CN103999677B - The cultivation method of a kind of radix tetrastigme - Google Patents
The cultivation method of a kind of radix tetrastigme Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the cultivation method of a kind of radix tetrastigme, comprising: select transplantation of seedlings: choose radix tetrastigme nursery stock, transplant to long-term hillside northwards after pruning; Dwarf treatment: spring and autumn, treats that the shoot that radix tetrastigme sprouts grows to 5 ~ 6cm, sprayed chlormequat every 5 ~ 9 days to plant, spray 3 ~ 4 times continuously; Pruning: during plant strain growth, erases the excessive growth branch of bud and prehensile in time; When the trunk diameter of plant to be planted is 0.25 ~ 0.5cm, beam length be 0.8 ~ 1.0m and side shoot length is 0.3 ~ 0.4m, clip the top of trunk, and carry out pinching to side shoot, the side shoot after pinching stays 2 ~ 3 leaf pinching repeatedly; Before sprouting to next year plant in the winter time, prune plant, stay 3 ~ 5 major branches, every is stayed 2 ~ 3 buds; Repeat 3 ~ 4 years; Gather.The radix tetrastigme that cultivation method of the present invention obtains has the crown type of shape as grape vine, and partly uprightly non-climbing up by holding on to property excessive growth, output is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to the cultivation method of a kind of radix tetrastigme.
Background technology
Radix tetrastigme (Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg), another name gold thread hoist, silk thread hang Jin Zhong, the flat rattan of three leaves, stone mouse, little flat rattan, stone monkey, soil through ball, three leaves pair, are Vitaceae Tetrastigma plant.
Radix tetrastigme is Chinese herbal medicine among the people simply, very rare, and in Zhejiang, the history of employing radix tetrastigme treatment tumour among the people is comparatively remote.Radix tetrastigme medicinal efficacy is magical, have and improve immunity, antiviral, enhancing liver function, be described as superfine product Chinese herbal medicine by traditional Chinese medicine circle, especially to cancer, tumour, hepatitis B, children with high fever induced convulsions, bronchitis, pneumonia, viral meningitis etc., there is unique curative effect effect.
Wild radix tetrastigme pharmacology and clinical etc. in tool antitumor, antiviral, move back the distinctive significant curative effects such as high heat, now enjoy the concern of Chinese scholars.
Wild radix tetrastigme is typical tendril type plant, there is feature and the Climb characteristic of fast growth, its stem is generally thin and grow, strain shape is difficult to control, and very easily often saves long root and survive, and often invests on mountain stone, hillside fields or general vegetation, shoot and leaf growth is too vigorous, consume most energy, cause nutrition to be difficult to store formation underground stem tuber, output is very low.
Due to the distinctive habit of radix tetrastigme, its artificial planting is more difficult, and planting scale is little, and output is not high yet, and the cultivation report about radix tetrastigme is also less.
Publication number is the efficient imitating wildness cultural technique method that the Chinese patent literature of CN102919013A discloses a kind of radix tetrastigme (gold thread hoist), comprise the steps: the terraced fields that (1) is selected good farmland, mountain area or is exposed to the north, the weeds in field are removed clean, fertilising; (2) by the field after ploughing deeply, make growth belt, play irrigation ditch in the middle of growth belt, growth belt edge drainage trenching and operation ditch, lay drip irrigation equipment; (3) growth belt covers grass, overlay film; (4) radix tetrastigme planting seedlings; (5) Second Year, when identification of lligera rhodantha hance grows to 30-50 centimeter length, guides added by identification of lligera rhodantha hance, start solid growth; (6) Second Year, at growth belt 1.5 meters erection steelframe booth, above covered with sunshade net; Within (7) fourth, fifth years, gather.This patent is the method for artificial cultivation radix tetrastigme conventional at present, mainly simulate wild radix tetrastigme growing environment, carry out artificial field production, but radix tetrastigme still has its wild characteristic, need to build shelf in production and seek connections with for radix tetrastigme, cost is high, management is inconvenient, and its output still remains at low levels, although do not record its concrete Tuber yields in detail in file, but under normal circumstances, per mu yield is at about 10kg.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of radix tetrastigme, the trunk of the radix tetrastigme utilizing this cultivation method to obtain and the sturdy not excessive growth of side shoot, have the crown type of shape as grape vine, partly uprightly non-climbing up by holding on to property excessive growth, be conducive to the transport of nourishing and growing to underground stem tuber to accumulate, Tuber yields is high.
