CN106068734B - A kind of method of oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis - Google Patents

A kind of method of oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis Download PDF

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CN106068734B
CN106068734B CN201610402073.2A CN201610402073A CN106068734B CN 106068734 B CN106068734 B CN 106068734B CN 201610402073 A CN201610402073 A CN 201610402073A CN 106068734 B CN106068734 B CN 106068734B
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soil
polygonati officinalis
radix polygonati
oil tea
fines
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CN106068734A (en
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沈玉平
张祖姣
黄光文
胡克坚
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Hunan University of Science and Engineering
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

A kind of method of oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis disclosed by the invention, is related to economic forestry planting technology field, its planting process is as follows：(i) the selection of oil tea forest land, is interplanted；(ii), forest land is interplanted to arrange；(iii), treat that kind of forest land arranges：(1), treat that kind of a forest land is fostered and apply fertilizer；(2), furrow are done in forest land；(iv), prepare before plantation：(1), choose seeds；(2), kind of a planting ditch is excavated；(v), plant：(1), the time is transplanted；(2), transplant；(vi), manage：(1), first growth year management；(2), second growth year management；(vii), harvest.With can fertilizing soil, reduce pest and disease damage, prevent erosion, and can improves the yield and quality of oil tea and radix polygonati officinalis, the features such as reducing soil use cost, it is adapted to that the gradient is within 25 °, the age of tree new plantation camellia oleifera lam of 3 10 years interplants Hunan radix polygonati officinalis, can be also adapted to the negative other valuable medicinals of interplanting happiness.

Description

A kind of method of oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis
Technical field
The present invention relates to economic forestry planting technology field, particularly a kind of method of oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel) belongs to Theaceae, is the distinctive oilseed plant in China, and its fruit refines Tea oil color clear flavor incense out, nutritious, storage tolerance, it is important natural green organic health edible oil.Existing oil tea Woods belongs to greatly wildwood, and in the last few years, various regions have carried out substantial amounts of transformation or planted again for low yield, the camellia oleifera lam of aging Plant.Because tea oil tree belongs to xylophyta, growth cycle length, grow into forest slow, oil tea afforestation input is big in addition, and before bearing fruit substantially without Income.Meanwhile after early stage afforests, slash area is big, weeds and pest and disease damage are easily grown, and easily cause soil erosion. Thus, people attempt to interplant other crops in camellia oleifera lam.As Chinese patent (number of patent application 201410380083.1) is public " a kind of day lily, lily, the interplanting method of hickory nut and oil tea " opened, from ready day lily, lily, hickory nut and Oil tea seedling post, is then digged pit on planting site, and day lily, lily and hickory nut are being put into hole, first covered with yellow soil, then One layer of fine earth is being covered thereon, and the oil tea is then to enter oil tea blade oblique cutting into soil, and pours permeable one by tightly with hand It is secondary, you can to complete interplanting, this kind of interplanting method, each crop growth conditions are good, and survival rate is high, and yield is good, economic benefit It is good.
Radix polygonati officinalis [Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce], alias tail ginseng, wither custard, bell gear dish, ground tube, sweet tea Grass roots, it is Liliaceae Polygonatum herbaceos perennial.Radix polygonati officinalis was just begun as China's conventional Chinese medicine before thousands of years with the name for the custard that withers It is loaded in《Sheng Nong's herbal classic》, it is classified as top grade.Radix polygonati officinalis purposes cures mainly dry throat and mouth, vexed palpitaition, promotes the production of body fluid to quench thirst, uses than wide In nourishing yin to moisten dryness, cough caused by dryness-heat, diabetes etc..Moreover, radix polygonati officinalis can more eat as nutrient health, its rhizome and tender Leaf can cooked food.Contain a variety of flavones in radix polygonati officinalis, modern pharmacology research shows that radix polygonati officinalis general flavone has the anti-of obvious inside and outside Oxidation, there is the pharmacological action such as hypoglycemic, immunological regulation, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, antitumor.Artificial growth radix polygonati officinalis has For many years, but it is single cropping mostly, for the radix polygonati officinalis for liking dark and damp environment, the rich water quality management in period is more difficult in full summer.
Chinese patent (number of patent application 201410596766.0) is disclosed " a kind of Hunan radix polygonati officinalis plantation and production method ", Including selection of land, seed selection, sowing, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvest and production, wherein suitable soil is selected, appropriate The production method of seeding method and field management, the effective prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvesting method and rational technology can be effective Raising Hunan radix polygonati officinalis yield and quality.
Another Chinese patent (number of patent application 201510091125.4) is disclosed " a kind of method for cultivating radix polygonati officinalis ", bag Include following steps：(1) selection of land site preparation；(2) seed selection plantation；(3) field management：A, artificial weeding；B, rich water quality management；C, the row of pouring water Water；(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of camellia oleifera lam and the method for Hunan radix polygonati officinalis interplanting, have can fertilizing soil, subtract Few pest and disease damage, prevents erosion, and and can improves the yield and quality of oil tea and radix polygonati officinalis, the features such as reducing soil use cost.
