CN104737749B - Method for bionics wild cultivation of radix tetrastigme in tea-oil tree grown forest or evergreen broad-leaf forest - Google Patents
Method for bionics wild cultivation of radix tetrastigme in tea-oil tree grown forest or evergreen broad-leaf forest Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for bionics wild cultivation of radix tetrastigme in a tea-oil tree grown forest or an evergreen broad-leaf forest. The method is used for bionics wild cultivation of the radix tetrastigme in the tea-oil tree grown forest or the evergreen broad-leaf forest, and particularly includes the steps of forest land selection, radix tetrastigme seedling selection, radix tetrastigme cultivation and management, radix tetrastigme harvesting and machining and the like. According to the growth characteristics of the radix tetrastigme, natural overshadowing conditions of the tea-oil tree grown forest or the evergreen broad-leaf forest are adopted, and bionics wild cultivation of the radix tetrastigme is carried out on empty land of the tea-oil tree grown forest or the evergreen broad-leaf forest, so that manual climbing support building is avoided, and the cultivation cost is reduced; natural ecological conditions of the tea-oil tree grown forest or the evergreen broad-leaf forest can be sufficiently used, earthnuts which are good in quality and high in yield and approximate to earthnuts of wide radix tetrastigme are planted, and the using efficiency and the benefits of forest land in a unit area can be greatly improved.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil tea grow into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest pseudo-wild cultivating Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) method.
(2) background technology
Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) (tetrastigma hemsleyanum diels et gilg), also known as tetratigma hemsleyanum, gold thread hang calabash
Reed, is that Vitaceae (vitaceae) Tetrastigma (tetrastigma) perennial evergreen herbaceous stem is overgrow liana, has among the people
The good reputations such as " king of medicine ", " anticancer SHENCAO ", are Valuable Herbal Medicine among the people.Herb all can be used as medicine, cool in nature, and mildly bitter flavor is pungent, have antiinflammatory,
The effects such as antiviral, antitumor, to various heat symptom-complexs (hyperpyrexia is fainted from fear, the hyperpyrexia of unknown cause), various edema (various inflammatory water
Swollen, snakebite) there is unique curative effect, it is irreplaceable " bouvardin ", economic worth is very high, be usually used in treatment hyperpyrexia and shy
Faint, the disease such as infantile common cold fever, hepatitis, bronchitis and bronchial asthma, the antitumor efficacy of especially tetratigma hemsleyanum is
Treatment tumor opens a brand-new road.Modern study finds that Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) contains flavonoid, triterpeness, alnulin etc.
Compound, have good anti-tumour cell proliferative and inducing apoptosis of tumour cell etc. effect, be clinically widely used in anticancer,
The disease such as antitumor and anti AIDS virus.Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is notable because of its drug effect, and potentiality to be exploited is huge, has good economic benefit,
Wide market.Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is used as medicine with wild resource always, is excavated due to excessive in recent years, leads to wild resource day by day withered
Exhaust, be increasingly becoming a kind of endangered plants.The wild Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) resource that quantity is few should be protected, meet market demand again, promote
Enter its sustainable development, carry out Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) pseudo-wild cultivating imperative.
(3) content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of oil tea grow into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest pseudo-wild cultivating Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) method.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of oil tea grow into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest pseudo-wild cultivating Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) method, methods described be grow into forest in oil tea or
Evergreen broadleaf forest sylvan life pseudo-wild cultivating Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), concrete steps include:
(1) forest land selects: selects canopy density to be that 0.6～0.8 oil tea grows into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest, soil thickness > 30 lis
Rice, the Acid soil (ph6.5 about preferably) enriching containing humus is it is desirable to < 30 ° of the gradient；Taken cultivate answer, foster etc. higher
The oil tea of intensity Management pattern grow into forest or evergreen broad-leaved forest land preferably, using its sylvan life space and Lin Yin advantage and SANYE
Blue or green happiness shade characteristic, forest interplanting Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), can larger raising unit area forest land comprehensive utilization ratio and benefit.Canopy density refer to gloomy
In woods, arbor tree crown covers the degree on ground, and it is the index of the reflection density of crop.Briefly, canopy density just refer to that crown canopy covers
Capping amasss the ratio with surface area.
