CN110547166A - method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high-gradient forest - Google Patents
method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high-gradient forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN110547166A CN110547166A CN201910974883.9A CN201910974883A CN110547166A CN 110547166 A CN110547166 A CN 110547166A CN 201910974883 A CN201910974883 A CN 201910974883A CN 110547166 A CN110547166 A CN 110547166A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
Abstract
the invention discloses a method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high slope forest, which comprises seven aspects of seedling propagation, forest land selection, land preparation, root control device placement, seedling transplantation, under-forest management, pest control, harvesting and primary processing, wherein the method mainly comprises the steps of selecting forest lands which are difficult to ridge and land neatly, such as hybrid forests, bamboo forests, broad-leaved forests and the like with slopes larger than 25 degrees, planting seedlings or seed stems (with buds facing upwards) in the root control device, and applying special formula base fertilizer and Chinese medicinal material special cultivation medium for cultivation. The method for implementing high-gradient understory cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema can solve the problems that the utilization efficiency of the current woodland is low, the workload of impurity removal is large, the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is low, soil-borne diseases are serious, the yield and the quality of polygonatum cyrtonema are influenced and the like in the traditional understory ridge-forming cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema, the content of the effective components of the obtained medicinal materials is consistent, stable and reliable, can reach the standard of polygonatum in 2015 edition, and has good popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high-gradient forests.
Background
the existing polygonatum cyrtonema under-forest cultivation technology has the following four problems, firstly, polygonatum cyrtonema is not easy to be ridged and cultivated in high-gradient forest lands, so that the utilization efficiency of the forest lands is low; secondly, the under-forest ridge forming cultivation has large impurity clearing workload and higher planting cost; thirdly, under-forest ridge forming cultivation or wild imitating cultivation causes increasingly serious plant diseases and insect pests due to the infection source accumulation effect, and influences the yield and quality of polygonatum cyrtonema; fourthly, the cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema by ridging under the forest is easily affected by flood and soil conditions of the field, and the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is low.
the invention discloses a method for root-limited cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under a high-slope forest, which can effectively solve the utilization problem of the high-slope forest land, reduce the workload of impurity removal and the labor cost for planting under the forest, reduce the influence of flood and soil conditions in the field on the cultivation or growth of polygonatum cyrtonema, improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, and reduce the influence of soil-borne diseases on the yield of polygonatum cyrtonema.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high-slope forests, which can solve the problems that the utilization efficiency of the forests is low, the workload of impurity removal is large, and the traditional method for ridge-forming cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under forests has low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer and serious soil-borne diseases, influences the yield and quality of polygonatum cyrtonema and the like.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high slope forests comprises seven aspects of seedling propagation, forest land selection, land preparation, root controller placement, seedling transplantation, management under forests, pest control, harvesting and preliminary processing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Seedling propagation:
a) preparing seed seedlings, namely harvesting berries with dark red or purple black peel in ten days from late 10 months to late 11 months, piling up the berries, fermenting, rubbing and rinsing, sorting out full and unbroken seeds, uniformly mixing the seeds and fine river sand according to the weight ratio of 1:3, storing at 3-5 ℃ for 2-3 months to keep the seeds wet, applying a special cultivation substrate (prepared according to ZL 201410228080.6) of a traditional Chinese medicine material in combination with a bed, wherein the cultivation substrate is 500 kg/hm 2 -750 kg/hm 2, sowing in the middle ten days from the early 1 month to the middle 2 months, pouring 30wt% of ferrous sulfate solution or 0.3wt% of potassium permanganate solution through the seedbed before sowing for disinfection, then adopting strip sowing or broadcast sowing, timely removing weeds to remove early, removing small seedlings and removing seedlings, and preparing for transplanting when more than 10% of seedlings come out of earth, pouring 1.0wt% to 1.5wt% of the special cultivation substrate of the traditional Chinese medicine material in every 30 days, and pouring the water or the water solution of the special cultivation substrate or the traditional Chinese medicine material when the fresh weight is about 5g, and the seedling number is 5 cm;
