CN105766546A - High-yield tea-oil tree forestation method in purple rock area - Google Patents
High-yield tea-oil tree forestation method in purple rock area Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766546A CN105766546A CN201610255953.1A CN201610255953A CN105766546A CN 105766546 A CN105766546 A CN 105766546A CN 201610255953 A CN201610255953 A CN 201610255953A CN 105766546 A CN105766546 A CN 105766546A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield tea-oil tree forestation method in a purple rock area. The high-yield tea-oil tree forestation method comprises the following steps: selecting a slightly-acidic purple rock hilly land with the slope degree of 30 degrees or lower than 30 degrees and carrying out land preparation; combining a base fertilizer to carry out nursery stock transplanting in a duration from cold winter to time before spring returning; in a planting process, keeping line spacing plants as much as possible except plants impeding the growth of tea-oil trees and shortened high-stem plants; properly introducing dwarf shrubs and herbaceous plants including wild chrysanthemum flowers and the like, wherein short-stem crops including taros, sweet potatoes and the like and beans are suggested to interval planting; combining normal management to finish high-yield tea-oil tree forestation. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and practical; 50kg of fruits can be produced in each Mu of a four-year-oil tea-oil tree forest and 100kg of the fruits can be produced in each Mu of a five-year-oil tea-oil tree forest.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to economic forest afforestation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of purple rock area high yield oil tea method of forestation.
Background technology
China's purple soil distribution is wide, it is distributed mainly on province, city, the districts such as Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, the potential fertility of purple soil is higher, the particularly rich content of potassium, the easy air slaking of matrix, it is the important great soil group that people plant economic crops.But, purple soil parent rock physical weathering is strong, and soil consolidation is poor, is very easily washed away, and if, with improper, is easily caused soil erosion, so that soil fertility reduces, soil layer, rock is exposed, and environment causes great destruction.
Oil tea is Camellia Plants, is the important woody oil tree species of China, has that cultivation history is long, distributed areas are wide, cultivated area is big, the features such as purposes is many.China is original producton location and the distribution center of oil tea, and germ plasm resource is enriched." whole nation oil tea development plan (2009-2020) " points out, China will more than 2,000 ten thousand mu of high yield oil tea of development before the year two thousand twenty.At present, high yield oil tea is substantially red, the regional afforestation of yellow earth, because purple rock soil is very big with physicochemical property difference red, yellow earth, at present, but without at purple rock area high yield oil tea afforestation successfully report.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for rational exploitation and utilization purple soil, the productive potentialities giving full play to purple soil, and a kind of purple rock area high yield oil tea method of forestation is provided.Instruct to providing for the exploitation of purple soil and non-wood forest culture.
The present invention realizes especially by techniques below scheme:
A kind of purple rock area high yield oil tea method of forestation, specifically includes following steps:
1) selection of land and land preparation mode
Select less than 30 ° subacidity purple rock hilly grounds of the gradient, less than 20 ° physical features of the gradient adopt overall site preparation, arrange as appropriately sized level terraced field, and 20 °～30 ° physical features of the gradient adopt horizontal band-like wholely, digging the ring ditch of deep 30cm inside level terraced field and horizontal stripes, the ridge of 30cm is played in outer；
2) nursery stock with plant
To between return of spring early stage, selecting 2 years to 4 years raw container seedlings or the big bed Seedling with soil ball to transplant, decomposed manure of often spreading manuer in holes after severe winter, mixing to insert with bacterial manure and table soil and make base manure, after putting into oil tea Seedling, backfill is mixed with the table soil of compound fertilizer, butt trains high 15cm, with weeds or improving straw mulching 5cm；
3) management
Fertilising: year dose should be 0.8kg/ strain, point use for 2 times；
Hoe up weeds: in time the weeds set beneath and around are purged, allow nursery stock obtain abundant illumination, it is to avoid weeds and nursery stock contention nutriment, the soil set beneath and around to be dug, tree is lower wants shallow hoe, to expand pool area and to promote that soil is penetrating, autumn and winter season dig after directly weeds are layered under tree；
Prune: three major branches of selecting and remain, promote that major branch sprouting of lateral bud forms side shoot；
Water management: purple ground moisture holding capacity is poor, it is necessary to managing handy water in time, to water permeable during sky drought in time, excessive rainfall to drain flooded fields in time.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: use the Bordeaux mixture of 1% to prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as anthrax in time；
4) ecological recovery
Except hinder the plant of Growth of Camellia oleifera and high-stem plant beat short except, interrow growth retains as far as possible, and suitably introduces a fine variety the herbaceous plant such as short raw shrub and Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, plants the short stalk crop such as Fructus Colocasiae Esculentae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and pulse family between promotion.
Further, before step (1) whole ground, table soil is tripped out, fill out back again in cave after digging 60～80cm × 60～80cm × 60～80cm cave.
