CN114698499A - Soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland - Google Patents
Soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN114698499A CN114698499A CN202210207686.6A CN202210207686A CN114698499A CN 114698499 A CN114698499 A CN 114698499A CN 202210207686 A CN202210207686 A CN 202210207686A CN 114698499 A CN114698499 A CN 114698499A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland, which realizes effective treatment of the slope farmland by implementing pepper soil-fixing and water-retaining engineering on the slope farmland, and comprises the following contents: a. burying pericarpium Zanthoxyli; b. digging a backwater ditch; c. covering a tree disc; d. applying organic fertilizer; e. weeding in a pepper garden; f. a water retention agent is used. The invention comprises the following steps: 1. ecological safety can be maintained; 2. can promote the renewal of regional industry and the sustainable development of economy: the application of the soil fixation and water retention of the zanthoxylum bungeanum along the bank of the yellow river can realize that the prevention and control plate intercepts rainwater and collect rainwater by using the pits, thereby not only solving the water and soil loss caused by rainwater erosion, but also solving the drought of the land, strengthening soil fertilizer by applying grass on the pit surface, realizing the regulation of water by a return ditch, promoting the update of the variety of the zanthoxylum bungeanum, improving the capability of the zanthoxylum bungeanum tree for resisting natural disasters, effectively promoting the poverty loss and the enrichment of farmers, and promoting the consolidation and the development of the comprehensive treatment result of the river basin; 3. can promote the countryside pleasure strategy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil treatment, in particular to a soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland.
Background
The landform of the yellow river along the bank is complex, the mountain is steep, the soil layer is shallow, the soil is poor, the climate is arid, and the water and soil loss is serious. At the present stage, although the comprehensive prevention and control effect of water and soil loss is obvious, the ecological environment is obviously improved, and the water storage and soil conservation capability of the loess plateau is obviously enhanced. However, the yellow river is weak and sick once, the flood is frequent, and the current yellow river basin still has some outstanding difficulties and problems. The reason is that the traditional Chinese medicine composition has objective restriction of congenital deficiency and also has human factors of acquired malnutrition. These problems are manifested in the yellow river, rooted in the watershed. At present, the ecological environment of the yellow river basin is still fragile, the ecological system in local areas is degraded, the water source conservation function is reduced, and the water and soil loss in midstream is serious.
The serious water and soil loss in the loess plateau area causes a great amount of silt to be discharged into yellow, so that the river bed of the yellow river is raised, the river is rich in silt and is difficult to control, and the sustainable development of the economy and the society is seriously restricted.
In Yichuan county, the west of yellow river dry river at Yichuan town, where Luchuan, Baishui and Hou river are the main rivers, the ecological region is very important. Rivers live 8 thousands of residents along the bank, pepper is the traditional industry, and 5.6 ten thousand mu of pepper trees are distributed on the large and small mountains. The zanthoxylum bungeanum has steep topography, shallow soil layer and rainy day and yellow water flowing all over the hill, which causes serious water and soil loss and seriously affects the ecological construction of the coasts of the yellow river. Due to serious water and soil loss, most farmlands in the villages and towns are poor, the agricultural production level is low, local farmers cannot fundamentally improve the problems of full temperature, wide seed and thin harvest, laggard agricultural production mode, slow industrial updating and slow farmers poverty for a long time, and the agricultural production and supply pressure in some regions is higher.
Yichuan county is a semi-humid and semi-arid climate in a warm temperate zone, which belongs to a typical continental monsoon climate. The regional microclimate is very obvious under the influence of topography and vegetation, a forest area is wet and cool, and a yellow river is dry and hot along the bank. The annual average temperature is 9.9 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 39.9 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is-22.4 ℃, the July average temperature is 23.3 ℃ and the monthly average temperature is-5.7 ℃. The annual sunshine duration 2437.5 hours, the activity accumulated temperature of not less than 10 ℃, 3469.1 ℃, the frost-free period 188 days, the annual total solar radiation amount 117.79 kcal/square centimeter, the annual precipitation amount 563 mm, the meteorological factors such as illumination, heat and precipitation in project areas, and the like.
The cultivation history of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Yichuan county is long, and is one of the leading economic industries in the county. The main production areas are distributed in the yellow river edge bank soil stone mountain areas such as Yijiyi and autumn forest, the illumination time is long, the day and night temperature difference is large, the carbohydrate manufacturing and accumulation are facilitated, in addition, the experience of the mass planting management technology is rich, and the Chinese prickly ash (peel) is large, thick in peel, red in color and rich in fragrance, so that the fruit product is excellent. And 5.6 mu acres of the Chinese prickly ash are planted in the county after 2019, 300 million kg of Chinese prickly ash peels are produced in the year, and the annual value of the original fruits of the Chinese prickly ash is more than 2.4 hundred million yuan.
