CN107926514A - A kind of cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus - Google Patents

A kind of cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus Download PDF

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CN107926514A
CN107926514A CN201711318714.7A CN201711318714A CN107926514A CN 107926514 A CN107926514 A CN 107926514A CN 201711318714 A CN201711318714 A CN 201711318714A CN 107926514 A CN107926514 A CN 107926514A
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panax japonicus
powder
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CN107926514B (en
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周益权
谭小梅
瞿显友
潘瑞
叶成娟
王昌华
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Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protection of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/44Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种中药材竹节参的林下栽培技术,包括选地、清林、整地、栽种、日常管理和采收和储藏的步骤,每年9月上旬‑10月底按株行距20cm×25cm栽植,覆土栽紧,覆土深度为4‑6cm,并在整地过程中施撒杀虫颗粒对土壤进行消毒杀虫,齐苗期在土壤表面施撒一次杀虫颗粒诱杀害虫。本发明能够将闲置的林下土地资源充分利用,在保证竹节参品质和产量的前提下,大幅减少了耕地种植竹节参的成本支出,有效避免了竹节参在耕地被阳光直晒造成日灼损伤严重的现象发生。The invention discloses an under-forest cultivation technique of Chinese medicinal material Panax ginseng, which includes the steps of site selection, forest clearing, site preparation, planting, daily management, harvesting and storage, and the spacing between plants and rows is 20cm× Plant at 25cm, cover the soil tightly, and cover the soil at a depth of 4-6cm, and spray insecticidal particles to disinfect and kill the soil during the process of site preparation, and spray insecticidal particles on the soil surface once at the seedling stage to trap and kill insects. The invention can make full use of idle under-forest land resources, greatly reduce the cost of planting bamboo ginseng on cultivated land under the premise of ensuring the quality and output of bamboo ginseng, and effectively avoid the damage of bamboo ginseng caused by direct sunlight on cultivated land. Severe sunburn damage occurs.

Description

一种中药材竹节参的林下栽培技术Undergrowth cultivation technique of a kind of Chinese herbal medicine Panax ginseng

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及中药材种植技术领域,尤其涉及一种中药材竹节参的林下栽培技术。The invention relates to the technical field of planting Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to an understory cultivation technology of Chinese medicinal material Panax ginseng.

背景技术Background technique

五加科人参属植物竹节参(Panax japonicus C.A.Mey)的干燥呈竹鞭状根茎是我国名贵中药材。竹节参为多年生草本,野生高50-80cm,裁培植株高可达150cm。根茎横卧,呈竹鞭状,肉质肥厚,白色,结节间具凹陷茎痕,裁培品根茎可重达1kg。清代赵学敏在《本草纲目拾遗》中记载“形如人参”,“味甘颇似人参”,“皮上间有带芦节纹者”,“色白如僵蚕,每条上有凹痕如臼”,故名竹节参。传统中医学认为,竹节参味甘、微苦、性温,既有类似人参的滋补强壮作用,又有类似三七的“散瘀止痛、止血祛痰”作用,主要用于病后虚弱,劳嗽咳血,咳嗽痰多,跌打损伤,在竹节参分布地区被当地药匠称为“草药王”。The dried rhizome of Panax japonicus C.A.Mey, a plant of the genus Panax japonicus C.A.Mey in the Araliaceae family, is a precious Chinese medicinal material in my country. Bamboo ginseng is a perennial herb with a height of 50-80cm in the wild and up to 150cm in cultivation. The rhizome is recumbent, in the shape of a bamboo whip, the flesh is thick, white, with sunken stem marks between the nodules, and the rhizome can weigh up to 1kg. Zhao Xuemin in the Qing Dynasty recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica Supplements" that "the shape is like ginseng", "the taste is sweet like ginseng", "there are those with reed knots on the skin", "the color is white like silkworm, and there are dents on each strip like Mortar", hence the name Bamboo Ginseng. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that bamboo ginseng is sweet, slightly bitter, and warm in nature. It not only has the nourishing and strengthening effect similar to ginseng, but also has the effect of "dispersing blood stasis, relieving pain, stopping bleeding and eliminating phlegm" similar to Sanqi. It is mainly used for weakness after illness. Cough and cough up blood, cough with profuse phlegm, and traumatic injuries, it is called "the king of herbs" by local pharmacists in the distribution area of bamboo ginseng.

现代药理药化研究表明,竹节参主要活性成分是竹节参皂苷、人参皂苷、三七皂甙、伪人参皂甙等,迄今为止已从中分离出14种皂苷,粗皂苷含量约23.6%。与同属的人参、三七比较,其竹节参皂苷含量较两者都高,以齐墩果烷型皂苷为主,达玛烷型皂苷也有一定的含量。此外,还含有竹节人参多糖、挥发油及17种水溶性氨基酸,其中8种人体必须氨基酸均有一定含量。具有抗炎、延缓衰老、降血糖和抗心律不齐的作用,具有广阔的开发利用前景。Modern pharmacology and pharmacology studies have shown that the main active ingredients of bamboo ginseng are bamboo ginsenoside, ginsenoside, notoginseng saponin, pseudo-ginsenoside, etc. So far, 14 kinds of saponins have been isolated from it, and the crude saponin content is about 23.6%. Compared with ginseng and Panax notoginseng of the same genus, the content of saponins in bamboo ginseng is higher than both, mainly oleanane type saponins, and dammarane type saponins also have a certain content. In addition, it also contains bamboo ginseng polysaccharides, volatile oil and 17 kinds of water-soluble amino acids, of which 8 kinds of essential amino acids have a certain content. It has anti-inflammation, anti-aging, hypoglycemic and anti-arrhythmic effects, and has broad prospects for development and utilization.

由于竹节参对环境因子具有敏感的生态脆弱性,而且野生资源遭到疯狂采挖,竹节参资源越来越少,家种开发利用是其发展的必然,但竹节参家种长期处于农户自行发展阶段,多是沿用传统的耕地种植竹节参。然而,传统的耕地种植竹节参的土地和管理设施成本高,大幅增加了耕地种植竹节参的成本支出。Due to the sensitive ecological vulnerability of bamboo ginseng to environmental factors, and the wild resources have been crazily excavated, the resources of bamboo ginseng are becoming less and less. The development and utilization of domestic species is inevitable, but the family species of bamboo ginseng has long In the self-development stage of farmers, most of them continue to use traditional cultivated land to plant bamboo ginseng. However, the cost of land and management facilities for planting bamboo ginseng on traditional cultivated land is high, which greatly increases the cost of planting bamboo ginseng on cultivated land.