b) the preparation of tissue culture seedlings comprises collecting tubers of 1-2 year-old healthy plants from late 2 months to late 3 months, or collecting seeds of 1-2 year-old healthy plants without damage, maturity and plump as explants from late 10 months to late 11 months, washing the tubers with sterile water, cutting the tubers into small blocks of 0.5-1 cm 2, then disinfecting with 75wt% alcohol for 30s, washing with sterile water for 2 times, disinfecting with 5wt% solution for 18min, disinfecting with 0.1wt% mercuric chloride solution for 4 times, disinfecting for 15min, washing with sterile water for 6 times, or washing the seeds with running water, draining, disinfecting with 75wt% alcohol for 30s, washing with sterile water for 3 times, disinfecting with 2wt% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15min, disinfecting with 0.1wt% mercuric chloride solution for 14min, disinfecting with sterile water for 6 times, transferring to MS 1.0 mg/L6-350.2 mg/L2 mg/5 mg/L after sterile water absorption, transplanting the seedlings to a culture medium with the root growth temperature of 50-3000 mg, and the root growth of seedlings is carried out under the conditions that the light is 50 mg, the root growth is 50 g, the root growth is carried out when the seedling culture medium is 50 g, the seedling culture medium is changed to the seedling culture medium, the root growth is carried out under the conditions of NAx 5g, the seedling culture medium is 50-3000 g, the root growth is carried out, the seedling culture medium, the seedling culture temperature is carried out, the seedling culture medium is carried out, the;
c) preparation of tuber seedlings: selecting a full 1-2-year-old plant tuber part with terminal buds, cutting the plant tuber part into small blocks with the length of 2.5-3.0 cm, drying in the shade, dipping plant ash in the small blocks, and preparing seeds; burying the treated bud-bearing tuber stems on a seedbed at intervals of 5-10 cm between 10 months and 2 months in the next year, uniformly covering a layer of substrate with the thickness of 5cm (the substrate is prepared by mixing river sand, vermiculite and peat soil according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 1), watering thoroughly, and covering a double-layer sunshade net; weeding in time, managing the same seed seedlings by using fertilizer and water, and preparing for transplanting when the fresh weight of the seedlings is more than or equal to 25g, the bud length is more than or equal to 1.5cm, and the number of roots is more than or equal to 5;
2) Selecting a forest land: selecting forest lands such as mixed forests, bamboo forests and broad-leaved forests with gradient larger than 25 degrees and difficult to ridge and furrow, wherein the canopy density is preferably 40-60% (if the canopy density is larger than 60%, the canopy density of the forest trees is adjusted by thinning or pruning);
3) preparing soil and placing root control devices, namely selecting a forest land with the thickness of 0.8 ~ 1.0.0 m 2, removing impurities, digging surface soil with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, placing the surface soil outside a limited cultivation container, and burying the root control devices in soil pits with the depth of 10-15 cm;
4) Transplanting seedlings: before transplanting, soaking the seedlings in 800-1000 times of 500wt% carbendazim or 70wt% thiophanate methyl for 5-7 min for disinfection; then, in the late 10 th ten days to 2 months in the next year, surface soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm is backfilled in the placed root control device, then 1.5 kg-2.0 kg of base fertilizer with the thickness of 5-8 cm is added on the surface soil (the base fertilizer is formed by taking organic fertilizer as a main material and adding inorganic fertilizer in a mixed mode, wherein the using amount of the inorganic fertilizer accounts for 10% -15% of the total weight of the base fertilizer, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45% of the organic fertilizer, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 6.0; N: P: K =10:12: 23) in the inorganic fertilizer, then sterilized humus soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm is covered on the base fertilizer, then sterilized seedlings or seed stems are planted in the root control device in a mode that buds face up, 3 plants are planted in each container, finally, a special cultivation substrate with the thickness of 5-8 cm is applied on the special cultivation substrate, sterilized humus soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm is covered on;