To achieve the above object, the technical measures that the present invention is taken are to invent a kind of side of oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis Method, its planting process are as follows：
(i) the selection of oil tea forest land, is interplanted：
The gradient is selected to be less than 25 °, height above sea level is in 200-500m, leeward to face south, the content of organic matter >=3.0%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=86.0mg/kg, available phosphorus >=23.0mg/kg, available potassium >=43.0mg/kg, soil thickness is in more than 30cm, woodland canopy density Less than 0.5, the age of tree is used as interplanting forest land in 3-10 camellia oleifera lam；
(ii), forest land is interplanted to arrange：
First weeds, the trees interplanted on forest land are connected root and dug out, turns into and treats kind of a forest land；
(iii), treat that kind of forest land arranges：
(1), treat that kind of a forest land is fostered and apply fertilizer：It will first treat that more than 30cm is ploughed deeply in kind of a forest land, and remove weeds and stone, while be by concentration 10-55ppm fenaminosulf presses 1.0-2.0kg/667m2Ratio be sprinkled into soil layer, harrow thin leveling, exposure 5-10 days；Then will Soil base manure I is according to 2000-3000kg/667m2Ratio be manured into soil, then soil cultivated multiple, keeps 2-4 naturally individual month, And pressed 450-560kg/667m with well-rotted farmyard manure water every 10-15 days2Ratio spray native table, turn into foster and apply fertilizer and treat kind of a forest land；
(2), furrow are done in forest land：According to the trend in the ranks of tea oil tree, in the ranks fostering and apply fertilizer outside every row tea oil tree hat width is projected is treated Kind forest land is organized into the kind planting-line of 4-10m length, and wide 15-25cm, deep 25-30cm furrow ditch, the outside of furrow ditch are outputed in the both sides of furrow Edge Distance oil tea butt 30-50cm；Meanwhile along the trend in the ranks of tea oil tree, outputed in the centre of kind of planting-line wide 10-15cm, Deep 15-20cm furrow inter-drain, turns into and treats kind of a ridge-up bed；
(iv), prepare before plantation：
(1), choose seeds：
1., Hunan radix polygonati officinalis seed selection：Select the hypertrophy in the radix polygonati officinalis pig dung tail kind of Hunan, there is the rhizome of yellow-white radical bud as cultivation Cultivate, with dig, it is on-demand, with kind；When meeting rainy weather can not sow, seedling stem is stored at shady and cool ventilation；
2., seedling stem pretreatment：The cultigen chosen is put into the thiophanate methyl solution of 600-1000 times of dilution, solution Seedling stem is covered, 2-5min is soaked, pulls out, dries, turn into and treat kind of a seedling stem；
(2), kind of a planting ditch is excavated：
The deep kind planting ditches of 6-8cm are opened by line-spacing 25-30cm, laterally on kind of ridge-up bed is treated, while are stacked in kind of planting ditch bottom of trench Soil base manure II, thickness are the 1/3-1/2 of ditch depth, then fill up remaining space in ditch with water, are kept for 10-25 days naturally, during which every Added water into ditch every 3-5 days, water is the 10-25% of ditch depth, after water oozes and done, becomes and treats kind of a ditch；
(v), plant：
(1), the time is transplanted：In annual 8-11 months, at dusk or early morning is transplanted；
(2), transplant：
1., treat the processing of kind of ditch：3-7 days before plant, it will treat that kind of a ditch deep-cuts 10-15cm again, be filled to planting soil and treat kind of a ditch The 1/3 of depth, then be filled to plantation fertilizer and treat the 1/2 of Furrow depth, turn into ditch to be planted；
2., seedling stem plant：Will treat kind of seedling stem be cut into 7-10cm length kind section, spacing 7-9cm transversely arranged along bottom of trench, Bud head in the same direction, is put well obliquely, then covers kind of section to treating the 2/3 of Furrow depth with soil base manure II, then with woods soil Remaining space in ditch is filled up, is slightly compacted, then presses 500-1000kg/667m with well-rotted farmyard manure water2Ratio spray native table, And with the rice straw mulching soil table that thickness is 6-8cm, turn into plantation furrow；
(vi), manage：
(1), first growth year management：
1., flip：Emerge within 3 months after plant, when the emergence rate of radix polygonati officinalis reaches 70% on furrow to be planted, remove the rice of covering Grass；
2., thinning：When seedling grows to 5-8cm, sick seedling, thin seedling are removed, and overstocked seedling is carried out to dredge transplanting；
3., fertilising：When height of seedling reaches 7-10cm, early morning after the rain is selected, by N：P：K=15：15：15 composite fertilizer By 5-7kg/667m2Ratio uniform be spilled into soil；Meanwhile excavate wide 3-7cm, deep 10-15cm between two row kind planting ditches Storage fertilizer ditch, decomposed dung is filled up, fertilizer was changed every 2-3 months；
When temperature is higher than 35 DEG C, poured every 5-10 days once permeable；When temperature is less than 30 DEG C, poured every 15-30 days It is once permeable；When meeting rainy season, gutter is dredged in time；
4., weeding：The method combined using chemistry and artificial weeding, glyphosate is sprayed before emergence and carries out comprehensive weeding, is gone out The shallow hoe of after seedling or artificial uprooting weed；
5., winter training cover：Winter falls after seedling and pulls and cut weeds, and one layer of decomposed person poultry muck or farmyard manure are applied above, is used Measure as 1500-2500kg/667m2；Again by dry weeds or rice straw mulching, thickness 5-7cm；
(2), second growth year management：
1., top dressing：Before emergence, decomposed farm manure and urea are uniformly spilled on seedbed, the dosage of farm manure is 1200- 1500kg/667m2, amount of urea 5-7kg/667m2；When height of seedling 7-10cm, then apply N：P：K=15:15:15 composite fertilizer, Dosage is 5-7kg/667m2；
2., removal of impurities：Using manually the weeds of growth are pulled out；
3., the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Pesticide use meets the regulation in the pollution-free food Pesticide use criterions of NY/T393-2000, Conventionally apply, harvest and stop the previous moon to apply any agricultural chemicals；
(vii), harvest：
The 9-11 months in second growth year, you can harvested to radix polygonati officinalis；Such as select harvest within 3 years, then as stated above Continue plantation 1 year, treat that the 3rd grows being harvested in 9-11 months for year；
It should prevent that rhizome is damaged during harvesting, remove coring and soil, clean, produce the radix polygonati officinalis of interplanting.