Further, adopting life in 3 years above band soil ball seedlings when mending the root and stem of certain plants in step (2), after transplanting, seeding row spacing is 2.5m × 2.5m, and planting density is 1650 strains/hm2。
Further, fertilising described in step (3) is particularly as follows: with total fertilization amount 200kg/hm2For standard, using the micro-fertilizer of Zn element and compound fertilizer, different local purple rock hilly soils compositions are different, measure the physical and chemical factor of soil in advance, adjust N, P, K proportioning of compound fertilizer and the consumption of trace element.
Further, planting from tea oil tree 30cm during step (4) among, the photosynthesis of oil tea can not be disturbed with adult plant to be advisable, the plant planted between simultaneously needing pair imposes the fertilizer of abundance in order to avoid striving fertilizer with oil tea.
The invention have the benefit that the soil granular of formation is poor, and moisture holding capacity is weak owing to purple rock is efflorescence properties by force, fertility relatively low particularly N lucrative post is weary, and the inventive method has the following characteristics that 1) by rationally wholely, precipitation can be effectively retained, reduce soil erosion；2) fertilizer is made base fertilizer and can be improved the fertility around tree root and breathability；3) apply fertilizers scientifically, Fertilizer application efficiency can be improved；4) between, kind of plant can cover exposed ground, reduces loss of water, reduces surface temperature, increases biological richness, increases soil fertility.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, the following stated, it is only to presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention not does the restriction of other forms, and any those skilled in the art are changed to the equal Equivalent embodiments changed possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above.Every without departing from the present invention program content, any simple modification following example done according to the technical spirit of the present invention or equivalent variations, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
This experimental establishment, in Hengyang, Hunan Province county, completes especially by following operation:
(1) selection of land and land preparation mode
Selecting less than 30 ° subacidity purple rock hills wholely, pH is 5.8～6.5.The domatic employing overall site preparation that less than 20 ° soil horizons are thicker, arranges as appropriately sized level terraced field；Wholely, the width of horizontal stripes is depending on the hillside gradient for the employing horizontal band-like of more than 20 °.The ring ditch of deep about 30cm is dug inside level terraced field and horizontal stripes；The ridge of about 30cm is played in outer.Thin domatic of soil horizon is advisable with fish scale cave, and the ridge of about 30cm is also played in outer.No matter which kind of land preparation mode, being intended to trip out table soil before whole ground, fill out back in cave after digging the big cave of 80cm × 80cm × about 80cm again, the plant of whole plot periphery preserves as far as possible, but the malignant weed such as Herba Imperatae and awns and the oil tea bigger shrub of impact to be removed.Build up irrigation and drainage system, in order to water draining in time.
(2) nursery stock with plant
The big Fructus Persicae of variety adoption Hengdong and Hunan woods series breeding oil tea, carry out companion planting, afforests with 2 years raw container seedlings.Mend the root and stem of certain plants above band soil ball seedlings of life in 3 years.Afforestation season to be advisable after severe winter before rejuvenating.Often spread manuer in holes about 10kg decomposed manure, mix to insert with bacterial manure 20g and fertile table soil and make base manure, after putting into oil tea Seedling, backfill is mixed with the table soil of about 0.3kg compound fertilizer (N:P:K=5:1:4), butt trains high about 15cm, is about 5cm with weeds or improving straw mulching, improves ground temperature, moisturizing and increase soil organic nutrient, around dig shallow ridges, water foot and determine root water.Seeding row spacing is about 2.5m × 2.5m, and planting density is about 1650 strains/hm2。
(3) management
A, fertilising: year dose should be 0.8kg strain, point use for 2 times.Fertilization ratio combination should be: with total fertilization amount 200kg/hm2For standard, use the micro-fertile 10g/ strain of Zn element, use compound fertilizer (N:P:K=5～8:1:4～6) simultaneously.Fertilising is main to be applied at shadow of the trees outer rim trench digging.After result, a fruit retention fertilizer need to be sprayed in August.It is fertile that camellia oleifera lams more than five ages can spray flower and fruit protecting medicine in the winter time.
B, hoeing up weeds: in time tree weeds beneath and around are purged, allow nursery stock obtain abundant illumination, it is to avoid weeds and nursery stock contention nutriment, tree soil beneath and around to be dug, tree is lower wants shallow hoe, to expand pool area and to promote that soil is penetrating.Autumn and winter season directly can be layered on weeds under tree after digging.
C, pruning: three major branches of selecting and remain, promote that major branch sprouting of lateral bud forms side shoot.According to tree-like and nourishment, tree body is trimmed to brachycephalic, happy type or laminated devices, to promote to strengthen tree crown area, it is ensured that the illumination of branch and leaf.
