CN112425471A - Cultivation method of radix tetrastigme - Google Patents
Cultivation method of radix tetrastigme Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/021—Pots formed in one piece; Materials used therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of radix tetrastigme, which comprises the steps of preparation before planting, fertilization, pest prevention, field management, harvesting and the like, and the radix tetrastigme root tuber is obtained through artificial cultivation. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cultivation method of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg adopts a special planting container to carry out artificial planting of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, and the side roots of nursery stocks are greatly increased through artificial cultivation management, so that more and full root tubers are produced, the yield is stable, great economic benefits are generated, and the cultivation method is suitable for large-area popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of radix tetrastigme.
Background
Radix tetrastigme is a grapevine plant in Vitaceae, has the academic name of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Dielset Gilg, and is called as a golden thread hanging calabash with various common names in various places, such as filigree hanging gold bell, radix tetrastigme, Shimurus chinensis, Xiao-ping vine, Shihou Zi, Bolus of Tujing and Trifolium equinox.
The whole herb of radix tetrastigme can be used as a medicine, has the best medicinal effect of underground root tuber, has the medicinal effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, dispelling wind and eliminating phlegm, and promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, and is mainly used for treating infantile febrile convulsion, pertussis, furuncle, carbuncle and cellulitis, tuberculous lymphadenitis, dysentery, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngolaryngitis, hepatitis and viral meningitis. It is used externally to treat venomous snake bite, tonsillitis, cellulitis and traumatic injury. Modern medical research proves that the radix tetrastigme extract preparation has good treatment effect on various primary cancers, metastatic cancers and the like such as esophagus cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, leukemia, lymph cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer and the like. Has remarkable antibacterial and antiviral effects, and is called as plant antibiotic.
With the continuous discovery of the medical functions of radix tetrastigme, the wild radix tetrastigme resources are less and less, the research on the artificial cultivation technology of the radix tetrastigme is imperative, the wild radix tetrastigme can be directly used as a seedling, the planting mode of inserting and skewering on the traditional greenhouse ridge is realized, and the root planting yield is always unstable. Traditional planting container is the sack, it is very poor to plant functions such as later stage ventilative permeating water, furthermore, there is serious hidden danger, because the time that will pass more than 3 years after the radix tetrastigme is planted to the collection, use the sack to plant the radix tetrastigme after a period of time, under the higher condition of growing environment humidity (humidity in the natural environment is high, also can often spray water or water on daily management), cause the bag outer wall to grow full with green moss, can make the inside and outside airtight of sack for a long time, it is waterproof, and then cause the rotten root of planted radix tetrastigme, the tuberous root (important medicinal part) is rotten, can cause the absolute harvest even when serious.
In view of this, this patent is filed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of radix tetrastigme, which adopts a special planting container to carry out artificial planting of the radix tetrastigme, and the radix tetrastigme is more and full in root tuber and high and stable in yield.
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg.
According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme of the specific embodiment of the invention, the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before planting: preparing soil, filling soil and fertilizer into the planting container, and planting in 800m soil with elevation of 200 plus materials when the temperature is 10-30 ℃, no water pollution, water source, drought resistance and waterlogging drainage and sandy soil;
(2) planting: planting the seedlings into the soil with the depth of 1/2-2/3 of the height of the seedlings, ensuring that 2 sections are planted into the soil, then pressing the soil layer tightly, watering and fixing roots until the seedlings survive;
(3) fertilizing: in the same planting year, watering and applying a low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer once every 15-25 days after the seedlings survive;
(4) and (3) pest and disease prevention: preventing and treating seedling infection downy mildew and gray mold by adopting methods of draining stagnant water, ventilating and spraying thiophanate;
(5) field management: after the seedlings of the radix tetrastigme survive, planting, carrying out artificial weeding and soil loosening in time, and adding hilling in a container until the distance from the opening of the container is 3-5 cm; cutting off excessive and weak branches and dead branches, removing diseased leaves, cutting off branches when the branches grow vigorously, and keeping the length of the vines to be 30-40 cm;
(6) harvesting: and in the third year after planting, picking the root tuber from winter to the period of frightened hibernation, and picking the root tuber when the color of the root tuber is golden yellow or brown.
The artificial planting of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is required to be shaded, and two shading methods are adopted, namely, a shading shed is built (a rain-sheltering shading shed is generally built for high yield); secondly, planting under the forest, such as the forests of moso bamboos, tea-oil trees and orchards, and using the tree bodies to achieve the purpose of shading.
