CN113179836A - Coastline ecological management method - Google Patents
Coastline ecological management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179836A CN113179836A CN202110424799.7A CN202110424799A CN113179836A CN 113179836 A CN113179836 A CN 113179836A CN 202110424799 A CN202110424799 A CN 202110424799A CN 113179836 A CN113179836 A CN 113179836A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coastline ecological management method, which is characterized in that a coastal wetland, a transition section, an ecological wetland and a purification protection slope are sequentially arranged between a beach and an inland along the direction far away from the coastline, a purification bag is laid at the position 0.5-1.0 m below surface sand of the beach, two or three of the purification bag, a nutrition bag and a cultivation bag are sequentially laid on the surfaces of the transition section, the ecological wetland and the purification protection slope respectively, the laid various bags respectively comprise a growth substrate for growing salt-tolerant plants, and the nutrition bag and the cultivation bag further comprise soil, plant seeds and the like. The invention forms a stable coastal ecosystem by arranging the multistage protection zones, can effectively purify the bidirectional pollution from seawater and urban sewage, provides ideal growth and inhabitation environments for animals and plants, and maintains biological diversity, thereby effectively, durably and stably purifying the pollution and restoring the ecological environment of a coastline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coastal engineering, and particularly relates to a method for ecological management of a coastline.
Background
The existing coastline engineering, which usually comprises seawalls, shoals, revetments and the like, can resist sea wave erosion and prevent water and soil loss. In order to further improve the ecological environment of the coastline, more and more coastline projects begin to pay attention to ecological management, mangrove forests are planted on the bank, ecological bank slopes are arranged, and the like, so that the biological diversity can be maintained and the water quality can be improved.
Chinese patent application CN112064573A discloses a construction method of ecological sea wall, this ecological sea wall has set gradually artifical coral reef layer to land from the coastal, first transition layer, salt marsh layer, the second transition layer, mangrove planting layer, bank protection and backplate, the effect of unrestrained of ecological sea wall has been improved to blockking through the level, but this method adopts the form on slope to set up each unit, mangrove planting layer is higher than the sea level, be difficult to play the effect of purifying sea water, and first transition layer, the second transition layer, bank protection etc. all adopt concrete placement to form, only can keep apart each unit in the space, do not have purification performance itself, make this sea wall lack the ecology, be unfavorable for the stable sustainable growth of mangrove.
Chinese patent application CN111206538A discloses an ecological breakwater with mangrove forest and submerged dike coupled, which couples the breakwater structure with mangrove forest, and a plurality of submerged dikes are arranged at intervals and periodically, thus improving the wave-absorbing effect of the ecological breakwater. Although the method has progressive significance in function, the ecological structure is single, the destructive and erosive effects of pollutants in seawater on mangroves are neglected, the mangroves are difficult to grow sustainably after being directly exposed in the polluted seawater for a long time, and the ecological stability is poor.
Chinese patent application CN112376496A discloses a method for quickly creating or repairing mangrove forest by building dam foot submerged dam, which is characterized by that it uses an underwater submerged dam to build the outside of seawall, and uses beach regulation to form suitable forest land, then makes mangrove forest transplantation and repair, and said method can repair mangrove forest in short time, but its whole shoreline environment is set singly, and is difficult to ensure ecological stability of repaired mangrove forest, and the rear portion of mangrove forest is the seawall, and the mangrove forest section is far from city, and its purification effect can be played is very limited.
In the prior art, most of coastal line ecological management projects have one or more problems of single structure, complex process, fragile ecology, poor purification effect and the like, so that the coastal line environment is easy to cause secondary desertification pollution, and is not suitable for ecological restoration of the coastal line.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a coastline ecological management method suitable for coastline ecological restoration.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of ecological remediation of a coastline having a beach along the coastline, the method comprising sequentially locating a coastal wetland, a transition section, an ecological wetland and a clean revetment between the beach and an inland in a direction away from the coastline, the method further comprising the steps of:
(1) laying a purification bag 0.5-1.0 m below surface sand of the mudflat;
(2) laying a purification bag on the surface of the transition section, and laying a culture bag on the surface of the purification bag;
(3) laying a purification bag on the surface of the ecological wetland, laying a nutrition bag on the surface of the purification bag, and laying a culture bag on the surface of the nutrition bag;
(4) laying a purification bag on the surface of the purification protection slope, and laying a culture bag on the surface of the purification bag;
wherein, the steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) have no requirement of sequence.