Described soil base manure I can be by 3 by farm manure, decomposed dung and woods soil：3：4 parts by weight mix, Can also be formed by the raw material mixture of following parts by weight：
Calcium superphosphate 0.5-2.5 farm manure 10-15 ammonium phosphate 1.5-5
Waste residue of Chinese herbs 45-60 leaf 10-15 woods soil 15-25；
Its process for preparation is as follows：First by waste residue of Chinese herbs dry in the shade to moisture be less than 15% when, mix, be processed into leaf Fineves more than 60 mesh；Farm manure, ammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate and fines are mixed, then adds cellulose-decomposing bacterium and adjusts To bacterial content sum in the cuf/g of 1-2 hundred million, it is well mixed, is stacked at moist shady place, handles 15-40 days, mixing must be handled Material；Then processing compound is well mixed with woods soil, produces soil base manure I.
Described soil base manure II can be by 3 by farmyard manure, composite fertilizer and woods soil：1：6 parts by weight mix, Can be formed by the raw material mixture of following parts by weight：
Farmyard manure 20-30 decomposed dung 30-45 radix polygonati officinalis cauline leafs 3-8
The withered 0.5-1.5 microbial functions group 0.05-1.5 of oil tea shell 10-15 oil teas
Waste residue of Chinese herbs 10-20；
Its process for preparation is as follows：First by radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf, oil tea shell, oil tea be withered, waste residue of Chinese herbs is respectively crushed into more than 60 mesh Fines, obtain radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf fines, oil tea shell fines, the withered fines of oil tea, waste residue of Chinese herbs fines；It is again that oil tea shell fines, oil tea is withered The microbial function group mixing of fines, waste residue of Chinese herbs fines and 2/3 parts by weight, and clear water is added thereto, make water content control Make in 15-26%, be then piled into the high material heaps of 10-30cm, fermentation process 20-45 days, turn into just fermentation material；Again to first fermentation Radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf fines and remaining microbial function group are added in material, mixes, is then piled into the high secondary materials of 30-50cm again Heap, and with diaphragm seal, fermentation process 15-28 days, obtain secondary fermentation material；Again by farmyard manure, decomposed dung and secondary hair Ferment material mixes, and produces soil base manure II.
Described microbial function group is one in potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomyces, staphylococcus, saccharomycete Kind or it is a variety of, when for it is two or more when, parts by weight or other ratios such as the ratio of each component is.
Described waste residue of Chinese herbs be in Mycophyta medicinal material, stem folium herbs it is one or more it is extracted after the dregs of a decoction, when For it is two or more when, parts by weight or other ratios such as the ratio of each component is.
Described planting soil can be woods soil or vegetable garden mellow soil or be formed by the raw material mixture of following parts by weight：
Fine sand 1.2-1.5 yellow soils 5-8
Rice-straw ash 0.3-0.5 0.01-0.1% thiophanate methyl solution 0.01-0.05；
Its process for preparation is as follows：First fine sand, yellow soil and rice-straw ash are well mixed, then the methyl support by 0.01-0.1% Cloth Tianjin solution is spilled into, and is stirred, is produced planting soil.
Described plantation fertilizer can be decomposed dung or farmyard manure or farm manure or the raw material by following parts by weight Mixture forms：
The rotten weeds 1-2 of the rotten leaf 1-3 of mushroom residue 1-2
Organic fertilizer 0.2-0.45 waste edible fungus heels 2-4；
Its process for preparation is as follows：
1., mushroom residue is dried or dried in the shade to moisture in 12-20%, turn into dried thin mushroom slag；
2., rotten leaf, rot weeds and dried thin mushroom slag mixed, be processed into 10-40 mesh coarse fodders, and by it in shady place The high material heaps of 25-35cm are piled into, is handled 10-20 days with diaphragm seal, turns into preliminary treatment material；
3., preliminary treatment material dried or dried in the shade to moisture in 6-12%, then be ground into preliminary places more than 60 mesh Manage fines；
4., preliminary treatment fines and organic fertilizer, waste edible fungus heel mixed, plantation fertilizer.
