed is higher than 35 when spending, suitably take off film and ventilate, burn seedling to prevent high temperature; The seedbed will be noted keeping moistening in the seedling raising process, must suitably water when dry, gets at last the potato seedling;
4) transplant
The middle ten days and the last ten days in March, carry out field-transplanting when spending by 12 when daily mean temperature is stable; Before the transplanting, turned in the land for growing field crops first, before turning in the land for growing field crops, 1500 kilograms of 1000 kilograms of Chicken dungs or pig manures are executed in every mu of land for growing field crops, plough deeply and plough 30 centimetres, the whole thin rear high ridge that rises of raking, 100 centimetres of ridge face widths, furrow is wide 30 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres of furrow accomplishes that the ditch ditch communicates, and irrigation and drainage are unobstructed;
During transplanting first on the ridge limit, two back gauge ridges 20 centimeters beat the cave with 6 centimetres of hole-making machines of bore by 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, it is dark to beat 40 centimetres in cave, beats about 2000 in cave for every mu; Every cave is perpendicular buries one of 30-35 centimeter length, 10 centimetres of thick straw bundle; Whenever the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30-40 that spreads manuer in holes gram covers one deck fine earth on compound potassium sulfate fertilizer after the fertilising, one deck mocromembrane that then tiles can be transplanted; Every cave plants a strain potato seedling, and the potato kind will be leaned on the limit, cave during transplanting, and seedling bud direction in the cave guarantee that the potato kind can grow in burying the cave of putting straw bundle, otherwise the potato kind easily forms deformity; Take little arch covering with plastic film after the transplanting; It is aeration-cooling in time to open the mulch film two ends when meeting fine high temperature, prevents that high temperature from burning seedling;
5) field management
A, weeding
The land for growing field crops field weeding once gets final product, generally before transplanting 1-3 days or potato rattan added after, every mu with gold all your preemergence herbicide 4 bags add 400 milliliters of paraquats and be watered 60 kilograms and spray in native face and carry out weeding in the ranks; Can play preferably herbicidal effect.
B, rich water quality management
Topdress: when the potato rattan long to 3 meters after, can utilize behind the rain every mu to spread fertilizer over the fields urea 3-4 kilogram in land for growing field crops soil face, every mu of potato piece expanding stage with 0.5 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to water 60 kilograms of sprayings do top dressing;
Guan Shui: when antecedent soil moisture, pour water in the dusk, and want disposable filling saturating, behind water infiltration soil, in time drain water, accomplish to remain ground moistening;
C, smear side position branch: take off the film side position branch of erasing after added, all will erase from any side position branch that overground part begins in 1 meter height;
D, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Early the sweet potato Common Diseases mainly contains: anthracnose, brown spot, stem rot, fusarium wilt, virus disease; Wherein anthracnose is with 1500 times of liquid of 25% Shi Baoke missible oil, or 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder, or 700 times of liquid of 70% tpn wetting powder prevent and treat, and each medication interval 7-10 days, prevents and treats 2-3 time continuously, continuously rainy day increase spraying times; Brown spot adds 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 75% tpn wetting powder control with 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder; The stem rot their early stage is with 400 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 600 times of liquid sprayings of 75% tpn wetting powder; Fusarium wilt is prevented and treated 3-4 time with 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder; The virus disease their early stage sprays 500 times of liquid controls of viral A wetting powder of 300 times of liquid of 20% Moroxydine Hydrochloride wetting powder or 20%;
Common insect mainly contains: cutworm, mole cricket, chafer, termite, two spotted spider mite, prodenia litura; For cutworm, mole cricket, chafer, 1.5 kilograms of trichlorphon original powders of every mu of usefulness are mixed fine earth and are spread fertilizer over the fields during whole ground; Prodenia litura adds the wide or rice of health with 5% first dimension salt and rises spraying and prevent and treat; Two spotted spider mite prevents and treats with the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of young urea and acetamiprid of going out; Control termites is with 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 48% chlopyrifos;
6) gather
To early July, when stem tuber length to 500 gram is above, can begin to gather by the end of June.