(2) Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) seedling selects: select nursery stock specification to be more than 3 months cutting seedling or cuttage vessel Seedling, Seedling length 15～
25 centimetres, root system fibrous root is flourishing, no disease and pests harm；Because the Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) place of production is different, Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) shape, the property of medicine can slightly difference, wherein
The calabash shaped fruit of Zhejiang Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is in golden yellow, big such as Semen Nelumbinis, belongs to top grade, therefore plant for the property of medicine in all kinds of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri)s
It is optimal that Seedling selects with the ground such as Lishui, Wenzhou, Jinhua introduces a collection property of medicine.Advocate energetically and use cuttage vessel Seedling, improve afforestation and survive
Rate and storage rate.
(3) Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cultivation and management:
1. site preparation: for preventing erosion, preserve the ecological environment, improve yield, from control root container, fill in it special
It is placed in after cultivation matrix that oil tea grows into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest sylvan life is used for cultivating Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) seedling；Described plantation substrate matter
Amount composition is as follows: humus under forest floor soil or 30～35 parts of peat, 15～20 parts of red soil, 24～30 parts of Vermiculitum, perlite 5～10
Part, 15～20 parts of rice chaff；Described control root container be demountable structure, container side wall convex-concave alternate and outside project top open
There is the pore of a diameter of 4～8mm, bottom is to have meshed base plate；Control root containers size suggestion diameter × be highly 15 centimetres
× 20 centimetres, in order to prevent weeds, put control root container area forest land implementation band and cultivate or split laying plastic after grass.
Control root container principle is using control root bed and container, creates a controllable environment to root, makes root ingress of air, enter
Row " air cuts root ", releases the growth vigor of the tip of a root, the growth of the suppression tip of a root, makes the auxin from aerial partss transmission, deliver to
The lateral root growth point of root sheath, stimulates the generation of lateral root, makes lateral root become odd-multiple to increase, then stimulates lateral root with same method,
Lateral root produces more lateral roots again, and quantity is big and short and thick, competitively occupies new space in the substrate of fermentation.Due to its nutrient foot thoroughly
Gas is good, so that the growth of plant is greatly speeded up, and then makes the root system of main root plant become a lot of lateral root systems, thus improving nursery stock
Survival rate and promotion Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) tuber growth.Control root container can make lateral root shape thick and short, will not form the packing of winding, gram
Take the defect that conventional vessel nursery brings root to be wound around, total root quantity increases by 30～50 times, and plant percent reaches more than 98%, educates
Seedling cycle time half, after transplanting, management workload reduces more than 50%, and this container decapacitation makes seedling root healthy and strong, and growth is prosperous
Contain, particularly to the afforestation under the transplanting of big cultivating seedlings and season transplanting and mal-condition, have a clear superiority.
2. plant: plant it is desirable to lifting with cultivation in annual winter and spring, it is to avoid Seedling root suffers from wind and Exposure to Sunlight,
When planting, nursery stock wants righting compacting, root system to unfold, strain spacing 30～50cm, and density is 3000～5000 plants/acre；
3. manage: irrigated using cistern or spray drop filling, control soil humidity in 15～30% (w/w), fertilising is adopted
With farm manure or plant ash, control in substrate potassium content in 20～30g/kg, every year middle weeding 3～4 times, disabling herbicide,
Winter prunes to overstocked weak branch and deadwood；Summer around plant or horizontal zone face appropriateness carry out in weeding, 3 lis of shallow hoe
Rice；Appropriateness fosters uprooting weed in good time, and autumn and winter adopts weeding in banding, 3～5 centimetres of depth, next year rotation.Should strengthen after planting
Seedling manages and protects work, makes regular check on, and survival rate, less than more than 85%, be mended using specification identical nursery stock in time
Plant.
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: water drainage ventilation, spray copper sulfate: quick lime: the mixed liquor than 1:1:150 for the water quality is (in height
The summer of warm high humidity sprays 2～3 times, about each consumption 50kg/ mu), prevent and treat leaf spot；Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) resistances against diseases are strong, substantially
Disease-free, unique disease is leaf spot (circular little black speck in blade face).
5. control illuminance: take the circumstances into consideration to block 60～80% sunlight in spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chuying, after autumn and winter with
Time in the early spring only needs to block 30～40% sunlight；Sun light direct beam for a long time, Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) can not be survived.Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) block
The key one of root high yield is while carrying out field management, controls illuminance and grasps collecting time；Two is rationally to add
Potassium application and moisture, strict control Medium Culture potassium content and humidity.