5) Managing under forest:
(1) weeding: weeding for 3-5 times per year; after the upper part of polygonatum cyrtonema falls down in winter, removing weeds and patrinia scabiosaefolia link, and burning out the polygonatum cyrtonema link in a centralized manner;
(2) Topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 2 times every year, 0.1 kg-0.2 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer (fruit setting fertilizer) is broadcast in each root controller (the ratio of N, P, K in the high-potassium compound fertilizer is 6:6: 28) in the first fruiting period of 6 months, and topdressing is carried out for the second time in the late autumn and early winter, after the overground part of polygonatum cyrtonema falls, namely 0.5 kg-1.0 kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent and total nutrient is more than or equal to 6.0);
(3) Picking flowers and removing tops: removing buds from the first ten days of the month 5 to the last ten days of the year before the formation of the buds, and cutting off the buds in the first 6 days of the month:
(4) Water content management: watering in time in drought period, and draining waterlogging in time in rainy season so as to ensure that the planting base has no accumulated water;
6) And (3) pest control: carrying out pest investigation, aiming at main pests of polygonatum cyrtonema, adopting an integrated control method to control the main pests in time according to a plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and integrated control':
(1) anthracnose: a disease caused by colletotrichum fungus mainly harms leaves and berries of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua; the disease reaches the peak period of disease onset from late 7 to late 8, small black spots are found in the disease onset parts such as leaves, fruits and the like in 9 months, and the pathogen overwinter on the patrinia scabiosaefolia leaves or weeds in the form of conidia or chlamydospores;
The control method comprises the following steps: after the upper part of the plant withers, cleaning the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia, burning out the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia intensively, and reducing infection sources; at the early stage of disease onset or under the condition of serious local diseases, the diseased leaves or diseased plants can be artificially cut off and burnt out in a concentrated manner;
In the initial stage of disease occurrence, continuously spraying 10wt% of difenoconazole water dispersant 800-1000 times liquid or 25wt% of prochloraz 800-1000 times liquid or 75wt% of trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole 2000-2500 times liquid or 40wt% of flusilazole 5000-6000 times liquid for 3 times, wherein the interval is 3-4 days each time (attention is paid to alternative application of the medicines so as to avoid generation of drug resistance);
(2) Leaf blight: a disease caused by fungi, which mainly damages polygonatum cyrtonema leaves; the leaf apex and the leaf margin firstly turn yellow, the later infected part turns grayish brown and necroses, conidia are mature and spread along with rainwater and airflow, the initial period of the disease is in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, and the peak period is in the middle and late ten days of 8 months;
the control method comprises the following steps: after the upper part of the plant withers, cleaning the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia, burning out the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia intensively, and reducing infection sources; at the early stage of disease onset or under the condition of serious local diseases, the diseased leaves or diseased plants can be artificially cut off and burnt out in a concentrated manner;
in the early stage of disease development, 50wt% of carbendazim 500-800 times liquid or 6.25wt% of leucasone (azomethine-fludioxonil) 2000-3000 times liquid or 80wt% of mancozeb 600-800 times liquid or 25wt% of pyraclostrobin 2500-3000 times liquid is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times, and the spraying is performed 3-4 days at intervals (attention is paid to alternative use of medicaments so as to prevent pathogenic bacteria from generating drug resistance);
(3) Stem rot: a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium fungus mainly harms Polygonatum sibiricum stem base; the base of the initial stem appears light brown spots, and the later scabs are gradually enlarged to form oval or irregular scabs; the initial period of the disease reaches the peak period from the middle of 5 months to the last of 8 months;
The control method comprises the following steps: after the upper part of the plant withers, cleaning the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia, burning out the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia intensively, and reducing infection sources; at the early stage of disease onset or under the condition of serious local diseases, the diseased leaves or diseased plants can be artificially cut off and burnt out intensively.