Owing to adopted technique scheme, sweet potato listing morning of cultivation method plantation of the present invention is done sth. in advance 60 days than general sweet potato, and every mu can have a net gain 6000-8000 yuan.
Embodiment
The below describes the present invention in detail as an example of Heng Shan, Hunan Province sweet potato morning example.
1, soil is selected
Heng Shan early sweet potato is not too strict to the soil requirement, but, smooth surface neat with the sweet potato stem tuber of sandy soil and loamy soil production, and output is high, quality better; And the sweet potato output that clay is produced is lower, and rat is rough, and exterior of commodity is relatively poor, and quality is on the low side.Therefore to be chosen in as far as possible the plantation of sandy soil or loamy soil.Continuous cropping is avoided in Heng Shan early sweet potato, happiness faintly acid soil, and the soil that suits in pH value 6.0-6.5 scopes is grown.
2, potato seed is selected
Heng Shan early sweet potato with stem tuber as propagating materials, should select that anosis worm is caused harm, individual fresh light tone, smooth surface reserve seed for planting without lopsided, the moderate potato piece of Tuber Size.Must cut bulk during the potato seed stripping and slicing, be advisable 150-200 kilograms of sowing quantities of mu with 80-120 grams for every.Be stained with the anticorrosion diseases prevention of ash or lime after the potato seed stripping and slicing, put shady and cool place and can sow behind the dry mouth to be cut in 1-2 days.
3, in good time early sowing, scaffolding is grown seedlings
Grow seedlings since the first tenday period of a month in February, under booth or hut protection ground condition, carry out.The seedbed will be chosen in the leeward place that faces south, and digs on the ground first a dark heatable adobe sleeping platform of 60 centimetres, and size is decided according to potato seed, fill up the straw that soaks in the hole, the above covers a thin sheet of dry rice straw again, the moistening sand in its upper berth, arrange again the potato kind, live the potato kind with the layer of fine sand earth mulch, cover again one deck straw.Take arch after building kind and build canopy with plastic sheeting for farm use.Behind the existing bud in seedbed, remove last layer straw, such as fine day, when temperature of shed is higher than 35 when spending, suitably taking off film ventilates, and burns seedling to prevent high temperature.The seedbed will be noted keeping moistening, must suitably water when dry.
4, deep ploughing ridging, heavy dressing base manure
Before turning in the land for growing field crops, execute 1500 kilograms of 1000 kilograms of Chicken dungs or pig manures for every mu, plough deeply and plough 30 centimetres, rake and wholely play high ridge after thin, 100 centimetres of ridge face widths, furrow is wide 30 centimetres, and dark 30 centimetres of furrow accomplishes that the ditch ditch communicates, and irrigation and drainage are unobstructed.
5, transplant rational close planting in good time
The middle ten days and the last ten days in March, carry out field-transplanting when spending by 12 when daily mean temperature is stable, before transplanting first on the ridge limit, two back gauge ridges 20 centimeters beat the cave with 6 centimetres of hole-making machines of bore by 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, it is dark to beat 40 centimetres in cave, beat about 2000 in cave for every mu, perpendicular 30-35 centimeter length of burying in every cave, (straw can be reserved enough spaces for the growth of potato piece after rotting to 10 centimetres of one of thick straw bundles, in order to the naturally evenly growth of potato piece, improve the commodity value of product, nutrient is provided simultaneously, promote the growth of potato piece), execute 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, 30-40 grams (every mu about 60-80 kilograms), the above covers one deck fine earth, and one deck mocromembrane that then tiles can be transplanted.Every cave plants a strain potato seedling, and the potato kind will be leaned on the limit, cave during transplanting, and seedling bud direction in the cave guarantee that the potato piece can grow in burying the cave of putting straw, otherwise the potato piece easily forms deformity.Take little arch covering with plastic film after the transplanting.It is aeration-cooling in time to open the mulch film two ends when meeting fine high temperature, prevents that high temperature from burning seedling.
