CN116368983B - Coastal sand dune repairing and maintaining method - Google Patents
Coastal sand dune repairing and maintaining method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The application relates to a coastal sand dune repairing and maintaining method, which comprises the following steps: s1, designing a coast to be repaired into a multi-peak sand hill shape, and designing peak heights of sand hills in the multi-peak sand hill shape, wherein the peak heights of the sand hills are sequentially reduced from the coast to the sea; s2, designing the elevation of the slope toe of the coast to be repaired to the sea side sand dune, so that the slope toe Gao Chengda of the sea side sand dune is at the average high tide level of the sea for many years corresponding to the coast to be repaired; s3, selecting a position of a slope toe elevation designed in the S2 of the coast to be repaired as a slope toe starting point of a sand hill towards the sea side, and stacking a multi-peak sand hill shape with peak height meeting the design of the S1 by adopting a three-layer structure of an upper wind sand layer, a middle sand filling layer and a lower structure layer from top to bottom; s4, planting vegetation on each sand hill according to the sand hill shape.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of sand dune restoration, in particular to a coastal sand dune restoration and maintenance method.
Background
The coastal sand dunes are important landform units of sandy coasts, can play a role in flexible protection on extreme ocean power, and can provide valuable habitat space for coastal animals and plants. However, with the high development of economy, coastal dunes are affected by different degrees and forms of human activities (such as infrastructure construction, tree planting, coastal travel development and the like) to be in a degraded or even lost state, and ecological restoration and maintenance measures are urgently needed. On the other hand, along with the increase of ecological restoration force at the national level in recent years, various coastal zone ecological restoration technology systems are gradually formed and perfected, and restoration objects relate to sandy beach, mangrove forest, salt marsh, coral reef, seaweed bed, oyster reef and the like.
In the prior art, simple sand fixation is performed on a sand dune, corresponding plant auxiliary sand fixation is introduced, ecological construction is performed by introducing proper animals and plants, and the like, and systematic repair is not performed on a multilayer structure of a coastal sand dune. In addition, coastal sand dune restoration technology, related standard guidelines and reference cases are still blank in China at present.
The application aims at solving the problems existing in the prior art and designs a coastal sand dune repairing and maintaining method.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problems of the prior art, and provides a coastal sand dune repairing and maintaining method which can effectively solve at least one problem of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a coastal sand dune repairing and maintaining method comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a coast to be repaired into a multi-peak sand hill shape, and designing peak heights of sand hills in the multi-peak sand hill shape, wherein the peak heights of the sand hills are reduced from the coast to the sea side in sequence;
s2, designing the elevation of the slope toe of the coast to be repaired to the sea side sand dune, so that the slope toe Gao Chengda of the sea side sand dune is at the average high tide level of the sea for many years corresponding to the coast to be repaired;
s3, selecting a position of a slope toe elevation designed in the S2 of the coast to be repaired as a slope toe starting point of a sand hill towards the sea side, and stacking a multi-peak sand hill shape with peak height meeting the design of the S1 by adopting a three-layer structure of an upper wind sand layer, a middle sand filling layer and a lower structure layer from top to bottom;
s4, planting vegetation on each sand hill according to the sand hill shape.
Further, the designing the peak height of each sand hill in the multimodal sand hill morphology, the peak height of each sand hill satisfying the sequential lowering from shore to sea side includes:
the sum of the extremely high water level in 50 years and the design wave height in 50 years of the coast to be repaired is h 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the coast to be repaired or adjacent bay, the natural sand dune with the well preserved development height of h 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Peak height H of sand dune on the coast side 1 Satisfy H 1 ＝max(h 1 ，h 2 )；
The sum of the extremely high water level of the coast to be repaired in 10 years and the design wave height of the coast to be repaired in 10 years is h 3 Peak height H of dune to sea 3 Satisfy H 3 ＝h 3 。
Further, the designing the peak height of each sand hill in the multimodal sand hill morphology, the peak height of each sand hill satisfying the sequential lowering from shore to sea side includes:
the number of sand dunes with the multi-peak sand dune shape is three, and the peak height H of the middle sand dune is defined between the sand dune positioned on the coast side and the sand dune positioned on the sea side 2 Satisfy H 2 ＝(H 1 +H 3 )/2。
Further, the thickness of the overlying wind sand layer is 0.2 m-0.3 m; the thickness of the middle sand layer is 0.8 m-1.2 m; the sum of the thicknesses of the upper windy sand layer, the middle sand-cushioning layer and the lower structural layer meets the peak height of the corresponding sand dune.