in the early stage of disease occurrence, continuously spraying 50wt% carbendazim 500-800 times liquid or 6.25wt% leucade (fludioxonil) 2000-3000 times liquid or 80wt% mancozeb 600-800 times liquid for 3 times, wherein the interval is 3-4 days each time (attention is paid to alternative application of medicines to avoid generation of drug resistance);
(4) Black spot: a fungal disease, which mainly damages polygonatum cyrtonema leaves; at the early stage of disease occurrence, the leaf tip part begins to appear yellow brown irregular disease spots, the edges of the disease spots are purplish red, the disease spots continuously spread and spread along with the development of the disease, and finally the whole leaf withers, so that the disease condition is more serious in rainy season; the disease starts to be developed at the beginning of 7 months, and the peak period of the disease is in the middle and last ten days of 8 months;
The control method comprises the following steps: after the upper part of the plant withers, cleaning the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia, burning out the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia intensively, and reducing infection sources; at the early stage of disease onset or under the condition of serious local diseases, the diseased leaves or diseased plants can be artificially cut off and burnt out in a concentrated manner;
in the early stage of disease attack, spraying 1:100 Bordeaux mixture for 3 times at intervals of 3-4 days; or continuously spraying 80wt% mancozeb 600-800 times diluent, 50wt% mepiquat chloride 800-1000 times diluent or 70wt% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times diluent for 3 times, wherein the interval is 3-4 days each time (attention is paid to alternative application to avoid drug resistance);
(5) Bean and turnip: coleoptera Meloidae insects mainly harm Polygonatum sibiricum leaves, particularly like eating young and tender leaves, the leaves are bitten into holes or are notched or even eaten, only reticular veins are left, local plots are seriously damaged, and the density of insect mouths can reach 5-7 heads per square meter;
The control method comprises the following steps: when the insect pest locally occurs and the quantity is small, the insect pest can be artificially trapped and killed; at the initial stage of occurrence, continuously spraying 80wt% of dichlorvos missible oil or 90wt% of crystal 1000-2500 times liquid or 10wt% of beta-cypermethrin 1000-1500 times liquid for 3 times, and taking 3-4 days at intervals (taking care of alternative application to avoid drug resistance);
7) harvesting and primary processing: harvesting tuber seedlings and tissue culture seedlings of polygonatum cyrtonema for 4-6 years, and harvesting seeds for 5-7 years, wherein the harvesting is from 11 months to 2 months; harvesting tubers after the upper part of the plant is lodged; cleaning soil of the harvested tubers, removing fibrous roots and scars, steaming for 10-20 min, taking out and airing the tubers, and rubbing while airing.
The root controller used in the operation is not provided with a base plate, the height of the surrounding edge is 40-50 cm, and the diameter of the base plate is 50-60 cm.
Compared with the existing under-forest cultivation technology of polygonatum cyrtonema, the method has the following four technical advantages:
firstly, the method can effectively solve the problems of low utilization rate of high-gradient forest lands (the forest lands with the gradient larger than 25 degrees) and high difficulty of under-forest interplanting technology, effectively improve the utilization rate of the forest lands and promote the under-forest economic development;
secondly, the adoption of the technology can reduce the workload of clearing impurities and the labor cost for planting under the forest, each container for limiting tillage only needs to clear impurities about 0.8 square meter, and compared with the prior art, the workload of clearing impurities is reduced by more than 50 percent, and the labor cost for planting is reduced by more than 10 percent;
Thirdly, the technology of the invention can reduce the influence of flood or soil conditions in the field on the cultivation or growth of polygonatum cyrtonema. When the polygonatum cyrtonema planted in ridges or planted under the wild-imitating forest is invaded by flood, the polygonatum cyrtonema is easy to fall down or is directly washed away, the ploughing-limiting container is more firmly buried in the soil, and the influence of the flood can be greatly reduced; the situation of the soil nutrition of the field has great influence on the growth of polygonatum cyrtonema which is cultivated in ridging or simulated wild cultivation, and the polygonatum cyrtonema which is cultivated by limited cultivation can artificially improve the soil according to the growth situation of the polygonatum cyrtonema and reduce the influence of the soil of the field on the growth of the polygonatum cyrtonema;
fourthly, the polygonatum cyrtonema is cultivated by adopting a limited tillage container, and diseased plants can be directly eliminated by replacing soil, fertilizer or matrix, so that the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria is effectively reduced, and the influence of soil-borne diseases on the yield of the polygonatum cyrtonema is reduced.
