CN104737749A - Method for bionics wild cultivation of radix tetrastigme in tea-oil tree grown forest or evergreen broad-leaf forest - Google Patents
Method for bionics wild cultivation of radix tetrastigme in tea-oil tree grown forest or evergreen broad-leaf forest Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for bionics wild cultivation of radix tetrastigme in a tea-oil tree grown forest or an evergreen broad-leaf forest. The method is used for bionics wild cultivation of the radix tetrastigme in the tea-oil tree grown forest or the evergreen broad-leaf forest, and particularly includes the steps of forest land selection, radix tetrastigme seedling selection, radix tetrastigme cultivation and management, radix tetrastigme harvesting and machining and the like. According to the growth characteristics of the radix tetrastigme, natural overshadowing conditions of the tea-oil tree grown forest or the evergreen broad-leaf forest are adopted, and bionics wild cultivation of the radix tetrastigme is carried out on empty land of the tea-oil tree grown forest or the evergreen broad-leaf forest, so that manual climbing support building is avoided, and the cultivation cost is reduced; natural ecological conditions of the tea-oil tree grown forest or the evergreen broad-leaf forest can be sufficiently used, earthnuts which are good in quality and high in yield and approximate to earthnuts of wide radix tetrastigme are planted, and the using efficiency and the benefits of forest land in a unit area can be greatly improved.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil tea to grow into forest or the method for evergreen broad-leaved forest pseudo-wild cultivating radix tetrastigme.
(2) background technology
Radix tetrastigme (Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg), have another name called tetratigma hemsleyanum, gold thread hoist, for Vitaceae (Vitaceae) Tetrastigma (Tetrastigma) perennial evergreen herbaceous stem is overgrow liane, having the good reputation such as " king of medicine ", " anticancer god's grass " among the people, is Valuable Herbal Medicine among the people.Herb all can be used as medicine, cool in nature, mildly bitter flavor is pungent, there is anti-inflammatory, the effect such as antiviral, antitumor, unique curative effect is had to various heat symptom-complex (the high heat of high fever convulsions, unknown cause), various oedema (various inflammatory edema, snakebite), irreplaceable " bouvardin ", economic worth is very high, be usually used in the disease such as treatment hyperpyretic convulsion, cold in children fever, hepatitis, bronchitis and bronchial astehma, especially the antitumor efficacy of tetratigma hemsleyanum is treat tumour to open a brand-new road.Modern study finds that radix tetrastigme contains the compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenes, alnulin, has the effects such as good anti-tumour cell proliferative and inducing apoptosis of tumour cell, has been widely used in the diseases such as anticancer, antitumor and anti AIDS virus clinically.Radix tetrastigme because of its drug effect remarkable, potentiality to be exploited is huge, has good economic benefit, wide market.Radix tetrastigme is used as medicine with wild resource always, in recent years owing to excessively excavating, causes wild resource day by day exhausted, becomes a kind of endangered plants gradually.The wild radix tetrastigme resource that quantity is few should be protected, meet market demand again, promote its sustainable development, carry out radix tetrastigme pseudo-wild cultivating imperative.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of oil tea and grows into forest or the method for evergreen broad-leaved forest pseudo-wild cultivating radix tetrastigme.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Oil tea grows into forest or the method for evergreen broad-leaved forest pseudo-wild cultivating radix tetrastigme, and described method is grown into forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating radix tetrastigme in oil tea, and concrete steps comprise:
(1) forest land select: select crown density be 0.6 ~ 0.8 oil tea grow into forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest, soil thickness >30 centimetre, containing the Acid soil (about pH6.5 as well) that humus is abundant, require gradient <30 °; Taked the oil tea of cultivating higher-strength Management pattern such as answering, foster to grow into forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest land as well, its sylvan life space and Lin Yin advantage and radix tetrastigme is utilized to like shady characteristic, forest interplanting radix tetrastigme, can larger raising unit are forest land comprehensive utilization ratio and benefit.Crown density refer to that in forest, arbor tree crown covers the degree on ground, and it is the index of reflection stand density.Briefly, crown density just refer to the ratio of crown canopy area coverage and surface area.
(2) radix tetrastigme seedling is selected: select nursery stock specification to be more than 3 months cuttage seeding or cuttage vessel seedling, long 15 ~ 25 centimetres of seedling, and root system fibrous root is flourishing, without damage by disease and insect; Because the radix tetrastigme place of production is different, radix tetrastigme shape, the property of medicine can slightly differences, and wherein the calabash shaped fruit of Zhejiang radix tetrastigme is in golden yellow, large as lotus seeds, with regard to the property of medicine, belong to top grade in all kinds of radix tetrastigme, therefore seedling is selected with ground provenance property of medicine such as Lishui, Wenzhou, Jinhua as the best.Advocate energetically and use cuttage vessel seedling, improve afforestation survival rate and retention rate.