The purification bag, the nutrition bag and the cultivation bag respectively comprise a bag body and a growth substrate positioned in the bag body, the growth substrate can be used for the growth of salt-tolerant plants, the growth substrate at least comprises an inorganic substrate and an organic substrate, the nutrition bag further comprises soil positioned in the bag body, and the cultivation bag further comprises plant seeds and soil positioned in the bag body.
According to the invention, the inorganic matrix comprises but is not limited to vermiculite and zeolite, and can be one or a combination of two in specific selection.
According to the present invention, the organic substrate includes, but is not limited to, straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell, coconut shell outer layer fiber, and coconut meat powder, and may be selected from one or a combination of more.
In some preferred embodiments, the thickness of each of the purification bag, the nutrition bag and the cultivation bag is 5-15 cm, the bag body comprises an outer bag body with a closed space and at least one inner bag body positioned in the outer bag body, the inner bag body divides the closed space into a plurality of relatively independent subspaces, and the subspaces are arranged from bottom to top in sequence.
In some preferred embodiments, the purification bag has two of the sub-spaces, the sub-space of the lower layer is filled with the inorganic matrix, and the sub-space of the upper layer is filled with the organic matrix.
In some preferred embodiments, in the nutrition bag, the sub-spaces have three, the sub-spaces of the lower layer are filled with the inorganic matrix, the sub-spaces of the middle layer are filled with the organic matrix, and the sub-spaces of the upper layer are filled with the soil.
In some preferred embodiments, in the cultivation bag, the subspaces have three, the subspaces of the lower layer are filled with the inorganic matrix, the subspaces of the middle layer are filled with the organic matrix, and the subspaces of the upper layer are filled with the plant seeds and soil.
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the nutrition bag is 5 to 10 mm.
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the particle size of the inorganic substrate in the cultivation bag is 5 to 10 mm.
According to a preferred aspect of the invention, the elevation of the coastal wetland is lower than that of the beach, the transition section comprises a first slope connected with the coastal wetland and a second slope connected with the ecological wetland, the elevation at the highest position of the transition section is higher than the elevations of the coastal wetland and the ecological wetland, the slopes of the first slope and the second slope are 20-30 degrees, and the slope of the purification protection slope is less than 60 degrees.
According to a preferred aspect of the invention, the transition section is constructed by: and paving stone materials after piling the stones into a certain shape by using sand, compacting, and then paving and compacting the purification bag and the culture bag in sequence, wherein gaps are reserved among the stone materials.
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the purification revetment is made by the following method: and paving stone materials after piling the stones into a certain shape by using sand, compacting, and then paving and compacting the purification bag and the culture bag in sequence, wherein gaps are reserved among the stone materials.
According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the coastal wetland is planted with one or both of mangrove forest and dunaliella salina.
In some preferred embodiments, the total thickness of the purification bag laid in the tidal flat is 40-60 cm, the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the purification bag is 5-10 mm, the organic matrix is one or more of straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and outer coconut shell fiber, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is 1: 0.4-0.6.
In some preferred embodiments, the total thickness of the purification bag and the culture bag laid on the transition section is 50-70 cm, wherein the laying thickness of the culture bag is 20-40 cm, the organic matrix in the purification bag and the culture bag is one or a combination of more of straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the purification bag is 5-10 mm, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is 1: 0.4-0.6; in the cultivation bag, the volume ratio of the mixture of the plant seeds and the soil, the inorganic matrix and the organic matrix is 2: 0.4-0.6: 1.8 to 2.2.