The planting area of the peppers in Yichuan county occupies 5.6 ten thousand mu, and although the area of the flat ground in the Chuandao and the mudflat land occupies 1.2 ten thousand mu, 4.4 ten thousand mu of soil hillside slope land still exists at present, and the method has the basic conditions for implementing the projects of soil fixation, water retention and pit freezing prevention of the peppers in the yellow river riparian land.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the technology and provide a soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is a soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland, which comprises the following steps: the engineering of fixing soil and preserving water of the pepper is implemented on the slope farmland, so that the effective treatment of the slope farmland is achieved.
Further, the pepper soil-fixing and water-retaining engineering comprises the following contents:
a. burying pepper: the method comprises the following steps of (1) planting the pepper at a slope of below 30 degrees, adopting a transparent tile protection plate with the length of 200 centimeters and the width of 25 centimeters, coating white paint on the outer side, burying to the depth of 19 centimeters, leveling in a pit, troweling and compacting the periphery of the pit, and taking the rest 6 centimeters above a base line as a standard; the gradient of the pepper planting is more than 30 degrees, a transparent tile protection plate with the length of 200 centimeters and the width of 30 centimeters is adopted, white paint is coated outside, the embedding depth is 22 centimeters, the inside of a pit is leveled, the periphery of the pit is leveled and compacted, and the residual 8 centimeters above a base line are horizontal;
b. Digging a backwater ditch: digging a backwater ditch with the depth of 20 cm and the width of 30 cm between the two trees, leveling the ground and smoothing the water flow, and paving gardening ground cloth on the ridges of the soil for reinforcement;
c. and (3) tree disk covering: the tree discs are covered with straws or weeds, the thickness is 10-20 cm, and the soil environment can be improved and the soil moisture can be preserved;
d. applying organic fertilizer to prevent soil hardening and improve soil structure;
e. weeding in a pepper garden;
f. a water retention agent is used.
Further, the field weeding comprises the following steps:
1) soil loosening and weeding
1-3 times of shallow ploughing and weeding can be carried out on the pepper garden according to soil moisture in the first ten days of 4 months to 6 months, so that the surface temperature of the soil is increased, the air permeability of the soil is enhanced, the decomposition and conversion of organic matters in the soil are promoted, and the growth and development of trees are facilitated;
2) mechanical mowing
In the first ten days of 6 months to the first 8 months, the hot and insolated high-temperature climate pepper garden is entered to prohibit loosening soil and weeding, promoting the growth of grass in the garden area, and when the weeds are too high, the mechanical mowing is timely carried out and covers the earth surface, so that the water transpiration is reduced, the earth surface temperature is reduced, the microclimate in the garden area is built, and the fruit coloring is facilitated;
3) deep ploughing and weeding
After the peppers in 9-10 months are picked, deep ploughing and weeding are carried out and fertilization is carried out simultaneously, at the moment, the root system enters the last growth peak period in the year, the damaged root system is easy to heal, Hen lines capable of growing and replacing new roots can grow, and the method is also the only comprehensive operation of deep ploughing, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing the peppers in one year.
