CN110115128A - A kind of method that mountainous region mango opens terraced site preparation - Google Patents
A kind of method that mountainous region mango opens terraced site preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110115128A CN110115128A CN201910412781.8A CN201910412781A CN110115128A CN 110115128 A CN110115128 A CN 110115128A CN 201910412781 A CN201910412781 A CN 201910412781A CN 110115128 A CN110115128 A CN 110115128A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, especially a kind of mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced method of soil preparation, first carries out transforming slope into terrace, tread width 3.5m-4.5m to arid hillside field contour, the gutter that width has 30-40cm, depth 20-30cm is dug in tread inward slant 5-10 degree, tread inside；Then one wide 5-6m axial transport road is excavated every 200-250m along slope surface length, then in transport routes upper and lower, builds pavement along tread middle；Finally planted in the default hole of tread.Method provided by the invention converts arable land for the biggish arid hillside field of the gradient for being not suitable for agricultural production by transforming slope into terrace, and is capable of the effect of water and soil conservation；And the Facilities Construction and fixed point of road dig a pit, hole, etc. and can be convenient small-sized machine operation, save management cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, especially a kind of method that mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced site preparation.
Background technique
(Mangifera indica L.) You Cheng Mango, bored fruit etc. are Anacardiaceae (Anacardiaceae) mango to mango
Belong to the tropical and subtropical zone perennial evergreen standard fruit-tree of (Mangifera).Mango tree body is tall and big, well established and vigorously developing, tree-like beauty, flower
Fruit is peculiar；Fruit colour is bright-coloured, and meat is fine and smooth, and juice multi-flavor sweet tea is full of nutrition, gives off a strong fragrance, and unique flavor enjoys " tropical water
The good reputation of the king of fruit ", is loved by consumers.Mango likes warm, illumination, has not only needed soil moisture but also avoided atmospheric moisture to spend
Greatly.
Mango production in China's, which is cultivated, has 500 years history, is mainly distributed on Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, Guangxi, expensive
State.Guizhou belongs to sub- temperature monsoon climate, is suitble to Growth of Mango；But mango large-scale planting technology starting evening；And landforms
Based on the mountainous region of plateau, arid hillside field is in the majority, and the gradient is big, this causes mango to need to consume a large amount of labor in management and picking process
Power substantially increases the planting cost of mango, mango industry development lag.In addition, arviculture is greater than 15 in the gradient
It can accelerate soil erosion when the hillside fields of degree, cause serious ecological environment.Therefore, the efficient, ecological of mountainous region mango how is realized
Plantation, becomes the industry of shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity of the Guizhou Province Warm Areas population below the poverty line, being that present Guizhou mango planting industry is urgently to be solved asks
Topic.Currently, existing a small number of researchs in terms of mountain planting industry；Such as the file that number of patent application is CN201310030528.9
Disclose it is a kind of suitable for mountainous region every slope ridge between fields method of soil preparation, in two neighboring width 2m, the field of 1~1.2m of depth of soil preparation
Between face, retain the hillside of one section of original state, in slope surface excavate width 1.5m, depth 1m groove, then use slope surface surface soil or
Soil moved in improve the original is mixed into the thick decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer backfill of 10cm, and the hillside original state slope surface that 2m width is retained among two grooves does outer ridge,
The field face of build is in the terraced fields of low small counter-slope state in outer height, and the ridge that high 30cm is built in terraced fields outer retains moisture and field face diameter
Stream, entire field face longitudinally keep 3 ‰~5 ‰ ratio to drop facing one direction along contour.For another example number of patent application is
CN201310208152.6 discloses a kind of width terraced fields mixing slope surface preparations for afforestation method, firstly, being pushed away with bull-dozer in hillside fields
Wide terraced fields out build fillet terraced fields, and gradually using terraced fields height 2-3m as standard when terraced fields height is more than 2-3m, build
Wide terraced fields or fillet terraced fields then build flash bank on terraced fields outer edge, and hand compaction forms the dash side of 50 × 50cm
Bank；Finally, planting economic tree or crops in terraced fields, completes width terraced fields and mix slope surface preparations for afforestation process.This two
Patent solves water storage and the water and soil main points of cultivation of mountain planting crops, but and the efficient picking of crops is not implemented and transports
Problem, the effect in terms of mango plantation require study.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Guizhou Mountain Mango Fruit Gardens to open
Terraced method of soil preparation, solves that difficult Guizhou low-heat river valley area arid hillside field mango Cultivate administration, long potential difference, harvesting difficulty be big, water and soil stream
The problems such as serious is lost, is realized particular by following technical scheme:
A kind of mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced method of soil preparation, after arid hillside field is carried out transforming slope into terrace along contour, builds axial transport
Road and pavement.Tread width is too small to be unfavorable for mechanically actuated, excessive waste soil.