(3) radix tetrastigme cultivation and maintenance:
1. wholely: for preventing erosion, preserve the ecological environment, improving output, selecting control root container, fill plantation substrate in it after put in oil tea grow into forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest sylvan life for cultivating radix tetrastigme seedling; Described plantation substrate quality is composed as follows: humus under forest floor soil or 30 ~ 35 parts, peat, 15 ~ 20 parts, red soil, vermiculite 24 ~ 30 parts, perlite 5 ~ 10 parts, rice chaff 15 ~ 20 parts; Described control root container is demountable structure, and container side wall convex-concave is alternate and outside outstanding top has the pore that diameter is 4 ~ 8mm, and bottom is the meshed base plate of tool; Control root containers size suggestion diameter × be highly 15 cm x 20 centimetres, in order to prevent weeds, putting control root container area forest land and carrying out band and cultivate or split the rear laying plastic of grass.
Control root container principle utilizes control offspring bed and container, creates a controllable environment, make root ingress of air to root, carry out " air cuts root ", remove the growth vigor of the tip of a root, suppress the growth of the tip of a root, make the growth hormone from acrial part transmission, deliver to the lateral root growth point of root sheath, the generation of stimulated side root, make side root become odd-multiple to increase, then the stimulated side that uses the same method root, side root produces again more side root, and quantity is large and short and thick, competitively occupies new space in the matrix of fermentation.Because its nutrient foot is breathed freely, the growth of plant is accelerated greatly, and then makes the root system of main root plant become a lot of sides root system, thus improve the survival rate of nursery stock and promote radix tetrastigme block root growth.Control root container can make side root shape thick and short, the packing of winding can not be formed, overcome the defect that conventional vessel nursery brings root to be wound around, total root quantity increases by 30 ~ 50 times, and plant percent reaches more than 98%, growing-seedling period shortens half, after transplanting, management workload reduces more than 50%, and this container decapacitation makes seedling root healthy and strong, grows vigorous, particularly to the afforestation under large cultivating seedlings transplanting and transplanting in season and mal-condition, there is clear superiority.
2. plant: plant in annual winter and spring, require with lifting with cultivation, avoid shoot root to suffer wind and Exposure to Sunlight, when planting, nursery stock wants righting compacting, root system unfolds, strain spacing 30 ~ 50cm, density is 3000 ~ 5000 plants/acre;
3. manage: adopt cistern or spray drop to irrigate, control soil humidity at 15 ~ 30% (w/w), fertilising adopts farmyard manure or ash, in control matrix, potassium content is at 20 ~ 30g/kg, annual intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times, forbidding weed killer herbicide, winter prunes overstocked weak branch and deadwood; Summer around plant or horizontal zone face appropriateness carry out intertill and clean tillage, shallow hoe 3 centimetres; Appropriateness fosters uprooting weed in good time, adopts banded intertill and clean tillage autumn and winter, the degree of depth 3 ~ 5 centimetres, next year rotation.Should strengthen seedling after planting and manage and protect work, make regular check on, survival rate is less than more than 85%, and the nursery stock that specification be adopted in time identical carries out after-culture.
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: water drainage is ventilated, and sprays copper sulphate: quicklime: water quality, than the mixed liquor (spraying 2 ~ 3 times in hot and humid summer, about each consumption 50kg/ mu) of 1:1:150, prevents and treats leaf spot; Radix tetrastigme resistance against diseases is strong, substantially disease-free, and unique disease is leaf spot (circular little blackspot appears in blade face).
5. controlled light degree: take the circumstances into consideration the sunshine blocking 60 ~ 80% at spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chuying, after autumn and winter and time in the early spring only need the sunshine blocking 30 ~ 40%; Long sunshine direct projection, radix tetrastigme can not survive.The key one of radix tetrastigme block root high yield is carrying out field management while, controls illuminance and grasp collecting time well; Two is rationally add potassium application and moisture, strict control Medium Culture potassium content and humidity.
(4) gethering and processing: gather for the 4th year after planting, taken apart by control root container, extracts block root; After winning block root, should reduce by earthing in time, again plant, water permeable, and wipe out long rattan on the ground, retain 20 ~ 30 centimetres of rattans long.
