CN105359818A - High-valued cultivation method of new variety of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge - Google Patents
High-valued cultivation method of new variety of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359818A CN105359818A CN201510952657.2A CN201510952657A CN105359818A CN 105359818 A CN105359818 A CN 105359818A CN 201510952657 A CN201510952657 A CN 201510952657A CN 105359818 A CN105359818 A CN 105359818A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/02—Products growing in the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-valued cultivation method of a new variety of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. The high-valued cultivation method comprises the following steps of cultivation field selection, seed selection and seedling raising, field management, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, harvesting of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge tea raw materials and harvesting and preliminary processing of medicinal materials. By the adoption of the high-valued cultivation method, a scientific and reasonable high-valued cultivation measure is formulated for the new variety of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge 'salvia miltiorrhiza bunge No.1' having proprietary intellectual property rights, the survival rate of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge seedlings and the yield and quality of medicinal materials are improved, leaves and flower buds reasonably harvested in the planting process in time can serve as the raw materials of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge tea, and incomes in producing areas are also increased. In addition, the soil conditioner adopted in the high-valued cultivation method can decease allelochemicals produced in salvia miltiorrhiza bunge cultivation and successive cropping obstacles. Essential oil can be extracted from waste branches and leaves produced in harvesting of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge medicinal materials and can decrease mould and damages made by worms during transportation and storage when being sprayed on the dried salvia miltiorrhiza bunge medicinal materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of Chinese medicine, be specifically related to the high-valued cultivation method of a kind of river red sage root new varieties.
Background technology
The red sage root (Salviamiltiorrhiza) belongs to herbaceos perennial for Lamiaceae Salvia, is used as medicine with its root and rhizome, because its look red is like ginseng gain the name " red sage root ", also known as red ginseng, wooden sheep breast, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, red etc.The red sage root begins to be loaded in Shennong's Herbal, being classified as top grade, recording the exclusive source of salviamiltiorrhizabung for going through edition Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.Its cold nature, bitter, nontoxic, the thoughts of returning home, liver two warp, have effect of activating blood to promote menstruation, stasis-dispelling and pain-killing, clearing away the heart fire and tranquillizing.Be used for the treatment of irregular menstruation, through closing dysmenorrhoea ， lumps in the chest and abdomen, chest ventral spine pain, hot numbness pain, sore swells and ache, dysphoria and insomnia; Hepatosplenomegaly, angina pectoris.Modern pharmacological research shows that the red sage root contains tanshinone, danshinolic acid class, has coronary artery dilator, increases coronary flow, improves myocardial ischemia, infraction and cardiac function, regulates the rhythm of the heart, and can expand peripheral vascular, improve microcirculation; Body's hypoxia tolerance can be improved; Energy reducing blood lipid, suppresses coronary atherosclerosis to be formed; Can suppress or alleviate degeneration of liver cells, necrosis and inflammatory reaction, promote the reparation of tissue, accelerate the ability of the healing of fracture etc.
Deyang City Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province is one of red sage root Genuine producing area, river, and the river red sage root is real with its root knot, look Zhu taste is dense, output is large, product are of fine quality and have won fame both at home and abroad, and enjoys good reputation at home and abroad.These river red sage root new varieties mix colony through systematic breeding for many years from existing, within 2011, proterties stable and consistent, root yield excellent river red sage root new varieties " No. 1, the river red sage root " that are high, best in quality, that be applicable to Zhongjiang County and surrounding area cultivation have passed the authorization of the variety certification committee of Sichuan Province, and kind is numbered: medicine 2011002 is examined in river.