Further, the use of the water-retaining agent includes:
1) ploughing and soil-working
During land preparation, the water-retaining agent is scattered on the surface of soil to retain water and fertilizer for plants, before the plants are planted, the soil needs to be ploughed one time, the water-retaining agent can be scattered on the surface of the soil according to the proportion of 20-50 g per square meter, then the soil is uniformly stirred and leveled by using an iron toothed harrow, then the water is irrigated once to the soil, so that the water-retaining agent is fully combined with the soil, and finally, plant seeds can be scattered in the soil;
2) root dipping treatment
When plants are transported for a long distance, the plants are easy to die due to water shortage, the water-retaining agent needs to be diluted in water, the root systems of the plants are soaked in water of the water-retaining agent for 30 minutes to absorb enough nutrients, and then the roots of the water-retaining agent are wrapped by using a plastic film or a sealing bag to avoid withering and die;
3) and management of transplantation
When seedlings are transplanted, when the plants need to be filled with soil, the water-retaining agent is scattered into the soil according to the proportion of 15-25 g of each plant, then the water-retaining agent and the crushed soil are stirred uniformly, then the water-retaining agent is watered for one time, and a layer of mulching film is covered to retain water and moisture for the plants, so that the transplanting survival rate of the plants is increased;
4) and a method of curing
When the big tree for more than three years is maintained, the ditching needs to be surrounded at the vertical position of about two thirds of the projection of the tree crown of the plant, the width is about 25 cm, the depth cannot exceed 40 cm, so that the root system of the plant is prevented from being damaged, and then the water-retaining agent is poured into the ditch, so that the activity of the big tree is favorably improved, and the big tree is more flourishing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1. ecological safety can be maintained; 2. can promote the renewal of regional industry and the sustainable development of economy: the application of the soil fixation and water retention of the zanthoxylum bungeanum along the yellow river bank can realize that the prevention and control plate intercepts rainwater and collect rainwater by using the pits, thereby not only solving the water and soil loss caused by rainwater erosion, but also solving the drought of the land, strengthening the soil fertilizer by spreading grass on the surfaces of the pits, realizing the regulation of water by a return ditch, promoting the update of the variety of the zanthoxylum bungeanum, improving the capability of the zanthoxylum bungeanum tree for resisting natural disasters, effectively promoting the poverty loss of farmers to cause the richness, and promoting the consolidation and the development of the comprehensive treatment of the fruits in the yellow river basin; 3. can promote the village pleasure strategy: by implementing the soil stabilization and water retention engineering of the zanthoxylum bungeanum along the yellow river bank, the agricultural production conditions are improved while water and soil are maintained and the ecological environment is improved, the agricultural comprehensive productivity is improved, the agricultural high and stable yield is ensured, and the realization of the high-quality development target is promoted.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1, a method for fixing soil and retaining water in slope farmland, which implements pepper soil fixing and water retaining engineering in the slope farmland to achieve effective treatment of the slope farmland.
Further, the pepper soil-fixing and water-retaining engineering comprises the following contents:
a. burying pepper: the method comprises the following steps of (1) planting the pepper at a slope of below 30 degrees, adopting a transparent tile protection plate with the length of 200 centimeters and the width of 25 centimeters, coating white paint on the outer side, burying to the depth of 19 centimeters, leveling in a pit, troweling and compacting the periphery of the pit, and taking the rest 6 centimeters above a base line as a standard; the gradient of the pepper planting is more than 30 degrees, a transparent tile protection plate with the length of 200 centimeters and the width of 30 centimeters is adopted, white paint is coated outside, the embedding depth is 22 centimeters, the inside of a pit is leveled, the periphery of the pit is leveled and compacted, and the residual 8 centimeters above a base line are horizontal;
b. digging a backwater ditch: digging a return ditch with the depth of 20 centimeters and the width of 30 centimeters between the two trees, leveling the ground and smoothening the water flow, and paving gardening ground cloth on the soil ridge for reinforcement;
c. and (3) tree disc covering: the interior of the tree tray is covered with straws or weeds, the thickness is 10-20 cm, and the soil environment can be improved and the soil moisture can be preserved;
d. applying organic fertilizer to prevent soil hardening and improve soil structure;
e. weeding in a pepper garden;
f. a water retention agent is used.
Further, the field weeding comprises the following steps:
1) Soil loosening and weeding
1-3 times of shallow ploughing and weeding can be carried out on the pepper garden according to soil moisture in the first ten days of 4 months to 6 months, so that the surface temperature of the soil is increased, the air permeability of the soil is enhanced, the decomposition and conversion of organic matters in the soil are promoted, and the growth and development of trees are facilitated;
2) mechanical mowing
In the first ten days of 6 months to the first 8 months, the hot and insolated high-temperature climate pepper garden is entered to prohibit loosening soil and weeding, promoting the growth of grass in the garden area, and when the weeds are too high, the mechanical mowing is timely carried out and covers the earth surface, so that the water transpiration is reduced, the earth surface temperature is reduced, the microclimate in the garden area is built, and the fruit coloring is facilitated;
3) deep ploughing and weeding
After the peppers in 9-10 months are picked, deep ploughing and weeding are carried out and fertilization is carried out simultaneously, at the moment, the root system enters the last growth peak period in the year, the damaged root system is easy to heal, Hen lines capable of growing and replacing new roots can grow, and the method is also the only comprehensive operation of deep ploughing, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing the peppers in one year.