Preferably, the width of the axial transport road is 5-6m, is to excavate one every 200-250m along slope surface length.
Preferably, the pavement is the upper and lower built in axial transport road, and the tread middle along terraced fields is built
If.
Preferably, the transforming slope into terrace, width 3.5-4.5m, tread inward slant 5-10 degree, width is dug in tread inside 30-
The gutter of 40cm, depth 20-30cm.Tread slopes inwardly, and is conducive to rainy season draining；Gutter prevents ponding convenient for draining.
Preferably, the mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced method of soil preparation, specifically includes following procedure:
(1) hillside fields selects: the selection gradient is greater than 15 degree, the arid hillside field less than 30 degree；
(2) Garden Planning: by slope surface planning transport routes, pavement and planting density when orchard establishment；
(3) transforming slope into terrace, tread width 3.5m-4.5m, in tread transforming slope into terrace: are carried out to slope surface from the bottom up along contour
The gutter that width has 30-40cm, depth 20-30cm is dug in side, is divided into 1m or so between upper and lower tread；
(4) transport road construction: one wide 5-6m axial transport road is excavated every 200-250m along slope surface length；
(5) pavement is built: in transport routes upper and lower, building pavement along tread middle.
(6) it digs field planting hole: digging field planting hole in the tread of terraced fields.
Preferably, the pavement, step wide 0.5-0.6m, high 0.3-0.4m, long 1-1.5m.
Preferably, the area of the orchard establishment is 50-100 mus.Cultivated area is excessive to be unfavorable for managing, too small to be unfavorable for basis
Facilities Construction.
Preferably, the step (6), be away from tread outer edge 0.5m dig 70 × 70 × 70cm field planting hole, hole with
Spacing between hole is 4m × 4m.The surface soil of excavation and filling when away from the soil at tread outer edge 0.5m being mostly transforming slope into terrace is loosened the soil, soil layer compared with
Pine, organic matter is relatively abundant, is conducive to mango growth.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the arid hillside field for being not suitable for farming is transformed into cultivated Mango Fruit Garden, enriches poverty-stricken area cultivated land resource,
Mountainous region characteristic high-efficiency agriculture industry can be developed；
2, transforming slope into terrace is carried out when to arid hillside field Mango Fruit Garden orchard establishment, and establishes transport channel and pavement；It is improved
Orchard infrastructure is sound, and labor management is convenient, can also carry out gadget operation, save labour cost；
3, mango is planted on the improved ladder of arid hillside field, the position soil layer of plantation is more loose, and organic matter is abundant, is conducive to
Fruit tree growth；The outer high interior ground of tread, planting fruit trees position soft soil is not only suitable for root growth, but also is conducive to solid soil, prevents harnessing the river
Soil flow is lost.
The present invention efficiently solve difficult Guizhou low-heat river valley area arid hillside field mango Cultivate administration, long potential difference, harvesting difficulty it is big,
The problems such as severe water and soil erosion, the development for Guizhou Mountain mango industry provide feasible technical solution, are conducive to mango expensive
The plantation extensively of state area.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that 30 degree of xeroclines plan that massif excavates schematic diagram；1 refers to mango sapling planting location；2 refer at earthwork stacking；3 refer to
Size, groove shape when excavation.
The structural schematic diagram on pavement when Fig. 2 is 30 degree of xerocline planning.
The unit mm of the size marked in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment
It is limited below with reference to specific embodiment technical solution of the present invention is further, but claimed
Range is not only limited to made description.