Described well-rotted farmyard manure water can be decomposed human excrement or pig manure or sheep manure, can also
Described well-rotted farmyard manure water is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
Night soil 20-35 pig manure 25-35 sheep manures 5-10
Vegetable leaf 10-15 pericarp 10-15 water 40-60；
Its process for preparation is as follows：
1., pericarp and vegetable leaf shredded respectively, turn into pericarp fines and vegetables fines；
2., by night soil, pig manure, sheep manure and pericarp fines, vegetables fines mix, be sealed by fermentation processing 15-30 days, into For well-rotted farmyard manure；
3., water is slowly added into well-rotted farmyard manure, side edged stirs, uniformly after well-rotted farmyard manure water.
Described interplanting forest land preferably selects the camellia oleifera lam of subacidity sandy soil of the pH value in 5.5-6.5.
Described decomposed dung is the fertilizer after decomposed such as pig manure, sheep manure, horsehit.
Described farm manure is the fecaluria of body discharges in daily life.
Described farmyard manure be with the fertilizer of institute's rettings such as Za Cao ﹑ La Ji ﹑ dirt, its mainly include various clay fertilizers, sludge, Dregs fertilizer, bone meal, plant ash, butcher field waste and municipal refuse etc..
Described woods soil is the table soil in forest land.
Described leaf is the leaf of deciduous tree.
Described vegetable garden mellow soil be organic matter is high, the thickness of soil more than 35cm vegetable garden soil.
Described organic fertilizer is commercially available organic fertilizer (including all kinds).
Described mushroom residue be mushroom it is extracted after after polysaccharide, remaining polyoses content be less than 0.5% waste residue.
Described rotten leaf is scattered on the ground, distribute rotten taste arbor leaf.
Described rotten weeds are the raw material of weeds that woodland or field are collected after unified processing of rotting.
Described waste edible fungus heel is remaining, the still compost containing abundant protein after culturing edible fungus.
Described oil tea shell is the shell of tea seed.
Described oil tea is withered be tea seed after oil expression, excess oil content be less than 0.5% oleifera dry cake.
Described radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf is the stem and leaf at the ground position of residual after the ripe harvesting of radix polygonati officinalis.
The method of the oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis of the present invention, the soil for employing the fertilizer of a variety of preparations and preparing are right The soil of camellia oleifera lam is improved, thus, it is possible to fertilizing soil；Simultaneously as the biology such as Tea Saponin contained by oil tea is living Property material and waste residue of Chinese herbs in contained antibacterial material, have certain inhibitory action to pest and disease damage, tea oil tree can contained in addition Period in summer provides suitably shady and cool for radix polygonati officinalis so that and the radix polygonati officinalis of interplanting and Growth of Camellia oleifera bring out the best in each other, and can both prevent erosion, And can improves the yield and quality of oil tea and radix polygonati officinalis；In addition, by adding multiple crop index, therefore the cost that soil uses is reduced, Improve the economic benefit of oil tea plantation.
The method of the oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis of the present invention, once at 7 years of Yongzhou City, Hubei Province Lingling District Chang Mutang villages The sylvan life of oil generation tea interplant the contrast test of Hunan radix polygonati officinalis.
Test forest land with selecting 3 pairs of 6 samples respectively, each sample ground 667m2(in terms of 110 plants of tea oil trees), wherein 3 samples Oil tea forest interplanting radix polygonati officinalis, do not interplant radix polygonati officinalis under the camellia oleifera lam on 3 sample ground, and (oil tea is surveyed in plucking oil tea on the same day and surveying production Fresh fruit weight) and harvesting radix polygonati officinalis survey production (surveying the fresh stem weight of radix polygonati officinalis), the table 1 that its result of the test is seen below：
Table 1
(remarks：Do not interplant radix polygonati officinalis 6 pieces of samples in 2013,1,3,5 do not interplant jade 2014 and 2 years 2015 samples Bamboo, sample 2,4,6 interplanting radix polygonati officinalis, 2 years harvest.)
From table 1 it follows that interplanting radix polygonati officinalis does not influence substantially on oil tea fresh pod yield, and to a certain extent may be used To promote the raising of tea-oil tree yield；Meanwhile the average product of the biennial fresh stem of radix polygonati officinalis can reach 2160kg, economic benefit is very It is considerable.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiments, the present invention is further illustrated.Following explanation is but this hair in a manner of enumerating Bright protection domain is not limited thereto.
The method of the oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis of the present invention, its planting process are as follows：
(i), auxiliaries：
(1), soil base manure I is prepared：
Take 1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 12 parts of farm manure, 4 parts of ammonium phosphate, waste residue of Chinese herbs (stem folium herbs) respectively by weight 55 parts, 12 parts of leaf, woods soil 20 parts, it is standby；
Its process for preparation is as follows：First by waste residue of Chinese herbs dry in the shade to moisture be less than 15% when, mix, be processed into leaf Fineves more than 60 mesh；Farm manure, ammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate and fines are mixed, then adds cellulose-decomposing bacterium and adjusts To bacterial content sum in 1.5 hundred million cuf/g, it is well mixed, is stacked at moist shady place, handles 15-40 days, mixing must be handled Material；Then processing compound is well mixed with woods soil, produces soil base manure I.
