CN110326481A - A kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110326481A CN110326481A CN201910671138.7A CN201910671138A CN110326481A CN 110326481 A CN110326481 A CN 110326481A CN 201910671138 A CN201910671138 A CN 201910671138A CN 110326481 A CN110326481 A CN 110326481A
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- ginkgo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural methods, specifically include: (1) planting readjustment of field plot；(2) cultivating seedlings；(3) stem cutting strunk；(4) promote bud to sprout；(5) branch cutting strunk；(6) follow-up management.Ginkgo shrubization cultural method of the invention, control branch length are conducive to blade harvesting, alleviate labor intensity in 1.5m or so.Branches and leaves piece of the flavones content compared with growth 5~6 years or more is high by 5% or more in newborn branch blade, and leaf product value is high, and sale proceeds is good.Further, the branch under intermediate cutting can be used as biomass fuel application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to horticultural gardening method fields, and in particular to a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method.
Background technique
Ginkgo (scientific name: Ginkgo biloba L.) is Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo deciduous tree, and initial ginkgo cultivation is main
With afforest it is ornamental based on, rear development is that fruit material is dual-purpose, the planting type based on fruit picking is then developed into, due to the spy of ginkgo leaf
Different value, the novel planting type based on picking leaves come into being, and picking leaves cultivation uses the planting type of " short, close, early, rich ",
Need ginkgo plant that should not infinitely grow tall, the content of GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT is relatively also high in newborn branch blade.For this purpose, for convenient for picking leaves
With improve leaf quality, need ginkgo plant carrying out bush type culture, need to change into the growth pattern based on ginkgo stem
The growth pattern of growing thickly of multi-branched guarantees the convenient and safe of acquisition blade, at the same time it can also improve the quality of Folium Ginkgo.
Currently, Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultivation is most of to use dense planting mode, with the increase of seedling age, gradually by field planting density
Drop to 3500 plants or so from 5000 plants of seedling or so, 4~5 years raw ginkgo plant heights in 1.8~2.0m, blade it is more it is raw on
Portion there is no blade in near-earth 50cm ginkgo plants stems, and with the increase of seedling age, the flavones content in blade can be reduced.
Furthermore plant is high, is unfavorable for later period picking leaves.Currently, in Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo cultivation, generally at seedling age 6~7 years, high position cutting strunk was primary,
50~60cm of dry height is stayed, middle part bud is sprouted, and is conducive to later period picking leaves to a certain extent, but existing cultural method can not fill
The characteristic of ginkgo middle and lower part leaf growth is waved in distribution, and newborn branch is still on top, and slow growth.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method, using low level cutting strunk, induces
Low level bud promotes newborn branch fast-growth, and the flavones content of newborn branch blade is high, and blade value is high.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1) plants readjustment of field plot: selection topography is smooth, fills the convenient plot of draining, excavates longitudinal row every 4~5m
Water dead furrow 1, transverse drain ditch 1 is excavated every 30~50m, growing surface is intermediate 5~10cm higher than two sides in carinate；
Step 2) cultivating seedlings: live streaming seedling, 3000~4000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing or transplanted seedling select 2~triennial
Seedling, 2000~2500 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, autumn and winter heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer；
Step 3) stem cutting strunk: selection seedling age 3~4 years, the healthy seedling of plant height 100~120cm, root diameter 1cm or more, November
Bar is cut to March next year, stays 20~30cm of dry height, stem retains healthy bud eye 3~5；
Step 4) promotees bud and sprouts: late March to spray mid-April regulator induces nearly root bud to sprout, every 7~10
Its spray is with once, and continuous spray is with 2~3 times；
Step 5) branch cutting strunk: after stem cutting strunk during 2~3 years, normal management, when Branch diameter reaches 1cm, by ground
2~3, top branch cutting strunk retains branch and does 5~10cm of length, stays healthy bud 3~5；
Step 6) follow-up management: it every year in late March to spray mid-April growth regulator, sprayed every 7~10 days with one
Secondary, continuous spray is with 2~3 times；Autumn and winter root application compound fertilizer, growth period chase after use " nitrogenous fertilizer+ferrous sulfate " 2~3 times；It has ultimately formed
The ginkgo plant that 9~11 branches are grown thickly；Annual intermediate cutting 3~5, branch, when intermediate cutting, the cutting 3~5cm of branch root at；Together
When induce other new shoot growths.