发明内容Contents of the invention

有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种中药材竹节参的林下栽培技术,使种植竹节参的土地和管理设施成本低,以降低种植竹节参的成本支出。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of under-forest cultivation technology of the Chinese medicinal material Panax ginseng, so that the cost of land and management facilities for planting Panax ginseng is low, so as to reduce the cost of planting Panax ginseng.

本发明通过以下技术手段解决上述技术问题:The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

一种中药材竹节参的林下栽培技术,包括以下步骤:A kind of understory cultivation technology of Chinese medicinal material Panax ginseng, comprising the following steps:

一、选地1. Site selection

林分:选择阔叶林或针阔混交天然次生林,要求林地内树木稀疏高大,林冠下较空旷,郁闭度过高的针叶林或者表土层分布大量竹鞭的小型竹林不适宜;Forest stand: choose broad-leaved forest or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed natural secondary forest, requiring sparse and tall trees in the forest land, relatively open space under the canopy, coniferous forest with excessive canopy density or small bamboo forest with a large number of bamboo whips in the topsoil layer is not suitable;

坡向及坡度:选择坡向为阴坡或半阴坡,坡度为5-25度的山坡的中段进行种植;Slope aspect and slope: Select the middle section of the hillside with a shady or semi-shady slope and a slope of 5-25 degrees for planting;

土壤:选择疏松肥沃、湿润而排水良好、表层腐殖土达到5cm以上的偏酸性土壤;Soil: Choose loose, fertile, moist and well-drained soil with a surface humus of more than 5cm;

气候:气候冷凉潮湿,年均气温8℃-10℃,年活动积温2700-3000℃,无霜期为180-220d,年日照时数1400-1600h,年平均降水量为1200mm以上;Climate: The climate is cool and humid, the annual average temperature is 8°C-10°C, the annual active accumulated temperature is 2700-3000°C, the frost-free period is 180-220d, the annual sunshine hours are 1400-1600h, and the annual average precipitation is above 1200mm;

二、清林、整地2. Forest clearing and land preparation

时间:在每年9月上旬-10月底栽种前开展;Time: before planting from early September to the end of October;

清林:按照郁闭度在0.6-0.7间伐过密的树林和小灌木,将林下杂草及影响光照1.5m以下的灌木丛全部割除,并将清理物全部移出林地无害化处理;Forest clearing: According to the canopy density of 0.6-0.7, thin out the dense forests and small shrubs, cut off all the understory weeds and shrubs that affect the light below 1.5m, and remove all the cleared objects from the forest land for harmless treatment;

整地及消毒:在不破坏林木生长前提下全面整地深度25-35cm,将枯树根、石块等土壤杂物清理移出,然后施撒杀虫颗粒,并整地耕耙均匀;Soil preparation and disinfection: On the premise of not destroying the growth of forest trees, the depth of comprehensive soil preparation is 25-35cm, and the dead tree roots, stones and other soil debris are cleaned and removed, and then insecticidal particles are applied, and the soil is evenly plowed and raked;

施底肥:底肥以有机肥为主,使用充分腐熟整细的猪、牛、羊粪等,每亩施用有机肥3000kg,通过耕耙与土壤混匀;Base fertilizer application: The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, using fully decomposed and fine pig, cow, sheep manure, etc., applying 3000kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and mixing it with the soil through raking;

开沟起垄:按自然地形开沟起垄,厢宽1-1.2m、长度根据地形而定,开沟深15-25cm,宽25-35m;Ditching and ridging: according to the natural terrain, the width of the compartment is 1-1.2m, and the length depends on the terrain. The depth of the trench is 15-25cm, and the width is 25-35m;

三、栽种3. Planting

选苗:竹节参种苗体形自然、根茎相对稍长、健康无病害,无机械损伤,单株重量10g以上,带萌发芽一个以上;Seedling selection: Panax ginseng seedlings have natural shape, relatively long rhizomes, healthy and disease-free, no mechanical damage, and the weight of a single plant is more than 10g, with more than one sprout;

栽植时间:每年9月上旬-10月底栽植;Planting time: Planting from early September to the end of October every year;

栽植:按株行距20cm×25cm栽植,覆土栽紧,覆土深度为4-6cm;Planting: plant according to the row spacing of 20cm×25cm, and plant tightly with the soil cover, and the depth of the soil cover is 4-6cm;

四、日常管理4. Daily management

郁闭度:栽种第一年林分郁闭度保持在0.6-0.7,第二年后郁闭度可逐渐降低到0.4-0.5,如郁闭度过高要进行疏枝疏叶;Canopy density: The canopy density of the forest stand is maintained at 0.6-0.7 in the first year of planting, and can be gradually reduced to 0.4-0.5 after the second year. If the canopy density is too high, thin branches and leaves;

除草、松土:每年在4-9月安排3次以上除草,结合除草进行松土,以促进植株生长发育,防治病虫害发生,除草宜浅除以免伤害根茎;Weeding and soil loosening: Arrange weeding more than 3 times a year from April to September, combined with weeding to loosen the soil to promote plant growth and development, prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, weeding should be shallow to avoid damage to the rhizome;

追肥:分别在开花前和现蕾后施追肥2次,追肥多用稀释的人粪尿、复合肥,人粪尿施肥量每次2000kg/亩,复合肥每次20kg/亩撒施;Topdressing: apply topdressing twice before flowering and after budding, and use diluted human excrement and compound fertilizer for topdressing. The amount of human excrement fertilization is 2000kg/mu each time, and the compound fertilizer is 20kg/mu each time;

排水防涝:竹节参不耐涝,在多雨季节要注意清理沟排水,防止积水,保持良好的根部透气性;Drainage and waterlogging prevention: Panax ginseng is not resistant to waterlogging. In the rainy season, pay attention to clearing the ditch drainage to prevent water accumulation and maintain good root air permeability;

病虫害:在齐苗期在于土壤表面施撒一次杀虫颗粒,竹节参的主要虫害是地下害虫地老虎,危害根系,造成缺苗断垄,防治应“预防为主,综合防治”,通过床土消毒、排水防涝及清洁田园等方法予以预防。Diseases and insect pests: Sprinkle insecticidal granules on the soil surface once at the seedling stage. The main pest of bamboo ginseng is the underground pest cutworm, which harms the root system and causes lack of seedlings and broken ridges. The control should be "prevention first, comprehensive control", through bed Soil disinfection, drainage and waterlogging prevention, and field cleaning are used to prevent it.