In some preferred embodiments, the total thickness of the purification bag and the culture bag laid on the purification slope protection is 50-70 cm, wherein the laying thickness of the culture bag is 20-40 cm, the organic matrix in the purification bag and the culture bag is one or a combination of more selected from straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the purification bag is 10-20 mm, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is 1: 0.4-0.6; in the cultivation bag, the volume ratio of the mixture of the plant seeds and the soil, the inorganic matrix and the organic matrix is 2: 0.4-0.6: 1.8 to 2.2.
In some preferred embodiments, the total thickness of the purification bag, the nutrition bag and the culture bag laid on the ecological wetland is 60-80 cm, wherein the laying thickness of the nutrition bag is 10-30 cm, the laying thickness of the culture bag is 10-30 cm, the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the purification bag is 10-20 mm, the organic matrix is one or more of coconut meat powder, straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, and the volume ratio of the inorganic substance to the organic matrix is 3: 0.8 to 1.2; in the nutrition bag, the organic substrate is one or a combination of more of straw fiber, cereal shell, crushed coconut shell and outer coconut shell fiber, and the volume ratio of the soil, the inorganic substance and the organic substrate is 1: 1.8-2.2: 1.8-2.2; in the cultivation bag, the organic substrate is one or more of coconut meat powder, straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and outer coconut shell fiber, and the volume ratio of the mixture of plant seeds and soil, the inorganic substrate and the organic substrate is 1: 3.8-4.2: 1.8 to 2.2.
In some preferred embodiments, the area ratio of the beach, the coastal wetland, the transition section, the ecological wetland and the purification revetment is 3: 5.8-6.2: 0.8-1.2: 2.8-3.2: 1.8 to 2.2.
According to the invention, the crushed coconut shell is prepared by cutting the outer layer fiber of the coconut shell, drying and crushing.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following advantages: according to the invention, the coastal wetland, the transition section, the ecological wetland and the purification slope protection multistage protection belt are sequentially arranged between the beach and the inland city to form a stable coastal ecological system, so that bidirectional pollution from seawater and urban sewage can be effectively purified, and meanwhile, a flexible and breathable protection layer is formed by laying a purification bag, a nutrition bag, a culture bag and the like in situ in each unit, so that the sewage purification effect can be further enhanced, an ideal growth and inhabitation environment is provided for animals and plants, the biological diversity is maintained, the ecological stability is further improved, and therefore, pollution can be effectively, durably and stably purified, secondary desertification of a coastline is prevented, and the ecological environment of the coastline is restored. In addition, the bagged ecological water-saving device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient transportation and convenient construction, greatly improves the production efficiency, saves the production cost and is very suitable for coastal line ecological management engineering.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a specific application of the shoreline ecological remediation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the purification bag in the thickness direction in the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the nutrition bag or cultivation bag in the thickness direction in this embodiment;
wherein: 1. a shoreline; 2. mudflat; 3. coastal wetlands; 4. a transition section; 41. a first slope; 42. a second slope; 5. ecological wetland; 6. purifying the slope protection; 7. inland; 800. a purification bag; 801. a nutrition bag; 802. cultivating in a bag; 81. a bag body; 811. an outer bag body; 812. an inner bag body.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a treatment method really suitable for coastline ecological restoration. The method is mainly applied to seaside with a beach 2, a coastal wetland 3, a transition section 4, an ecological wetland 5 and a purification slope protection 6 multistage protection belt are sequentially arranged between an original beach 2 and an inland 7 city along a direction far away from a coastline 1 to form a stable coastal ecological system, one or more of a purification bag 800, a nutrition bag 801 and a cultivation bag 802 are respectively paved at a position 0.5-1.0 m below surface sand of the beach 2 and the surfaces of the transition section 4, the ecological wetland 5 and the purification slope protection 6, so that a growth substrate is provided for salt-tolerant plants such as dunaliella and the like, and meanwhile, a habitat can be provided for benthonic animals and water quality can be purified. The method has the following specific effects:
1. by arranging the multistage protection belt between the tidal flat 2 and the inland 7, the stability of an ecological system and the sewage purification capacity are greatly enhanced, the bidirectional pollution from seawater and cities can be borne and purified, the soil quality is stabilized, and the seaside environment is improved;
2. the purification bag 800 is laid below the original mudflat 2, so that in-situ remediation is realized, the original ecological environment cannot be damaged, the construction cost is low, and ecological restoration is facilitated;
3. the elevation of the coastal wetland 3 and the ecological wetland 5 is relatively lower than that of the surrounding environment, so that the water storage effect can be achieved, pollutants in seawater and urban sewage can be fully purified, and a stable growth and inhabitation environment can be provided for animals in a coastal ecological system.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the invention, but the invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, three ecological bags, i.e., a purification bag 800, a nutrition bag 801 and a cultivation bag 802, are adopted, each ecological bag has a substantially same structure, and is a bag structure in which a bag body 81 wraps a growth substrate or other materials, each ecological bag is a flat square shape with a length of about 600mm, a width of 300mm and a thickness of 100mm, the bag body 81 further includes an outer bag body 811 having an enclosed space, and an inner bag body 812 disposed in the outer bag body 811 and dividing the enclosed space into a plurality of relatively independent subspaces, and each subspace is sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
Specifically, the growth substrate comprises an inorganic substrate and an organic substrate, and can be used for the growth of salt-tolerant plants such as dunaliella salina, the inorganic substrate comprises vermiculite and zeolite, and the organic substrate is one or a combination of more of straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell, coconut shell outer layer fiber and coconut meat powder. In addition to the growth substrate, the nutrition bag 801 is filled with soil, the cultivation bag 802 is filled with a mixture of plant seeds and soil, and some fertilizer is added into the mixture, which is more beneficial to plant growth.
In this embodiment, the inorganic matrix such as vermiculite and zeolite mainly plays a role in stabilizing the ecological bag, increasing the porosity, and permeating air and water. Straw fiber, cereal husk, is a common and beneficial plant growth substrate, which can be decomposed by microorganisms and provide nutrients to plants. The crushed coconut shell and the coconut shell outer layer fiber are common high-fiber organic matters of seaside, are eco-friendly, have high porosity and strong adsorbability, and can effectively adsorb pollutants in water and purify water. The coconut meat powder is rich in nutrition and has certain fragrance, so that the coconut meat powder can attract microorganisms and provide nutrients for the microorganisms, heat can be generated in the process that the coconut meat powder is decomposed and utilized by the microorganisms, the fragrance is further diffused, more benthonic animals are attracted to gaps of the ecological bags to live and breed, and the biological diversity is increased.
As shown in fig. 2, the sub-spaces in the purification bag 800 have two, a lower layer filled with an inorganic matrix and an upper layer filled with an organic matrix. As shown in fig. 3, the sub-space in the nutrition bag 801 has three, the lower layer is filled with an inorganic matrix, the middle layer is filled with an organic matrix, and the upper layer is filled with soil. The culture bag 802 has three subspaces, the lower layer is filled with inorganic matrix, the middle layer is filled with organic matrix, and the upper layer is filled with equal volume mixture of plant seeds and soil. Wherein the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the nutrition bag 801 and the cultivation bag 802 is 5-10 mm.
This embodiment can more rationally arrange the growth substrate of different functions by setting up each ecological bag as the layered structure that has a plurality of subspaces: sewage from a lower part enters the organic matrix of the middle layer or the upper layer through the adsorption of the pores of the inorganic matrix, and rich microorganisms are propagated in the organic matrix, so that organic nutrients in the sewage and the organic matrix are decomposed into inorganic nutrients which can be absorbed by plants, and then the inorganic nutrients are transferred to the plants of the upper layer through the adsorption of soil, and the layered purification and the gradual utilization of pollutants are realized.