Detailed Description
in order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
the preparation method of the special culture medium for the traditional Chinese medicinal materials (refer to ZL 201410228080.6):
1) the preparation method of the strain mother seeds comprises the steps of taking waste fungus sticks after wood-rotting fungi such as lentinus edodes, black fungus and lucid ganoderma are cultivated by miscellaneous trees, removing plastic bags, crushing the waste fungus sticks to serve as strain raw materials, adding brown sugar which accounts for 0.5-3% of the weight of the strain raw materials, wheat bran which accounts for 3-10%, corn flour which accounts for 2-8%, ammonium bicarbonate which accounts for 1-7% and calcium superphosphate which accounts for 3-15% of the weight of the strain raw materials into a stirrer, stirring the mixture uniformly to serve as a strain composite material, fully mixing trichoderma viable spore raw powder (the effective viable count is more than or equal to 10 9 cfu/g) and the strain composite material according to the weight ratio of 1: 1000-;
2) Preparation of fermentation substrate: taking waste fungus sticks after wood-rotting fungi such as lentinus edodes, black fungus, lucid ganoderma and the like are cultivated by miscellaneous trees, removing plastic bags, crushing the waste fungus sticks, mixing the crushed waste fungus sticks with calcium superphosphate according to a weight ratio of 100-: 1, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a mixture; and then, mixing the fermented strain mother seeds with the mixture according to the weight ratio of 1: 100-250, evenly mixing and stirring, sealing with a plastic film, and composting for fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain a fermentation substrate for later use;
3) preparing a culture medium: before cultivation, adding 250 times of solution of zinc enoyl manganese and amino acid SODm 150-; then adding a spring leiomycins solution with the matrix volume of 300-fold and the mass fraction of 4%, or a carbendazim solution with the matrix volume of 400-fold and the mass fraction of 50%, or a thiophanate-methyl solution with the matrix volume of 500-fold and the mass fraction of 70%, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content of the matrix to be 25-30% to obtain the bactericide.
the root controller is not provided with a base plate, the height of the surrounding edge is 40-50 cm, and the diameter of the base plate is 50-60 cm.
examples
a method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high-gradient forests comprises the following specific steps:
1) Seedling propagation:
a) preparing seed seedlings, namely harvesting berries with dark red or purple black peel in ten days from 10 th to 11 th, piling up the berries for fermentation, rubbing and rinsing, sorting out full and unbroken seeds, uniformly mixing the seeds and fine river sand according to the weight ratio of 1:3, storing at 3-5 ℃ for 2-3 months to keep the seeds wet, applying 500 kg/hm 2 -750 kg/hm 2 of a special Chinese medicinal material culture medium in combination with a bed, then sowing in ten days from 1 st to 2 th of a month, pouring 30wt% of a ferrous sulfate solution or 0.3wt% of a potassium permanganate solution through the seedbed before sowing, then adopting drilling or broadcasting, removing weeds in time to remove early and small weeds, and preparing for transplanting when the number of seedlings above 10% grow out of soil, spraying or irrigating with 1.0wt% to 1.5wt% of a special Chinese medicinal material culture medium aqueous solution every 30 days, and preparing for transplanting when the seedlings have fresh weight of about 5g and height of more than 5 cm;
b) the preparation of tissue culture seedlings comprises collecting tubers of 1-2 year-old healthy plants from late 2 months to late 3 months, or collecting seeds of 1-2 year-old healthy plants without damage, maturity and plump as explants from late 10 months to late 11 months, washing the tubers with sterile water, cutting the tubers into small blocks of 0.5-1 cm 2, then disinfecting with 75wt% alcohol for 30s, washing with sterile water for 2 times, disinfecting with 5wt% solution for 18min, disinfecting with 0.1wt% mercuric chloride solution for 4 times, disinfecting for 15min, washing with sterile water for 6 times, or washing the seeds with running water, draining, disinfecting with 75wt% alcohol for 30s, washing with sterile water for 