CN112997786B - Method for planting bletilla striata under phellodendron trees with rust prevention and control functions - Google Patents
Method for planting bletilla striata under phellodendron trees with rust prevention and control functions Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting bletilla striata in phellodendron under forest with effect of preventing and treating rust disease of bletilla striata, belonging to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials under forest, comprising the following steps: (S1) land selection, (S2) land preparation, (S3) bletilla striata germchit selection, (S4) bletilla striata germchit planting, (S5) daily management; the invention provides an under-forest bletilla striata planting method with effect of preventing and treating bletilla striata rust disease, which can effectively prevent and treat the occurrence of the bletilla striata rust disease of under-forest phellodendron, reduce the use of pesticides in the bletilla striata planting process, reduce the cost of the pesticides, reduce the cost of manual pesticide spraying, and reduce the pollution of the pesticides to bletilla striata and growth soil; the method is near to the natural growth environment in the forest, can promote the good growth of the bletilla striata, improves the quality of the bletilla striata, and has higher economic, ecological and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of under-forest traditional Chinese medicinal material planting, in particular to an under-forest bletilla striata planting method of a woody plant medicament, namely golden cypress, with the effect of preventing and treating rust diseases of the bletilla striata.
Background
Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f.) is an orchid family, belongs to perennial herb, is taken as a medicine by using dry tubers, has the effects of astringing to stop bleeding, reducing swelling and promoting tissue regeneration, is a genuine precious medicinal material in Guizhou, and has a long history of medication. In modern researches, the bletilla has better antibacterial and antitumor effects. In addition, the bletilla striata is widely applied to the aspects of medicine, chemical engineering, cosmetology and the like. The application of bletilla striata as a special medicinal plant with medicine, food, industry and health care and appreciation is continuously expanded, so that the market demand of the bletilla striata tubers is increased rapidly, however, wild resources are reduced sharply and almost exhausted, the current demand cannot be met, and artificial cultivation becomes an important means for solving the shortage of the bletilla striata resources and meeting the market demand.
With the rapid growth of the artificial planting scale of the bletilla striata, the types and the damage degree of the diseases of the bletilla striata are gradually increased, wherein the rust disease of the bletilla striata is one of the common diseases of the bletilla striata, is caused by fungal microbial pathogens, has large damage and is difficult to control. At present, common prevention and treatment methods for the rust diseases of the rhizoma bletillae are medicament prevention and treatment, and prevention and treatment medicaments comprise thiophanate methyl, triazolone emulsion, chlorothalonil wettable powder, zineb wettable powder and the like. The use of the control medicines harms the ecological environment, has poor control effect on the white and rust diseases and also has influence on the quality of the bletilla striata. The rapid development of artificial bletilla striata planting enables the artificial bletilla striata planting area to be continuously enlarged, and at present, the artificial bletilla striata planting mainly occupies agricultural cultivated land and seriously affects grain production.
In recent years, the forest resource area of China is continuously increased, the forest coverage rate is continuously increased, but the development degree and the utilization rate are relatively low. The under-forest economy is a composite production system formed by reasonably planting and breeding animals, plants, microorganisms and the like which are suitable for growing under the forest by fully utilizing the space of the forest with the help of the forest ecological environment and the ecological system. The forest-medicine mode is a cultivation mode for planting the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the forest, fully utilizes land resources, is close to a natural growth environment, and can improve the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Phellodendron bark (Phellodendron chinense Schneid.), also called Phellodendron bark of Sichuan, is a deciduous tree of Phellodendron genus of Rutaceae family, is a rare protective plant in China, and is commonly called as a medicinal herb of three major woody plants together with cortex magnoliae officinalis and eucommia bark. Cortex Phellodendri can be used as internal medicine, has effects of clearing heat, eliminating dampness, clearing pathogenic fire, relieving fever, and eliminating asthenic fever, has unique antifungal effect, and can be widely used clinically.