Further, the sand quality of the upper windy sand layer, the middle sand-cushioning layer and the lower structural layer is sequentially reduced.
Further, gravel with the average grain diameter of 0.15-0.25 mm is selected for filling the upper sand layer; the middle sand filling layer is filled with gravel with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.5 mm; the lower covering structure layer is filled by stacking sand bags.
Further, designing the elevation of the toe of the sand dune from the coast to be repaired to the sea side specifically comprises the following steps:
the average high tide line height of the coast to be repaired for many years is MHWS, the wave climbing height of the coast to be repaired is R, and the slope toe elevation Z of the coast to be repaired to the sea side sand dune is 4 Satisfy Z 4 ＝MHWS+R。
Further, selecting the position of the slope toe elevation designed by the S2 on the coast to be repaired as the slope toe starting point of the sand dune towards the sea side comprises: and measuring the elevation of the coast to be repaired, and taking the position, at which the elevation of the coast to be repaired meets the elevation of the toe designed in S2, as a starting point, and starting to repair the coastal sand dune as the starting point of the toe.
Further, planting vegetation in each dune according to a dune morphology includes: planting sandy vines or herbaceous plants on the sea surface of a sand dune; planting sandy saline-alkali tolerant shrubs on the peak tops of sand dunes; and (5) planting arbor on the back sea surface of the sand dune.
Further, the sapphirine vine or herb is one or more of sarcandra glabra, evening primrose, mouse-shaped, aster haliotidis and bermuda grass; the saphenous saline-alkali resistant shrub is one or more of herba Ephedrae, erythrina grass, fructus Vitics Simplicifoliae, and herba Pachyrhizi Erosi; the arbor is one or more of herba Ephedrae, serenoa repens, and Combretaceae.
Accordingly, the present application provides the following effects and/or advantages:
according to the application, coastal sand dunes are repaired through the multimodal sand dune structure, and meanwhile, the height, elevation and starting point of each repaired sand dune are designed, so that the erosion of sea wind and sea water can be effectively resisted. The coastal sand dune restoration technical method provided by the application can provide references and design basis for projects such as sand dune restoration on wide coastal lines in China, ecological reconstruction of seawalls and the like, and has remarkable practical application value. The application fills the blank of the national coastal dune repair technology system, and is the supplement and expansion of the national coastal zone ecological repair technology system.
The application performs actual operation on the coastal section under the coastal newcastle of Fuzhou, after coastal sand dune restoration engineering is implemented, the coastal ecological environment is obviously improved, the coastal disaster prevention and reduction capability and the coastal toughness are obviously improved, and meanwhile, a new coastal travel leisure space is provided for the public, so that good social, economic and ecological benefits are achieved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present application are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the application as claimed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a structure of a coastal restoration dune according to one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 shows a relief (taken on 10 months and 31 days 2020) before the restoration of the coastal dune at the coastal section under coastal newcastle in Fuzhou.
Fig. 4 shows the relief of the coastal dune at the coastal section of coastal newcastle in Fuzhou after repair (photographed at 2023, 02, 09).