3 times, disinfecting with 2wt% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15min, disinfecting with 0.1wt% mercuric chloride solution for 14min, disinfecting with sterile water for 6 times, transferring to MS 1.0 mg/L6-350.2 mg/L2 mg/5 mg/L after sterile water absorption, transplanting the seedlings to a culture medium with the root growth temperature of 50-3000 mg, and the root growth of seedlings is carried out under the conditions that the light is 50 mg, the root growth is 50 g, the root growth is carried out when the seedling culture medium is 50 g, the seedling culture medium is changed to the seedling culture medium, the root growth is carried out under the conditions of NAx 5g, the seedling culture medium is 50-3000 g, the root growth is carried out, the seedling culture medium, the seedling culture temperature is carried out, the seedling culture medium is carried out, the;
c) preparation of tuber seedlings: selecting a full 1-2-year-old plant tuber part with terminal buds, cutting the plant tuber part into small blocks with the length of 2.5-3.0 cm, drying in the shade, dipping plant ash in the small blocks, and preparing seeds; burying the treated bud-bearing tuber stems on a seedbed at intervals of 5-10 cm between 10 months and 2 months in the next year, uniformly covering a layer of substrate with the thickness of 5cm (the substrate is prepared by mixing river sand, vermiculite and peat soil according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 1), watering thoroughly, and covering a double-layer sunshade net; weeding in time, managing the same seed seedlings by using fertilizer and water, and preparing for transplanting when the fresh weight of the seedlings is more than or equal to 25g, the bud length is more than or equal to 1.5cm, and the number of roots is more than or equal to 5;
2) selecting a forest land: selecting forest lands such as mixed forests, bamboo forests and broad-leaved forests with gradient larger than 25 degrees and difficult to ridge and furrow, wherein the canopy density is preferably 40-60% (if the canopy density is larger than 60%, the canopy density of the forest trees is adjusted by thinning or pruning);
3) Preparing soil and placing root control devices, namely selecting a forest land with the thickness of 0.8 ~ 1.0.0 m 2, removing impurities, digging surface soil with the thickness of 8 ~ 10cm, placing the surface soil outside a limited cultivation container, and burying the root control devices in soil pits with the depth of 10-15 cm;
4) transplanting seedlings: before transplanting, soaking the seedlings in 800-1000 times of 500wt% carbendazim or 70wt% thiophanate methyl for 5-7 min for disinfection; then, in the late 10 th ten days to 2 months in the next year, surface soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm is backfilled in the placed root control device, then 1.5 kg-2.0 kg of base fertilizer with the thickness of 5-8 cm is added on the surface soil (the base fertilizer is formed by taking organic fertilizer as a main material and adding inorganic fertilizer in a mixed mode, wherein the using amount of the inorganic fertilizer accounts for 10% -15% of the total weight of the base fertilizer, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45% of the organic fertilizer, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 6.0; N: P: K =10:12: 23) in the inorganic fertilizer, then sterilized humus soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm is covered on the base fertilizer, then sterilized seedlings or seed stems are planted in the root control device in a mode that buds face up, 3 plants are planted in each container, finally, a special cultivation substrate with the thickness of 5-8 cm is applied on the special cultivation substrate, and root fixing water is covered by the sterilized humus soil with the;
5) managing under forest:
(1) Weeding: weeding for 3-5 times per year; after the upper part of polygonatum cyrtonema falls down in winter, removing weeds and patrinia scabiosaefolia link, and burning out the polygonatum cyrtonema link in a centralized manner;
(2) topdressing: topdressing is carried out for 2 times every year, 0.1 kg-0.2 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer (fruit setting fertilizer) is broadcast in each root controller (the ratio of N, P, K in the high-potassium compound fertilizer is 6:6: 28) in the first fruiting period of 6 months, and topdressing is carried out for the second time in the late autumn and early winter, after the overground part of polygonatum cyrtonema falls, namely 0.5 kg-1.0 kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent and total nutrient is more than or equal to 6.0);