(4) harvesting is with processing: is harvested within the 4th year after cultivation, control root container is taken apart, extracts tuber；After winning tuber,
Timely earthing should reduce, again plant, pour permeable, and wipe out long rattan on the ground, retain 20～30 centimetres of rattan length.
Preferably, described plantation substrate quality composition is as follows: 33 parts of peat, 16 parts of red soil, 26 parts of Vermiculitum, perlite
8 parts, 17 parts of rice chaff, use as substrate after the compost heating of 20～40 days after above-mentioned raw materials mixing.
Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) whole body is precious, can deserve to be called " king of medicine ", according to 3000 plants of meters of every mu of plantation Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), using the present invention
After methodological standardization cultivation, the 4th year per mu yield, up to 150 kilograms, is expected 400 yuan of per kilogram by current purchasing price
Calculate, mu benefit reaches 60,000 yuan, remove Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) seedling 2.5 yuan/plant, labour cost, manage and protect, fertilizer etc., net benefits reach 10,000 yuan/
Mu is more than year.
The beneficial effects are mainly as follows: the present invention according to the growth characteristics of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), using camellia oleifera lam from
Condition of so sheltering from heat or light is grown into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest sylvan life vacant lot pseudo-wild cultivating Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) in oil tea, not only avoids manually building climbing up by holding on to
Frame reduces cultivation cost, also can make full use of oil tea and grow into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest natural ecological condition, plant out quality better, yield
High, close to the wild medicinal tuber of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), can larger raising unit area forest land comprehensive utilization ratio and benefit.
(4) brief description
The control root structure of container schematic diagram that Fig. 1 adopts for the present invention；
The control root vessel sidewall structure schematic diagram that Fig. 2 adopts for the present invention；
Fig. 3 is evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) pseudo-wild cultivating realistic picture.
(5) specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in
This:
Embodiment 1: Interplanting technique promotes classical case
Management body: Xinchang Yuan Yuan Radix Puerariae Specialty Co-operative Organization.
(1) forest land selects: selects the Ilicis Purpureae woods that canopy density are 0.6, soil thickness > 30 centimetres, containing humus enrich inclined
Acid ground (ph6.5), about 25 ° of the gradient；
(2) Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) seedling selects: selects Wenzhou District of Zhejiang Province fine provenance, nursery stock specification is more than 3 months cutting seedling, Seedling is long
20 cm, root system fibrous root is flourishing, no disease and pests harm；
(3) Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cultivation and management:
1. site preparation: be used for cultivating SANYE from being placed in evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life after control root container, filling plantation substrate
Blue or green seedling；Plantation substrate quality composition is as follows: 33 parts of peat, 16 parts of red soil, 26 parts of Vermiculitum, 8 parts of perlite, rice chaff 17
Part, use as substrate after the compost heating of 30 days after above-mentioned raw materials mixing.Described control root container is detachable column structure,
Container side wall convex-concave is alternate and outside prominent top has the pore of a diameter of 5～6mm, and bottom is to have meshed base plate；
Control root containers size diameter × and it is highly 20 centimetres of 15 cm x, structural representation is referring to Fig. 1 (inside projection does not show), side wall
Referring to Fig. 2, projection top wherein outwardly has a pore to structural representation, inwardly projecting projection top closure.
2. plant: plant it is desirable to lifting with cultivation, when planting, nursery stock wants righting compacting, root in annual winter and spring
System unfolds, and seeding row spacing is 40 centimetres of 30 cm x, and density is 3000 plants/acre；
3. manage: irrigated using being sprayed filling, control soil humidity 20% about, fertilising adopts farm manure or vegetation
Ash, in 25g/kg, winter prunes to overstocked weak branch and deadwood to control potassium content in substrate；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: water drainage ventilation, spray copper sulfate: quick lime: the mixed liquor than 1:1:150 for the water quality is (in height
The summer of warm high humidity sprays 2～3 times, about each consumption 50kg/ mu), prevent and treat leaf spot；
5. control illuminance: take the circumstances into consideration to block 70% sunlight in spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chuying, after autumn and winter and the early spring
Time only needs to block 30% sunlight；
(4) harvesting is with processing: is harvested within the 4th year after cultivation, control root container is taken apart, extracts tuber；After winning tuber,
Timely earthing should reduce, again plant, pour permeable, and wipe out long rattan on the ground, retain 30 centimetres of rattan length.