The industrialization of the red sage root in recent years, scale progress faster, red sage root consumption increases year by year, and be at home and abroad in great demand in medicinal material market all very much.But because cultivation management is extensive, occur during the phenomenon of output instability.So a kind of red sage root planting technology of stable, high yield, to meeting the need of market, increasing farmers' income, tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of implantation methods of red sage root new varieties.Its technical scheme is as follows: planting site is selected, seed selection nursery, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, red rooted salvia raw material are gathered, medicinal material is gathered and process, and its concrete operation step is:
1, planting site is selected
" No. 1, the river red sage root " should ensure that average sunshine duration is >1300 hour suitable planting, total solar radiation amount >85 kilocalorie/cm
2year, average temperature of the whole year >14 DEG C, effective accumulated temperature >5000 DEG C, frost-free season >230 days, annual rainfall >1000 millimeter, humid climate, relative moisture about 80%, planting site soil should by calcareous purple sandy sandstone plum of uniting under Cretaceous System, aleurolite, the purple soil of shale weathering formation and paddy soil, quality is mainly earth in chiltern, it glues, sand ratio is moderate, can venting and water permeable, again can preserve moisture and fertility, water, gas is coordinated, and tilth is good, the root growth being conducive to red rooted salvia is grown, these soil soil layers are deep, the plow layer degree of depth reaches more than 40 centimetres, content of organic matter >14g/kg, full nitrogen >1g/kg, available nitrogen >70mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >20mg/kg, the effective iron >35mg/kg of available potassium >70mg/kg, effective manganese >380mg/kg, Available cupper >0.75mg/kg, pH value 6.0 – 8.5,
2. seed selection nursery
Select that root bar is comparatively straight, color and luster is purplish red, size is even, without the annual root bar of lopsided, crack-free, anosis worm, diameter 5-10mm, every mu of kind root consumption about 50kg; Choose satisfactory bar when picking time receives and digs, make bunchy in order, carry out Tu Zang or sand Tibetan; Also can in breeding plot, robust growth of selecting and remain, plant without damage by disease and insect, when nursery, namely dig and namely plant;
Seedling raise period is mid-February in December to next year, plant root process first with 150-200 μ g/g polyoxin seed soaking root 30min, and then with 0.5-1ppm gibberellin seed soaking root 15min, seedbed is selected leeward, on the sunny side, draining is good, apart from planting nearer soil, wholely, rake is thin, smooth seedbed, the wide 120cm of ridge-up bed, furrow length is determined according to kind of root consumption and landform, vertical direction along seedbed trend laterally draws ditch, furrow width 15cm, ditch depth 5cm, kind root after disinfecting is fractureed into root joint by about 2.5cm, forward (botany top upwards) oblique cutting is in ditch, nest is apart from about 5cm, every trench sowing 2 row, now disconnected existing slotting, root earthing is inserted in seedbed, after rice straw mulching, again with being about 1.8m bamboo cane or withe bar, two ends insert on the ridge, seedbed, middle camber, apart from bed surface about 30cm, with plastic mulching on it, ground film edge soil compaction is obturaged, should be incubated before emerging, moisturizing.Emerge when reaching 30%, throw off the coverings such as straw; Emerge when reaching 70%, should progressively take off film hardening, note drought-relief;
3. field management
3.1. site preparation and fertilization
Plough deeply a heatable brick bed soil, tilling depth > 30cm, spreads fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner and base manure, ploughs deeply and bury, mix, wholely carefully raking, hold surrounding drain ditch successfully, is advisable with furrow width 30cm between distance between the ridges 80cm, ridge face width 50cm, ridge height 30cm, ridge in plantation ridge, require that ridge is straight, face is put down, fill with overlay film after sufficient liquid dung, stretched to pave by film and be close to face, ridge, the compacting of film edge fine earth is obturaged;
3.2. field planting
The seedling raising and transplanting time is the 3-5 month, every mu of field planting 5500-6000 nest, and by red sage root planting seedlings in the nest of ridge, seedling just will planted, and to obturage fenestra with fine earth around seedling, bud seedling earthing will cover bud, and other seedling earthing to next leaf, then waters normal root water in time with clear liquid dung;
3.3. foliage spray
The foliage spray time is early June and early September, before selecting at 9 in fine day morning or after at 4 in afternoon, evenly sprays foliage fertilizer to blade face;
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest
Root rot: be multiplely born in vegetative period and harvest time, endangers very large; Diseased plant is pulled out immediately after morbidity; Timely pick and process; Period of disease 50% Tuzet wetting powder, 1000 times of perfusions;
Powdery mildew: occur in the 7-10 month; Morbidity blade back and petiole are covered with white powder, leaf are turned yellow withered; Prevention and controls: crop rotation, leisure, attention watering, fertilizing; With 0.3 Baume degrees lime sulfur or the 800-1000 times of liquid control of 50% topsin wetting powder during morbidity;
Root knot nematode disease: occur in the 7-10 month; With 0.9% Avermectin (avermectin missible oil), 800 times of liquid or 90% trichlorphon, 800 times of liquid irrigating roots during morbidity;
Cutworm: with larva harm, bite rhizome broken; Prevention and controls: use the fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed; Light trap adult; Dress seed by grain weight 0.1% with 75% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; Emergence period is with pourings such as 90% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid; Artificial capture method or period poison bait;
Grub: endanger with larva; Prevention and controls: 90% trichlorphon 1000 times liquid or 4.5% high chlorine cyanogen 2000-3000 times of liquid or the pungent 3000-4000 of 25% high chlorine times liquid irrigating root;
5. red rooted salvia raw material are gathered
Red sage root blade and inflorescence contain the water soluble ingredient similar to root and pharmacologically active, and be wherein rich in the various active compositions such as flavonoids, phenolic acid class, trace element in red sage root leaf, red sage root inflorescence contains essential oil and anthocyan has stronger antioxidation activity; So the red rooted salvia utilizing red sage root blade and inflorescence to make has great Development volue and wide market prospects;
When red sage root inflorescence in river launched completely and not yet bloomed July, before selecting at 11 in the morning or after at 3 in afternoon, whole inflorescence is taken by bennet base portion.Before at 11 in morning early December or after at 3 in afternoon, pluck red sage root tender leaf;
6. medicinal material is gathered and process
In gathering without sleet sky of late January late December to next year; With the distance ground 5cm red sage root acrial part cauline leaf that lancinates, dig along ridge to by complete for red sage root nest band soil, choose clean earth with bamboo cutter, avoid and hinder root, folding root, classified placement is answered to the red sage root after gathering, red sage root bar gather rearmounted shady and cool ventilation place reach fifty percent dry time, removing LU, root of the tail, fibrous root and earth, pinch along bunchy with hand by root bar, stack 5-7 days, moisture in root is fully outwards appeared until red sage root bar darkens, then airing is to absolutely dry.
Red rooted salvia gather after the useless branch of the acrial part leaf that gives up adopt steam distillation to produce essential oil, the essential oil spray that content is 3g/L is configured to after this essential oil ethanol hydrotropy, then spray 2L essential oil spray with the dry root bar of every 100kg red sage root to spray, dry after spray, red sage root stacking height must not more than 1.2m, place should keep ventilated, sanitation and hygiene.
Described soil conditioner is active carbon or charcoal powder 200-350kg/ mu, phytic acid 50kg/ mu, ascorbic acid 2.5kg/ mu, EDTA-iron 2kg/ mu, EDTA-magnesium 1.5kg/ mu, and above-mentioned raw materials adds water granulation.Described base manure is the night soil or animal dung 700kg/ mu that become thoroughly decomposed, and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae polysaccharide extracts residue 100kg/ mu, urea 12kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu, cobalt chloride 0.3kg/ mu, sodium molybdate 0.3kg/ mu, is sprinkled into soil after above-mentioned raw materials mixing.
Described foliage fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5g/L, tyrosine 0.5g/L, yeast extract 200mg/L, silver nitrate 8.5mg/L, arachidonic acid 1mg/L, Tween-80 consumption are 0.2ml/L.
Useful achievement of the present invention: the present invention is directed to the river red sage root new varieties with independent intellectual property right and formulate scientific and reasonable high-valued cultivation step, not only increase river red sage root kind shoot survival percent and root yield quality, and the blade of reasonable timely collecting, bud can improve place of production income as the raw material of red rooted salvia in planting process.The red sage root " No. 1, the river red sage root " by name of the present invention's cultivation, " No. 1, the river red sage root " is herbaceos perennial, and complete stool is close by pubescence.Plant height 60-75cm, stem four rhombus, tool branch.Leaf is to life, and 3 or 5 go out winglike compound leaf, dark green leaf color, and two sides is by hair, and there is sawtooth at edge.Blade oval and large, leaf and point number less, terminal leaflet is large compared with the raw leaflet in side, oval or ellipticity avette, the long 4.5-7.0cm of terminal leaflet, wide 