(3) picking flowers and removing tops: removing buds from the first ten days of the month 5 to the last ten days of the year before the formation of the buds, and cutting off the buds in the first 6 days of the month:
(4) Water content management: watering in time in drought period, and draining waterlogging in time in rainy season so as to ensure that the planting base has no accumulated water;
6) And (3) pest control: carrying out pest investigation, aiming at main pests of polygonatum cyrtonema, adopting an integrated control method to control the main pests in time according to a plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and integrated control':
(1) anthracnose: a disease caused by colletotrichum fungus mainly harms leaves and berries of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua; the disease reaches the peak period of disease onset from late 7 to late 8, small black spots are found in the disease onset parts such as leaves, fruits and the like in 9 months, and the pathogen overwinter on the patrinia scabiosaefolia leaves or weeds in the form of conidia or chlamydospores;
the control method comprises the following steps: after the upper part of the plant withers, cleaning the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia, burning out the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia intensively, and reducing infection sources; at the early stage of disease onset or under the condition of serious local diseases, the diseased leaves or diseased plants can be artificially cut off and burnt out in a concentrated manner;
In the initial stage of disease occurrence, continuously spraying 10wt% of difenoconazole water dispersant 800-1000 times liquid or 25wt% of prochloraz 800-1000 times liquid or 75wt% of trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole 2000-2500 times liquid or 40wt% of flusilazole 5000-6000 times liquid for 3 times, wherein the interval is 3-4 days each time (attention is paid to alternative application of the medicines so as to avoid generation of drug resistance);
(2) leaf blight: a disease caused by fungi, which mainly damages polygonatum cyrtonema leaves; the leaf apex and the leaf margin firstly turn yellow, the later infected part turns grayish brown and necroses, conidia are mature and spread along with rainwater and airflow, the initial period of the disease is in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, and the peak period is in the middle and late ten days of 8 months;
the control method comprises the following steps: after the upper part of the plant withers, cleaning the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia, burning out the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia intensively, and reducing infection sources; at the early stage of disease onset or under the condition of serious local diseases, the diseased leaves or diseased plants can be artificially cut off and burnt out in a concentrated manner;
In the early stage of disease development, 50wt% of carbendazim 500-800 times liquid or 6.25wt% of leucasone (azomethine-fludioxonil) 2000-3000 times liquid or 80wt% of mancozeb 600-800 times liquid or 25wt% of pyraclostrobin 2500-3000 times liquid is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times, and the spraying is performed 3-4 days at intervals (attention is paid to alternative use of medicaments so as to prevent pathogenic bacteria from generating drug resistance);
(3) Stem rot: a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium fungus mainly harms Polygonatum sibiricum stem base; the base of the initial stem appears light brown spots, and the later scabs are gradually enlarged to form oval or irregular scabs; the initial period of the disease reaches the peak period from the middle of 5 months to the last of 8 months;
The control method comprises the following steps: after the upper part of the plant withers, cleaning the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia, burning out the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia intensively, and reducing infection sources; at the early stage of disease onset or under the condition of serious local diseases, the diseased leaves or diseased plants can be artificially cut off and burnt out intensively.