A cultivation method for radix tetrastigme, comprising:
(1) select transplantation of seedlings: choose radix tetrastigme nursery stock, after pruning, transplant the hillside to long-term cool place humidity northwards;
(2) dwarf treatment: spring and autumn, treats that the shoot that radix tetrastigme sprouts grows to 5 ~ 6cm, sprayed chlormequat every 5 ~ 9 days to plant, spray 3 ~ 4 times continuously;
(3) pruning: during plant strain growth, erases the excessive growth branch of bud and prehensile in time;
When the trunk diameter of plant to be planted is 0.25 ~ 0.5cm, beam length be 0.8 ~ 1.0m and side shoot length is 0.3 ~ 0.4m, clip the top of trunk, and carry out pinching to side shoot, the side shoot after pinching stays 2 ~ 3 leaf pinching repeatedly;
Before sprouting to next year plant in the winter time, prune plant, stay 3 ~ 5 major branches, every is stayed 2 ~ 3 buds;
(4) step (2) and (3) 3 ~ 4 years are repeated;
(5) gather.
The present invention sprays chlormequat to radix tetrastigme plant in the course of cultivation, its trunk and each side shoot is made to downgrade not excessive growth, in dwarf treatment process, the opportunity that the shoot selecting radix tetrastigme to sprout grows to 5 ~ 6cm processes, now, the suitable length of branch, is conducive to moulding good stand form, and can reaches good Dwarf Effect on Dwarf by repeated multiple times spraying.In addition, during plant strain growth, coordinate suitable pruning, make the radix tetrastigme formation of wildness as the rattan crown type of cultivating grape, partly uprightly non-climbing up by holding on to property excessive growth, is conducive to the transport of nourishing and growing to underground stem tuber and accumulates, not only be convenient to management, effectively can also prevent from nourishing and growing prosperous, be conducive to the in good time nutrition accumulated by branches and leaves to the transport of underground stem tuber, improve the output of radix tetrastigme.
Described radix tetrastigme can be large leaf type radix tetrastigme kind, and specifically can be selected from the landrace (source, Qianjiang kind) in source, Region of Kaihua County Qianjiang, the healthy and strong nursery stock chosen answers well developed root system, and root shape is sturdy.The each internode of radix tetrastigme forms the ability extra-heavy of root system, and cuttage, propagation by layering and tissue cultures can be borrowed to obtain a large amount of seedling in a short time.But the seedling obtained in such ways is all comparatively small and weak, is unfavorable for cultivation management.Therefore, described radix tetrastigme nursery stock is generally the nursery stock of the above next year cutting survival of seedling age life in 1 year, and at this moment height of seedling is about more than 0.5m, and the radix tetrastigme nursery stock of such seedling age has had stem and the branch of certain form, is convenient to Optimum Cultivation shaping.
Follow-up moulding for being convenient to further, when pruning radix tetrastigme nursery stock, retain trunk 0.50 ~ 0.60m and 4 ~ 5, upper end major branch, each major branch retains 2 ~ 3 buds.
Because radix tetrastigme happiness is cloudy, need avoid high light direct projection, in order to avoid tender leaf of burning, should select the moist hillside in long-term cool place northwards, soil is permeable air capacity of soils, and good sandy soil earth is transplanted, and transplanting time is generally late March.
During dwarf treatment, the concentration of described chlormequat is 1000 ~ 1500ppm, and each every strain sprays 30 ~ 40mL.This concentration and usage amount can play the effect of good dwarfed plant, and transfer the radix tetrastigme still with liana winding characteristic climbing growth habit to brachyplast short dry common rattan characteristic, preferably, the concentration of described chlormequat is 1500ppm, and each every strain sprays 40mL.
In the process of growth of plant, rich water quality management also affects the output of building up of plant forms and radix tetrastigme.During transplanting, apply in soil containing nitrogen base fertilizer, for avoiding the excessive growth of plant, not applied nitrogen within the vegetative period of plant, but phosphorus potash fertilizer should be used, to make stem stalk sturdy, promote the growth of plant root, the increase of block root, meet the demand of plant reproductive growth, improve output; The Shi Bugan that waters does not water, and waters, and irrigates.Wherein, described can be ash or chicken manure containing nitrogen base fertilizer.Described phosphorus potash fertilizer can be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1 ~ 0.2% for concentration.