Preferably, the standard of step 1) the longitudinal drainage dead furrow is width 15cm suitable for reading, lower mouth width degree 20cm, depth
15cm, the standard of the transverse drain ditch are width 80cm suitable for reading, lower mouth width degree 60cm, depth 50cm.
Preferably, the amount of application of the step 2) phosphate fertilizer is 15~20kg/ mu, the amount of application of the compound fertilizer for 75~
100kg/ mus.
Preferably, the step 4) regulator is gibberellin or brassin lactones, and extension rate is 1000~1500 times.
Preferably, the step 6) growth regulator be the basic element of cell division or brassin lactones, extension rate be 1000~
1500 times.
Preferably, the amount of application of the step 6) compound fertilizer is 50~75kg/ mus.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
Ginkgo shrubization cultural method of the invention, control branch length control stem life in 1.5m or so, by cutting strunk
It is long, bushes are formed, is conducive to blade harvesting, alleviates labor intensity.Flavones content relatively growth 5~6 in newborn branch blade
Year or more branches and leaves piece it is high by 5% or more, leaf product value is high, and sale proceeds is good.Further, the branch under intermediate cutting can be used as
Biomass fuel application.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further elaborated in following combination specific embodiment.
A kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) plant readjustment of field plot: selection topography is smooth, fills the convenient plot of draining, excavates longitudinal drainage moisture in the soil every 4~5m
1, ditch, standard is width 15cm suitable for reading, lower mouth width degree 20cm, depth 15cm；Transverse drain ditch 1 is excavated every 30~50m,
Standard is width 80cm suitable for reading, lower mouth width degree 60cm, depth 50cm；Growing surface is intermediate 5~10cm higher than two sides in carinate.
(2) cultivating seedlings: live streaming seedling, 3000~4000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing or transplanted seedling select 2~triennial seedling,
2000~2500 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, autumn and winter heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer (15~20kg/ mus), compound fertilizer's (75~100kg/ mus) promote root
System's growth, nurturing staff.
(3) stem cutting strunk: selection seedling age 3~4 years, the healthy seedling of plant height 100~120cm, root diameter 1cm or more, Winter-Spring (11
The moon to March next year) bar is cut, 20~30cm of dry height is stayed, stem retains health bud eye 3~5.
(4) promote bud to sprout: late March to spray mid-April regulator induces nearly root bud to sprout, and regulator is red mould
Element or brassin lactones etc., extension rate are 1000~1500 times, and every spray in 7~10 days with once, continuous spray is with 2~3 times.
(5) branch cutting strunk: after stem cutting strunk during 2~3 years, normal management will when Branch diameter reaches 1cm or so
2~3 branch cutting strunks of overground part retain branch and do 5~10cm of length, stay healthy bud 3~5.
(6) follow-up management: every year in late March to spray mid-April growth regulator, growth regulator is cell division
Plain (6- benzylaminopurine and kinetin) or brassin lactones etc., extension rate are 1000~1500 times, are sprayed every 7~10 days
With primary, continuous spray is with 2~3 times；Autumn and winter root application compound fertilizer (50~75kg/ mus), growth period chase after use " nitrogenous fertilizer+ferrous sulfate "
2~3 times；Ultimately form the ginkgo plant that 9~11 branches are grown thickly；For guarantee leaf quality, 3~5, annual intermediate cutting branch,
When intermediate cutting, cut at 3~5cm of branch root；Other new shoot growths are induced simultaneously.
Embodiment 1
Yancheng City Jia You agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd has more than 4000 mu of Leaf-harvesting Ginkgo, and seeding and seedling raising in 2013 grows directly from seeds for the year
2.5~3.0 ten thousand plants of seedling mu density, seedling mu density is adjusted to 4000 plants or so within 2014 to 2015 years.Winter in 2016, company's salt all
100 mu of ginkgo Tanakas use cutting strunk technology in the planting base of the town Qu Longgang, stay dry 30cm, winter base manure compound fertilizer after cutting strunk
(15N-15P2O5-15K2O)100kg.Spring in 2017, new 3~4, branch, current growth 50cm or more out, in October, 2018, mu
Compound fertilizer 75kg, phosphate fertilizer 15kg are applied, strong growth is promoted, winter branch cutting strunk stays length 5cm or so, measures ginko leaves flavone
Content is 1.02%, and the leaf flavone content of the same period non-cutting strunk seedling is 0.83%.In May, 2019, the spray basic element of cell division (dilution
1000 times) promote bud-leaf growth, until in June, 2019, single plant has branch amount 9~11, and Secondary branches branch length is on the left side 40cm
The right side, ginkgo branch are grown thickly.