3.3-6.0cm, aspect ratio 1.1-1.6, has petiolule, the long 2.5-7.0cm of rachis, and blade tip is suddenly sharp.The false raceme that wheel umbrella inflorescence composition top is raw or armpit is raw; Calyx mitriform, purple; Corolla aubergine, hairiness ring in cylinder, upper lip helmet shape, lower lip is shorter than upper lip, and 3 split, and middle sliver is maximum; 2 pieces, stamen can be educated, be separated or associating, and be born in lower lip base portion; Flower pesticide purple or yellow-white.Nutlet black, oval.The florescence 4-7 month, the fruit phase 7-9 month." No. 1, the river red sage root " rhizome tubbiness is plump, and there is residual stem foot on top; Radical bar, elongated cylindrical, slightly bending, coarse, appearance is dark red or brick-red, and tool indulges wrinkle, and crust is close to incrust, without obscission; Some branch tool palpus shape radiculas; Matter is hard and crisp, easy to break, the more smooth densification of section, and section, without core, is slightly cutin sample; Gas is micro-, and mildly bitter flavor is puckery.Root cross section institutional framework is cork layer is 4-6 row pinacocytes, marshalling, and suberification degree is higher, has rhytidome tissue to exist; Secondary cortex prosperity is broader, is arranged form by 30-40 row parenchyma cell; Form layer entirety in the form of a ring, wavy bending, the arrangement of 6-8 row cell tight forms, and interfascicular cambium is not obvious; Phloem is narrower, in semilune, about by the cellularity of 3-5 row, and Chang Kejian aubergine material in phloem cell, phloem ray is not obvious; Xylem is broad, and conduit bunchy is generally 8 bundles, radially arranges, and conduit is often restrainted and formed by 2-3 row sclerenchymatous cell, and in formation, layer place is more, in tangential arrangement, is gradually reduced to center conduit; Wood ray is wide, and 10-15 row cell arrangement forms; Fiber bundle is present in the primary xylem of central authorities; Central authorities are vast marrow, and have hollow phenomenon.Root powder is rufous, and lithocyte number is more, and in similar round, rectangle like or irregular shape, diameter 20-80 μm, grows to 260 μm, wall thickness 5-20 μm.Conduit has two types: reticulate vessel and bordered pit vessel, reticulate vessel how long fusiformis, and mesh is carefully narrow, and perforation multidigit is in sidewall; The many rhomboids of bordered pit vessel, and extending transversely is netted bordered pit.Xylem fibre spindle shape, many bunchys exist, pit oblique segmentation gap-like or crosswise.Cork cell's yellowish-brown, the square or polygonal of surperficial class, wall is slightly thick.
Soil conditioner of the present invention can reduce the allelochemical produced in the red sage root cultivation of river and reduce continuous cropping obstacle; Selected base manure contains Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae polysaccharide and extracts residue, and this measure had both achieved twice laid and turn increased soil organic matter content; The foliage fertilizer sprayed in field management contains silver ion, arachidonic acid and yeast extract, and this measure can promote the accumulation of produced river red rooted salvia phenolic acid class and tanshinone compound; The useless branch leaf that gives up produced when river red rooted salvia is gathered can extract essential oil, and this essential oil spraying can reduce in shipping storage to produce on the dry medicinal material of the river red sage root goes mouldy and damages by worms.
The river of the present invention fresh output of the red sage root reaches 800kg/ mu, content of danshinolic acid B is 8.6%, tanshinone IIA content is 0.5%, fresh inflorescence and blade gross yield reach 150kg/ mu, damage by disease and insect incidence is lower than 1%, essential oil yield is 23g/ mu, and after the process of essential oil spray, mouldy and phenomenon of damaging by worms does not occur red rooted salvia substantially.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the high-valued implantation methods of " No. 1, the river red sage root ", comprises the following steps:
1. varietal characteristic
" No. 1, the river red sage root " is herbaceos perennial, and complete stool is close by pubescence.Plant height 60-75cm, stem four rhombus, tool branch.Leaf is to life, and 3 or 5 go out winglike compound leaf, dark green leaf color, and two sides is by hair, and there is sawtooth at edge.Blade oval and large, leaf and point number less, terminal leaflet is large compared with the raw leaflet in side, oval or ellipticity avette, the long 4.5-7.0cm of terminal leaflet, wide 3.3-6.0cm, aspect ratio 1.1-1.6, has petiolule, the long 2.5-7.0cm of rachis, and blade tip is suddenly sharp.The false raceme that wheel umbrella inflorescence composition top is raw or armpit is raw; Calyx mitriform, purple; Corolla aubergine, hairiness ring in cylinder, upper lip helmet shape, lower lip is shorter than upper lip, and 3 split, and middle sliver is maximum; 2 pieces, stamen can be educated, be separated or associating, and be born in lower lip base portion; Flower pesticide purple or