五、采收和储藏5. Harvesting and storage

竹节参移栽4年后可以采收,并于秋季采挖,采挖时锄头从植株旁边空隙处下锄逐步挖向根茎,挖起全株,去除泥土和茎叶,得到根茎鲜用或晾干装袋,晾干将根茎除去外皮,置通风干燥处晾干,晾干后,除去杂质,于阴凉干燥处贮藏备用,防虫蛀。Bamboo ginseng can be harvested 4 years after transplanting, and it can be excavated in autumn. During excavation, the hoe gradually digs down from the gap next to the plant to the rhizome, digs up the whole plant, removes the soil and stems and leaves, and obtains the rhizome for fresh use or Dry and pack in bags, remove the outer skin of the rhizomes, put them in a ventilated and dry place to dry, remove impurities after drying, store in a cool and dry place for later use, and prevent moths.

进一步,步骤一中的土壤为山地黄棕壤、棕壤或暗棕壤中的一种或多种。Further, the soil in step 1 is one or more of mountainous yellow-brown soil, brown soil or dark brown soil.

进一步,步骤一中的土壤的pH值为5.5-6.5。Further, the pH value of the soil in step one is 5.5-6.5.

进一步,步骤二中的开沟起垄采用顺山坡流水方向开沟。Further, ditching and ridging in step 2 adopts the direction of ditching along the hillside and flowing water.

进一步,步骤四中的追肥选择在施肥后即下雨的天气施肥。Further, the topdressing in step 4 is selected to fertilize in rainy weather after fertilization.

进一步,杀虫颗粒主要包括以下重量份数的原料:夹竹桃叶5-10份、麦麸1-3份、棉仁饼粉2-4份、明胶3-5份和负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉3-5份。Further, the insecticidal granules mainly include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of oleander leaves, 1-3 parts of wheat bran, 2-4 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 3-5 parts of gelatin and shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide 3-5 servings.

进一步,杀虫颗粒的制备方法如下:Further, the preparation method of insecticidal granules is as follows:

A.先将夹竹桃叶洗净、晾干,再于60℃下干燥,粉碎得到夹竹桃叶粉,过60目筛,再分别将粉碎的棉仁饼粉和麦麸粉在锅中炒香,过60目筛,然后将过筛后的夹竹桃叶粉、棉仁饼粉和麦麸粉混合均匀,得到混合粉末;A. Wash and dry the oleander leaves first, then dry them at 60°C, crush them to obtain oleander leaf powder, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and then put the crushed cottonseed cake powder and wheat bran powder in a pot Stir-fry, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and then mix the sieved oleander leaf powder, cottonseed cake powder and wheat bran powder evenly to obtain a mixed powder;

B.先将明胶浸入5倍质量的去离子水中1h,然后加温至90℃,充分搅拌使明胶完全溶化,得到明胶溶液;B. First immerse the gelatin in 5 times the mass of deionized water for 1 hour, then heat to 90°C, and stir thoroughly to completely dissolve the gelatin to obtain a gelatin solution;

C.将混合粉末和负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉加入明胶溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,然后用摇摆颗粒机造粒,即得到杀虫颗粒。C. Add the mixed powder and shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide into the gelatin solution, stir and mix evenly, and then granulate with a swinging granulator to obtain insecticidal granules.

杀虫颗粒用明胶作为成型原料,可使杀虫颗粒遇水软化而不散,相对于传统的化学药剂对环境污染小,作用效果受雨水天气影响小;麦麸作为吸附载体,棉仁饼粉的作用是利用其气味引诱地老虎取食,地老虎取食杀虫颗粒后活力减弱,大部分钻入地下而死,防止地老虎危害竹节参根系,钻入地下的地老虎将杀虫颗粒带入地下;在地老虎死亡后,杀虫颗粒中的负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉被释放出来,能够使土壤质地更加疏松,促进竹节参生长;而纳米二氧化钛具有杀灭有害细菌、降解有机污染物等高效功能,它不但能杀菌,还可以使细菌死亡之后产生的内毒素分解,能够起到持续抗病菌的作用,防止竹节参感染病菌;且整地翻土过程中,土壤中的纳米二氧化钛被翻到表层,在阳光照射下能够提升对土壤的消毒效果。The insecticidal granules use gelatin as the molding material, which can make the insecticidal granules soften and not disperse when exposed to water. Compared with traditional chemical agents, the environmental pollution is less, and the effect is less affected by rainy weather; wheat bran is used as the adsorption carrier, cottonseed cake powder The function is to use its smell to lure cutworms to eat. After the cutworms eat the insecticidal particles, their vitality will weaken, and most of them will burrow into the ground and die. brought into the ground; after the cutworm dies, the titanium dioxide-loaded shell powder in the insecticidal particles is released, which can make the soil texture looser and promote the growth of Panax ginseng; and nano-titanium dioxide has the ability to kill harmful bacteria and degrade organic pollutants And other high-efficiency functions, it can not only sterilize, but also decompose the endotoxin produced after the death of bacteria, which can play a continuous role in anti-bacteria and prevent the infection of bamboo ginseng; Turn it over to the surface, and it can improve the disinfection effect on the soil under sunlight.