The period of planting the radix tetrastigme (namely the time from planting to digging) is generally 3-4 years, and if the seedlings do not grow vigorously in the second year after planting, compound fertilizer can be applied to accelerate the seedlings.
According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme, in the step (1), weeds are removed from a field, soil is deeply turned over, soil blocks are broken, and stubble residues, branches and leaves of the former plants are picked out.
According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme, provided by the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), if field planting is carried out, a sunshade is built before land preparation, and the shading degree of the sunshade is 60-70%; if the planting is under forest, selecting the south-facing forest land for planting, and adjusting illumination or keeping the temperature.
The artificial planting of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is required to be shaded, and two shading methods are adopted, namely, a shading shed is built (a rain-sheltering shading shed is generally built for high yield); secondly, planting under the forest, such as the forests of moso bamboos, tea-oil trees and orchards, and using the tree bodies to achieve the purpose of shading.
The period of planting the radix tetrastigme (namely the time from planting to digging) is generally 3-4 years, and if the seedlings do not grow vigorously in the second year after planting, compound fertilizer can be applied to accelerate the seedlings.
According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme, the container is an air-permeable and water-permeable root control container in the step (1).
According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme, further, the container comprises a periphery and a bottom fixedly connected with the periphery, the opening of the container is upward, a cavity is formed in the container, and small holes are formed in the periphery and the bottom.
Preferably, the aperture is an outwardly projecting aperture.
Preferably, the container is cylindrical, and the periphery and the bottom are connected through a buckle. The connecting buckle is a screw.
Preferably, the container is made of plastic.
More preferably, the container is made of a polyethylene material.
Because the air-permeable and water-permeable root control container is made of polyethylene materials, the performance is stable, the root control container is not easy to rot, in addition, the side wall of the root control container is in a concave-convex alternate double-sided three-dimensional shape, the top end of one side is provided with a small hole, and the root control container cannot be full of moss like a canvas bag due to high humidity of a growing environment in actual use.
According to the cultivation method of the hemsley rockvine root, furthermore, the diameter of the bottom of the container is 20-200cm, and the height of the container is 20-70 cm.
Preferably, 3 radix tetrastigme seedlings are planted in a container with the bottom diameter of 30-35cm or 40-50cm and 30-35cm, and 6-8 radix tetrastigme seedlings are planted in a container with the bottom diameter of 40-50 cm.
According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme, the small holes are outwards protruded holes.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for cultivating tetrastigma hemsleyanum includes: selecting sheet plastic with holes, cutting the sheet plastic into rectangles, and enclosing the rectangles to form a cylinder shape as a periphery; cutting the perforated sheet plastic into a round shape as the bottom; the periphery and the bottom are connected by screws.
According to the method for cultivating the radix tetrastigme, the soil filled in the planting container in the step (1) is calcareous sandy soil or humus-containing loose soil.
Preferably, the amount of fill is 1/2 times the volume of the planting container.
According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme, the fertilizer is a commercially available organic fertilizer or a completely fermented sheep manure fertilizer in the step (1), and the organic fertilizer or the completely fermented sheep manure is filled with soil and then is filled into the planting container until the distance between the organic fertilizer and the opening of the planting container is 3-5 cm.
According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme, provided by the embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), if the sunny day continues, watering is carried out every other day for more than 10 days.
The Zhejiang radix tetrastigme is spindle-shaped, oval to oval, single or a plurality of the radix tetrastigme are connected to form a string of beads, the surface is brownish red to brownish brown, the section is white or pink, the radix tetrastigme is crisp, powdery, slight in smell, even and cool in nature, and slightly astringent in taste.
The radix tetrastigme is favored to grow in the high mountain shady and humid place, the growth temperature is 10-30 ℃, the temperature is about 25 ℃ which is the optimal growth temperature, the vine leaves grow strongly and flourishing, the growth is basically stopped when the temperature is reduced to below 10 ℃ in winter, and the radix tetrastigme is drought-resistant and is not suitable for solarization in summer, frost attack in winter and waterlogging in rainy season. The planting soil is preferably planted on sandy soil containing rich humus or calcareous substances, the radix tetrastigme blooms in 5 months every year until no fruit comes in autumn, the flowering period is long, the fruit is mung bean-shaped, the color is bright red and beautiful, the taste is sweet, and the fruit is cool.