(2), soil base manure II is prepared：
Took 25 parts of farmyard manure, 40 parts of decomposed dung, 6 parts of radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf, 12 parts of oil tea shell, oil tea withered respectively by weight 5 parts, 1 part of microbial function group (including by etc. the potassium solubilizing bacterias of parts by weight, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria), waste residue of Chinese herbs (cauline leaf class medicine Material) 15 parts, it is standby；
Its process for preparation is as follows：First by radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf, oil tea shell, oil tea be withered, waste residue of Chinese herbs is respectively crushed into more than 60 mesh Fines, obtain radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf fines, oil tea shell fines, the withered fines of oil tea, waste residue of Chinese herbs fines；It is again that oil tea shell fines, oil tea is withered The microbial function group mixing of fines, waste residue of Chinese herbs fines and 2/3 parts by weight, and clear water is added thereto, make water content control Then system is piled into the high material heaps of 25cm, fermentation process 35 days, turns into just fermentation material 20%；Added again into first fermentation material Radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf fines and remaining microbial function group, mix, be then piled into the high secondary material heaps of 40cm again, and it is close with film Envelope, fermentation process 22 days, obtains secondary fermentation material；Farmyard manure, decomposed dung and secondary fermentation material are mixed again, produce soil Earth base manure II.
(3), planting soil is prepared：
Take 1.4 parts of fine sand, 7 parts of yellow soil, 0.4 part of rice-straw ash, 0.05% thiophanate methyl solution respectively by weight It is 0.03 part, standby；
Its process for preparation is as follows：First fine sand, yellow soil and rice-straw ash are well mixed, then by 0.05% thiophanate methyl Solution is spilled into, and is stirred, and produces planting soil.
(4), plantation fertilizer is prepared：
Take 1.5 parts of mushroom residue, 2 parts of the leaf that rots, 1.5 parts of weeds of rotting, 0.35 part of organic fertilizer, edible respectively by weight 3 parts of bacterium waste offcutses, it is standby；
Its process for preparation is as follows：
1., mushroom residue is dried or dried in the shade to moisture 15%, turn into dried thin mushroom slag；
2., rotten leaf, rot weeds and dried thin mushroom slag mixed, be processed into 25 mesh coarse fodders, and by it in shady place heap Product is handled 15 days with diaphragm seal into material heap high 30cm, turns into preliminary treatment material；
3., preliminary treatment material dried or dried in the shade to moisture 9%, then the preliminary treatment being ground into more than 60 mesh is thin Material；
4., preliminary treatment fines and organic fertilizer, waste edible fungus heel mixed, plantation fertilizer.
(5), well-rotted farmyard manure water is prepared：
Take 28 parts of night soil, 30 parts of pig manure, 8 parts of sheep manure, 12 parts of vegetable leaf, 12 parts of pericarp, 50 parts of water respectively by weight；
Its process for preparation is as follows：
1., pericarp and vegetable leaf shredded respectively, turn into pericarp fines and vegetables fines；
2., by night soil, pig manure, sheep manure and pericarp fines, vegetables fines mix, be sealed by fermentation processing 25 days, turn into Well-rotted farmyard manure；
3., water is slowly added into well-rotted farmyard manure, side edged stirs, uniformly after well-rotted farmyard manure water.
(ii), interplanting：
1st, the selection of oil tea forest land is interplanted：
The gradient is selected to be less than 25 °, height above sea level is in 200-500m, leeward to face south, the content of organic matter >=3.0%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=86.0mg/kg, available phosphorus >=23.0mg/kg, available potassium >=43.0mg/kg, soil thickness is in more than 30cm, woodland canopy density Less than 0.5, the age of tree is used as interplanting forest land in 3-10, pH value in the camellia oleifera lam of 5.5-6.5 subacidity sandy soil；
2nd, forest land is interplanted to arrange：
First weeds, the trees interplanted on forest land are connected root and dug out, turns into and treats kind of a forest land；
3rd, treat that kind of forest land arranges：
(1), treat that kind of a forest land is fostered and apply fertilizer：It will first treat that more than 30cm is ploughed deeply in kind of a forest land, and remove weeds and stone, while be by concentration 35ppm fenaminosulf presses 1.5kg/667m2Ratio be sprinkled into soil layer, harrow thin leveling, exposure 8 days；Then soil base manure I is pressed According to 2500kg/667m2Ratio be manured into soil, then soil is cultivated to multiple, holding 3 months naturally, and every 25 days with decomposed agriculture Family's rich water presses 500kg/667m2Ratio spray native table, turn into foster and apply fertilizer and treat kind of a forest land；