Detailed Description
For the convenience of understanding by those skilled in the art, the structure of the present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1-2, a coastal sand dune repair and maintenance method includes the steps of:
s1, designing a coast to be repaired into a multi-peak sand hill shape, and designing peak heights of sand hills in the multi-peak sand hill shape, wherein the peak heights of the sand hills are reduced from the coast to the sea side in sequence;
in this embodiment, the multiple peaks refer to ridge-like structures, which include multiple peaks and valleys connected in sequence. The peak heights of the respective dunes in this embodiment are reduced from the shore to the sea side. In this embodiment, by taking reference to the morphological development characteristics of the natural coastal sand dunes, the sand dunes are preferably repaired in a "multimodal" form with undulations. From the aspect of wind-blown sand topography, the multimodal morphology is beneficial to reducing the sand conveying rate, and is a dynamic balance state that the wind-blown sand topography is adapted to wind power and reciprocally fed.
The disaster prevention and reduction grade of the first sand dune on the coast side of the multi-peak type restoration sand dune is highest, and the design height is highest. Conversely, the disaster prevention and reduction requirements of the first sand dune towards the sea side are the lowest, and the design height can resist the height of the general wave condition; the repairing height of the middle dune is between the two.
S2, designing the elevation of the slope toe of the coast to be repaired to the sea side sand dune, so that the slope toe Gao Chengda of the sea side sand dune is at the average high tide level of the sea for many years corresponding to the coast to be repaired;
in this embodiment, according to the development characteristics of the natural coast sand dunes, the front dune toe is usually located above the mean high tide level (MHWS) for many years, and the front dune toe is exposed to the water surface for most of the time above the mean high tide level (MHWS) for many years, and is only submerged by seawater when a storm or extra tide occurs accidentally, and the toe Gao Chengda calculated or designed in this embodiment can effectively prevent the sand dunes on the repaired coast from being corroded by seawater at the mean high tide level for many years corresponding to the coast to be repaired.
S3, selecting a position of a slope toe elevation designed in the S2 of the coast to be repaired as a slope toe starting point of a sand hill towards the sea side, and stacking a multi-peak sand hill shape with peak height meeting the design of the S1 by adopting a three-layer structure of an upper wind sand layer, a middle sand filling layer and a lower structure layer from top to bottom;
in this embodiment, the structure, peak height and starting point of the multi-peak sand hill are designed in the steps S1-S2, and then the multi-peak sand hill structure designed in the steps S1-S2 is implemented on the coast to be repaired in the three-layer structure. Referring to fig. 2, the three-layer structure is an overlying wind sand layer, a middle sand-cushioning layer and a lower structural layer in sequence from top to bottom. The sand filling structure of the upper wind sand layer and the middle sand filling layer and the thickness thereof are comprehensively determined by referring to the vertical layer structure of the natural coastal sand dune (the thickness of the wind sand stacking layer with loose coastal sand dune surface layer is about 20-30 cm in natural state) and considering the structural form stability of the repaired sand dune.
S4, planting vegetation on each sand hill according to the sand hill shape.
Vegetation is planted on each sand hill according to the sand hill shape, firstly, the vegetation can play an attractive role through decoration of the plants, secondly, a sand fixation barrier can be formed through the plants, the stability of the sand hill is improved, and the wind-sand flow field structure of the area is improved.
Further, the designing the peak height of each sand hill in the multimodal sand hill morphology, the peak height of each sand hill satisfying the sequential lowering from shore to sea side includes:
the sum of the extremely high water level in 50 years and the design wave height in 50 years of the coast to be repaired is h 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the coast to be repaired or adjacent bay, the natural sand dune with the well preserved development height of h 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Peak height H of sand dune on the coast side 1 Satisfy H 1 ＝max(h 1 ，h 2 )；
The sum of the extremely high water level of the coast to be repaired in 10 years and the design wave height of the coast to be repaired in 10 years is h 3 Peak height H of dune to sea 3 Satisfy H 3 ＝h 3 。
Referring to FIG. 2, Z 1 、Z 2 、Z 3 Respectively representing different sand hill top elevations; z is Z 4 Representing the elevation of the windward slope toe of the first sand dune towards the sea side; h 1 、H 2 、H 3 The restoration heights of the sand dunes from the coast side to the sea side are respectively indicated and expressed by the elevation difference from the hill top to the toe; MHWS represents the average high tide level over the years. Disaster prevention and reduction grade of 'multi-peak' type restoration sand hill on first sand hill on coast sideHigh, design height H 1 (H 1 ＝Z 1 －Z 4 ) The coast protection requirement of the extreme water power action and the growth and development rule of the coast sand dune in a natural state are comprehensively considered to determine. If the current coast resists the extremely high water level of 50 years first and is overlapped with the wave condition of 50 years first, the height threshold value is h 1 The natural sand hill with the same or adjacent bay kept well has a development height of h 2 The sand dune repair height takes a large value of H 1 ＝max(h 1 ，h 2 ) The above mentioned average high tide line (MHWS) is exposed to water for most of the time, and is submerged by seawater only when there is accidental storm or extra high tide, and the embodiment stacks the height threshold value of wave condition of 50 years on the basis of extremely high water level of 50 years first with h 1 Is far higher than the average high tide level (MHWS) for many years, and can fully resist marine dynamic erosion.