The planting container adopted by the invention is a water-permeable and air-permeable plastic container, is different from the traditional sailcloth bag container, and has the following characteristics:
1. the obvious root increasing effect greatly increases the lateral roots of the nursery stock due to the physical shape effect, the total root quantity is larger, and the yield of the root tuber per mu is increased by 1 to 2 times;
2. the growth of the root system is effectively controlled, and the growth of the main root is effectively limited by utilizing the principle of 'air pruning' so as to promote the growth of the lateral root.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the cultivation method of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg adopts a special planting container to carry out artificial planting of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, and the side roots of nursery stocks are greatly increased through artificial cultivation management, so that more and full root tubers are produced, the yield is stable, and great economic benefits are generated.
(2) According to the cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme, the special planting container is adopted, diseases are not easy to occur in the planting period, and the phenomena that the radix tetrastigme is seriously diseased and dead seedlings and roots are rotten due to the fact that other containers are not breathable and water is easy to accumulate when the radix tetrastigme is planted are overcome; the method greatly increases the lateral roots of the nursery stock, has large total root quantity and produces more radix tetrastigme root tubers;
(3) different fertilizing methods and pest prevention methods are used for cultivating the radix tetrastigme, and the method is suitable for large-area popularization.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples. However, the examples are chosen only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
1. Characteristics of radix tetrastigme cultivation
The Zhejiang radix tetrastigme is spindle-shaped, oval to oval, single or a plurality of the radix tetrastigme are connected to form a string of beads, the surface is brownish red to brownish brown, the section is white or pink, the radix tetrastigme is crisp, powdery, slight in smell, even and cool in nature, and slightly astringent in taste.
The radix tetrastigme is favored to grow in the high mountain shady and humid place, the growth temperature is 10-30 ℃, the temperature is about 25 ℃ which is the optimal growth temperature, the vine leaves grow strongly and flourishing, the growth is basically stopped when the temperature is reduced to below 10 ℃ in winter, and the radix tetrastigme is drought-resistant and is not suitable for solarization in summer, frost attack in winter and waterlogging in rainy season. The planting soil is preferably planted on sandy soil containing rich humus or calcareous substances, the radix tetrastigme blooms in 5 months every year until no fruit comes in autumn, the flowering period is long, the fruit is mung bean-shaped, the color is bright red and beautiful, the taste is sweet, and the fruit is cool.
2. Selection of planting field
The planting method generally selects the position with the elevation of 200-800m, convenient traffic, no water and soil pollution, water source, drought resistance and waterlogging drainage, sandy soil and better surrounding environment for planting.
3. Selection of planting season
The sowing season of radix tetrastigme can be from 4 months to 5 months and from 10 months to 11 months, the sowing is carried out at the temperature of 10-30 ℃, and the land preparation and the soil filling of the planting container can be finished 1-2 months ahead.
4. Soil preparation
Before planting, the field needs to be weeded, the soil is deeply turned over, the soil blocks are broken, and the previous crop residual roots are picked out, so that the field cannot greet the use of chemical herbicides in a labor-saving manner.
5 filling soil
The method comprises the following steps of selecting calcareous sandy soil or humus loose soil as a good choice for planting the radix tetrastigme, planting 3 radix tetrastigme seedlings in a container of 30-35cm, filling soil to one half of the height of the container, adding 1 kg of commercial organic fertilizer or completely fermented sheep manure or other completely fermented organic fertilizer into each container, but not selecting chicken manure, and filling soil until the distance from a mouth is 3-5cm, namely, the mouth of the container is kept for 3-5 cm; 6-8 radix tetrastigme seedlings are planted in a container of 40-50cm, 2-3 kg of commercial organic fertilizer or completely fermented sheep manure or other completely fermented organic fertilizer is added, chicken manure can not be selected, and other materials are filled in the container.
6. Transplanting planting is preferably carried out in the cloudy days after rain or in the evening of fine days, if the rainy days are met, soil is not wet enough, water needs to be poured firstly, the soil is wet properly, soil is covered and compacted during transplanting, and root fixing water needs to be poured thoroughly. After 10 days, the seedlings can be judged to survive, and if the leaves shrink and become dry and the vines turn black, the seedlings are replenished again.
7. Management of field
(1) Weeding and soil loosening
After seedlings of radix tetrastigme survive, artificial weeding and soil loosening are carried out in time, the container is filled with too little soil until the opening of the container is 3-5cm, and in order to ensure the quality safety of medicinal materials, herbicides and highly toxic pesticides are forbidden; weeding is carried out at the right time according to the growth and the harm degree of weeds.