Fertilizing method during plant strain growth is specifically as follows: spring and autumn, sprays a phosphorus potash fertilizer, spray 2 ~ 3 times continuously every 3 weeks, and each every strain sprays 30 ~ 40ml; 7 the end of month and 10 the end of month, when trunk and side shoot stop growing, spray a phosphorus potash fertilizer, spray 2 ~ 3 times continuously every 6 ~ 7 days, each every strain sprays 30 ~ 40ml.When trunk and side shoot stop growing, plant, from nourishing and growing to reproductive growth conversion, now increases the frequency of administration of phosphorus potash fertilizer, impels growing and nutrient accumulation of radix tetrastigme block root.
By above measure repeatedly repeatedly, make its trunk and each side shoot downgrade not excessive growth, sturdy lignification, through the cultivation of 3 ~ 4 years, the radix tetrastigme of tree-like stable, high yield can be obtained.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention is by using chlormequat in the course of cultivation, makes its trunk and each side shoot downgrade not excessive growth, half upright simple and easy plantation but not wildness climb up by holding on to excessive growth, be conducive to cultivation management and scale commodity production.
(2) on the basis of dwarf treatment, by controlling fertile control water, timely pinching bud picking, coordinate suitable pruning, make the radix tetrastigme formation of wildness as the crown type of grape vine, in cultivation, do not need attachment to climb up by holding on to thing, can effectively prevent from nourishing and growing prosperous, be conducive to the transport of nutrition to underground stem tuber of in good time branches and leaves accumulation, obtain high yield, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
This embodiment selects large leaf type radix tetrastigme, comes from the landrace (this special kind can be bought in Zhejiang Prov. Chinese Medicine Inst) in source, Region of Kaihua County Qianjiang for cultivation object.
Cultivation method comprises:
(1) selection of seedling: select more than life in the 1 year next year well developed root system of cutting survival, the nursery stock of healthy and strong trunk seedling long more than 0.5m late March in early spring (before and after 25 days) to radix tetrastigme nursery stock garden.
(2) stem branch process: before transplanting, carries out pruning modes to radix tetrastigme nursery stock acrial part, and retain trunk 0.50m and 4, upper end major branch, and each major branch stays 3 buds, other branches and tendrils are all wiped out;
(3) planting environment: the root system taking complete nursery stock, to transplant in Chang Huazhen Zhu Xue village, Linan, Zhejiang the moist and sandy soil earth hillside that permeable air capacity of soils is good in cool place northwards throughout the year, planting density is 60cm × 60cm (seeding row spacing);
(4) dwarfing culture: after spring, (starting at the beginning of-5 months by the end of April) sprouted branch 5 ~ 6cm, use the chlormequat of 1500ppm concentration to spray, sprayed once every 1 week, each every strain sprays 40mL, sprays 4 times continuously; After autumn (late September is to early October) shoot sprouts 5 ~ 6cm, every 1 week, spray the chlormequat of 1000ppm concentration to plant, sprayed once every 1 week, each every strain sprays 30mL, sprays 3 times continuously;
(5) rich water quality management: during transplanting, puts on the periphery (mu amount of application 30 kilograms) of radix tetrastigme nursery stock as matrix using the nitrogenous chicken manure become thoroughly decomposed completely; In spring, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.1%, sprayed 1 phosphorus potash fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1%), continuous spraying 3 times every 3 weeks, and each every strain sprays 30mL; In autumn, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2%, executes and sprayed 1 phosphorus potash fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%) every 3 weeks, spray 2 times continuously, and each every strain sprays 40mL; Enter midsummer (by the end of July) and late autumn (by the end of October), when trunk and side shoot grow stopping substantially, enrich the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%, spray 1 phosphorus potash fertilizer, spray 3 times continuously every 1 week, each every strain sprays 40mL.Throughout the growing season, the Shi Bugan that waters does not water, and waters, and irrigates.