Conversely, the disaster prevention and reduction requirements of the first sand dune on the sea side can be properly reduced, and the height H is designed 3 (H 3 ＝Z 3 －Z 4 ) The height threshold value of the 10-year-first wave condition can be obtained when the present coast is used for resisting the 10-year-first extreme high water level superposition; restoration height H of middle dune 2 Between H 1 And H 3 Between, the average height of the two can be taken, namely H 2 ＝(H 1 +H 3 )/2。
In this embodiment, the design wave height is an industry term and may be referred to as a wave height extremum.
Further, the designing the peak height of each sand hill in the multimodal sand hill morphology, the peak height of each sand hill satisfying the sequential lowering from shore to sea side includes:
the number of sand dunes with the multi-peak sand dune shape is three, and the peak height H of the middle sand dune is defined between the sand dune positioned on the coast side and the sand dune positioned on the sea side 2 Satisfy H 2 ＝(H 1 +H 3 )/2。
Further, the thickness of the overlying wind sand layer is 0.2 m-0.3 m; the thickness of the middle sand layer is 0.8 m-1.2 m; the sum of the thicknesses of the upper windy sand layer, the middle sand-cushioning layer and the lower structural layer meets the peak height of the corresponding sand dune.
Further, the sand quality of the upper windy sand layer, the middle sand-cushioning layer and the lower structural layer is sequentially reduced.
Further, gravel with the average grain diameter of 0.15-0.25 mm is selected for filling the upper sand layer; the middle sand filling layer is filled with gravel with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.5 mm; the lower covering structure layer is filled by stacking sand bags.
In this embodiment, the sand dune repair structure and material. Adopts a three-layer structure, and the three layers are sequentially from top to bottom: an upper windy sand layer, a middle sand layer and a lower structural layer. The thickness of the upper wind-blown sand layer is about 0.2m, fine sand with good sorting is adopted for filling, and the quality of the sand is close to that of natural sand and hill sand; the thickness of the middle sand filling layer is about 1m, the middle fine sand is adopted for filling, and the quality of the sand is close to that of natural beach sand; the lower covering structure layer mainly maintains the overall stability of the sand dune, can be piled up by adopting sand bags, and can properly reduce the quality of the filled sand in the sand bags.
Specifically, the thickness of the upper wind-blown sand layer is about 0.2m, fine sand with good sorting is adopted for filling, the average grain diameter of the sand is between 0.15mm and 0.25mm, the quality of the sand is close to that of natural sand and hill sand, and specifically, the method comprises the following steps: quartz more than 83%, quartz+feldspar more than 92%, mud content less than 1.5%, and shell content less than 1.5%.
Specifically, the thickness of the middle sand layer is about 1m, the middle fine sand is adopted for filling, the average grain diameter of the sand is between 0.25mm and 0.5mm, the quality of the sand is close to that of natural beach sand, and specifically: quartz > 60%, quartz+feldspar > 70%, mud content < 5%, and shell content < 5%.
Specifically, the lower covering structure layer mainly maintains the overall stability of the sand hill, and can be piled up by adopting sand bags, and the quality of the filled sand in the sand bags is properly reduced by referring to the cushion sand.