The generation of rust and the use of rust prevention and control medicines in the artificial planting process of the bletilla striata seriously affect the yield and the quality of the bletilla striata, and the finding of a green prevention and control method of the rust of the bletilla striata has important significance for the healthy development of the bletilla striata industry. Under the background of preventing 'non-grain' of the farmland, the artificial planting of bletilla striata urgently needs to change the planting mode of the traditional agricultural farmland. Bletilla striata is a heliophilous plant, wild bletilla striata generally grows in mountain forest weeds with the elevation of 600-1200 m, and conditions are provided for the under-forest development of bletilla striata. At present, certain research is carried out on the cultivation of rhizoma bletillae under artificial forests in China, but the main research is focused on mangnolia officinalis forests, masson pine, phyllostachys pubescens forests and the like. Phellodendron bark, cortex phellodendri, as one of the three woody plant drugs, is distributed in regions such as Jiangkou county, Guiding county, Tungcata county, etc., of Guizhou province. The dried bark of cortex Phellodendri has unique antifungal effect, and the leaf of cortex Phellodendri also has antifungal activity inhibiting effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an under-forest economic planting method of a woody medicinal plant and a herbaceous medicinal plant composite type, and the under-forest economic planting method has good green prevention and control effects on white rust and rust diseases. By the method, the utilization rate of forest land space can be improved, the planting cost is reduced, the artificial planting adaptability and respective medicinal value of rhizoma bletillae and cortex phellodendri are improved, and the ecological, social and economic benefits are higher.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for planting bletilla striata in phellodendron under forest, which has the effect of preventing and treating the rust disease of the bletilla striata, and comprises the following steps:
a method for planting bletilla striata under phellodendron trees with effect of preventing and treating rust disease of bletilla striata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) selecting: selecting an artificially planted phellodendron amurense forest land which grows for more than 5 years, wherein the slope of the forest land is 15-30 degrees, the soil texture of the forest land is sandy loam, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, the organic matter content of the soil is high, the organic matter content is 20-50 g/kg, the light of the forest land is good, and the canopy density is 30-50%.
(S2) preparing soil: removing impurities on the ground, ploughing the soil by 20-35 cm, applying 1000-2000 kg/mu of decomposed cow dung after being placed for 2 weeks during ploughing, then applying 15-30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, uniformly mixing the soil and the fertilizer, leveling the soil, arranging a furrow surface with the width of 100-120 cm and the height of 20-25 cm, and digging a drainage ditch.
(S3) selecting bletilla striata germchit: the annual common bletilla pseudobulb seedling with pseudobulb is selected to grow well, has no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage, has 3 to 4 leaves and a plant height of more than 10 cm.
(S4) planting the bletilla striata seedlings: planting pits with the depth and the diameter of about 5 cm-8 cm are arranged on the surface of the ridge, the planting density is 20 cm-25 cm multiplied by 20 cm-25 cm, roots are well protected during planting, the pseudobulb is covered by soil for 3 cm-4 cm, and 1-2 bletilla striata seedlings are planted in each pit.
(S5) daily management: weeding, wherein bletilla striata seedling is small, grows slowly in the same year and is easily covered by weeds, the weeding work needs to be carried out, the weeds are removed for 4-5 times in the same year, 3-4 times in the next year and 2-3 times in the third year, and the bletilla striata seedling is prevented from being injured in weeding; water management, the bletilla striata prefers a humid environment and is afraid of water accumulation, watering is needed in time in dry weather in summer, and drainage is dredged in time in rainy season or heavy rain, so that root rot of the bletilla striata is prevented; topdressing, wherein the bletilla striata prefers fertilizer, topdressing compound fertilizer is mainly applied, and 10 kg-20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied at the end of 6 months in the vigorous growth period and 8 months in the nutrition accumulation period of the pseudobulb every year; controlling the canopy density, and manually pruning branches of the phellodendron amurense in the spring of the next year after planting to keep the canopy density of the phellodendron amurense forest at 30-50%.