In this embodiment, the bag body 81 is made of a thickened non-woven fabric material, so that water can be permeated without soil permeation, and the soil in the nutrition bag 801 and the cultivation bag 802 can be prevented from overflowing after being immersed in water. And through long-time growth, ripe plant roots can be firm with the soil in the bag and growth substrate, and the bag body 81 probably breaks or is degraded by the microorganism this moment, but soil in the bag can not spill over or run off in a large number again, and the vegetation of growing can resist sea water impact and rainwash well, stabilizes the soil property, prevents soil erosion and water loss to realize lasting ecological management effect, the bag body 81 of damage can artifical recovery or normal position degradation, can not cause secondary pollution.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the altitudes of the coastal wetland 3 and the ecological wetland 5 are both lower than the altitude of the mudflat 2, the transition section 4 includes a first slope 41 connected to the coastal wetland 3 and a second slope 42 connected to the ecological wetland 5, that is, the transition section 4 is a short embankment disposed between the coastal wetland 3 and the ecological wetland 5, the slopes of the first slope 41 and the second slope 42 are both about 25 degrees, the slope of the purification slope protection 6 is about 45 degrees, and the altitude of the inland 7 city is higher than that of each purification section, so that the urban sewage can flow into the ecological wetland 5 along the purification slope protection 6. Thus, the coastal wetland 3 and the ecological wetland 5 form two water storage units, and sewage from seawater and cities can be fully purified in the two wetland pieces.
In this embodiment, only the purification bag 800 is laid in the beach 2, and the purification bag 800 is laid at a position 0.5 m below the surface layer sand, and 5 layers are laid, with a total thickness of about 50 cm. The particle size of the inorganic matrix in the purification bag 800 is 5-10 mm, the organic matrix comprises straw fiber, cereal shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is about 2: 1. The main function of the purification bag 800 in the tidal flat 2 is to purify the pollution caused by driving to the sea after ebb of tide and the pollution caused by the sea wave after ebb of tide, weaken the erosion and destruction effect of the sea water and the sea wave on the coastal wetland 3, and form the first purification defense line of the coastline 1.
Salt-tolerant plants such as mangrove forests and dunaliella salina are planted in the coastal wetland 3, which is the main body for maintaining the stability and biological diversity of the whole coastal ecosystem, and some ecological bags can be selectively paved in the coastal wetland 3. In the actual engineering, the tidal flat 2 and the coastal wetland 3 are connected after the flood tide, and the seawater is purified as a whole.
The transition section 4 and the purification revetment 6 are built by adopting the following method:
(1) piling up fine sand into a required bank slope shape, and compacting;
(2) paving some stone materials on the surface of the fine sand for stabilizing, and leaving gaps among the stone materials so as not to hinder the downward growth of plant roots;
(3) 3 layers of purification bags 800 are paved on the surface of the bank slope after the stabilization treatment, and the total thickness of the purification bags 800 is about 30cm along the direction vertical to the surface of the bank slope;
(4) and continuously laying 3 layers of cultivation bags 802 on the surface of the laid purification bag 800, wherein the total thickness of the cultivation bags 802 is about 30cm, and the bank slope is compacted and stabilized after all the cultivation bags 802 are laid.
The structures of the purification bags 800 and the cultivation bags 802 laid on the transition section 4 and the purification revetment 6 are basically the same. In the purification bag 800, the organic matrix comprises straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is about 2: 1. In the culture bag 802, the organic substrate comprises straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, and the volume ratio of the mixture of plant seeds and soil, the inorganic substrate and the organic substrate is about 2: 0.5: 2. the main difference lies in, in the purification bag 800 of changeover portion 4, the particle diameter of inorganic matrix is 5~10mm, in the purification bag 800 of purification bank protection 6, the particle diameter of inorganic matrix is 10~20mm, this is because the slope and the length of purifying bank protection 6 all are greater than changeover portion 4, need use the bigger inorganic matrix of particle diameter to compact bank slope, firm purification bag 800.
The transition section 4 is positioned between two main purification units of the coastal wetland 3 and the ecological wetland 5, and has the effects of isolating sewage and purifying along the way. Purify bank protection 6 and directly bear the sewage that comes from the city, the plant of growing out in cultivating bag 802 can carry out the road to sewage and purify, and plant roots can further stabilize the bank protection soil property.