进一步,负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉制备方法如下:Further, the preparation method of shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide is as follows:

将贝壳洗净,烘干,以硫酸酸洗12h,然后马弗炉l000℃煅烧l~2h,再酸洗12h,用去离子水洗净、烘干,碾磨过200目筛,得到多孔贝壳粉;Wash the shells, dry them, pickle them with sulfuric acid for 12 hours, then calcinate them in a muffle furnace at 1000°C for 1-2 hours, then pickle them for 12 hours, wash them with deionized water, dry them, and grind them through a 200-mesh sieve to get porous shells pink;

将去离子水和甲醇按1:12的体积比混合得到混合溶液,得到的混合溶液置于冰水浴中冷却lh后,加入混合溶液0.2-0.4倍体积的多孔贝壳粉,混合均匀,然后加入多孔贝壳粉0.05倍重量的TiCl4混合均匀,再用盐酸调节pH值至0.5-1.0水解1h,然后过滤除去滤液,滤渣洗涤,于500℃下焙烧,得到负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉。Mix deionized water and methanol at a volume ratio of 1:12 to obtain a mixed solution, place the obtained mixed solution in an ice-water bath to cool for 1 hour, add porous shell powder of 0.2-0.4 times the volume of the mixed solution, mix well, and then add porous Mix 0.05 times the weight of shell powder with TiCl 4 evenly, adjust the pH value to 0.5-1.0 with hydrochloric acid and hydrolyze for 1 hour, then filter to remove the filtrate, wash the filter residue, and roast at 500°C to obtain shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide.

本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1.本发明能够将闲置的林下土地资源充分利用,比使用耕地栽种竹节参节约5000元/亩以上的成本,不仅土地成本由使用耕地的600元/亩以上减少到不到50元/亩,而且减少了使用耕地搭遮阴棚的成本,每亩减少成本5000元左右,此外,由于林下荫蔽环境,杂草生长较少,可比耕地减少一半以上的除草劳动力,每年可以减少约500元/亩的劳动力成本,仅在首次清林整地阶段增加约1000元/亩的劳动力成本,在保证竹节参品质和产量的前提下,大幅减少了耕地种植竹节参的成本支出,有效避免了竹节参在耕地被阳光直晒造成日灼损伤严重的现象发生。1. The present invention can make full use of idle under-forest land resources, save more than 5,000 yuan/mu of cost than using cultivated land to plant bamboo ginseng, and not only reduce the cost of land from more than 600 yuan/mu of using cultivated land to less than 50 yuan/mu mu, and reduce the cost of using arable land to build a shade shed, which reduces the cost by about 5,000 yuan per mu. In addition, due to the shaded environment under the forest, weeds grow less, which can reduce the weeding labor by more than half compared with arable land, which can reduce about 500 yuan per year. The labor cost of 1000 yuan/mu only increased by about 1000 yuan/mu in the first stage of forest clearing and land preparation. On the premise of ensuring the quality and output of bamboo ginseng, the cost of planting bamboo ginseng on cultivated land was greatly reduced, effectively avoiding The results showed that bamboo ginseng was exposed to direct sunlight on cultivated land and caused serious sunburn damage.

2.本发明的通过杀虫颗粒诱杀的方式杀害竹节参的主要虫害地老虎,并通过地老虎将杀虫颗粒带入地下,与传统的化学药剂相比对环境污染小,作用效果受雨水天气影响小,对地下的害虫和病菌杀灭更加彻底,并能起到持久的消毒和补充钙肥的作用。2. The present invention kills cutworms, the main insect pests of bamboo ginseng, by trapping and killing insecticidal granules, and brings the insecticidal granules underground through cutworms. Compared with traditional chemical agents, the environmental pollution is small, and the effect is affected by rainwater. The influence of the weather is small, the underground pests and germs are more thoroughly killed, and it can play a role in lasting disinfection and calcium supplementation.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下将结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明:The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment:

杀虫颗粒的制备实施例一Preparation Example 1 of Pesticide Granules

杀虫颗粒主要包括以下重量份数的原料:夹竹桃叶5份、麦麸1份、棉仁饼粉2份、明胶3份和负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉3份。其制备方法如下:The insecticidal granules mainly include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of oleander leaves, 1 part of wheat bran, 2 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 3 parts of gelatin and 3 parts of shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide. Its preparation method is as follows:

将贝壳洗净,烘干,以硫酸酸洗12h,然后马弗炉l000℃煅烧l~2h,再酸洗12h,用去离子水洗净、烘干,碾磨过200目筛,得到多孔贝壳粉;将去离子水和甲醇按1:12的体积比混合得到混合溶液,得到的混合溶液置于冰水浴中冷却lh后,加入混合溶液0.2-0.4倍体积的多孔贝壳粉,混合均匀,然后加入多孔贝壳粉0.05倍重量的TiCl4混合均匀,再用盐酸调节pH值至0.5-1.0水解1h,然后过滤除去滤液,滤渣洗涤,于500℃下焙烧,得到负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉。先将夹竹桃叶洗净、晾干,再于60℃下干燥,粉碎得到夹竹桃叶粉,过60目筛,再分别将粉碎的棉仁饼粉和麦麸粉在锅中炒香,过60目筛,然后将过筛后的夹竹桃叶粉、棉仁饼粉和麦麸粉混合均匀,得到混合粉末;先将明胶浸入5倍质量的去离子水中1h,然后加温至90℃,充分搅拌使明胶完全溶化,得到明胶溶液;将混合粉末和负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉加入明胶溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,然后用摇摆颗粒机造粒,即得到杀虫颗粒。Wash the shells, dry them, pickle them with sulfuric acid for 12 hours, then calcinate them in a muffle furnace at 1000°C for 1-2 hours, then pickle them for 12 hours, wash them with deionized water, dry them, and grind them through a 200-mesh sieve to get porous shells powder; mix deionized water and methanol at a volume ratio of 1:12 to obtain a mixed solution, place the obtained mixed solution in an ice-water bath for cooling for 1 hour, add porous shell powder of 0.2-0.4 times the volume of the mixed solution, mix well, and then Add 0.05 times the weight of porous shell powder TiCl 4 and mix evenly, then adjust the pH value to 0.5-1.0 with hydrochloric acid and hydrolyze for 1 hour, then filter to remove the filtrate, wash the filter residue, and roast at 500°C to obtain shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide. Wash and dry the oleander leaves first, then dry them at 60°C, crush them to obtain oleander leaf powder, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and fry the crushed cottonseed cake powder and wheat bran powder in a pot , pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and then mix the sieved oleander leaf powder, cottonseed cake powder and wheat bran powder evenly to obtain a mixed powder; first soak the gelatin in deionized water with 5 times the mass for 1 hour, and then heat to Stir at 90°C to fully dissolve the gelatin to obtain a gelatin solution; add the mixed powder and shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide to the gelatin solution, stir and mix evenly, and then granulate with a swinging granulator to obtain insecticidal granules.