Further, in the step (S1), the forest is a specific Phellodendron bark forest, the Phellodendron bark is Phellodendron bark (Phellodendron chinense Schneid.) of rutaceae, also called Phellodendron chinense, which is deciduous tree, the Phellodendron bark is artificially planted and grown for more than 5 years, and the planting density of the Phellodendron bark is 2 m-3 m × 2 m-3 m; the texture of the soil under the forest is loose, the soil is suitable for growth of bletilla striata, the soil is sandy loam, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, the organic matter content of the soil is high, and the organic matter content is 20-50 g/kg; the artificial pruning ensures better light under the forest, and the canopy density is 30-50 percent.
Further, when the impurities on the ground are removed in the step (S2), detecting the withered and fallen leaves of phellodendron, decomposing the withered and fallen leaves of phellodendron and cow dung for 2 weeks, applying 1000 kg-2000 kg/mu of decomposed cow dung mixed with the withered and fallen leaves of phellodendron for 2 weeks during ploughing, and arranging a bed surface according to the bed width of 100 cm-120 cm and the bed height of 20 cm-25 cm; and (3) a drainage ditch is formed, the width of the ditch is 30-40 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 20-30 cm.
Further, in the step (S3), the bletilla striata seedlings grow well, are free of plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage, have 3-4 leaves, are higher than 10cm in plant height, and are annual bletilla striata seedling with pseudo bulbs.
Further, in the step (S4), planting pits with the depth and the diameter of about 5-8 cm are arranged on the ridge surface, the planting density is 20-25 cm multiplied by 20-25 cm, roots are well protected during planting, pseudo bulbs are covered by soil for 3-4 cm, and 1-2 bletilla striata seedlings are planted in each pit.
Further, in the daily management method in the step (S5), the bletilla striata seedlings are small and grow slowly in the same year and are easily covered by weeds, attention is paid to weeding work, the bletilla striata seedlings are prevented from being damaged during weeding, and the yellow corktree bark withered leaves are laid on the ridge surface during weeding. The water management is that the bletilla striata prefers to be wet and accumulated water, watering is carried out in time in dry weather in summer, and drainage is dredged in time in rainy season or heavy rain, so that root rot of the bletilla striata is prevented. Topdressing, wherein the bletilla striata prefers fertilizer, topdressing compound fertilizer is mainly applied, and 10 kg-20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied at the end of 6 months in the vigorous growth period and 8 months in the nutrition accumulation period of the pseudobulb every year; controlling the canopy density, and manually pruning branches of the phellodendron amurense in the spring of the next year after planting to keep the canopy density of the phellodendron amurense forest at 30-50%.
Compared with the prior art, the bletilla striata rust prevention and treatment method provided by the invention can effectively prevent and treat the occurrence of the bletilla striata rust, promote good growth of the bletilla striata, simultaneously save the application of pesticides, reduce the labor and pesticide costs, avoid polluting the under-forest environment, and improve the quality of the bletilla striata.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for planting bletilla striata under phellodendron trees with effect of preventing and treating rust disease of bletilla striata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) selecting the ground: selecting an artificially planted phellodendron amurense forest land which grows for 8 years, wherein the slope of the forest land is 20 degrees, the soil texture of the forest land is sandy loam, the pH value of the soil is 7.0, the organic matter content of the soil is high, the organic matter content is 30g/kg, the light of the forest land is good, and the canopy density is 50 percent.
(S2) preparing soil: removing impurities on the ground, ploughing the soil by 25cm, applying 1500 kg/mu of decomposed cow dung after being placed for 2 weeks during ploughing, applying 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, uniformly mixing the soil and the fertilizer, finely raking the soil, arranging a furrow surface with the width of 120cm and the height of 20cm, and digging a drainage ditch.
(S3) selecting bletilla striata seedlings: the annual common bletilla pseudobulb seedling with pseudobulb is selected to grow well, has no plant diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage, has 3-4 seedling leaves and a plant height of more than 10 cm.