6, field management
Early the sweet potato field management is mainly done a good job of it weeding, is smeared the key technologies such as branch, rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest.
1), weeding
The land for growing field crops field weeding once gets final product, generally before transplanting 1-3 days or potato rattan added after, every mu with gold all your preemergence herbicide 4 bags add 400 milliliters of paraquats and be watered 60 kilograms and spray in native face and, can play preferably herbicidal effect in the ranks.
2), rich water quality management
Topdress.When the potato rattan long to 3 meters after, can utilize behind the rain every mu to spread fertilizer over the fields urea 3-4 kilogram in native face, every mu of potato piece expanding stage with 0.5 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to water 60 kilograms of sprayings do top dressing.
Guan Shui.The field accumulated water easily causes disease, and the rainy day will in time be dredged the ditch ditch between fields, discharges ponding.The stem tuber expanding stage, drought and water shortage easily causes the blackening of potato stem tuber point, has a strong impact on stem tuber and expands growth, even cause the growth of potato piece lopsided, therefore, when antecedent soil moisture, need in pouring water at dusk, and want disposable filling saturating, behind water infiltration soil, in time drain water, accomplish to remain ground moistening, expand in order to stem tuber.As not filling with permeable, just topsoil fills with wet, and is still dry in the soil layer, and potato piece growth retardation can cause the serious consequence of the underproduction reduction of income.
3), smear side position branch.
Take off the film side position branch of erasing after added, all will erase from any side position branch that overground part begins in 1 meter height.
4), the extermination of disease and insect pest
Early the sweet potato Common Diseases mainly contains: anthracnose, brown spot, stem rot, fusarium wilt, virus disease etc.Anthracnose is with 1500 times of liquid of 25% Shi Baoke missible oil, or 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder, or 700 times of liquid of 70% tpn wetting powder prevent and treat, and each medication interval 7-10 days, prevents and treats 2-3 time continuously, continuously rainy day increase spraying times; Brown spot adds 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 75% tpn wetting powder control with 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder; The stem rot their early stage is with 400 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 600 times of liquid sprayings of 75% tpn wetting powder; Fusarium wilt is prevented and treated 3-4 time with 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder; The virus disease their early stage sprays 500 times of liquid controls of viral A wetting powder of 300 times of liquid of 20% Moroxydine Hydrochloride wetting powder or 20%.
Common insect mainly contains: soil insect (cutworm, mole cricket, chafer, termite), two spotted spider mite, prodenia litura etc.
Soil insect (cutworm, mole cricket, chafer), 1.5 kilograms of trichlorphon original powders of every mu of usefulness are mixed fine earth and are spread fertilizer over the fields during whole ground; Prodenia litura adds the wide or rice of health with 5% first dimension salt and rises spraying and prevent and treat; Two spotted spider mite prevents and treats with the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of young urea and acetamiprid of going out; Control termites is with 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 48% chlopyrifos.
7, in time gather
To early July, when stem tuber length to 500 gram is above, can begin to gather by the end of June.High such as current market price, can disposablely gather, undesirable such as market price, can postpone and gathering, allow the stem tuber continued growth.