(2) Moisture management
The radix tetrastigme is fond of dampness and fearing waterlogging, accumulated water should be removed in time in plum rain season, and root rot and seedling death caused by waterlogging are prevented; in autumn, when the water is dry, the water should be timely applied to protect seedlings, the whitening of the surface soil in the container indicates that the water should be timely applied, the water can be avoided as long as the surface soil is wet, and the radix tetrastigme is relatively drought-resistant and does not need to be applied every day.
(3) Illumination control
Radix tetrastigme prefers yin and suffers from long-term direct sunlight, and the radix tetrastigme is poor in growth vigor and even cannot survive. The sunlight of about 60-75% should be shielded in spring end, summer and autumn, and slightly high illuminance is needed in autumn, winter and early spring to promote the growth of radix Apioris Fortunei root tuber, and the sun-shading net can be even lifted in autumn and winter to let radix Apioris Fortunei appropriately illuminate to promote the nutrition to be transported to root and increase the root tuber yield.
(4) Overwintering management
In order to prevent the freezing injury of the overground part of the radix tetrastigme in winter in low-temperature weather, the artificial wild-simulated planting of the radix tetrastigme can be used for setting a shading device or planting under the forest and the like for heat preservation, so that the vine leaves are prevented from being frosted directly and being frozen.
(5) Rational fertilization
When planting, the base fertilizer is used as the main part, soil is filled in combination with soil preparation, and the base fertilizer is applied according to the requirements and covered with soil.
Top dressing, after weeding in spring and summer, applying 500 times of nitrogen fertilizer to leaf surface, and in the second year, if the seedling growth is not very prosperous, applying a small amount of compound fertilizer to accelerate seedling growth, and using less chemical fertilizer as far as possible.
(5) Pruning and pruning
Timely pruning to make the vines thicker: when the fertilizer is sufficient and the growth is vigorous, pruning is carried out, and only 30-40 centimeters of vines are left, so that excessive consumption of matrix nutrition is avoided. The pruning is preferably carried out 9-10 months per year, so that the root system can be developed to promote the growth of underground root tubers.
8. Pest control
The radix tetrastigme has few serious plant diseases and insect pests, even leaves are infected with downy mildew and gray mold, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the steps of draining stagnant water and ventilating, and spraying thiophanate.
(1) Comprehensive prevention and control
The method follows the guidelines of comprehensive prevention and control taking the prevention as the main: starting from the whole ecosystem of the radix tetrastigme base, agricultural measures and biological measures are preferentially used, various control measures are comprehensively applied, the environment conditions which are not beneficial to pest breeding and are beneficial to the propagation of various natural enemies are created, the balance and biological diversity of the ecosystem are kept, various pests and diseases are controlled below an allowable economic threshold value, and pesticide residues are reduced to the range of specified standards.
(2) Quarantine inspection
When introducing, the plant should be quarantined, but the seedling with disease should not be brought in or out.
(3) Agricultural control
Selecting a robust plant, and culturing a robust radix tetrastigme seedling; enhancing the management of soil, fertilizer and water, and paying attention to drainage and ventilation; removing the perennial roots, branches and leaves of the preceding radix tetrastigme, deeply ploughing the soil before transplanting and planting, and reducing the base number of pests.
(4) Physical prevention and cure
The method adopts artificial pest catching, and properly cuts off over-dense weak branches and dead branches in winter. The diseased leaves are taken out of the ground and then intensively destroyed.
(5) Biological control
Biological-source pesticides such as microbial pesticides and plant-source pesticides are used.