The construction method of the ecological wetland 5 comprises the following steps:
(1) digging original soil to a certain thickness and then piling the soil on the periphery to form a bank slope, wherein the dug soil can be directly used for building a transition section 4 and a purification protection slope 6, and the dug pit is tamped with the original soil;
(2) 3 layers of purification bags 800 are laid in the compacted pit, and the total thickness of the purification bags 800 is about 30 cm;
(3) 2 layers of nutrition bags 801 are paved on the surface of the paved purification bag 800, and the total thickness of the nutrition bags 801 is about 20 cm;
(4) 2 layers of the cultivation bags 802 are paved on the surface of the paved nutrition bag 801, and the total thickness of the cultivation bags 802 is about 20 cm.
In the ecological wetland 5, the particle size of an inorganic matrix in a purification bag 800 is 10-20 mm, the organic matrix comprises coconut meat powder, straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is about 3: 1. In the nutrition bag 801, the organic matrix comprises straw fiber, cereal shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, and the volume ratio of soil, inorganic substances and the organic matrix is about 1: 2: 2. in the culture bag 802, the organic substrate comprises coconut meat powder, straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell, coconut shell outer layer fiber, a mixture of plant seeds and soil, an inorganic substrate and the organic substrate, and the volume ratio of the organic substrate to the plant seeds is about 1: 4: 2.
the ecological wetland 5 forms the main body of the purification of the sewage at the edge of the city together under the surrounding of the transition sections 4 at the two sides and the purification revetment 6. The salt content of the sewage is low, and some fresh water wetland plants can be selectively planted. The ecological wetland 5 adopts a structure of a purification bag 800, a nutrition bag 801 and a cultivation bag 802 which are arranged from bottom to top in a stacking way, so that the ecological purification function of the wetland is enhanced: the surface layer cultivation bag 802 is mainly used for cultivating wetland plants to form a stable wetland ecosystem; the middle nutrition bag 801 can continuously provide nutrition for wetland plants and purify sewage; the bottom layer cultivation bag 802 mainly plays a role in purifying bottom layer sewage and providing a habitat for the benthonic animals. Wherein, the coconut husk crushed materials, the coconut husk outer layer fiber and other porous organic matrixes in the ecological bag can well adsorb pollutants and continuously provide nutrition for plants. A large number of gaps are formed among the ecological bags which are arranged in a stacked mode, an ideal habitat is provided for benthonic animals such as snails, shells and shrimps, the purification bags 800 at the bottom layer are warm and are also suitable for growth and reproduction of microorganisms, the microorganisms can be used as food of the benthonic animals on one hand, and the degradation, nitrification, denitrification and other effects of the microorganisms are also beneficial to further enhancing the water quality purification effect.
It should be noted that, the ratio of the growth substrate and the soil in each ecological bag is only a preferred scheme in this embodiment, and when the coastal line ecological management engineering of the present invention is applied to different seashore areas, the ratio of each component in the ecological bags should be adjusted according to the local geographical location, meteorological hydrological conditions, etc. to achieve the management effect according to local conditions.
In the traditional coastline treatment method, a concrete bank slope is usually constructed to achieve stable and firm wave-absorbing and wave-preventing effects, but the concrete bank slope has many obvious defects: the structure is single, the process is complicated, the ecology is fragile, the purifying effect is poor, and after long-term use, the secondary pollution problems of damage and desertification can be faced, and the sustainable treatment effect is difficult to achieve. According to the invention, the ecological bag laying mode is innovatively adopted to carry out coastline ecological management, the surfaces of the purification units are constructed into flexible protection surfaces, so that the protection surfaces have certain air permeability, and only one ecological bag prepared in advance needs to be laid during construction, so that the transportation is convenient, the process is simple, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved; after the plants grow out on the surface of the ecological bag stably, the plant roots can well stabilize the soil quality of the bank slope, the protection and purification effects can be provided continuously, and the ecological bag has remarkable progress.
The coastline ecological management engineering disclosed by the invention is particularly suitable for the management of coastal areas in tropical and temperate climate areas such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Liaoning areas.