(2), furrow are done in forest land：According to the trend in the ranks of tea oil tree, in the ranks fostering and apply fertilizer outside every row tea oil tree hat width is projected is treated Kind forest land is organized into the kind planting-line of 6m length, and wide 20cm, deep 28cm furrow ditch, the outer ledge distance oil of furrow ditch are outputed in the both sides of furrow Tea tree root and stem of certain plants 40cm；Meanwhile along the trend in the ranks of tea oil tree, wide 12cm, deep 18cm furrow inter-drain are outputed in the centre of kind of planting-line, into To treat kind of a ridge-up bed；
4th, prepare before plantation：
(1), choose seeds：
1., Hunan radix polygonati officinalis seed selection：Select the hypertrophy in the radix polygonati officinalis pig dung tail kind of Hunan, there is the rhizome of yellow-white radical bud as cultivation Cultivate, with dig, it is on-demand, with kind；When meeting rainy weather can not sow, seedling stem is stored at shady and cool ventilation；
2., seedling stem pretreatment：The cultigen chosen is put into the thiophanate methyl solution of 800 times of dilution, solution covering Seedling stem, 4min is soaked, pulls out, dry, turn into and treat kind of a seedling stem；
(2), kind of a planting ditch is excavated：
The deep kind planting ditches of 7cm are opened by line-spacing 28cm, laterally on kind of ridge-up bed is treated, while soil base is stacked in kind of planting ditch bottom of trench Fertilizer II, thickness is the 1/3 of ditch depth, then fills up remaining space in ditch with water, keeps 15 days, during which added every 4 days into ditch naturally Water, water are the 20% of ditch depth, after water oozes and done, become and treat kind of a ditch；
5th, plant：
(1), the time is transplanted：In annual 8-11 months, at dusk or early morning is transplanted；
(2), transplant：
1., treat the processing of kind of ditch：5 days before plant, it will treat that kind of a ditch deep-cuts 12cm again, be filled to planting soil and treat Furrow depth 1/3, then be filled to plantation fertilizer and treat the 1/2 of Furrow depth, turn into ditch to be planted；
2., seedling stem plant：It will treat that kind of seedling stem is cut into the kind section of 8cm length, spacing 8cm transversely arranged along bottom of trench, bud head court Equidirectional, put well obliquely, then cover kind of section to treating the 2/3 of Furrow depth with soil base manure II, then ditch is filled up with woods soil In remaining space, be slightly compacted, then press 800kg/667m with well-rotted farmyard manure water2Ratio spray native table, and be with thickness 7cm rice straw mulching soil table, turns into plantation furrow；
6th, manage：
(1), first growth year management：
1., flip：Emerge within 3 months after plant, when the emergence rate of radix polygonati officinalis reaches 70% on furrow to be planted, remove the rice of covering Grass；
2., thinning：When seedling grows to 5-8cm, sick seedling, thin seedling are removed, and overstocked seedling is carried out to dredge transplanting；
3., fertilising：When height of seedling reaches 7-10cm, early morning after the rain is selected, by N：P：K=15：15：15 composite fertilizer By 6kg/667m2Ratio uniform be spilled into soil；Meanwhile wide 5cm, deep 12cm storage fertilizer are excavated between two row kind planting ditches Ditch, decomposed dung is filled up, fertilizer was changed every 2.5 months；
When temperature is higher than 35 DEG C, poured once every 8 days permeable；When temperature is less than 30 DEG C, poured once every 25 days saturating Water；When meeting rainy season, gutter is dredged in time；
4., weeding：The method combined using chemistry and artificial weeding, glyphosate is sprayed before emergence and carries out comprehensive weeding, is gone out The shallow hoe of after seedling or artificial uprooting weed；
5., winter training cover：Winter falls after seedling and pulls and cut weeds, and one layer of decomposed person poultry muck or farmyard manure are applied above, is used Measure as 2000kg/667m2；Again by dry weeds or rice straw mulching, thickness 6cm；
(2), second growth year management：
1., top dressing：Before emergence, decomposed farm manure and urea are uniformly spilled on seedbed, the dosage of farm manure is 1400kg/667m2, amount of urea 6kg/667m2；When height of seedling 7-10cm, then apply N：P：K=15:15:15 composite fertilizer, use Measure as 6kg/667m2；
2., removal of impurities：Using manually the weeds of growth are pulled out；
3., the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Pesticide use meets the regulation in the pollution-free food Pesticide use criterions of NY/T393-2000, Conventionally apply, harvest and stop the previous moon to apply any agricultural chemicals；
The table 2 that its main pest control method is seen below：
Table 2
(vii), harvest：
The 9-11 months in second growth year, i.e., radix polygonati officinalis is harvested；It must prevent that rhizome is damaged during harvesting, remove coring And soil, clean, produce the radix polygonati officinalis of interplanting.
The present invention oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis method, be adapted to the gradient be 25 ° within, age of tree 3-10 new plantation Camellia oleifera lam interplants Hunan radix polygonati officinalis, can also be adapted to the negative other valuable medicinals of interplanting happiness.