Preferably, described plantation substrate quality is composed as follows: 33 parts, peat, 16 parts, red soil, vermiculite 26 parts, perlite 8 parts, rice chaff 17 parts, uses after above-mentioned raw materials mixing after the stack retting heating of 20 ~ 40 days as matrix.
Radix tetrastigme whole body is precious, can deserve to be called " king of medicine ", according to every mu of plantation radix tetrastigme 3000 strain meter, after adopting the inventive method standardized planting, within 4th year, per mu yield can reach about 150 kilograms, and estimate per kilogram 400 yuan calculating by current purchasing price, mu benefit reaches 60,000 yuan, removing radix tetrastigme seedling 2.5 yuan/strain, labour cost, manage and protect, fertilizer etc., net benefits reaches more than 10,000 yuan of/mu of years.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in: the present invention is according to the growth characteristics of radix tetrastigme, the condition of naturally sheltering from heat or light of camellia oleifera lam is utilized to grow into forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest sylvan life vacant lot pseudo-wild cultivating radix tetrastigme in oil tea, not only avoid manually building climbing rack and reduce cultivation cost, also can make full use of oil tea to grow into forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest natural ecological condition, plant out quality better, output high, close to wild radix tetrastigme medicinal piece of root, can larger raising unit are forest land comprehensive utilization ratio and benefit.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the control root structure of container schematic diagram that the present invention adopts;
Fig. 2 is the control root vessel sidewall structure schematic diagram that the present invention adopts;
Fig. 3 is evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life radix tetrastigme pseudo-wild cultivating realistic picture.
(5) embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this:
Embodiment 1: Interplanting technique promotes classical case
Management body: Xinchang Yuan Yuan root of kudzu vine Specialty Co-operative Organization.
(1) forest land is selected: selection crown density are the Chinese ilex woods of 0.6, soil thickness >30 centimetre, containing the Acid soil (pH6.5) that humus is abundant, and the gradient about 25 °;
(2) radix tetrastigme seedling is selected: select Wenzhou District of Zhejiang Province fine provenance, nursery stock specification is more than 3 months cuttage seeding, long 20 cm of seedling, and root system fibrous root is flourishing, without damage by disease and insect;
(3) radix tetrastigme cultivation and maintenance:
1. wholely: put in evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life for cultivating radix tetrastigme seedling after selecting control root container, filling plantation substrate; Plantation substrate quality is composed as follows: 33 parts, peat, 16 parts, red soil, vermiculite 26 parts, perlite 8 parts, rice chaff 17 parts, uses after above-mentioned raw materials mixing after the stack retting heating of 30 days as matrix.Described control root container is detachable column structure, and container side wall convex-concave is alternate and outside outstanding top has the pore that diameter is 5 ~ 6mm, and bottom is the meshed base plate of tool; Control root containers size diameter × be highly 15 cm x 20 centimetres, structural representation is see Fig. 1 (inside projection does not show), and side wall construction schematic diagram is see Fig. 2, and wherein projection top outwardly has pore, the projection top closure of inwardly giving prominence to.
2. plant: plant in annual winter and spring, require with lifting with cultivation, when planting, nursery stock wants righting compacting, root system unfolds, and seeding row spacing is 30 cm x 40 centimetres, and density is 3000 plants/acre;
3. management: adopt spray drop to irrigate, control soil humidity about 20%, fertilising adopts farmyard manure or ash, and in control matrix, potassium content is at about 25g/kg, and winter prunes overstocked weak branch and deadwood;
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: water drainage is ventilated, and sprays copper sulphate: quicklime: water quality, than the mixed liquor (spraying 2 ~ 3 times in hot and humid summer, about each consumption 50kg/ mu) of 1:1:150, prevents and treats leaf spot;
5. controlled light degree: take the circumstances into consideration the sunshine blocking 70% at spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chuying, after autumn and winter and time in the early spring only need the sunshine blocking 30%;
(4) gethering and processing: gather for the 4th year after planting, taken apart by control root container, extracts block root; After winning block root, should reduce by earthing in time, again plant, water permeable, and wipe out long rattan on the ground, retain 30 centimetres of rattans long.