In this embodiment, the shoreline ecological management engineering is specifically built in the dianhai region of the sea of the hai, and according to the actual conditions such as the local geographical climate and water pollution, the areas of the mudflat 2, the coastal wetland 3, the transition section 4, the ecological wetland 5, and the purification revetment 6 are preferably set to be about 3: 6: 1: 3: 2.
after the engineering construction is finished, sampling and detecting the sewage of each unit continuously for one year, wherein the mudflat 2 and the coastal wetland 3 are used as a first purification section, the transition section 4, the ecological wetland 5 and the purification slope protection 6 are used as a second purification section, sampling is carried out at multiple points in each purification section, the average values are respectively measured and then taken, and the obtained data are collated and listed in the following tables 1 and 2. In the first purification section, the pH value, the active phosphate concentration and the inorganic nitrogen concentration of a water sample are determined according to GB/T12763.4-2007; in the second purification stage, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the water sample are measured according to GB3838-20025) Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen concentration.
The area change of the coastal wetland 3 is monitored by a remote sensing image detection method, and the monitoring results are collated and listed in the following table 3.
TABLE 1 Water quality index Change in the first purification stage
| 1 |
3 month | 6 month | 8 month | 12 month | |
| pH | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.2 |
| Active phosphate (μ g/L) | 38 | 32 | 29 | 22 | 18 |
| Inorganic nitrogen (mu g/L) | 460 | 380 | 320 | 260 | 255 |
TABLE 2 Water quality index Change in the second purification stage
| 1 |
3 month | 6 month | 8 month | 12 month | |
| COD(mg/L) | 38.2 | 32.4 | 27.1 | 24.7 | 22.5 |
| BOD5(mg/L) | 9.3 | 7.5 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 4.9 |
| TP(mg/L) | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.23 |
| TN(mg/L) | 2.04 | 1.96 | 1.57 | 1.4 | 1.28 |
| NH3-N(mg/L) | 1.98 | 1.91 | 1.55 | 1.36 | 1.24 |
TABLE 3 area variation of coastal wetland
| 1 |
3 month | 6 month | 8 month | 12 month | |
| Area (square kilometer) | 10.3650 | 10.3650 | 10.3653 | 10.3657 | 10.3661 |
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the method for ecological management of coastline used in this embodiment can effectively reduce the level of pollutants in seawater and municipal sewage for a long time, and improve the ecological environment of coastline. As can be seen from table 3, the method constructs a stable coastal ecosystem, the area of the coastal wetland 3 is stably and slightly increased, and the ecological management effect can be continuously exerted.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
Claims (12)
1. A method of ecological remediation of a coastline having a beach along the coastline, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially arranging a coastal wetland, a transition section, an ecological wetland and a purification revetment between the beach and the inland along the direction far away from the coastline:
(1) laying a purification bag 0.5-1.0 m below surface sand of the mudflat;
(2) laying a purification bag on the surface of the transition section, and laying a culture bag on the surface of the purification bag;
(3) laying a purification bag on the surface of the ecological wetland, laying a nutrition bag on the surface of the purification bag, and laying a culture bag on the surface of the nutrition bag;
(4) laying a purification bag on the surface of the purification protection slope, and laying a culture bag on the surface of the purification bag;
the purification bag, the nutrition bag and the cultivation bag respectively comprise a bag body and a growth substrate positioned in the bag body, the growth substrate can be used for the growth of salt-tolerant plants, the growth substrate at least comprises an inorganic substrate and an organic substrate, the nutrition bag further comprises soil positioned in the bag body, and the cultivation bag further comprises plant seeds and soil positioned in the bag body.
2. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to claim 1, wherein: the inorganic matrix is one or two selected from vermiculite and zeolite; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the organic matrix is one or more of straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell, coconut shell outer layer fiber and coconut meat powder.
3. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of each purification bag, nutrition bag, cultivation bag is 5~15cm respectively, the bag body is including the outer bag body that has the enclosure space and being located at least one inner bag body in the outer bag body, the inner bag body will the enclosure space is cut apart into a plurality of relatively independent subspaces, the subspace is arranged from bottom to top in proper order.
4. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to claim 3, wherein: in the purification bag, the subspaces are provided with two, the subspaces of the lower layer are filled with the inorganic matrix, and the subspaces of the upper layer are filled with the organic matrix; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the nutrition bag, the number of the subspaces is three, the subspaces of the lower layer are filled with the inorganic matrix, the subspaces of the middle layer are filled with the organic matrix, and the subspaces of the upper layer are filled with the soil; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the cultivation bag, the number of the subspaces is three, the subspaces of the lower layer are filled with the inorganic matrix, the subspaces of the middle layer are filled with the organic matrix, and the subspaces of the upper layer are filled with the plant seeds and soil.
5. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the nutrition bag is 5-10 mm, and/or the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the cultivation bag is 5-10 mm.
6. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to claim 1, wherein: the elevation of the coastal wetland is lower than that of the beach, the transition section comprises a first slope connected with the coastal wetland and a second slope connected with the ecological wetland, the elevation at the highest position of the transition section is higher than the elevations of the coastal wetland and the ecological wetland, the slopes of the first slope and the second slope are respectively 20-30 degrees, and the slope of the purification protection slope is less than 60 degrees.
7. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to claim 1, wherein: the transition section and/or the purification revetment are built by adopting the following method: after piling up into a certain shape by sand, laying stone materials and compacting, and then laying the purification bag and the culture bag in sequence and compacting, wherein gaps are reserved among the stone materials; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the coastal wetland is planted with one or two of mangrove forest and dunaliella salina.
8. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the total thickness of the purification bag laid in the tidal flat is 40-60 cm, the particle size of an inorganic matrix in the purification bag is 5-10 mm, the organic matrix is one or a combination of more of straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is 1: 0.4-0.6.
9. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the total thickness of the purification bag and the culture bag laid on the transition section is 50-70 cm, wherein the laying thickness of the culture bag is 20-40 cm, the organic matrix in the purification bag and the culture bag is one or a combination of more of straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the purification bag is 5-10 mm, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is 1: 0.4-0.6; in the cultivation bag, the volume ratio of the mixture of the plant seeds and the soil, the inorganic matrix and the organic matrix is 2: 0.4-0.6: 1.8 to 2.2.
10. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the total thickness of the purification bag and the culture bag laid on the purification slope protection is 50-70 cm, wherein the laying thickness of the culture bag is 20-40 cm, the organic matrix in the purification bag and the culture bag is one or a combination of more of straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, the particle size of the inorganic matrix in the purification bag is 10-20 mm, and the volume ratio of the inorganic matrix to the organic matrix is 1: 0.4-0.6; in the cultivation bag, the volume ratio of the mixture of the plant seeds and the soil, the inorganic matrix and the organic matrix is 2: 0.4-0.6: 1.8 to 2.2.
11. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the total thickness of the purification bag, the nutrition bag and the culture bag laid on the ecological wetland is 60-80 cm, wherein the laying thickness of the nutrition bag is 10-30 cm, the laying thickness of the culture bag is 10-30 cm,
in the purification bag, the particle size of the inorganic matrix is 10-20 mm, the organic matrix is one or a combination of more of coconut meat powder, straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and coconut shell outer layer fiber, and the volume ratio of the inorganic substance to the organic matrix is 3: 0.8 to 1.2;
in the nutrition bag, the organic substrate is one or a combination of more of straw fiber, cereal shell, crushed coconut shell and outer coconut shell fiber, and the volume ratio of the soil, the inorganic substance and the organic substrate is 1: 1.8-2.2: 1.8-2.2;
in the cultivation bag, the organic substrate is one or more of coconut meat powder, straw fiber, grain shell, crushed coconut shell and outer coconut shell fiber, and the volume ratio of the mixture of plant seeds and soil, the inorganic substrate and the organic substrate is 1: 3.8-4.2: 1.8 to 2.2.
12. The method for the ecological management of the coastline according to claim 1, wherein: the area ratio of the beach, the coastal wetland, the transition section, the ecological wetland and the purification slope protection is 3: 5.8-6.2: 0.8-1.2: 2.8-3.2: 1.8 to 2.2.
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