Embodiment 1
(1) hillside fields selects: selecting the gradient of arid hillside field is 30 degree, and slope surface length is about 300m；
(2) Garden Planning: the orchard region that area is 50-100 mus is divided into entire slope surface, among bottom of slope to slope
An axial transport road is planned at 200m, plans pavement in haul road upper and lower, planting density is planned to 4 × 5m；
(3) transforming slope into terrace: as shown in Fig. 1, arid hillside field carry out transforming slope into terrace when contour direction carry out, using Miniature digging machine from
Under be up transformed；First distance will be measured away from operation is started at face toe 2.8m in the distance of slope amount area 6m
Landfill is in lower section after the earthwork of slope top 3.2m long is dug, and such as the position of 2 instructions in attached drawing 1, and by soil compaction, is formed outer high
Interior low, inward slant 5-10 degree tread；Then the gutter of width 30-40cm, depth 20-30cm are dug on the inside of tread；After transformation
Tread width is about 4.4m, between upper and lower tread between be divided into 1m or so；
(4) transport road construction: the axial transport road of the place 200m digging 6m wide among the bottom of slope to slope；
(5) pavement is built: in transport routes upper and lower, along the pavement of tread middle construction, as shown in Fig. 2,
The wide 0.6m of step, high about 0.35m, long 1.2m；The adjacent vertical spacing of step is 0.1m；
(6) it digs field planting hole: away from the field planting hole for digging 70 × 70 × 70cm at tread outer edge 50cm, cultivating mango sapling, such as
Position indicated by 1 in attached drawing 1；The distance between same hole of tread two is 4m, and neighbouring tread is in same vertical direction
Horizontal distance between two plantation holes is about 5.2m, chamfer distance 6m, as shown in Fig. 1；Integrally formed plantation density
For 4m × 5.2m.
Decomposed manure (base fertilizer) is applied in the good field planting hole of above-mentioned digging, transplanting 2 years raw mango saplings of transplanting.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is directly to determine by 4m × 5.2m the difference from embodiment 1 is that not to arid hillside field progress transforming slope into terrace
Density in planting is digged pit plantation.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 the difference from embodiment 1 is that carrying out transforming slope into terrace to arid hillside field after directly dig pit field planting in tread, do not have
Trim transport routes and pavement.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is the difference from embodiment 1 is that the tread width after arid hillside field progress transforming slope into terrace is 3m.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is the difference from embodiment 1 is that being the central location digging field planting hole of tread at tread 2.2m.
Comparative example 5
A kind of width terraced fields mixing slope surface preparations for afforestation method disclosed in file application No. is CN201310208152.6:
Firstly, releasing wide terraced fields 1 in hillside fields with bull-dozer, when terraced fields height is more than 3m, fillet terraced fields 2 are built, and
The case where according to the hillside fields gradient, gradually builds wide terraced fields 1 or fillet terraced fields 2 according to the standard of terraced fields height 2-3m, thus shape
At a wide terraced fields 1 and a fillet terraced fields 2 or the mixing terraced fields at wide terraced fields 1 and multiple fillet terraced fields 2 interval,
Wherein, the width of fillet terraced fields 2 is 3-4m, meanwhile, keep the field of the wide terraced fields 1 built or fillet terraced fields 2 towards tilted
3-5；Then, flash 3 is built on terraced fields outer edge, hand compaction forms the dash side bank of 50 × 50cm；Finally, in terraced fields
Field planting hole is dug by the spacing of 4m in same field face, after applying decomposed manure, transplants mango sapling.
Comparative example 6
It is a kind of suitable for the whole every slope ridge between fields of mountainous region disclosed in the file for being 201310030528.9 application No. is CN
Ground method:
(a) between two adjacent wide 2m, the field face of depth of soil preparation 1m retain one section of original state hillside, referred to as every
The groove of width 1.5m, depth 1m are excavated in slope in slope surface；
(b) that the surface soil and waste of slope surface and groove are arrived clearly the gneiss stone every the side on slope, channel bottom is clear
To the other side every slope, wait backfill；
(c) slope surface surface soil to be backfilled or soil moved in improve the original are mixed into the thick decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer of 10cm and backfill groove；
(d) the hillside original state slope surface for retaining 2m width among two grooves is done into outer ridge, finishing field face makes it in outer height
Low small counter-slope state, it is longitudinal that 3 ‰ ratio is kept to drop facing one direction along contour；
(e) moisture and field face diameter stream are retained in the ridge that high 30cm is built in terraced fields outer, builds depth 20cm by mountain root side
Gutter.
Field planting hole is dug by the spacing of 4m in the same field face of the above-mentioned terraced fields built, after applying decomposed manure, is moved
Plant mango sapling.