(6) Chemical control
The pesticide control safety requirements are implemented according to GB 4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). The timely administration is controlled, and the medicine is taken according to the symptoms. Each chemical pesticide is prevented from being reused in the plant growth period. The use of pesticide is forbidden in the first half to one year of mining and digging of radix tetrastigme.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for planting tetrastigma hemsleyanum in a field, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before planting: firstly, building a sunshade with shading degree of 60-70%, preparing land, filling soil and fertilizer into a planting container, planting the container on a hillside with elevation of 200 plus land of 800m when the temperature is 10-30 ℃, and preventing water pollution, water sources, drought resistance, waterlogging drainage and sandy soil;
(2) planting: planting the seedlings into the soil with the depth of 1/2-2/3 of the height of the seedlings, ensuring that 2 sections are planted into the soil, then pressing the soil layer tightly, watering and fixing roots until the seedlings survive;
(3) fertilizing: in the same year of planting, watering and applying nitrogen fertilizer once every 15-25 days after the seedlings survive; some seedlings do not grow vigorously in the second year after planting, and applying compound fertilizer to promote the seedlings;
(4) and (3) pest and disease prevention: preventing and treating seedling infection downy mildew and gray mold by adopting methods of draining stagnant water, ventilating and spraying thiophanate;
(5) field management: after the seedlings of the radix tetrastigme survive, planting, carrying out artificial weeding and soil loosening in time, and adding hilling in a container until the distance from the opening of the container is 3-5 cm; arranging a shade shed on the radix tetrastigme plants to adjust illumination or keep warm, wherein the shade degree is 60-70%; cutting off over-dense weak branches and dead branches, removing diseased leaf branches, and cutting off vigorous nursery stocks, wherein the length of the retained vines is 30-40 cm;
(6) harvesting: and in the third year after planting, picking the root tuber from winter to the period of frightened hibernation, and picking the root tuber when the color of the root tuber is golden yellow or brown.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for planting radix tetrastigme under forest, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before planting: selecting underground southward tea-oil trees, preparing soil, removing weeds in the field, deeply turning over soil, breaking soil blocks, removing stubble and residual roots and branches and leaves, filling soil and fertilizer into a planting container which is permeable to air and water and controls roots, wherein the filled soil is calcareous sandy soil or humus loose soil and is filled to 1/2 of the volume of the planting container; the fertilizer is organic fertilizer sold in the market or completely fermented sheep manure, and is filled with soil and then is put into the planting container until the distance between the fertilizer and the opening of the container is 3-5 cm; when the temperature is 13-16 ℃ in the beginning of 4 months, the plants are planted on a hillside with the altitude of 200-800m, and the plants have no water pollution, water source, drought resistance and waterlogging drainage and are planted in sandy soil; the container comprises a periphery and a bottom fixedly connected with the periphery, the opening of the container is upward, a cavity is formed in the container, small holes protruding outwards are formed in the periphery and the bottom, the container is cylindrical and made of polyethylene materials, the periphery and the bottom are connected through screws, the diameter of the bottom of the container is 20-200cm, and the height of the container is 20-70 cm; planting 3 radix tetrastigme seedlings in a container with the bottom diameter of 30-35cm or 40-50cm and the diameter of 30-35cm, positioning the sowing sites of the 3 seedlings according to an isosceles triangle, and planting 6-8 radix tetrastigme seedlings in a container with the diameter of 40-50 cm;
the manufacturing method of the container comprises the following steps: selecting sheet plastic with holes, cutting the sheet plastic into rectangles, and enclosing the rectangles to form a cylinder shape as a periphery; cutting the perforated sheet plastic into a round shape as the bottom; connecting the periphery and the bottom by using screws;
(2) planting: planting the seedlings into the soil with the depth of 1/2-2/3 of the height of the seedlings, ensuring that 2 sections are planted into the soil, then pressing the soil layer tightly, watering and fixing roots until the seedlings survive; if the plants are planted in sunny days of 25-30 ℃ continuously, the plants need to be protected from sunlight, and are watered every other day for more than one week, but the water spraying cannot be excessive to prevent water accumulation in the bags;
(3) fertilizing: in the same year of planting, watering and applying nitrogen fertilizer once every 15-25 days after the seedlings survive; if the seedlings do not grow vigorously in the second year after planting, applying compound fertilizer to accelerate the seedlings;
(4) and (3) pest and disease prevention: preventing and treating seedling infection downy mildew and gray mold by adopting methods of draining stagnant water, ventilating and spraying thiophanate;
(5) field management: after the seedlings of the radix tetrastigme survive, planting, carrying out artificial weeding and soil loosening in time, and adding hilling in a container until the distance from the opening of the container is 3-5 cm; adjusting illumination or keeping warm; cutting off excessive and weak branches and dead branches, removing diseased leaves, cutting off branches when the branches grow vigorously, and keeping the length of the vines to be 30-40 cm;
(6) harvesting: and in the third year after planting, picking the root tuber from winter to the period of frightened hibernation, and picking the root tuber when the color of the root tuber is golden yellow or brown. The period from 12 months to 2 months of the next year is the period of dormancy. After the radix tetrastigme is planted for three years, the color of the vine is brown, and the surface of the excavated root tuber is golden yellow and brown, so that the tuber can be excavated.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is the same as the planting method of example 2, with the only difference being: a conventional sailcloth bag was used as the planting container, and the size of the sailcloth bag was the same as that of the planting container of example 2.