杀虫颗粒的制备实施例二Preparation Example Two of Pesticide Granules

杀虫颗粒主要包括以下重量份数的原料:夹竹桃叶10份、麦麸3份、棉仁饼粉4份、明胶5份和负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉5份。其制备方法如下:The insecticidal granules mainly include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of oleander leaves, 3 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 5 parts of gelatin and 5 parts of shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide. Its preparation method is as follows:

将贝壳洗净,烘干,以硫酸酸洗12h,然后马弗炉l000℃煅烧l~2h,再酸洗12h,用去离子水洗净、烘干,碾磨过200目筛,得到多孔贝壳粉;将去离子水和甲醇按1:12的体积比混合得到混合溶液,得到的混合溶液置于冰水浴中冷却lh后,加入混合溶液0.2-0.4倍体积的多孔贝壳粉,混合均匀,然后加入多孔贝壳粉0.05倍重量的TiCl4混合均匀,再用盐酸调节pH值至0.5-1.0水解1h,然后过滤除去滤液,滤渣洗涤,于500℃下焙烧,得到负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉。先将夹竹桃叶洗净、晾干,再于60℃下干燥,粉碎得到夹竹桃叶粉,过60目筛,再分别将粉碎的棉仁饼粉和麦麸粉在锅中炒香,过60目筛,然后将过筛后的夹竹桃叶粉、棉仁饼粉和麦麸粉混合均匀,得到混合粉末;先将明胶浸入5倍质量的去离子水中1h,然后加温至90℃,充分搅拌使明胶完全溶化,得到明胶溶液;将混合粉末和负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉加入明胶溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,然后用摇摆颗粒机造粒,即得到杀虫颗粒。Wash the shells, dry them, pickle them with sulfuric acid for 12 hours, then calcinate them in a muffle furnace at 1000°C for 1-2 hours, then pickle them for 12 hours, wash them with deionized water, dry them, and grind them through a 200-mesh sieve to get porous shells powder; mix deionized water and methanol at a volume ratio of 1:12 to obtain a mixed solution, place the obtained mixed solution in an ice-water bath for cooling for 1 hour, add porous shell powder of 0.2-0.4 times the volume of the mixed solution, mix well, and then Add 0.05 times the weight of porous shell powder TiCl 4 and mix evenly, then adjust the pH value to 0.5-1.0 with hydrochloric acid and hydrolyze for 1 hour, then filter to remove the filtrate, wash the filter residue, and roast at 500°C to obtain shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide. Wash and dry the oleander leaves first, then dry them at 60°C, crush them to obtain oleander leaf powder, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and fry the crushed cottonseed cake powder and wheat bran powder in a pot , pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and then mix the sieved oleander leaf powder, cottonseed cake powder and wheat bran powder evenly to obtain a mixed powder; first soak the gelatin in deionized water with 5 times the mass for 1 hour, and then heat to Stir at 90°C to fully dissolve the gelatin to obtain a gelatin solution; add the mixed powder and shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide to the gelatin solution, stir and mix evenly, and then granulate with a swinging granulator to obtain insecticidal granules.

杀虫颗粒的制备实施例三Preparation Example Three of Insecticidal Granules

杀虫颗粒主要包括以下重量份数的原料:夹竹桃叶7份、麦麸2份、棉仁饼粉3份、明胶4份和负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉4份。其制备方法如下:The insecticidal granules mainly include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of oleander leaves, 2 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 4 parts of gelatin and 4 parts of shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide. Its preparation method is as follows:

将贝壳洗净,烘干,以硫酸酸洗12h,然后马弗炉l000℃煅烧l~2h,再酸洗12h,用去离子水洗净、烘干,碾磨过200目筛,得到多孔贝壳粉;将去离子水和甲醇按1:12的体积比混合得到混合溶液,得到的混合溶液置于冰水浴中冷却lh后,加入混合溶液0.2-0.4倍体积的多孔贝壳粉,混合均匀,然后加入多孔贝壳粉0.05倍重量的TiCl4混合均匀,再用盐酸调节pH值至0.5-1.0水解1h,然后过滤除去滤液,滤渣洗涤,于500℃下焙烧,得到负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉。先将夹竹桃叶洗净、晾干,再于60℃下干燥,粉碎得到夹竹桃叶粉,过60目筛,再分别将粉碎的棉仁饼粉和麦麸粉在锅中炒香,过60目筛,然后将过筛后的夹竹桃叶粉、棉仁饼粉和麦麸粉混合均匀,得到混合粉末;先将明胶浸入5倍质量的去离子水中1h,然后加温至90℃,充分搅拌使明胶完全溶化,得到明胶溶液;将混合粉末和负载二氧化钛的贝壳粉加入明胶溶液中,搅拌混合均匀,然后用摇摆颗粒机造粒,即得到杀虫颗粒。Wash the shells, dry them, pickle them with sulfuric acid for 12 hours, then calcinate them in a muffle furnace at 1000°C for 1-2 hours, then pickle them for 12 hours, wash them with deionized water, dry them, and grind them through a 200-mesh sieve to get porous shells powder; mix deionized water and methanol at a volume ratio of 1:12 to obtain a mixed solution, place the obtained mixed solution in an ice-water bath for cooling for 1 hour, add porous shell powder of 0.2-0.4 times the volume of the mixed solution, mix well, and then Add 0.05 times the weight of porous shell powder TiCl 4 and mix evenly, then adjust the pH value to 0.5-1.0 with hydrochloric acid and hydrolyze for 1 hour, then filter to remove the filtrate, wash the filter residue, and roast at 500°C to obtain shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide. Wash and dry the oleander leaves first, then dry them at 60°C, crush them to obtain oleander leaf powder, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and fry the crushed cottonseed cake powder and wheat bran powder in a pot , pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and then mix the sieved oleander leaf powder, cottonseed cake powder and wheat bran powder evenly to obtain a mixed powder; first soak the gelatin in deionized water with 5 times the mass for 1 hour, and then heat to Stir at 90°C to fully dissolve the gelatin to obtain a gelatin solution; add the mixed powder and shell powder loaded with titanium dioxide to the gelatin solution, stir and mix evenly, and then granulate with a swinging granulator to obtain insecticidal granules.