D: water management: purple ground moisture holding capacity is poor, it is necessary to manage handy water in time.Watering permeable during it drought in time, excessive rainfall to drain flooded fields in time.
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as anthrax in time, the Bordeaux mixture of 1% can be used.
(4) ecological recovery
Due to whole the destruction to original ecology, to utilize natural plants and crop that ecology is repaired.Except hinder the plant of Growth of Camellia oleifera and high-stem plant beat short except, interrow growth retains as far as possible, and suitably introduce a fine variety the draft such as short raw shrub and Flos Chrysanthemi Indici such as Serissa foetida, the green manure such as the short stalk crop such as Fructus Colocasiae Esculentae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and pulse family is planted between promotion, plant, from tea oil tree along about 30cm, can not disturb the photosynthesis of oil tea to be advisable with adult plant.Introduce suitable bacterial manure and contribute to dissolution and the conversion of soil nutrient, to promote the utilization of fertilizer.
The present invention tests in Hengyang County, at present successfully afforestation 800 mu, survey product in 2014, four ages camellia oleifera lam per mu yield fruit 50 kilograms, five ages per mu yield really 100 kilograms.
Claims (5)
1. a purple rock area high yield oil tea method of forestation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) selection of land and land preparation mode
Select less than 30 ° subacidity purple rock hilly grounds of the gradient, less than 20 ° physical features of the gradient adopt overall site preparation, arrange the level terraced field into suitable size, and 20 °～30 ° physical features of the gradient adopt horizontal band-like wholely, digging the ring ditch of deep 30cm inside level terraced field and horizontal stripes, the ridge of 30cm is played in outer；
2) nursery stock with plant
To between return of spring early stage, selecting 2 years to 4 years raw container seedlings or the big bed Seedling with soil ball to transplant, decomposed manure of often spreading manuer in holes after severe winter, mixing to insert with bacterial manure and table soil and make base manure, after putting into oil tea Seedling, backfill is mixed with the table soil of compound fertilizer, butt trains high 15cm, with weeds or improving straw mulching 5cm；
3) management
Fertilising: year dose should be 0.8kg/ strain, point use for 2 times；
Hoe up weeds: in time the weeds set beneath and around are purged, allow nursery stock obtain abundant illumination, it is to avoid weeds and nursery stock contention nutriment, the soil set beneath and around to be dug, tree is lower wants shallow hoe, to expand pool area and to promote that soil is penetrating, autumn and winter season dig after directly weeds are layered under tree；
Prune: three major branches of selecting and remain, promote that major branch sprouting of lateral bud forms side shoot；
Water management: purple ground moisture holding capacity is poor, it is necessary to managing handy water in time, to water permeable during sky drought in time, excessive rainfall to drain flooded fields in time；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: use the Bordeaux mixture of 1% to prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as anthrax in time；
4) ecological recovery
Except hinder the plant of Growth of Camellia oleifera and high-stem plant beat short except, interrow growth retains as far as possible, and suitably introduces a fine variety the herbaceous plant such as short raw shrub and Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, plants the short stalk crop such as Fructus Colocasiae Esculentae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and pulse family between promotion.
2. a kind of purple rock area according to claim 1 high yield oil tea method of forestation, it is characterised in that: before step (1) whole ground, table soil is tripped out, fill out back again in cave after digging 60～80cm × 60～80cm × 60～80cm cave.
3. a kind of purple rock area according to claim 1 high yield oil tea method of forestation, it is characterised in that: adopting life in 3 years above band soil ball seedlings when mending the root and stem of certain plants in step (2), after transplanting, seeding row spacing is 2.5m × 2.5m, and planting density is 1650 strains/hm2。
4. a kind of purple rock area according to claim 1 high yield oil tea method of forestation, it is characterised in that: fertilising described in step (3) is particularly as follows: with total fertilization amount 200kg/hm2For standard, using the micro-fertilizer of Zn element and compound fertilizer, different local purple rock hilly soils compositions are different, measure the physical and chemical factor of soil in advance, adjust N, P, K proportioning of compound fertilizer and the consumption of trace element.
5. a kind of purple rock area according to claim 1 high yield oil tea method of forestation, it is characterized in that: plant from tea oil tree 30cm during step (4) among, the photosynthesis that can not disturb oil tea with adult plant is advisable, and the plant planted between simultaneously needing pair imposes the fertilizer of abundance in order to avoid striving fertilizer with oil tea.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106489495A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-15 | 道真自治县天山茶业有限公司 | A kind of hillside fields tea tree planting method |
| CN108849174A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州环山农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of interplanting method of oil tea and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106489495A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-15 | 道真自治县天山茶业有限公司 | A kind of hillside fields tea tree planting method |
| CN108849174A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州环山农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of interplanting method of oil tea and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae |
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