Claims (9)

  1. A kind of 1. method of oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis, it is characterised in that planting process is as follows：
    (i) the selection of oil tea forest land, is interplanted：
    Select the gradient to be less than 25 °, height above sea level in 200-500m, it is leeward on the sunny side, the content of organic matter >=3.0%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >= 86.0mg/kg, available phosphorus >=23.0mg/kg, available potassium >=43.0mg/kg, soil thickness is in more than 30cm, woodland canopy density Less than 0.5, the age of tree is used as interplanting forest land in 3-10 camellia oleifera lam；
    (ii), forest land is interplanted to arrange：
    First weeds, the trees interplanted on forest land are connected root and dug out, turns into and treats kind of a forest land；
    (iii), treat that kind of forest land arranges：
    (1), treat that kind of a forest land is fostered and apply fertilizer：It will first treat that more than 30cm is ploughed deeply in kind of a forest land, and remove weeds and stone, while be 10- by concentration 55ppm fenaminosulf presses 1.0-2.0kg/667m2Ratio be sprinkled into soil layer, harrow thin leveling, exposure 5-10 days；Then by soil Base manure I is according to 2000-3000kg/667m2Ratio be manured into soil, then soil cultivated multiple, keeps 2-4 naturally individual month, and often Every 10-15 days 450-560kg/667m was pressed with well-rotted farmyard manure water2Ratio spray native table, turn into foster and apply fertilizer and treat kind of a forest land；
    (2), furrow are done in forest land：According to the trend in the ranks of tea oil tree, in the ranks fostering and apply fertilizer outside every row tea oil tree hat width is projected treats elite stand Ground is organized into the kind planting-line of 4-10m length, and wide 15-25cm, deep 25-30cm furrow ditch, the outer ledge of furrow ditch are outputed in the both sides of furrow Apart from oil tea butt 30-50cm；Meanwhile along the trend in the ranks of tea oil tree, wide 10-15cm, deep 15- are outputed in the centre of kind of planting-line 20cm furrow inter-drain, turns into and treats kind of a ridge-up bed；
    (iv), prepare before plantation：
    (1), choose seeds：
    1., Hunan radix polygonati officinalis seed selection：Select the hypertrophy in the radix polygonati officinalis pig dung tail kind of Hunan, there is the rhizome of yellow-white radical bud as cultivation Kind, with dig, it is on-demand, with kind；When meeting rainy weather can not sow, seedling stem is stored at shady and cool ventilation；
    2., seedling stem pretreatment：The cultigen chosen is put into the thiophanate methyl solution of 600-1000 times of dilution, solution covering Seedling stem, 2-5min is soaked, pulls out, dry, turn into and treat kind of a seedling stem；
    (2), kind of a planting ditch is excavated：
    The deep kind planting ditches of 6-8cm are opened by line-spacing 25-30cm, laterally on kind of ridge-up bed is treated, while soil is stacked in kind of planting ditch bottom of trench Base manure II, thickness are the 1/3-1/2 of ditch depth, then fill up remaining space in ditch with water, are kept for 10-25 days naturally, during which every 3-5 It is into ditch plus water, water are the 10-25% of ditch depth, after water oozes and done, becomes and treats kind of a ditch；
    (v), plant：
    (1), the time is transplanted：In annual 8-11 months, at dusk or early morning is transplanted；
    (2), transplant：
    1., treat the processing of kind of ditch：3-7 days before plant, it will treat that kind of a ditch deep-cuts 10-15cm again, be filled to planting soil and treat Furrow depth 1/3, then be filled to plantation fertilizer and treated the 1/2 of Furrow depth, turn into ditch to be planted；
    2., seedling stem plant：It will treat that kind of seedling stem is cut into the kind section of 7-10cm length, spacing 7-9cm transversely arranged along bottom of trench, bud head In the same direction, put well obliquely, then cover kind of section to treating the 2/3 of Furrow depth with soil base manure II, then filled up with woods soil Remaining space, is slightly compacted in ditch, then presses 500-1000kg/667m with well-rotted farmyard manure water2Ratio spray native table, be used in combination Thickness is 6-8cm rice straw mulching soil table, turns into plantation furrow；
    (vi), manage：
    (1), first growth year management：
    1., flip：Emerge within 3 months after plant, when the emergence rate of radix polygonati officinalis reaches 70% on furrow to be planted, remove the straw of covering；
    2., thinning：When seedling grows to 5-8cm, sick seedling, thin seedling are removed, and overstocked seedling is carried out to dredge transplanting；
    3., fertilising：When height of seedling reaches 7-10cm, early morning after the rain is selected, by N：P：K=15：15：5- presses in 15 composite fertilizer 7kg/667m2Ratio uniform be spilled into soil；Meanwhile wide 3-7cm, deep 10-15cm storage are excavated between two row kind planting ditches Fertile ditch, decomposed dung is filled up, and fertilizer was changed every 2-3 months；
    When temperature is higher than 35 DEG C, poured every 5-10 days once permeable；When temperature is less than 30 DEG C, poured once every 15-30 days It is permeable；When meeting rainy season, gutter is dredged in time；
    4., weeding：The method combined using chemistry and artificial weeding, glyphosate is sprayed before emergence and carries out comprehensive weeding, after emergence Shallow hoe or artificial uprooting weed；
    5., winter training cover：Winter falls after seedling and pulls and cut weeds, and one layer of decomposed person poultry muck is applied above or farmyard manure, dosage are 1500-2500kg/667m2；Again by dry weeds or rice straw mulching, thickness 5-7cm；
    (2), second growth year management：
    1., top dressing：Before emergence, decomposed farm manure and urea are uniformly spilled on seedbed, the dosage of farm manure is 1200- 1500kg/667m2, amount of urea 5-7kg/667m2；When height of seedling 7-10cm, then apply N：P：K=15:15:15 composite fertilizer, Dosage is 5-7kg/667m2；
    2., removal of impurities：Using manually the weeds of growth are pulled out；
    3., the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Pesticide use meets the regulation in the pollution-free food Pesticide use criterions of NY/T393-2000, according to Conventional method is applied, and is harvested and is stopped the previous moon to apply any agricultural chemicals；
    (vii), harvest：
    The 9-11 months in second growth year, you can harvested to radix polygonati officinalis；Such as select harvest within 3 years, then continue as stated above Plantation 1 year, treat that the 3rd grows being harvested in 9-11 months for year；
    It should prevent that rhizome is damaged during harvesting, remove coring and soil, clean, produce the radix polygonati officinalis of interplanting.