取3个育有25株竹节参苗的营养钵,分别投入20只地老虎,待地老虎全部钻入土壤后,分别与在3个营养钵的土壤表层投撒200粒实施例一至实施例三制备得到的杀虫颗粒,杀虫颗粒投撒1天后分别统计杀虫颗粒取食量(粒)、危害竹节参苗数量(株)、地老虎死亡率(%)以及死于土壤表层的地老虎所占比例(%),统计结果如表1所示:Take 3 nutrient bowls with 25 bamboo ginseng seedlings, put 20 cutworms into them respectively, and after all the cutworms have penetrated into the soil, sprinkle 200 grains on the soil surface of the 3 nutrient bowls. Example 1 to Example 3. Prepared insecticidal granules. After the insecticidal granules were sprayed for 1 day, the food intake (grain) of the insecticidal granules, the number of harmful bamboo ginseng seedlings (strains), the death rate of cutworms (%) and the number of cutworms that died on the soil surface were counted respectively. The proportion (%) of ground tigers, the statistical results are shown in Table 1:

由表1数据统计可知,采用实施例一至实施例三制备的杀虫颗粒对地老虎进行诱杀率达到100%,且死于土壤表层的地老虎所占比例低于7%,每只地老虎对杀虫颗粒的平均取食量达到6粒以上,取食杀虫颗粒1天后对棉苗的危害数量最多只有1株。因此,本发明制备的杀虫颗粒对地下地老虎的诱杀非常彻底,并通过地老虎将90%以上的杀虫颗粒带入地下,进而对土壤持久的消毒并补充钙肥。From the statistics of table 1, it can be seen that the trapping and killing rate of cutworms by adopting the insecticidal particles prepared in embodiment one to embodiment three reaches 100%, and the proportion of cutworms dying in the soil surface is lower than 7%. The average feeding amount of insecticidal granules reached more than 6 grains, and the number of harm to cotton seedlings after eating insecticidal granules for 1 day was at most only 1 plant. Therefore, the insecticidal granules prepared by the invention are very thorough in trapping and killing underground cutworms, and more than 90% of the insecticidal granules are brought into the ground by the cutworms, thereby permanently disinfecting the soil and supplementing calcium fertilizer.

竹节参的林下栽培实施例四The understory cultivation embodiment four of Bamboo Ginseng

一、选地1. Site selection

林分:选择阔叶林或针阔混交天然次生林,要求林地内树木稀疏高大,林冠下较空旷,郁闭度过高的针叶林或者表土层分布大量竹鞭的小型竹林不适宜;Forest stand: choose broad-leaved forest or coniferous and broad-leaved mixed natural secondary forest, requiring sparse and tall trees in the forest land, relatively open space under the canopy, coniferous forest with excessive canopy density or small bamboo forest with a large number of bamboo whips in the topsoil layer is not suitable;

坡向及坡度:选择坡向为阴坡或半阴坡,坡度为5-25度的山坡的中段进行种植;Slope aspect and slope: Select the middle section of the hillside with a shady or semi-shady slope and a slope of 5-25 degrees for planting;

土壤:选择疏松肥沃、湿润而排水良好、表层腐殖土达到5cm以上的偏酸性山地黄棕壤、棕壤或暗棕壤中的一种或多种,土壤的pH值为5.5-6.5;Soil: choose one or more of loose, fertile, moist and well-drained soil, with a surface humus of more than 5cm, acidic mountain yellow-brown soil, brown soil or dark brown soil, and the pH value of the soil is 5.5-6.5;

气候:气候冷凉潮湿,年均气温8℃-10℃,年活动积温2700-3000℃,无霜期为180-220d,年日照时数1400-1600h,年平均降水量为1200mm以上;Climate: The climate is cool and humid, the annual average temperature is 8°C-10°C, the annual active accumulated temperature is 2700-3000°C, the frost-free period is 180-220d, the annual sunshine hours are 1400-1600h, and the annual average precipitation is above 1200mm;

二、清林、整地2. Forest clearing and land preparation

时间:在每年9月上旬-10月底栽种前开展;Time: before planting from early September to the end of October;

清林:按照郁闭度在0.6-0.7间伐过密的树林和小灌木,将林下杂草及影响光照1.5m以下的灌木丛全部割除,并将清理物全部移出林地无害化处理;Forest clearing: According to the canopy density of 0.6-0.7, thin out the dense forests and small shrubs, cut off all the understory weeds and shrubs that affect the light below 1.5m, and remove all the cleared objects from the forest land for harmless treatment;

整地及消毒:在不破坏林木生长前提下全面整地深度25-35cm,将枯树根、石块等土壤杂物清理移出,然后施撒杀虫颗粒,并整地耕耙均匀;Soil preparation and disinfection: On the premise of not destroying the growth of forest trees, the depth of comprehensive soil preparation is 25-35cm, and the dead tree roots, stones and other soil debris are cleaned and removed, and then insecticidal particles are applied, and the soil is evenly plowed and raked;

施底肥:底肥以有机肥为主,使用充分腐熟整细的猪、牛、羊粪,每亩施用有机肥3000kg,通过耕耙与土壤混匀;Base fertilizer application: The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, using fully decomposed and fine pig, cow, and sheep manure, applying 3000kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and mixing it with the soil through raking;

开沟起垄:按自然地形开沟起垄,采用顺山坡流水方向开沟,厢宽1-1.2m、长度根据地形而定,开沟深15-25cm,宽25-35m;Ditch and ridge: Ditch and ridge according to the natural terrain, adopt the direction of flowing water along the hillside, the width of the compartment is 1-1.2m, the length depends on the terrain, the depth of the ditch is 15-25cm, and the width is 25-35m;

三、栽种3. Planting

选苗:竹节参种苗体形自然、根茎相对稍长、健康无病害,无机械损伤,单株重量10g以上,带萌发芽一个以上;Seedling selection: Panax ginseng seedlings have natural shape, relatively long rhizomes, healthy and disease-free, no mechanical damage, and the weight of a single plant is more than 10g, with more than one sprout;

栽植:按株行距20cm×25cm栽植,覆土栽紧,覆土深度为4-6cm;Planting: plant according to the row spacing of 20cm×25cm, and plant tightly with the soil cover, and the depth of the soil cover is 4-6cm;