yellow-white.Nutlet black, oval.The florescence 4-7 month, the fruit phase 7-9 month." No. 1, the river red sage root " rhizome tubbiness is plump, and there is residual stem foot on top; Radical bar, elongated cylindrical, slightly bending, coarse, appearance is dark red or brick-red, and tool indulges wrinkle, and crust is close to incrust, without obscission; Some branch tool palpus shape radiculas; Matter is hard and crisp, easy to break, the more smooth densification of section, and section, without core, is slightly cutin sample; Gas is micro-, and mildly bitter flavor is puckery.Root cross section institutional framework is cork layer is 4-6 row pinacocytes, marshalling, and suberification degree is higher, has rhytidome tissue to exist; Secondary cortex prosperity is broader, is arranged form by 30-40 row parenchyma cell; Form layer entirety in the form of a ring, wavy bending, the arrangement of 6-8 row cell tight forms, and interfascicular cambium is not obvious; Phloem is narrower, in semilune, about by the cellularity of 3-5 row, and Chang Kejian aubergine material in phloem cell, phloem ray is not obvious; Xylem is broad, and conduit bunchy is generally 8 bundles, radially arranges, and conduit is often restrainted and formed by 2-3 row sclerenchymatous cell, and in formation, layer place is more, in tangential arrangement, is gradually reduced to center conduit; Wood ray is wide, and 10-15 row cell arrangement forms; Fiber bundle is present in the primary xylem of central authorities; Central authorities are vast marrow, and have hollow phenomenon.Root powder is rufous, and lithocyte number is more, and in similar round, rectangle like or irregular shape, diameter 20-80 μm, grows to 260 μm, wall thickness 5-20 μm.Conduit has two types: reticulate vessel and bordered pit vessel, reticulate vessel how long fusiformis, and mesh is carefully narrow, and perforation multidigit is in sidewall; The many rhomboids of bordered pit vessel, and extending transversely is netted bordered pit.Xylem fibre spindle shape, many bunchys exist, pit oblique segmentation gap-like or crosswise.Cork cell's yellowish-brown, the square or polygonal of surperficial class, wall is slightly thick.
2. planting site is selected
" No. 1, the river red sage root " should ensure that average sunshine duration is >1300 hour suitable planting, total solar radiation amount >85 kilocalorie/cm
2year, average temperature of the whole year >14 DEG C, effective accumulated temperature >5000 DEG C, frost-free season >230 days, annual rainfall >1000 millimeter, humid climate, relative moisture about 80%.Planting site soil should by calcareous purple sandy sandstone plum of uniting under Cretaceous System, aleurolite, the shale weathering purple soil that formed and paddy soil, quality is mainly earth in chiltern, it is sticky, sand ratio is moderate, can venting and water permeable, again can preserve moisture and fertility, water, gas are coordinated, and tilth is good, and the root growth being conducive to red rooted salvia is grown.These soil soil layers are deep, the plow layer degree of depth reaches more than 40 centimetres, content of organic matter >14g/kg, full nitrogen >1g/kg, available nitrogen >70mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >20mg/kg, the effective iron >35mg/kg of available potassium >70mg/kg, effective manganese >380mg/kg, Available cupper >0.75mg/kg, pH value 6.0 – 8.5.
3. seed selection nursery
Select that root bar is comparatively straight, color and luster is purplish red, size is even, without the annual root bar of lopsided, crack-free, anosis worm, diameter 5-10mm, every mu of kind root consumption about 50kg.Choose satisfactory bar when picking time receives and digs, make bunchy in order, carry out Tu Zang or sand Tibetan; Also can in breeding plot, robust growth of selecting and remain, plant without damage by disease and insect, when nursery, namely dig and namely plant.
Seedling raise period is mid-February in December to next year.The process of kind of root first with 150-200 μ g/g polyoxin seed soaking root 30min, and then to be soaked seed root 15min with 0.5-1ppm gibberellin.Seedbed selection is leeward, on the sunny side, draining is good, apart from planting nearer soil, wholely, harrow thin, smooth seedbed, the wide 120cm of ridge-up bed, furrow length is determined according to kind of root consumption and landform.Vertical direction along seedbed trend laterally draws ditch, furrow width 15cm, ditch depth 5cm.Kind root after disinfecting is fractureed into root joint by about 2.5cm, and forward (botany top upwards) oblique cutting is in ditch, and nest is apart from about 5cm, and every trench sowing 2 row, existing breaking now inserts.After root earthing, rice straw mulching are inserted in seedbed, then with being about 1.8m bamboo cane or withe bar, two ends insert on the ridge, seedbed, middle camber, and apart from bed surface about 30cm, with plastic mulching on it, ground film edge soil compaction is obturaged.Should be incubated before emerging, moisturizing.Emerge when reaching 30%, throw off the coverings such as straw; Emerge when reaching 70%, should progressively take off film hardening.Note drought-relief.