And the ginkgo of the not cutting strunk of same period plantation has reached 2.5m or more, middle and upper part branch (long shoot) 6, lower part base
It is brachyplast on this or is stem leaf, at later stages, middle and lower part blade can falls off.Upper blade is because of a high position, membership dues when harvesting
Expenses of labour power, inefficiencies, and harvest incomplete.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1) plants readjustment of field plot: selection topography is smooth, fills the convenient plot of draining, excavates longitudinal drainage moisture in the soil every 4~5m
1, ditch, transverse drain ditch 1 is excavated every 30~50m, growing surface is intermediate 5~10cm higher than two sides in carinate；
Step 2) cultivating seedlings: live streaming seedling, 3000~4000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing or transplanted seedling select 2~triennial seedling,
2000~2500 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, autumn and winter heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer；
Step 3) stem cutting strunk: selection seedling age 3~4 years, the healthy seedling of plant height 100~120cm, root diameter 1cm or more, November is to secondary
March in year cuts bar, stays 20~30cm of dry height, and stem retains health bud eye 3~5；
Step 4) promotees bud and sprouts: late March to spray mid-April regulator induces nearly root bud to sprout, and sprays every 7~10 days
With primary, continuous spray is with 2~3 times；
Step 5) branch cutting strunk: after stem cutting strunk during 2~3 years, normal management, when Branch diameter reaches 1cm, by overground part
2~3 branch cutting strunks retain branch and do 5~10cm of length, stay healthy bud 3~5；
Step 6) follow-up management: every year in late March to spray mid-April growth regulator, using once every spray in 7~10 days,
Continuous spray is with 2~3 times；Autumn and winter root application compound fertilizer, growth period chase after use " nitrogenous fertilizer+ferrous sulfate " 2~3 times；Ultimately form 9~
The ginkgo plant that 11 branches are grown thickly；Annual intermediate cutting 3~5, branch, when intermediate cutting, the cutting 3~5cm of branch root at；Simultaneously
Induce other new shoot growths.
2. a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) longitudinal drainage
The standard of dead furrow is width 15cm suitable for reading, lower mouth width degree 20cm, depth 15cm, and the standard of the transverse drain ditch is width suitable for reading
80cm, lower mouth width degree 60cm, depth 50cm.
3. a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2) phosphate fertilizer is applied
Dosage is 15~20kg/ mus, and the amount of application of the compound fertilizer is 75~100kg/ mus.
4. a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4) regulator is
Gibberellin or brassin lactones, extension rate are 1000~1500 times.
5. a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 6) growth regulating
Agent is the basic element of cell division or brassin lactones, and extension rate is 1000~1500 times.
6. a kind of ginkgo shrubization cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 6) compound fertilizer
Amount of application is 50~75kg/ mus.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110754277A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-07 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Forestation method for medicinal high-yield forests of artificial taxus chinensis |
| CN110800593A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-18 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Taxus chinensis bonsai cultivation method |
| CN112189495A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-08 | 盐城工学院 | Planting method of leaf gingko |
| CN112931012A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 南京林业大学 | Leaf-used ginkgo ridge culture planting method |
| CN114208573A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-22 | 扬州大学 | Pruning method for promoting growth of leaf ginkgo seedlings and accumulation of medicinal effective components |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110754277A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-07 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Forestation method for medicinal high-yield forests of artificial taxus chinensis |
| CN110800593A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-18 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Taxus chinensis bonsai cultivation method |
| CN112189495A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-08 | 盐城工学院 | Planting method of leaf gingko |
| CN112931012A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 南京林业大学 | Leaf-used ginkgo ridge culture planting method |
| CN114208573A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-22 | 扬州大学 | Pruning method for promoting growth of leaf ginkgo seedlings and accumulation of medicinal effective components |
| CN114208573B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2024-01-23 | 扬州大学 | Pruning method for promoting growth of ginkgo seedling for leaves and accumulation of medicinal active ingredients |
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