四、日常管理4. Daily management

郁闭度:栽种第一年林分郁闭度保持在0.6-0.7,第二年后郁闭度可逐渐降低到0.4-0.5,如郁闭度过高要进行疏枝疏叶;Canopy density: The canopy density of the forest stand is maintained at 0.6-0.7 in the first year of planting, and can be gradually reduced to 0.4-0.5 after the second year. If the canopy density is too high, thin branches and leaves;

除草、松土:每年在4-9月安排3次以上除草,结合除草进行松土,以促进植株生长发育,防治病虫害发生,除草宜浅除以免伤害根茎;Weeding and soil loosening: Arrange weeding more than 3 times a year from April to September, combined with weeding to loosen the soil to promote plant growth and development, prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, weeding should be shallow to avoid damage to the rhizome;

追肥:分别在开花前和现蕾后施追肥2次,追肥多用稀释的人粪尿、复合肥,人粪尿施肥量每次2000kg/亩,复合肥每次20kg/亩撒施,追肥选择在施肥后即下雨的天气施肥;Topdressing: apply topdressing fertilizer twice before flowering and after budding, and use diluted human excrement and compound fertilizer for topdressing. Fertilize in rainy weather after fertilization;

排水防涝:竹节参不耐涝,在多雨季节要注意清理沟排水,防止积水,保持良好的根部透气性;Drainage and waterlogging prevention: Panax ginseng is not resistant to waterlogging. In the rainy season, pay attention to clearing the ditch drainage to prevent water accumulation and maintain good root air permeability;

病虫害:在齐苗期在于土壤表面施撒一次杀虫颗粒,竹节参的主要虫害是地下害虫地老虎,危害根系,造成缺苗断垄,防治应“预防为主,综合防治”,通过床土消毒、排水防涝及清洁田园等方法予以预防。Diseases and insect pests: Sprinkle insecticidal granules on the soil surface once at the seedling stage. The main pest of bamboo ginseng is the underground pest cutworm, which harms the root system and causes lack of seedlings and broken ridges. The control should be "prevention first, comprehensive control", through bed Soil disinfection, drainage and waterlogging prevention, and field cleaning are used to prevent it.

五、采收和储藏5. Harvesting and storage

竹节参移栽4年后可以采收,并于秋季采挖,采挖时锄头从植株旁边空隙处下锄逐步挖向根茎,挖起全株,去除泥土和茎叶,得到根茎鲜用或晾干装袋,晾干将根茎除去外皮,置通风干燥处晾干,晾干后,除去杂质,于阴凉干燥处贮藏备用,防虫蛀。Bamboo ginseng can be harvested 4 years after transplanting, and it can be excavated in autumn. During excavation, the hoe gradually digs down from the gap next to the plant to the rhizome, digs up the whole plant, removes the soil and stems and leaves, and obtains the rhizome for fresh use or Dry and pack in bags, remove the outer skin of the rhizomes, put them in a ventilated and dry place to dry, remove impurities after drying, store in a cool and dry place for later use, and prevent moths.

本发明能够将闲置的林下土地资源充分利用,比使用耕地栽种竹节参节约5000元/亩以上的成本,不仅土地成本由使用耕地的600元/亩以上减少到不到50元/亩,而且减少了使用耕地搭遮阴棚的成本,每亩减少成本5000元左右,此外,由于林下荫蔽环境,杂草生长较少,可比耕地减少一半以上的除草劳动力,每年可以减少约500元/亩的劳动力成本,仅在首次清林整地阶段增加约1000元/亩的劳动力成本,在保证竹节参品质和产量的前提下,耕地种植竹节参的成本支出少,同时避免了竹节参在耕地被阳光直晒造成日灼损伤严重的现象发生。The invention can make full use of the idle under-forest land resources, save more than 5,000 yuan/mu of cost than using cultivated land to plant bamboo ginseng, and not only reduce the cost of land from more than 600 yuan/mu of using cultivated land to less than 50 yuan/mu, In addition, the cost of using cultivated land to build a shade shed is reduced by about 5,000 yuan per mu. In addition, due to the shaded environment under the forest, weeds grow less, which can reduce the weeding labor by more than half compared with cultivated land, which can reduce about 500 yuan/year The labor cost per mu is only increased by about 1,000 yuan/mu in the first stage of forest clearing and land preparation. On the premise of ensuring the quality and output of bamboo ginseng, the cost of planting bamboo ginseng on cultivated land is low, and at the same time avoiding the cost of bamboo ginseng Severe sunburn damage occurs when cultivated land is exposed to direct sunlight.