4. field management
4.1. site preparation and fertilization
Plough deeply a heatable brick bed soil, tilling depth > 30cm, spreads fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner and base manure, ploughs deeply and bury, mix, and wholely carefully rakes, and holds surrounding drain ditch successfully.Being advisable with furrow width 30cm between distance between the ridges 80cm, ridge face width 50cm, ridge height 30cm, ridge in plantation ridge, requires that ridge is straight, face is put down.Fill with overlay film after sufficient liquid dung, stretched to pave by film and be close to face, ridge, the compacting of film edge fine earth is obturaged.
Described soil conditioner is active carbon or charcoal powder 200-350kg/ mu, phytic acid 50kg/ mu, ascorbic acid 2.5kg/ mu, EDTA-iron 2kg/ mu, EDTA-magnesium 1.5kg/ mu, and above-mentioned raw materials adds water granulation.Described base manure is the night soil or animal dung 700kg/ mu that become thoroughly decomposed, and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae polysaccharide extracts residue 100kg/ mu, urea 12kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu, cobalt chloride 0.3kg/ mu, sodium molybdate 0.3kg/ mu, is sprinkled into soil after above-mentioned raw materials mixing.
4.2. field planting
The seedling raising and transplanting time is the 3-5 month, every mu of field planting 5500-6000 nest.By red sage root planting seedlings in the nest of ridge, seedling just will planted, and to obturage fenestra with fine earth around seedling, bud seedling earthing will cover bud, and other seedling earthing is to next leaf.Normal root water is watered in time again with clear liquid dung.
4.3. foliage spray
The foliage spray time is early June and early September, before selecting at 9 in fine day morning or after at 4 in afternoon, evenly sprays foliage fertilizer to blade face.
Described foliage fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5g/L, tyrosine 0.5g/L, yeast extract 200mg/L, silver nitrate 8.5mg/L, arachidonic acid 1mg/L, Tween-80 consumption are 0.2ml/L.
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest
Root rot: be multiplely born in vegetative period and harvest time, endangers very large.Diseased plant is pulled out immediately after morbidity; Timely pick and process; Period of disease 50% Tuzet wetting powder, 1000 times of perfusions.
Powdery mildew: occur in the 7-10 month.Morbidity blade back and petiole are covered with white powder, leaf are turned yellow withered.Prevention and controls: crop rotation, leisure, attention watering, fertilizing; With 0.3 Baume degrees lime sulfur or the 800-1000 times of liquid control of 50% topsin wetting powder during morbidity.
Root knot nematode disease: occur in the 7-10 month.With 0.9% Avermectin (avermectin missible oil), 800 times of liquid or 90% trichlorphon, 800 times of liquid irrigating roots during morbidity.
Cutworm: with larva harm, bite rhizome broken.Prevention and controls: use the fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed; Light trap adult; Dress seed by grain weight 0.1% with 75% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; Emergence period is with pourings such as 90% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid; Artificial capture method or period poison bait.
Grub: endanger with larva.Prevention and controls: 90% trichlorphon 1000 times liquid or 4.5% high chlorine cyanogen 2000-3000 times of liquid or the pungent 3000-4000 of 25% high chlorine times liquid irrigating root.
6. red rooted salvia raw material are gathered
Red sage root blade and inflorescence contain the water soluble ingredient similar to root and pharmacologically active.Wherein be rich in the various active compositions such as flavonoids, phenolic acid class, trace element in red sage root leaf, red sage root inflorescence contains essential oil and anthocyan has stronger antioxidation activity.So the red rooted salvia utilizing red sage root blade and inflorescence to make has great Development volue and wide market prospects.
When red sage root inflorescence in river launched completely and not yet bloomed July, before selecting at 11 in the morning or after at 3 in afternoon, whole inflorescence is taken by bennet base portion.Before at 11 in morning early December or after at 3 in afternoon, pluck red sage root tender leaf.