Further, the use of the water-retaining agent includes:
1) ploughing and soil-working
During soil preparation, the water-retaining agent is scattered on the surface of soil to retain water and fertilizer for plants, before the plants are planted, the soil needs to be ploughed for one time, the water-retaining agent can be scattered on the surface of the soil according to the proportion of 20-50 g per square meter, the soil is uniformly stirred and leveled by using an iron toothed harrow, then the soil is watered for one time, the water-retaining agent is fully combined with the soil, and finally, plant seeds can be scattered in the soil;
2) Root dipping treatment
When the plants are transported for a long distance, the plants are easy to die due to water shortage, the water-retaining agent needs to be diluted in water, the root systems of the plants are soaked in the water-retaining agent for 30 minutes to absorb enough nutrients, and then the roots of the water-retaining agent are wrapped by a plastic film or a sealing bag to avoid withering and die;
3) and management of transplantation
When seedlings are transplanted, when the plants need to be filled with soil, the water-retaining agent is scattered into the soil according to the proportion of 15-25 g of each plant, then the water-retaining agent and the crushed soil are stirred uniformly, then the water-retaining agent is watered for one time, and a layer of mulching film is covered to retain water and moisture for the plants, so that the transplanting survival rate of the plants is increased;
4) and a method of curing
When a big tree for more than three years is maintained, a ditch needs to be dug around the projection of the crown of the plant, which is perpendicular to about two thirds of the projection, the width of the ditch is about 25 cm, and the depth of the ditch cannot exceed 40 cm, so that the root system of the plant is prevented from being damaged, and then the water-retaining agent is poured into the ditch, so that the activity of the big tree is favorably improved, and the big tree is more flourishing.
Benefit analysis
Ecological benefits
Through the implementation of engineering, the ecological environment along the bank of the yellow river is restored, surface runoff is reduced, water and soil loss is prevented, and the functions of water storage and air purification are achieved. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the pepper garden in the aspects of water and soil conservation, water source conservation, climate regulation, animal and plant growth environment improvement in the area and the like can be improved, and the method plays an extremely important role in maintaining local ecological balance, preventing and reducing disasters.
Economic benefits
The economic benefit includes both direct benefit and indirect benefit. The direct economic benefit is expressed by improving the ecological area of the pepper garden by 500 mu. Besides directly promoting the local economic development and social progress in construction, the method can also create favorable conditions for global tourism development and drive the peripheral economic development. The following were calculated as 10 year returns:
1. and (3) maintaining the functional value of the soil: the functional value of the green land soil is the difference of the green land and the green land not-greening year erosion quantity, the ratio of the green land area to the green land area and the protection labor cost. The difference of annual erosion amount between green land and non-green land is as follows: the cost of the protective works of 2.79 tons/mu is calculated according to the cost of the project for removing the reservoir siltation. And (4) calculating according to related data, and putting 36 yuan into the project for removing the silted soil in the 1 ton reservoir. The project increases the greening area by 500 mu, and the economic value is converted into 50 ten thousand yuan.
2. The functional value of conserving water source: the capacity of storing water and lowering water is about 100 mm, which is equivalent to 1000 tons/hectare; according to the determination of related departments, the annual depreciation cost of the storage capacity of each cubic meter of the reservoir, the annual depreciation cost of rainwater utilization facilities and the value of power generation per ton of water are all calculated according to 0.015 yuan, the comprehensive water price is calculated according to 0.15 yuan, the cost of manually purifying rainwater is 1.0 yuan/ton, and the conversion economic value is 40 ten thousand yuan.
3. The yield increasing value of the pepper is as follows: the yield per mu of pepper is 100 jin dry pepper, the market price per year is 35 yuan, and the income per mu can reach 3500 yuan. The yield can be increased by 30 percent by applying the engineering of fixing soil and retaining water of the pepper, the application area is 500 mu, and the reduced economic value is 525 ten thousand yuan.
4. The landscape leisure function value is the total annual tourism leisure consumption, and the number of tourists is the proportion aiming at enjoying natural landscapes. The number of annual tourists is about 1 ten thousand, the number of tourists consumes 500 yuan per capita, and the proportion of the tourists aiming at viewing natural landscapes is 70 percent. The reduced economic value is 350 ten thousand yuan.
The project investment is 100 ten thousand yuan, the investment recovery period is 10 years, the economic value is 965 ten thousand yuan, and the investment benefit is better.
Social benefits
Mainly expressed in the aspects of providing ecological safety, employment opportunities, rural industrial adjustment, regional economic development and the like. Through the organizational implementation of yellow river riparian pepper soil fixation, water retention and anti-freeze pit engineering, the method not only can obtain the attention of the whole society to the pepper planting industry, enhance the consciousness of protecting vegetation of the masses and improving the environment, but also lays a material foundation for increasing income and leading richness of farmers. Plays an active role in helping to revive the countryside, improve the production and living conditions of the countryside, widen employment channels, promote the transfer of residual labor force and the like.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above without limitation, and those skilled in the art will be able to devise examples similar to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps: the engineering of fixing soil and preserving water of the pepper is implemented on the slope farmland, so that the effective treatment of the slope farmland is achieved.