以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。本发明未详细描述的技术、形状、构造部分均为公知技术。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced. Without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, all of them should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The technologies, shapes and construction parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of 1. cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
    First, selection of land
    Standing forest:Selecting broad-leaf forest or the wealthy mixed friendship Natural Secondary Forests of pin, it is desirable to it is tall and big that the trees are sparse in forest land, more spacious under crown canopy, The small-sized bamboo grove that the excessive coniferous forest of canopy density or topsoil are distributed a large amount of bamboo whips is not suitable for;
    Slope aspect and the gradient:Selection slope aspect is Schattenseite or half Schattenseite, and the gradient is planted for the stage casing on the hillside of 5-25 degree;
    Soil:Select loose fertile, moistening and draining is good, top layer fertile soil reaches more than 5cm Acid soil;
    Weather:Weather cools humidity, average annual 8 DEG C -10 DEG C of temperature, year 2700-3000 DEG C of active accumulated temperature, frost-free period 180- 220d, year sunshine time 1400-1600h, mean annual precipitation are more than 1200mm;
    2nd, clear woods, site preparation
    Time:Carry out before annual early September-plantation by the end of October;
    Clear woods:According to canopy density in 0.6-0.7 the intermediate cuttings overstocked woods and undershrub, by hayashishita weeds and influence illumination 1.5m with Under bushes all cut off, and will cleaning thing all remove forest land harmless treatments;
    Site preparation and disinfection:Comprehensive depth of soil preparation 25-35cm under the premise of tree growth is not destroyed, by soil such as withered tree root, stones Debris cleaning removes, and then applies desinsection particle, and site preparation ploughs rake uniformly;
    Apply fertilizer to the subsoil:Base fertilizer mainly based on organic fertilizer, using abundant decomposed whole thin pig, ox, sheep manure, application of organic fertilizers per acre 3000kg, is mixed by ploughing rake with soil;
    Ditching, ridging:By physical relief ditching, ridging, depending on landform, ditch depth 15-25cm, wide for the wide 1-1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, length 25-35m;
    3rd, plant
    Select seedling:The panax japonicus seedling bodily form is natural, rhizome is relatively slightly long, health is disease-free, has no mechanical damage, single plant weight 10g with On, band sprout bud more than one;
    Transplant the time:Annual early September-transplant by the end of October;
    Plant:Transplanted by seeding row spacing 20cm × 25cm, earthing plants tight, thickness of earth-fill cover 4-6cm;
    4th, daily management
    Canopy density:Plantation First Year Canopy densities are maintained at 0.6-0.7, and canopy density can be gradually lowered to 0.4- after second year 0.5, to carry out sparse branching as canopy density are excessive and dredge leaf;
    Weeding, loosen the soil:More than 3 times weedings are arranged in the 4-9 months every year, are loosened the soil with reference to weeding, to promote vine growth and development, Pest and disease damage is prevented, weeding is preferably shallow to remove in order to avoid injuring rhizome;
    Top dressing:Respectively before flowering and spraying fertilizer 2 times after buddingging, top dressing use diluted night soil, composite fertilizer, night soil fertilising Measure 2000kg/ mus each, each 20kg/ mus of composite fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields;
    Drainage waterlogging prevention:Panax japonicus intolerant to waterlogging, in rainy season it is noted that cleaning ditch water discharge, prevents ponding, keep good root Gas permeability;
    Pest and disease damage:It is that soil surface applies a desinsection particle in neat seedling stage;
    5th, harvest and store
    Panax japonicus can harvest after transplanting 4 years, and be excavated in autumn, and hoe is uprooted under gap beside plant and progressively dug during excavation To rhizome, complete stool has been dug, soil and cauline leaf has been removed, obtains rhizome using fresh herb or dry pack, dry and rhizome is removed into crust, put logical Air-dry dry place to dry, after drying, remove impurity, spare, Anti-moth-eating is stored at cool place is dry.
  2. A kind of 2. cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Institute in step 1 The soil stated is the one or more in mountain yellow brown soil, brown earth or dark brown earth.
  3. A kind of 3. cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:Institute in step 1 The pH value for the soil stated is 5.5-6.5.
  4. A kind of 4. cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Institute in step 2 The ditching, ridging stated is used along hillside current direction trench digging.
  5. A kind of 5. cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Institute in step 4 The top dressing stated selects weather fertilising i.e. rainy after fertilising.
  6. A kind of 6. cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:The desinsection Grain mainly includes the raw material of following parts by weight:5-10 parts of sweetscented oleander leaf, 1-3 parts of wheat bran, 2-4 parts of cotton benevolence cake powder, 3-5 parts of gelatin With 3-5 parts of the oyster shell whiting of carried titanium dioxide.
  7. A kind of 7. cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:The desinsection The preparation method of grain is as follows:
    A. first sweetscented oleander leaf is cleaned, dried, dry, pulverize to obtain sweetscented oleander leaf powder at 60 DEG C, cross 60 mesh sieves, then distinguish The cotton benevolence cake powder and wheat bran of crushing are stir-fried in pot, 60 mesh sieves are crossed, then by the sweetscented oleander leaf powder after sieving, cotton benevolence cake powder It is uniformly mixed with wheat bran, obtains mixed-powder;
    B., gelatin is first immersed to 1h in the deionized water of 5 times of quality, is then heated up to 90 DEG C, being sufficiently stirred makes gelatin completely molten Change, obtain gelatin solution;
    C. the oyster shell whiting of mixed-powder and carried titanium dioxide is added in gelatin solution, be uniformly mixed, then with waving Granulator is granulated, that is, obtains desinsection particle.
  8. A kind of 8. cultivation under woods technology of Chinese medicine panax japonicus according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:The load two The shell powder, preparation method thereof of titanium oxide is as follows:
    Shell is cleaned, is dried, with sulfuric acid washing 12h, then l000 DEG C of calcining l~2h of Muffle furnace, then pickling 12h, spend from Sub- water is cleaned, dried, and milled 200 mesh sieve, obtains porous oyster shell whiting;
    Deionized water and methanol are pressed 1:12 volume ratio is mixed to get mixed solution, and obtained mixed solution is placed in ice-water bath After cooling down lh, the porous oyster shell whiting of 0.2-0.4 times of volume of mixed solution is added, is uniformly mixed, then adds porous oyster shell whiting The TiCl of 0.05 times of weight4It is uniformly mixed, then 1h is hydrolyzed with salt acid for adjusting pH value to 0.5-1.0, be then filtered to remove filtrate, filters Wash heat is washed, and is roasted at 500 DEG C, obtains the oyster shell whiting of carried titanium dioxide.
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108990735A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-14 黔南州司奇中草药种植有限公司 A kind of method of artificial growth panax japonicus
CN111937701A (en) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-17 湖北硒谷神奇科技有限公司 Standardized planting method of selenium-rich panax japonicus
CN112166986A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-01-05 安顺学院 A kind of movable bamboo ginseng planting method
CN115568390A (en) * 2022-11-05 2023-01-06 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 Panax japonicus stacking planting method

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CN103125247A (en) * 2013-03-14 2013-06-05 通化百泉参业集团股份有限公司 Cultivation method of organic American ginseng
KR101690648B1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2016-12-28 우인오 A method of cultivation for wood-cultivated ginseng
CN106941918A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-07-14 会泽林下种植有限公司 A kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla sylvan life imitating wild planting process

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103125247A (en) * 2013-03-14 2013-06-05 通化百泉参业集团股份有限公司 Cultivation method of organic American ginseng
KR101690648B1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2016-12-28 우인오 A method of cultivation for wood-cultivated ginseng
CN106941918A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-07-14 会泽林下种植有限公司 A kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla sylvan life imitating wild planting process

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108990735A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-14 黔南州司奇中草药种植有限公司 A kind of method of artificial growth panax japonicus
CN111937701A (en) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-17 湖北硒谷神奇科技有限公司 Standardized planting method of selenium-rich panax japonicus
CN112166986A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-01-05 安顺学院 A kind of movable bamboo ginseng planting method
CN115568390A (en) * 2022-11-05 2023-01-06 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 Panax japonicus stacking planting method

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