7. medicinal material is gathered and process
In gathering without sleet sky of late January late December to next year.With the distance ground 5cm red sage root acrial part cauline leaf that lancinates.Dig along ridge to by complete for red sage root nest band soil, chosen clean earth with bamboo cutter, avoided and hinder root, folding root.Classified placement is answered to the red sage root after gathering.Red sage root bar gather rearmounted shady and cool ventilation place reach fifty percent dry time, removing LU, root of the tail, fibrous root and earth, to be pinched by root bar along bunchy, stack 5-7 days, the moisture in root is fully outwards appeared until red sage root bar darkens, then airing is to absolutely dry with hand.
Red rooted salvia gather after the useless branch of the acrial part leaf that gives up adopt steam distillation to produce essential oil, the essential oil spray that content is 3g/L is configured to after this essential oil ethanol hydrotropy, then spray 2L essential oil spray with the dry root bar of every 100kg red sage root to spray, dry after spray.Red sage root stacking height must not more than 1.2m, and place should keep ventilated, sanitation and hygiene.
Claims (3)
1. an implantation methods for red sage root new varieties, its technical scheme is as follows: planting site is selected, seed selection nursery, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, red rooted salvia raw material are gathered, medicinal material is gathered and process, and its concrete operation step is:
(1) planting site is selected
" No. 1, the river red sage root " should ensure that average sunshine duration is >1300 hour suitable planting, total solar radiation amount >85 kilocalorie/cm
2year, average temperature of the whole year >14 DEG C, effective accumulated temperature >5000 DEG C, frost-free season >230 days, annual rainfall >1000 millimeter, humid climate, relative moisture about 80%, planting site soil should by calcareous purple sandy sandstone plum of uniting under Cretaceous System, aleurolite, the purple soil of shale weathering formation and paddy soil, quality is mainly earth in chiltern, it glues, sand ratio is moderate, can venting and water permeable, again can preserve moisture and fertility, water, gas is coordinated, and tilth is good, the root growth being conducive to red rooted salvia is grown, these soil soil layers are deep, the plow layer degree of depth reaches more than 40 centimetres, content of organic matter >14g/kg, full nitrogen >1g/kg, available nitrogen >70mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >20mg/kg, the effective iron >35mg/kg of available potassium >70mg/kg, effective manganese >380mg/kg, Available cupper >0.75mg/kg, pH value 6.0 – 8.5,
(2) seed selection nursery
Select that root bar is comparatively straight, color and luster is purplish red, size is even, without the annual root bar of lopsided, crack-free, anosis worm, diameter 5-10mm, every mu of kind root consumption about 50kg; Choose satisfactory bar when picking time receives and digs, make bunchy in order, carry out Tu Zang or sand Tibetan; Also can in breeding plot, robust growth of selecting and remain, plant without damage by disease and insect, when nursery, namely dig and namely plant;
Seedling raise period is mid-February in December to next year, plant root process first with 150-200 μ g/g polyoxin seed soaking root 30min, and then with 0.5-1ppm gibberellin seed soaking root 15min, seedbed is selected leeward, on the sunny side, draining is good, apart from planting nearer soil, wholely, rake is thin, smooth seedbed, the wide 120cm of ridge-up bed, furrow length is determined according to kind of root consumption and landform, vertical direction along seedbed trend laterally draws ditch, furrow width 15cm, ditch depth 5cm, kind root after disinfecting is fractureed into root joint by about 2.5cm, forward (botany top upwards) oblique cutting is in ditch, nest is apart from about 5cm, every trench sowing 2 row, now disconnected existing slotting, root earthing is inserted in seedbed, after rice straw mulching, again with being about 1.8m bamboo cane or withe bar, two ends insert on the ridge, seedbed, middle camber, apart from bed surface about 30cm, with plastic mulching on it, ground film edge soil compaction is obturaged, should be incubated before emerging, moisturizing.Emerge when reaching 30%, throw off the coverings such as straw; Emerge when reaching 70%, should progressively take off film hardening, note drought-relief;
(3) field management
3.1. site preparation and fertilization
Plough deeply a heatable brick bed soil, tilling depth > 30cm, spreads fertilizer over the fields soil conditioner and base manure, ploughs deeply and bury, mix, wholely carefully raking, hold surrounding drain ditch successfully, is advisable with furrow width 30cm between distance between the ridges 80cm, ridge face width 50cm, ridge height 30cm, ridge in plantation ridge, require that ridge is straight, face is put down, fill with overlay film after sufficient liquid dung, stretched to pave by film and be close to face, ridge, the compacting of film edge fine earth is obturaged;
3.2. field planting