(S4) planting the bletilla striata seedlings: planting pits with the depth and the diameter of about 8cm are arranged on the surface of the ridge, the planting density is 20cm multiplied by 20cm, roots are well protected during planting, the pseudobulb is covered by soil for 4cm, and 1 bletilla striata seedling is planted in each pit.
(S5) daily management: weeding, wherein the bletilla striata seedling is small, grows slowly in the current year and is easily covered by weeds, the weeding work needs to be carried out, the bletilla striata seedling is weeded for 4 times in the current year, 3 times are weeded in the next year, 2 times are weeded in the third year, and the bletilla striata seedling is prevented from being damaged in the weeding process; water management, the bletilla striata prefers a humid environment and is afraid of water accumulation, watering is needed in time in dry weather in summer, and drainage is dredged in time in rainy season or heavy rain, so that root rot of the bletilla striata is prevented; topdressing, wherein bletilla striata prefers to be fertilized, topdressing compound fertilizer is mainly applied, and 10 kg/mu of the compound fertilizer is applied at the end of 6 months in a vigorous growth period and 8 months in a false bulb nutrition accumulation period every year; controlling the canopy density, and manually pruning branches of the phellodendron amurense in the spring of the next year of planting to keep the canopy density of the phellodendron amurense forest at 50 percent.
Further, in the step (S1), the forest is a specific Phellodendron bark forest, the Phellodendron bark is Phellodendron bark (Phellodendron chinense Schneid.) of rutaceae, also called Phellodendron chinense, deciduous tree, the Phellodendron bark is artificially planted and grown for 8 years, and the planting density of the Phellodendron bark is 3m × 3 m; the texture of the soil under the forest is loose, the soil is suitable for growth of bletilla striata, the soil is sandy loam, the pH value of the soil is 7.0, and the organic matter content of the soil is high (the organic matter content is 30 g/kg); the artificial pruning ensures better light under the forest (the canopy density is 50%).
Further, when the impurities on the ground are removed in the step (S2), detecting the phellodendron withered and fallen leaves, allowing the phellodendron withered and fallen leaves and the cow dung to be thoroughly decomposed for 2 weeks, allowing 1500 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed cow dung mixed with the phellodendron withered and fallen leaves to be placed for 2 weeks during plowing, and setting a furrow surface according to a furrow width of 120cm and a furrow height of 20 cm; and (5) a drainage ditch is formed, the width of the ditch is 30, and the depth of the ditch is 30 cm.
Further, in the step (S3), the bletilla striata seedlings grow well without diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage, the number of the leaves of the bletilla striata seedlings is 3-4, the plant height is more than 10cm, and the annual bletilla striata seedlings with pseudo bulbs grow.
Further, planting pits with the depth and the diameter of about 8cm are arranged on the ridge surface in the step (S4), the planting density is 20cm multiplied by 20cm, roots are well protected during planting, the pseudobulb is covered by soil for 4cm, and 1 bletilla striata seedling is planted in each pit.
Further, the daily management method of the step (S5). Weeding, wherein the bletilla striata seedling is small, the bletilla striata seedling grows slowly in the same year and is easily covered by weeds, the weeding work needs to be paid attention, the bletilla striata seedling is prevented from being damaged during weeding, and the yellow corktree bark withered leaves are flatly laid on the surface of a furrow during weeding. The water management is that the bletilla striata prefers to be wet and accumulated water, watering is carried out in time in dry weather in summer, and drainage is dredged in time in rainy season or heavy rain, so that root rot of the bletilla striata is prevented. Topdressing, wherein bletilla striata prefers to be fertilized, topdressing compound fertilizer is mainly applied, and 10 kg/mu of the compound fertilizer is applied at the end of 6 months in a vigorous growth period and 8 months in a false bulb nutrition accumulation period every year; controlling the canopy density, and manually pruning branches of the phellodendron amurense in the spring of the next year after planting to keep the canopy density of the phellodendron amurense forest at 50 percent.