  2. 2. the method for oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described soil base manure I is Formed by the raw material mixture of following parts by weight：
    Calcium superphosphate 0.5-2.5 farm manure 10-15 ammonium phosphate 1.5-5
    Waste residue of Chinese herbs 45-60 leaf 10-15 woods soil 15-25；
    Its process for preparation is as follows：First by waste residue of Chinese herbs dry in the shade to moisture be less than 15% when, mixed with leaf, be processed into 60 mesh Fines above；Farm manure, ammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate and fines are mixed, then adds cellulose-decomposing bacterium and adjusts to thin Bacterial content sum is well mixed in the cuf/g of 1-2 hundred million, is stacked at moist shady place, is handled 15-40 days, is obtained processing compound；So Processing compound is well mixed with woods soil afterwards, produces soil base manure I.
  3. 3. the method for oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described soil base manure II is Formed by the raw material mixture of following parts by weight：
    Farmyard manure 20-30 decomposed dung 30-45 radix polygonati officinalis cauline leafs 3-8
    The withered 0.5-1.5 microbial functions group 0.05-1.5 of oil tea shell 10-15 oil teas
    Waste residue of Chinese herbs 10-20；
    Its process for preparation is as follows：First by radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf, oil tea shell, oil tea be withered, waste residue of Chinese herbs is respectively crushed into 60 mesh above fineves, Obtain radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf fines, oil tea shell fines, the withered fines of oil tea, waste residue of Chinese herbs fines；Again by oil tea shell fines, the withered fines of oil tea, Waste residue of Chinese herbs fines and the mixing of the microbial function of 2/3 parts by weight group, and clear water is added thereto, water content control is existed 15-26%, the high material heaps of 10-30cm are then piled into, fermentation process 20-45 days, turn into just fermentation material；Again into first fermentation material Radix polygonati officinalis cauline leaf fines and remaining microbial function group are added, mixes, is then piled into the high secondary material heaps of 30-50cm again, and With diaphragm seal, fermentation process 15-28 days, secondary fermentation material is obtained；Again by farmyard manure, decomposed dung and secondary fermentation material Mixing, produces soil base manure II.
  4. 4. the method for oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Described microbial function group The one or more in potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomyces, staphylococcus, saccharomycete, when for it is two or more when, respectively The proportioning of component for etc. parts by weight.
  5. 5. the method for oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that described waste residue of Chinese herbs Be in Mycophyta medicinal material, stem folium herbs it is one or more it is extracted after the dregs of a decoction, when for it is two or more when, each component is matched somebody with somebody Than for etc. parts by weight.
  6. 6. the method for oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described planting soil is under The raw material mixture of row parts by weight forms：
    Fine sand 1.2-1.5 yellow soils 5-8
    Rice-straw ash 0.3-0.5 0.01-0.1% thiophanate methyl solution 0.01-0.05；
    Its process for preparation is as follows：First fine sand, yellow soil and rice-straw ash are well mixed, then the thiophanate methyl by 0.01-0.1% Solution is spilled into, and is stirred, and produces planting soil.
  7. 7. the method for oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described plantation fertilizer is under The raw material mixture of row parts by weight forms：
    The rotten weeds 1-2 of the rotten leaf 1-3 of mushroom residue 1-2
    Organic fertilizer 0.2-0.45 waste edible fungus heels 2-4；
    Its process for preparation is as follows：
    1., mushroom residue is dried or dried in the shade to moisture in 12-20%, turn into dried thin mushroom slag；
    2., rotten leaf, rot weeds and dried thin mushroom slag mixed, be processed into 10-40 mesh coarse fodders, and it is accumulated in shady place The material heap high into 25-35cm, handled 10-20 days with diaphragm seal, turn into preliminary treatment material；
    3., preliminary treatment material dried or dried in the shade to moisture in 6-12%, then the preliminary treatment being ground into more than 60 mesh is thin Material；
    4., preliminary treatment fines and organic fertilizer, waste edible fungus heel mixed, plantation fertilizer.
  8. 8. the method for oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described well-rotted farmyard manure water It is to be formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
    Night soil 20-35 pig manure 25-35 sheep manures 5-10
    Vegetable leaf 10-15 pericarp 10-15 water 40-60；
    Its process for preparation is as follows：
    1., pericarp and vegetable leaf shredded respectively, turn into pericarp fines and vegetables fines；
    2., night soil, pig manure, sheep manure and pericarp fines, vegetables fines mixed, be sealed by fermentation processing 15-30 days, turn into rotten Ripe farm manure；
    3., water is slowly added into well-rotted farmyard manure, side edged stirs, uniformly after well-rotted farmyard manure water.
  9. 9. the method for oil tea forest interplanting Hunan radix polygonati officinalis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Preferably select in described interplanting forest land Select camellia oleifera lam of the pH value in 5.5-6.5 subacidity sandy soil.
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