(6) pruning: erase the bud sprouted with shoot during spring in time, spring and autumn removes the excessive growth twig of prehensile in time, and pinching is carried out to enriching shoot, trunk diameter reaches 0.25 ~ 0.5cm, length 0.8 ~ 1.0m, side shoot length 0.3 ~ 0.4m, as the shaping standard of trunk and side shoot, now go to top (clipping the top of trunk) and carry out pinching to side shoot, the sublateral shoot after pinching stays 2 leaf pinching repeatedly; Before sprouting to next year in the winter time, prune, stay 4 major branches, each major branch branch stays 3 buds;
(7) repeat step (4)-(6) 3 years, gather and obtain the high radix tetrastigme stem tuber be used as medicine of output.
Through the actual product ratio of cultivation yield, adopt culture technique of the present invention to carry out radix tetrastigme and produce cultivation, per mu yield can reach 50 kilograms, and the radix tetrastigme of general cultivation, show as the excessive growth of climbing up by holding on to property of typical case, output is very low, and per mu yield is only 10 kilograms.
Claims (9)
1. a cultivation method for radix tetrastigme, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) select transplantation of seedlings: choose radix tetrastigme nursery stock, after pruning, transplant the hillside to long-term cool place humidity northwards;
(2) dwarf treatment: spring and autumn, treats that the shoot that radix tetrastigme sprouts grows to 5 ~ 6cm, sprayed chlormequat every 5 ~ 9 days to plant, spray 3 ~ 4 times continuously;
(3) pruning: during plant strain growth, erases the excessive growth branch of bud and prehensile in time;
When the trunk diameter of plant to be planted is 0.25 ~ 0.5cm, beam length be 0.8 ~ 1.0m and side shoot length is 0.3 ~ 0.4m, clip the top of trunk, and carry out pinching to side shoot, the side shoot after pinching stays 2 ~ 3 leaf pinching repeatedly;
Before sprouting to next year plant in the winter time, prune plant, stay 3 ~ 5 major branches, every is stayed 2 ~ 3 buds;
(4) step (2) and (3) 3 ~ 4 years are repeated;
(5) gather.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described radix tetrastigme nursery stock is the nursery stock of next year cutting survival more than seedling age life in 1 year.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when pruning radix tetrastigme nursery stock, retain trunk 0.50 ~ 0.60m and 4 ~ 5, upper end major branch, each major branch retains 2 ~ 3 buds.
4. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the soil of described hillside is sandy soil earth.
5. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concentration of described chlormequat is 1000 ~ 1500ppm, and each every strain sprays 30 ~ 40mL.
6. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, during transplanting, applies containing nitrogen base fertilizer, use phosphorus potash fertilizer, not applied nitrogen within the vegetative period of plant in soil; The Shi Bugan that waters does not water, and waters, and irrigates.
7. cultivation method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described is ash or chicken manure containing nitrogen base fertilizer.
8. cultivation method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described phosphorus potash fertilizer to be concentration be 0.1 ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
9. cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, spring and autumn, sprays a phosphorus potash fertilizer, spray 2 ~ 3 times continuously every 3 weeks, and each every strain sprays 30 ~ 40ml; 7 the end of month and 10 the end of month, when trunk and side shoot stop growing, spray a phosphorus potash fertilizer, spray 2 ~ 3 times continuously every 6 ~ 7 days, each every strain sprays 30 ~ 40ml.
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| CN104737749B (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2017-02-01 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Method for bionics wild cultivation of radix tetrastigme in tea-oil tree grown forest or evergreen broad-leaf forest |
| CN104737770B (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2017-05-31 | 詹月星 | The cultural method that a kind of shoulder pole rattan quickly breeds |
| CN104938202A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-09-30 | 缙云县问松堂中药材专业合作社 | Simulated wild planting method for hemsleyrockvine roots |
| CN108293637A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-07-20 | 红河州丰茂农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of imitative wild bamboo forest the cultural method of radix tetrastigme |
| CN108293708A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-07-20 | 红河州丰茂农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of imitative wild fruit-bearing forest the cultural method of radix tetrastigme |
| CN108293639A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-07-20 | 红河州丰茂农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of radix tetrastigme pseudo-wild cultivating new method |
| CN108293638A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-07-20 | 红河州丰茂农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of radix tetrastigme imitates wild pineland cultural method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102119625A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-07-13 | 浙江省中医药研究院 | Artificial cultivation method of hemsley rockvine root |
| CN102919013A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-13 | 丽水市汉方生物科技有限公司 | High-efficiency imitative wild cultivation method for Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg |
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