2. The soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pepper soil-fixing and water-retaining engineering comprises the following contents:
a. burying pepper: the method comprises the following steps of (1) planting the pepper at a slope of below 30 degrees, adopting a transparent tile protection plate with the length of 200 centimeters and the width of 25 centimeters, coating white paint on the outer side, burying to the depth of 19 centimeters, leveling in a pit, troweling and compacting the periphery of the pit, and taking the rest 6 centimeters above a base line as a standard; the method is characterized in that the gradient of pepper planting is more than 30 degrees, a transparent tile protection plate with the length of 200 centimeters and the width of 30 centimeters is adopted, white paint is coated outside, the embedding depth is 22 centimeters, the inside of a pit is leveled, the periphery of the pit is leveled and compacted, and the residual 8 centimeters above a base line are horizontal;
b. digging a backwater ditch: digging a backwater ditch with the depth of 20 centimeters and the width of 30 centimeters between the two trees, leveling the ground, smoothening the water flow, and paving gardening ground cloth on the earth ridge for reinforcement;
c. And (3) tree disk covering: the interior of the tree tray is covered with straws or weeds, the thickness is 10-20 cm, and the soil environment can be improved and the soil moisture can be preserved;
d. applying organic fertilizer to prevent soil hardening and improve soil structure;
e. weeding in a pepper garden;
f. a water retention agent is used.
3. The soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pepper garden weeding comprises the following steps:
1) soil loosening and weeding
1-3 times of shallow ploughing and weeding can be carried out on the pepper garden according to the soil moisture content in the last ten days of 4 months to the last 6 months, the surface temperature of the soil is improved, the ventilation of the soil is enhanced, the decomposition and conversion of organic matters in the soil are promoted, and the growth and development of trees are facilitated;
2) mechanical mowing
In the first ten days of 6 months to the first 8 months, the hot and insolated high-temperature weather pepper garden is entered, soil loosening and weeding are forbidden, grass growing in the garden is advocated, when the weeds are too high, mechanical mowing is timely carried out and the weeds cover the ground surface, water transpiration is reduced, the temperature of the ground surface is reduced, microclimate in the garden is built, and fruit coloring is facilitated;
3) deep ploughing and weeding
After the peppers are picked for 9-10 months, deep ploughing and weeding are carried out and fertilization is carried out simultaneously, at the moment, the root system enters the last secondary growth peak period in the year, the damaged wound of the root system is easy to heal, Hen lines capable of growing and replacing new roots can grow, and the method is also the only one-time deep ploughing, soil loosening, weeding and fertilization comprehensive operation of the peppers in one year.
4. The soil-fixing and water-retaining method for slope farmland according to claim 2, characterized in that: the water-retaining agent comprises:
1) ploughing and soil-working
During land preparation, the water-retaining agent is scattered on the surface of soil to retain water and fertilizer for plants, before the plants are planted, the soil needs to be ploughed once, the water-retaining agent can be scattered on the surface of the soil according to the proportion of 20-50 g per square meter, then the soil is uniformly stirred and leveled by using an iron toothed harrow, then the water is irrigated once to the soil, so that the water-retaining agent is fully combined with the soil, and finally, plant seeds can be scattered in the soil;
2) root dipping treatment
When plants are transported for a long distance, the plants are easy to die due to water shortage, the water-retaining agent needs to be diluted in water, the root systems of the plants are placed in the water-retaining agent for soaking for 30 minutes to absorb enough nutrients, and then the roots of the water-retaining agent are wrapped by using a plastic film or a sealing bag to avoid withering and die;
3) and management of transplantation
When seedlings are transplanted, when the plants need to be filled with soil, the water-retaining agent is scattered into the soil according to the proportion of 15-25 g of each plant, then the water-retaining agent and the crushed soil are uniformly stirred, then the water-retaining agent is watered for one time, and a layer of mulching film is covered to retain water and moisture for the plants, so that the transplanting survival rate of the plants is increased;
4) And a method of curing
When the big tree for more than three years is maintained, the ditching needs to be surrounded at the vertical position of about two thirds of the projection of the tree crown of the plant, the width is about 25 cm, the depth cannot exceed 40 cm, so that the root system of the plant is prevented from being damaged, and then the water-retaining agent is poured into the ditch, so that the activity of the big tree is favorably improved, and the big tree is more flourishing.
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