Adopt said method standardized planting (interplanting outdoor scene photo is see Fig. 3), (control root container of the present invention and plantation substrate is not namely used with naked cultivation, direct plantation is to forest land, North and South direction beats furrow, furrow are high 30 centimetres, width 40 centimetres, and furrow are apart from 20 centimetres, ditch in both sides, furrow face, the degree of depth 10 centimetres.In furrow, trench digging is sprinkled into suitable fused calcium magnesium phosphate and ash, and every 30 centimetre of one strain sequences radix tetrastigme seedling, and cover a small amount of earth, compression is treaded, and waters sufficient normal root water.) and common control root cultivates (only adopt control root container to carry out Routine Management, do not adopt plantation substrate of the present invention), and in contrast, result is as follows:
Embodiment 2: Interplanting technique promotes classical case
Management body: Popularizing Forestry Technology center, Yongkang.
Place and scale: 30 mu, Tuo Xi village, Xi Xi town, Yongkang City, Lou Shan cheat 15 mu, village; 15 mu, Zhen Tongkeng village, Zhoushan, adopts embodiment 1 method to interplant.
Summary of operations: the original old camellia oleifera lam production and operation in base are extensive, and variet complexity is aging, and economic benefit is on the low side, after Transformation of Oiltea Camellia Low-yield Forest technical measures, imitative Wild ecological cultivation technique mode under adopting camellia oleifera lam, benefit significantly promotes.According to a preliminary estimate, after the underwood planting of radix tetrastigme oil tea the 3rd year, every mu can reach 4.5 ten thousand yuan of economic benefits, and profit can reach 10,000 yuan of/mu of years; Solve rural laborer from far-off regions employment, social benefit is remarkable; And radix tetrastigme is liana, is mainly attached to earth's surface, alleviate oil tea and cultivate the water and soil loss caused again, ecological benefits are excellent.
Claims (2)
1. oil tea grows into forest or an evergreen broad-leaved forest pseudo-wild cultivating radix tetrastigme method, and described method is grown into forest or evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating radix tetrastigme in oil tea, and concrete steps comprise:
(1) forest land is selected: select crown density be 0.6 ~ 0.8 oil tea grow into forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest, soil thickness >30 centimetre, containing the Acid soil that humus is abundant, requires gradient <30 °;
(2) radix tetrastigme seedling is selected: select nursery stock specification to be more than 3 months cuttage seeding or cuttage vessel seedling, long 15 ~ 25 centimetres of seedling, and root system fibrous root is flourishing, without damage by disease and insect;
(3) radix tetrastigme cultivation and maintenance:
1. wholely: select control root container, fill plantation substrate after put in oil tea grow into forest or evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life for cultivating radix tetrastigme seedling; Described plantation substrate quality is composed as follows: humus under forest floor soil or 30 ~ 35 parts, peat, 15 ~ 20 parts, red soil, vermiculite 24 ~ 30 parts, perlite 5 ~ 10 parts, rice chaff 15 ~ 20 parts; Described control root container is demountable structure, and container side wall convex-concave is alternate and outside outstanding top has the pore that diameter is 4 ~ 8mm, and bottom is the meshed base plate of tool;
2. plant: plant in annual winter and spring, require with lifting with cultivation, when planting, nursery stock wants righting compacting, root system unfolds, strain spacing 30 ~ 50cm, density is 3000 ~ 5000 plants/acre;
3. management: adopt cistern or spray drop to irrigate, control soil humidity 15 ~ 30%, fertilising adopts farmyard manure or ash, and in control matrix, potassium content is at 20 ~ 30g/kg, annual intertill and clean tillage 3 ~ 4 times, and winter prunes overstocked weak branch and deadwood;
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: water drainage is ventilated, and sprays copper sulphate: quicklime: water quality, than the mixed liquor of 1:1:150, prevents and treats leaf spot;
5. controlled light degree: take the circumstances into consideration the sunshine blocking 60 ~ 80% at spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chuying, after autumn and winter and time in the early spring only need the sunshine blocking 30 ~ 40%;
(4) gethering and processing: gather for the 4th year after planting, taken apart by control root container, extracts block root; After winning block root, should reduce by earthing in time, again plant, water permeable, and wipe out long rattan on the ground, retain 20 ~ 30 centimetres of rattans long.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described plantation substrate quality is composed as follows: 33 parts, peat, 16 parts, red soil, vermiculite 26 parts, perlite 8 parts, rice chaff 17 parts, uses as matrix after above-mentioned raw materials mixing after the stack retting heating of 20 ~ 40 days.
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| CN105766529A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-07-20 | 杨小东 | Method for planting camellia oleifera |
| CN105830853A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-10 | 丽水市林业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for interplanting radix tetrastigmae and polygonatum cyrtonema under forest |
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| CN114467524A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-13 | 朱建国 | Root tuber hastening method for tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg |
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