Using said method standardized planting (interplanting outdoor scene photo is referring to Fig. 3), the present invention (is not used with naked cultivation
Control root container and plantation substrate, is directly planted to forest land, North and South direction beats furrow, furrow are high 30 centimetres, 40 centimetres of width, furrow away from
20 centimetres, ditch in furrow face both sides, 10 centimetres of depth.Ditch in furrow and be sprinkled into suitable calcium magnesium phosphate and plant ash, every 30 centimetres
One plant sequences Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) seedling, covers a small amount of soil, compression is treaded, and pours root water.) and common control root cultivation (only adopt
Carry out Routine Management with control root container, do not adopt plantation substrate of the present invention) as comparison, result is as follows:
Embodiment 2: Interplanting technique promotes classical case
Management body: Yongkang Popularizing Forestry Technology center.
Place and scale: 30 mu of Yongkang City Xi Xi town Tuo Xi village, 15 mu of the village in Lou Shan hole；15 mu of Zhoushan Zhen Tongkeng village, adopts
Embodiment 1 method is interplanted.
Summary of operations: the original old camellia oleifera lam production and operation in base are extensive, and variet complexity is aging, and economic benefit is low, by
After Transformation of Oiltea Camellia Low-yield Forest technical measures, using imitating Wild ecological cultivation technique mode under camellia oleifera lam, benefit is substantially improved.Tentatively
Estimate, the 3rd year after Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) oil tea underwood planting, every mu i.e. up to 4.5 ten thousand yuan of economic benefits, profit is up to 10,000 yuan/mu
Year；Solve rural laborer's employment from far-off regions, social benefit is notable；And Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is liana, is mainly attached to earth's surface,
Mitigate oil tea and cultivate the soil erosion causing again, ecological benefits are excellent.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of oil tea grows into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest pseudo-wild cultivating Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) method, and methods described is to grow into forest or evergreen in oil tea
Pseudo-wild cultivating Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) under broad-leaf forest, concrete steps include:
(1) forest land selects: selects canopy density to be that 0.6～0.8 oil tea grows into forest or evergreen broadleaf forest, soil thickness > 30 centimetres, contain
The Acid soil that humus enrich is it is desirable to < 30 ° of the gradient；
(2) Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) seedling selects: selection nursery stock specification is more than 3 months cutting seedling, 15～25 centimetres of Seedling length, and root system fibrous root is sent out
Reach, no disease and pests harm；
(3) Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cultivation and management:
1. site preparation: oil tea grows into forest or evergreen broad-leaved sylvan life is used for planting from being placed in after control root container, filling plantation substrate
Training Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) seedling；Described plantation substrate quality composition is as follows: humus under forest floor is native or 30～35 parts of peat, and red soil 15～
20 parts, 24～30 parts of Vermiculitum, 5～10 parts of perlite, 15～20 parts of rice chaff；Described control root container is demountable structure, container side
Wall convex-concave is alternate and outside prominent top has the pore of a diameter of 4～8mm, and bottom is to have meshed base plate；
2. plant: plant it is desirable to lifting with cultivation, when planting, nursery stock wants righting compacting, root system to relax in annual winter and spring
Exhibition, strain spacing 30～50cm, density is 3000～5000 plants/acre；
3. manage: using cistern or be sprayed filling and irrigated, control soil humidity 15～30%, fertilising using farm manure or
Plant ash, controls in substrate potassium content in 20～30g/kg, every year middle weeding 3～4 times, and winter enters to overstocked weak branch and deadwood
Row is pruned；
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: water drainage ventilation, spray copper sulfate: quick lime: the mixed liquor than 1:1:150 for the water quality, prevent and treat tikka
Disease；
5. control illuminance: take the circumstances into consideration to block 60～80% sunlight in spring Mo, summer, Qiu Chuying, after autumn and winter and the early spring
Time only needs to block 30～40% sunlight；
(4) harvesting is with processing: is harvested within the 4th year after cultivation, control root container is taken apart, extracts tuber；After winning tuber, should and
When earthing reduction, again plant, pour permeable, and wipe out long rattan on the ground, retain 20～30 centimetres of rattan length.
2. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that described plantation substrate quality composition is as follows:
33 parts of peat, 16 parts of red soil, 26 parts of Vermiculitum, 8 parts of perlite, 17 parts of rice chaff, through 20～40 days after above-mentioned raw materials mixing
Use as substrate after compost heating.
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| CN104255218B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-04-06 | 丽水五养堂农业发展有限公司 | The pocket type cultivation method of the bionical interplanting radix tetrastigme in a kind of bamboo grove ground |
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