Example 2
The bletilla striata cultivation demonstration test is carried out, the bletilla striata field planting is used as a control group in the test, the phellodendron amurense under-forest bletilla striata planting method is used as a test group, the test is started in 1 month in 2018, and the test address is along the mountain town in Guiding county of Guizhou province. The two treatment groups are in the same region, but are isolated from each other and have the same area. And comparing the incidence of the bletilla striata rust diseases in the test process, and comparing the content of the bletilla striata polysaccharide in the tubers when the collection is finished.
And (3) test results:
it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to encompass such modifications and variations.
Claims (4)
1. A method for planting bletilla striata under phellodendron trees with effect of preventing and treating rust disease of bletilla striata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) selecting the ground: selecting an artificially planted phellodendron amurense forest land which grows for more than 5 years, wherein the slope of the forest land is 15-30 degrees, the soil texture of the forest land is sandy loam, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, the organic matter content of the soil is high, the organic matter content is 20-50 g/kg, the light of the forest land is good, and the canopy density is 30-50%;
(S2) preparing soil: removing impurities on the ground, ploughing the soil by 20-35 cm, applying decomposed cow dung during ploughing, applying 15-30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, uniformly mixing the soil and the fertilizer, finely leveling the soil, arranging a ridge surface and digging a drainage ditch;
(S3) selecting bletilla striata germchit: selecting annual common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings which grow well, do not have diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage, have 3 to 4 leaves and plant heights of more than 10cm and are provided with pseudobulbs;
(S4) planting the bletilla striata seedlings: arranging planting pits on the surface of the ridge, wherein the planting density is 20 cm-25 cm multiplied by 20 cm-25 cm, protecting roots during planting, and covering pseudo bulbs with soil;
(S5) daily management: weeding, wherein the bletilla striata seedling is small, grows slowly in the same year and is easily covered by weeds, the weeding work needs to be carried out, the bletilla striata seedling is weeded for 4-5 times in the same year, 3-4 times in the next year and 2-3 times in the third year, and the bletilla striata seedling is prevented from being damaged in the weeding process; water management, the bletilla striata prefers a humid environment and is afraid of water accumulation, watering is needed in time in dry weather in summer, and drainage is dredged in time in rainy season or heavy rain, so that root rot of the bletilla striata is prevented; topdressing, wherein bletilla striata prefers to fertilize, the topdressing compound fertilizer is taken as a main component, and 10 kg-20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu at the end of 6 months in a vigorous growth period and 8 months in a pseudo bulb nutrition accumulation period every year; controlling the canopy density, and manually pruning branches of the phellodendron amurense in the spring of the next year after planting to keep the canopy density of the phellodendron amurense forest at 30-50%.
2. The method for planting bletilla striata in phellodendron amurense forest with effect of preventing and treating rust diseases of bletilla striata according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (S1), the forest is a specific phellodendron bark forest, the phellodendron bark is phellodendron bark tree of Rutaceae, also called Chuanbai, and is deciduous tree, and the planting density of the phellodendron bark is 2 m-3 m × 2 m-3 m.
3. The method for planting bletilla striata in phellodendron amurense forest with effect of preventing and treating rust diseases of bletilla striata according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the sundries on the ground are removed in the step (S2), detecting the phellodendron litters, decomposing the phellodendron litters and cattle manure for 2 weeks, placing the decomposed cattle manure mixed with the phellodendron litters for 1000 kg-2000 kg/mu for 2 weeks during plowing, and arranging a furrow surface according to the furrow width of 100 cm-120 cm and the furrow height of 20 cm-25 cm; and (3) a drainage ditch is formed, the width of the ditch is 30-40 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 20-30 cm.
4. The method for planting rhizoma bletillae under the forest of cortex phellodendri with the effect of preventing and treating the rust of rhizoma bletillae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (S4), planting pits with the depth and the diameter of about 5 cm-8 cm are arranged on the surface of the ridge, the pseudobulb is covered by soil for 3 cm-4 cm, and 1-2 bletilla striata seedlings are planted in each pit.
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| CN113729023A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-03 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Medicament for preventing and treating rust disease of rhizoma bletillae |
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