Experimental example
Experimental period: 2016-2018
Experimental method: in Xingyi of Guizhou city mango planting experiment base, the xerocline on the sunny side that the gradient is about 30 degree at 7 is selected
Ground carries out site preparation by embodiment 1 and the method for comparative example 1-6, behind whole good ground, applies in field planting is cheated identical decomposed organic
Fertilizer is transplanted with a collection of 2 years raw mango saplings；Count the cost of different method of soil preparation, the management cost of mango plantation 2 years, mango
The 2nd year first fruit yield and picking cost are planted, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2:
Table 1
Table 2
| Storage rate (%) | Ground diameter (cm) | Set high (m) | Tree crown (m2) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 95 | 6-8 | 2-3 | 4-5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 92 | 5-6 | 2-2.5 | 3-4 |
| Comparative example 2 | 90 | 4-5 | 1.5-2 | 3-4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 90 | 4-5 | 1.5-2 | 3-3.5 |
| Comparative example 4 | 85 | 4-5 | 1.5-2 | 3-3.5 |
| Comparative example 5 | 90 | 4-5 | 1.5-2 | 3-4 |
| Comparative example 6 | 92 | 4-5 | 1.5-2 | 3-4 |
It is important to point out that, above embodiments and test example are only limitted to do further technical solution of the present invention herein
Elaboration and understanding, should not be understood as it is further to technical solution of the present invention limited, what those skilled in the art made
The innovation and creation of non-protruding essential characteristics and marked improvement still fall within protection category of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced method of soil preparation, which is characterized in that by arid hillside field after contour transforming slope into terrace, construction is laterally
Transport routes and pavement.
2. mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden as described in claim 1 opens terraced method of soil preparation, which is characterized in that the width of the axial transport road
Degree is 5-6m, is to excavate one every 200-250m along slope surface length.
3. mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden as described in claim 1 opens terraced method of soil preparation, which is characterized in that the pavement is construction in cross
To the upper and lower of transport routes, built along the tread middle of transforming slope into terrace.
4. mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden as described in claim 1 opens terraced method of soil preparation, which is characterized in that the transforming slope into terrace, tread width
For 3.5m-4.5m, tread inward slant 5-10 degree, the gutter that width has 30-40cm, depth 20-30cm is dug in tread inside.
5. as the mountainous region claim 1-4 Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced method of soil preparation, which is characterized in that specifically include following procedure:
(1) hillside fields selects: selecting the gradient for the arid hillside field of 15-30 degree；
(2) Garden Planning: by slope surface planning transport routes, pavement and planting density when orchard establishment；
(3) transforming slope into terrace: transforming slope into terrace is carried out to slope surface from the bottom up along contour, tread width 3.5m-4.5m, tread is lean-in
The gutter that width has 30-40cm, depth 20-30cm is dug in oblique 5-10 degree, tread inside；
(4) transport road construction: one wide 5-6m axial transport road is excavated every 200-250m along slope surface length；
(5) pavement is built: in transport routes upper and lower, building pavement along tread middle.
(6) it digs field planting hole: digging field planting hole in the tread of transforming slope into terrace.
6. as claim 5 mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced method of soil preparation, which is characterized in that the pavement, the wide 0.5-0.6m of step,
High 0.3-0.4m, long 1-1.5m.
7. as claim 5 mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced method of soil preparation, which is characterized in that the area of the orchard establishment is 50-100 mus.
8. as claim 5 mountainous region Mango Fruit Garden opens terraced method of soil preparation, which is characterized in that the step (6), is outside away from tread
The field planting hole of 70 × 70 × 70cm is dug at edge 0.5m, the spacing between hole and hole is 4m × 4m.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113016471A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-25 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Tea garden planting method suitable for mountain area mechanized farming |
| CN113068462A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 怀化职业技术学院 | Hillside orchard mechanized operation land preparation method |
| CN114916367A (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2022-08-19 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Slope soil preparation method for planting of mountain tung tree |
| CN116034803A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-05-02 | 陈锦铿 | Hilly and mountain area operation slope planting method suitable for machine operation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113016471A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-25 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Tea garden planting method suitable for mountain area mechanized farming |
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| CN116034803A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-05-02 | 陈锦铿 | Hilly and mountain area operation slope planting method suitable for machine operation |
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