in the early stage of disease occurrence, continuously spraying 50wt% carbendazim 500-800 times liquid or 6.25wt% leucade (fludioxonil) 2000-3000 times liquid or 80wt% mancozeb 600-800 times liquid for 3 times, wherein the interval is 3-4 days each time (attention is paid to alternative application of medicines to avoid generation of drug resistance);
(4) black spot: a fungal disease, which mainly damages polygonatum cyrtonema leaves; at the early stage of disease occurrence, the leaf tip part begins to appear yellow brown irregular disease spots, the edges of the disease spots are purplish red, the disease spots continuously spread and spread along with the development of the disease, and finally the whole leaf withers, so that the disease condition is more serious in rainy season; the disease starts to be developed at the beginning of 7 months, and the peak period of the disease is in the middle and last ten days of 8 months;
the control method comprises the following steps: after the upper part of the plant withers, cleaning the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia, burning out the land weeds and the patrinia scabiosaefolia intensively, and reducing infection sources; at the early stage of disease onset or under the condition of serious local diseases, the diseased leaves or diseased plants can be artificially cut off and burnt out in a concentrated manner;
in the early stage of disease attack, spraying 1:100 Bordeaux mixture for 3 times at intervals of 3-4 days; or continuously spraying 80wt% mancozeb 600-800 times liquid, 50wt% fujilin 800-1000 times liquid or 70wt% thiophanate methyl 8000-1000 times liquid for 3 times, wherein the interval is 3-4 days each time (attention is paid to alternative application to avoid generation of drug resistance);
(5) Bean and turnip: coleoptera Meloidae insects mainly harm Polygonatum sibiricum leaves, particularly like eating young and tender leaves, the leaves are bitten into holes or are notched or even eaten, only reticular veins are left, local plots are seriously damaged, and the density of insect mouths can reach 5-7 heads per square meter;
the control method comprises the following steps: when the insect pest locally occurs and the quantity is small, the insect pest can be artificially trapped and killed; at the initial stage of occurrence, continuously spraying 80wt% of dichlorvos missible oil or 90wt% of crystal 1000-2500 times liquid or 10wt% of beta-cypermethrin 1000-1500 times liquid for 3 times, and taking 3-4 days at intervals (taking care of alternative application to avoid drug resistance);
7) harvesting and primary processing: harvesting tuber seedlings and tissue culture seedlings of polygonatum cyrtonema for 4-6 years, and harvesting seeds for 5-7 years, wherein the harvesting is from 11 months to 2 months; harvesting tubers after the upper part of the plant is lodged; cleaning soil of the harvested tubers, removing fibrous roots and scars, steaming for 10-20 min, taking out and airing the tubers, and rubbing while airing.
the invention provides a method for cultivating polygonatum cyrtonema in a high-slope forest by limited cultivation, which can improve the utilization efficiency of high-slope forest land, effectively reduce the harm of soil-borne diseases such as root and stem rot, reduce the influence of the soil in the field on the growth of polygonatum cyrtonema and improve the quality of polygonatum cyrtonema. Through determination, the water content, ash content and extract content of polygonatum cyrtonema tubers cultivated by the root limiting method all meet the standards under the polygonatum item in 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia, the polysaccharide content of polygonatum cyrtonema obtained by cultivation is up to 10 percent, the polygonatum cyrtonema tuber is higher than that obtained by conventional ridging cultivation by more than 0.5 percent, and the yield of polygonatum cyrtonema tubers is improved by more than 10 percent compared with that obtained by conventional ridging cultivation.
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high slope forest comprises seven aspects of seedling propagation, forest land selection, land preparation, root controller placement, seedling transplantation, under-forest management, pest control, harvesting and preliminary processing, and is characterized in that: selecting a forest land with a gradient of more than 25 degrees and difficult ridging and ridging, wherein the canopy density is preferably 40-60%;
The land preparation and root control device is placed by selecting a forest land with the thickness of 0.8 ~ 1.0.0 m 2, removing impurities, and then burying the root control device in a soil pit with the depth of 10-15 cm;
the seedling transplanting is to backfill surface soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm in the root control device, apply base fertilizer with the thickness of 5-8 cm on the surface soil, and then cover the base fertilizer with sterilized humus soil with the thickness of 5-8 cm; then, planting the disinfected seedlings or seed stems in a root control device in a mode that the bud heads are upward, planting 3 plants in each container, finally spreading a special Chinese medicinal material culture medium with the thickness of 5-8 cm on the seedlings or seed stems, covering the seedlings or seed stems with sterilized humus with the thickness of 5-8 cm, and watering the seedlings or seed stems with rooting water.
2. The method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high-slope forests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the forest land comprises hybrid forest, bamboo forest and broad-leaved forest.
3. The method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high-slope forests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the root controller is not provided with a chassis, the height of the surrounding edge is 40-50 cm, and the diameter of the chassis bottom is 50-60 cm.
4. the method for root-limiting cultivation of polygonatum cyrtonema under high-slope forests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the base fertilizer is formed by mixing an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 10-15% of the total weight of the base fertilizer;
the content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 6.0 percent; the content ratio of N, P, K in the inorganic fertilizer is 10:12: 23.
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