The seedling raising and transplanting time is the 3-5 month, every mu of field planting 5500-6000 nest, and by red sage root planting seedlings in the nest of ridge, seedling just will planted, and to obturage fenestra with fine earth around seedling, bud seedling earthing will cover bud, and other seedling earthing to next leaf, then waters normal root water in time with clear liquid dung;
3.3. foliage spray
The foliage spray time is early June and early September, before selecting at 9 in fine day morning or after at 4 in afternoon, evenly sprays foliage fertilizer to blade face;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest
Root rot: be multiplely born in vegetative period and harvest time, endangers very large; Diseased plant is pulled out immediately after morbidity; Timely pick and process; Period of disease 50% Tuzet wetting powder, 1000 times of perfusions;
Powdery mildew: occur in the 7-10 month; Morbidity blade back and petiole are covered with white powder, leaf are turned yellow withered; Prevention and controls: crop rotation, leisure, attention watering, fertilizing; With 0.3 Baume degrees lime sulfur or the 800-1000 times of liquid control of 50% topsin wetting powder during morbidity;
Root knot nematode disease: occur in the 7-10 month; With 0.9% Avermectin (avermectin missible oil), 800 times of liquid or 90% trichlorphon, 800 times of liquid irrigating roots during morbidity;
Cutworm: with larva harm, bite rhizome broken; Prevention and controls: use the fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed; Light trap adult; Dress seed by grain weight 0.1% with 75% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate; Emergence period is with pourings such as 90% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid; Artificial capture method or period poison bait;
Grub: endanger with larva; Prevention and controls: 90% trichlorphon 1000 times liquid or 4.5% high chlorine cyanogen 2000-3000 times of liquid or the pungent 3000-4000 of 25% high chlorine times liquid irrigating root;
(5) red rooted salvia raw material are gathered
Red sage root blade and inflorescence contain the water soluble ingredient similar to root and pharmacologically active, and be wherein rich in the various active compositions such as flavonoids, phenolic acid class, trace element in red sage root leaf, red sage root inflorescence contains essential oil and anthocyan has stronger antioxidation activity; So the red rooted salvia utilizing red sage root blade and inflorescence to make has great Development volue and wide market prospects;
When red sage root inflorescence in river launched completely and not yet bloomed July, before selecting at 11 in the morning or after at 3 in afternoon, whole inflorescence is taken by bennet base portion.Before at 11 in morning early December or after at 3 in afternoon, pluck red sage root tender leaf;
(6) medicinal material is gathered and process
In gathering without sleet sky of late January late December to next year; With the distance ground 5cm red sage root acrial part cauline leaf that lancinates, dig along ridge to by complete for red sage root nest band soil, choose clean earth with bamboo cutter, avoid and hinder root, folding root, classified placement is answered to the red sage root after gathering, red sage root bar gather rearmounted shady and cool ventilation place reach fifty percent dry time, removing LU, root of the tail, fibrous root and earth, pinch along bunchy with hand by root bar, stack 5-7 days, moisture in root is fully outwards appeared until red sage root bar darkens, then airing is to absolutely dry;
Red rooted salvia gather after the useless branch of the acrial part leaf that gives up adopt steam distillation to produce essential oil, the essential oil spray that content is 3g/L is configured to after this essential oil ethanol hydrotropy, then spray 2L essential oil spray with the dry root bar of every 100kg red sage root to spray, dry after spray, red sage root stacking height must not more than 1.2m, place should keep ventilated, sanitation and hygiene.
2. according to the implantation methods of a kind of red sage root new varieties according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described soil conditioner is active carbon or charcoal powder 200-350kg/ mu, phytic acid 50kg/ mu, ascorbic acid 2.5kg/ mu, EDTA-iron 2kg/ mu, EDTA-magnesium 1.5kg/ mu, above-mentioned raw materials adds water granulation.Described base manure is the night soil or animal dung 700kg/ mu that become thoroughly decomposed, and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae polysaccharide extracts residue 100kg/ mu, urea 12kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu, cobalt chloride 0.3kg/ mu, sodium molybdate 0.3kg/ mu, is sprinkled into soil after above-mentioned raw materials mixing.
3., according to the implantation methods of a kind of red sage root new varieties according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described foliage fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5g/L, tyrosine 0.5g/L, yeast extract 200mg/L, silver nitrate 8.5mg/L, arachidonic acid 1mg/L, Tween-80 consumption are 0.2ml/L.
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