Comparing the root tuber yield of the comparative example 1 with that of the example 2, the result shows that the average root tuber yield of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg of the invention after 3-4 years of planting reaches 150 g per seedling, and the average root tuber yield of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg of the comparative example 2 after 3-4 years of planting reaches only 50-80 g per seedling, which indicates that the yield obtained by the cultivation method of the invention is higher, and the planting container of the invention is more permeable to water and air, is more beneficial to the survival of the seedlings of the tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg and is more beneficial to.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method of the radix tetrastigme is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparation before planting: preparing soil, filling soil and fertilizer into the planting container, and planting in 800m soil with elevation of 200 plus materials when the temperature is 10-30 ℃, no water pollution, water source, drought resistance and waterlogging drainage and sandy soil;
(2) planting: planting the seedlings into the soil with the depth of 1/2-2/3 of the height of the seedlings, ensuring that 2 sections are planted into the soil, then pressing the soil layer tightly, watering and fixing roots until the seedlings survive;
(3) fertilizing: in the same year of planting, watering and applying nitrogen fertilizer once every 15-25 days after the seedlings survive;
(4) and (3) pest and disease prevention: preventing and treating seedling infection downy mildew and gray mold by adopting methods of draining stagnant water, ventilating and spraying thiophanate;
(5) field management: after the seedlings of the radix tetrastigme survive, carrying out artificial weeding and soil loosening in time, and adding hilling in the container until the distance from the opening of the container is 3-5 cm; cutting off excessive and weak branches and dead branches, removing diseased leaves, cutting off branches when the branches grow vigorously, and keeping the length of the vines to be 30-40 cm;
(6) harvesting: and in the third year after planting, picking the root tuber from winter to the period of frightened hibernation, and picking the root tuber when the color of the root tuber is golden yellow or brown.
2. The cultivation method of radix tetrastigme as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the soil preparation is to remove weeds from the field, deeply turn the soil, break up soil blocks, and sort out stubble residues and branches and leaves; if the field planting is carried out, building a sunshade shed before soil preparation, wherein the shading degree of the sunshade shed is 60-70%; if the planting is under forest, selecting the south-facing forest land for planting, and adjusting illumination or keeping the temperature.
3. The cultivation method of radix tetrastigme as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the container is a gas-permeable and water-permeable root control container.
4. The cultivation method of radix tetrastigme as claimed in claim 3, wherein the container comprises a periphery and a bottom fixedly connected with the periphery, the container is opened upwards and a cavity is formed inside the container, and the periphery and the bottom are provided with small holes; preferably, the container is cylindrical, and the periphery and the bottom are connected by screws.
5. The cultivation method of radix tetrastigme as claimed in claim 4, wherein the diameter of the bottom of the container is 20-200cm, and the height of the container is 20-70 cm; preferably, 3 radix tetrastigme seedlings are planted in a container with the bottom diameter of 30-35cm or 40-50cm and 30-35cm, and 6-8 radix tetrastigme seedlings are planted in a container with the bottom diameter of 40-50 cm.
6. The cultivation method of radix tetrastigme as claimed in claim 5, wherein the small holes are holes protruding outwards.
7. A method for cultivating Hemsley rockvine root according to claims 4-6, wherein the method for making the container is as follows: selecting sheet plastic with holes, cutting the sheet plastic into rectangles, and enclosing the rectangles to form a cylinder shape as a periphery; cutting the perforated sheet plastic into a round shape as the bottom; the periphery and the bottom are connected by screws.
8. The cultivation method of tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), soil filled in the planting container is calcareous sandy soil or humus loose soil; preferably, the amount of fill is 1/2 times the volume of the planting container.
9. The cultivation method of radix tetrastigme as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the fertilizer is a commercially available organic fertilizer or a fully fermented sheep manure, and the manure is filled with soil and then placed in the planting container until the distance between the manure and the opening of the planting container is 3-5 cm.
10. The cultivation method of radix tetrastigme as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), if the sunny day continues, watering every other day for more than 10 days.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111713361A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-29 | 谢永水 | Bag cultivation method of hemsley rockvine root |
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| CN104737749A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-01 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Method for bionics wild cultivation of radix tetrastigme in tea-oil tree grown forest or evergreen broad-leaf forest |
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