Claims (1)

1. the cultivation method of sweet potato early is characterized in that, specifically comprises the steps:
1) soil is selected
Selecting pH value is that sand loam soil or loamy soil soil in 6.0-6.5 scopes is planted, but the soil of planting sweet potato morning upper one year is abandoned;
2) the potato kind prepares
As propagating materials, should select that anosis worm is caused harm, individual fresh light tone, smooth surface reserve seed for planting without deformity, moderate sweet potato piece morning of Tuber Size with stem tuber; Must cut bulk during early sweet potato potato stripping and slicing, every weight between 80-120 grams, 150-200 kilograms of every mu of sowing quantities; Be stained with the anticorrosion diseases prevention of ash or lime after the potato seed stripping and slicing, put shady and cool place and can form the potato kind behind the dry mouth to be cut in 1-2 days;
3) grow seedlings
Grow seedlings since the first tenday period of a month in February, under the condition of booth or hut protection, carry out; The seedbed of booth or hut protection will be chosen in the leeward place that faces south; The front elder generation of growing seedlings digs a dark heatable adobe sleeping platform of 60 centimetres on the ground, and the size of heatable adobe sleeping platform is decided according to potato seed; In heatable adobe sleeping platform, fill up first the straw that soaks, and then the top dry rice straw that covers a thin sheet of again of the straw that soaks, then at the moistening sand of thin layer dry rice straw upper berth one deck, then in the moistening sand row of this layer step 2) the potato kind of preparation, after sequencing the potato kind, live the potato kind with the layer of fine sand earth mulch, then cover one deck straw at this layer fine sand soil at last; Build with straw and to take that arch forms booth with plastic sheeting for farm use or hut is grown seedlings after the potato kind; Behind the existing bud in seedbed, remove last layer straw; Such as fine day, when temperature of shed is higher than 35 when spending, suitably take off film and ventilate, burn seedling to prevent high temperature; The seedbed will be noted keeping moistening in the seedling raising process, must suitably water when dry, gets at last the potato seedling;
4) transplant
The middle ten days and the last ten days in March, carry out field-transplanting when spending by 12 when daily mean temperature is stable; Before the transplanting, turned in the land for growing field crops first, before turning in the land for growing field crops, 1500 kilograms of 1000 kilograms of Chicken dungs or pig manures are executed in every mu of land for growing field crops, plough deeply and plough 30 centimetres, the whole thin rear high ridge that rises of raking, 100 centimetres of ridge face widths, furrow is wide 30 centimetres, dark 30 centimetres of furrow accomplishes that the ditch ditch communicates, and irrigation and drainage are unobstructed;
During transplanting first on the ridge limit, two back gauge ridges 20 centimeters beat the cave with 6 centimetres of hole-making machines of bore by 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, it is dark to beat 40 centimetres in cave, beats about 2000 in cave for every mu; Every cave is perpendicular buries one of 30-35 centimeter length, 10 centimetres of thick straw bundle; Whenever the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 30-40 that spreads manuer in holes gram covers one deck fine earth on compound potassium sulfate fertilizer after the fertilising, one deck mocromembrane that then tiles can be transplanted; Every cave plants a strain potato seedling, and the potato kind will be leaned on the limit, cave during transplanting, and seedling bud direction in the cave guarantee that the potato kind can grow in burying the cave of putting straw bundle, otherwise the potato kind easily forms deformity; Take little arch covering with plastic film after the transplanting; It is aeration-cooling in time to open the mulch film two ends when meeting fine high temperature, prevents that high temperature from burning seedling;
5) field management
A, weeding
The land for growing field crops field weeding once gets final product, generally before transplanting 1-3 days or potato rattan added after, every mu with gold all your preemergence herbicide 4 bags add 400 milliliters of paraquats and be watered 60 kilograms and spray in native face and carry out weeding in the ranks; Can play preferably herbicidal effect.
B, rich water quality management
Topdress: when the potato rattan long to 3 meters after, can utilize behind the rain every mu to spread fertilizer over the fields urea 3-4 kilogram in land for growing field crops soil face, every mu of potato piece expanding stage with 0.5 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to water 60 kilograms of sprayings do top dressing;
Guan Shui: when antecedent soil moisture, pour water in the dusk, and want disposable filling saturating, behind water infiltration soil, in time drain water, accomplish to remain ground moistening;
C, smear side position branch: take off the film side position branch of erasing after added, all will erase from any side position branch that overground part begins in 1 meter height;
D, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Early the sweet potato Common Diseases mainly contains: anthracnose, brown spot, stem rot, fusarium wilt, virus disease; Wherein anthracnose is with 1500 times of liquid of 25% Shi Baoke missible oil, or 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder, or 700 times of liquid of 70% tpn wetting powder prevent and treat, and each medication interval 7-10 days, prevents and treats 2-3 time continuously, continuously rainy day increase spraying times; Brown spot adds 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 75% tpn wetting powder control with 1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder; The stem rot their early stage is with 400 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 600 times of liquid sprayings of 75% tpn wetting powder; Fusarium wilt is prevented and treated 3-4 time with 500 times of liquid of 50% mancozeb wettable powder; The virus disease their early stage sprays 500 times of liquid controls of viral A wetting powder of 300 times of liquid of 20% Moroxydine Hydrochloride wetting powder or 20%;
Common insect mainly contains: cutworm, mole cricket, chafer, termite, two spotted spider mite, prodenia litura; For cutworm, mole cricket, chafer, 1.5 kilograms of trichlorphon original powders of every mu of usefulness are mixed fine earth and are spread fertilizer over the fields during whole ground; Prodenia litura adds the wide or rice of health with 5% first dimension salt and rises spraying and prevent and treat; Two spotted spider mite prevents and treats with the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of young urea and acetamiprid of going out; Control termites is with 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 48% chlopyrifos;
6) gather
To early July, when stem tuber length to 500 gram is above, can begin to gather by the end of June.
CN 201210518131 2012-12-06 2012-12-06 Cultivation method of early sweet potatoes Pending CN102972184A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103283457A (en) * 2013-05-31 2013-09-11 云南农业大学 Drought-resisting batata seedling culture method
CN103703991A (en) * 2013-12-28 2014-04-09 青岛农业大学 Method for cultivating fresh-eaten type sweet potatoes with high quality and high yield
CN104641835A (en) * 2013-11-19 2015-05-27 重庆市南川区南双科技有限公司 Cultivation method for purple sweet potato
CN105940894A (en) * 2016-04-25 2016-09-21 贵州省印江县依仁食品有限公司 Sweet potato cultivation method
CN107182753A (en) * 2017-06-27 2017-09-22 柳州市兆丰养殖场 A kind of breeding method of succulent
CN107455136A (en) * 2017-09-18 2017-12-12 湖南城头山红薯食品科技有限公司 A kind of efficiently high yield cultivation method of sweet potato
CN107736380A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-02-27 郑州师范学院 A kind of composition for Virus Diseases of Sweet Potato preventing and treating
CN107950333A (en) * 2017-12-13 2018-04-24 绵阳市吉富精密机械有限公司 A kind of implantation methods for being conducive to sweet potato efficient growth
CN109937825A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-06-28 衡阳市蔬菜研究所 A kind of sole potato extremely early mature High-quality Cultivation method
CN110741897A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-04 湖南衡岳中药饮片有限公司 Planting method of early white potatoes

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103283457A (en) * 2013-05-31 2013-09-11 云南农业大学 Drought-resisting batata seedling culture method
CN104641835A (en) * 2013-11-19 2015-05-27 重庆市南川区南双科技有限公司 Cultivation method for purple sweet potato
CN103703991A (en) * 2013-12-28 2014-04-09 青岛农业大学 Method for cultivating fresh-eaten type sweet potatoes with high quality and high yield
CN105940894A (en) * 2016-04-25 2016-09-21 贵州省印江县依仁食品有限公司 Sweet potato cultivation method
CN107182753A (en) * 2017-06-27 2017-09-22 柳州市兆丰养殖场 A kind of breeding method of succulent
CN107455136A (en) * 2017-09-18 2017-12-12 湖南城头山红薯食品科技有限公司 A kind of efficiently high yield cultivation method of sweet potato
CN107736380A (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-02-27 郑州师范学院 A kind of composition for Virus Diseases of Sweet Potato preventing and treating
CN107736380B (en) * 2017-11-10 2020-07-31 郑州师范学院 Composition for preventing and treating sweet potato virus diseases
CN107950333A (en) * 2017-12-13 2018-04-24 绵阳市吉富精密机械有限公司 A kind of implantation methods for being conducive to sweet potato efficient growth
CN109937825A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-06-28 衡阳市蔬菜研究所 A kind of sole potato extremely early mature High-quality Cultivation method
CN110741897A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-04 湖南衡岳中药饮片有限公司 Planting method of early white potatoes

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Application publication date: 20130320