Further, designing the elevation of the toe of the sand dune from the coast to be repaired to the sea side specifically comprises the following steps:
the average high tide line height of the coast to be repaired for many years is MHWS, the wave climbing height of the coast to be repaired is R, and the slope toe elevation Z of the coast to be repaired to the sea side sand dune is 4 Satisfy Z 4 ＝MHWS+R。
Further, selecting the position of the slope toe elevation designed by the S2 on the coast to be repaired as the slope toe starting point of the sand dune towards the sea side comprises: and measuring the elevation of the coast to be repaired, and taking the position, at which the elevation of the coast to be repaired meets the elevation of the toe designed in S2, as a starting point, and starting to repair the coastal sand dune as the starting point of the toe.
In the step, firstly, the topography of the coast to be repaired is measured to obtain the elevation of each position of the coast to be repaired, and then the position of the corresponding elevation is selected as the toe of the sand dune towards the sea side on the coast to be repaired according to the position of the toe elevation designed in S2, and the repair is started.
Further, planting vegetation in each dune according to a dune morphology includes: planting sandy vines or herbaceous plants on the sea surface of a sand dune; planting sandy saline-alkali tolerant shrubs on the peak tops of sand dunes; and (5) planting arbor on the back sea surface of the sand dune.
Further, the sapphirine vine or herb is one or more of sarcandra glabra, evening primrose, mouse-shaped, aster haliotidis and bermuda grass; the saphenous saline-alkali resistant shrub is one or more of herba Ephedrae, erythrina grass, fructus Vitics Simplicifoliae, and herba Pachyrhizi Erosi; the arbor is one or more of herba Ephedrae, serenoa repens, and Combretaceae. The varieties of vines, herbs, shrubs and arbors mainly comprise wind-resistant, soil salt-resistant, salt-fog-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant plants, and the plants of flowers, colors and scents are properly configured, so that ecological functions and landscape values are considered. Plant species and configuration modes suitable for the restoration of the post-beach sandy land in China are shown in annex A and annex C of the technical method for restoration of post-beach sandy land vegetation (HY/T0304-2021).
In this embodiment, on the basis of sand dune repair, the vegetation repair combining arbor-shrub-grass multi-level is performed, specifically: cutting sandy vine or herb on windward side of sand dune to form the first sand fixing barrier and beautify coastal line; arranging sand-planting saline-alkali resistant shrubs on the top of a sand dune to form a wind-resistant sand-fixing shrub belt, so that the stability of the sand dune is further improved; and (5) cultivating arbor forest belts behind the sand dunes, so as to further improve the regional wind-sand flow field structure. The plant variety is selected to be mainly the wind-resistant, salt-tolerant, drought-resistant, barren-tolerant and salt-fog-tolerant native plants, and the ecological function and the landscape value are taken into consideration. The vines or herbs selected in this embodiment are mainly: caulis et folium Parthenocissi Tricuspidatae, radix Oenotherae Erythrosepalae, and herba Arenariae Latifoliae; the shrubs are mainly: herba Ephedrae, erythrina grass, fructus Vitics Simplicifoliae, etc.; the arbor mainly comprises: herba Ephedrae, serissae, etc.
Experimental data
By means of the method design provided by the embodiment, the applicant successfully develops the first-time scale coastal dune restoration and vegetation restoration engineering in the coastal section under the coastal newcastle of Fuzhou in 2021-2022. The sand dune repair length is about 1.88km, and the repair area is about 11.03 ten thousand m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The vegetation restoration length is about 2.15km, and the restoration area is about 11.77 hectares.
By comparing with the figures 3 and 4, after the coastal sand dune repair engineering is implemented, the coastal ecological environment is obviously improved, the coastal disaster prevention and reduction capability and the coastal toughness are obviously improved, and the method provided by the embodiment is proved to be feasible and effective, and meanwhile, a new coastal travel leisure space is provided for the public, so that good social, economic and ecological benefits are achieved.
It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The application may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third, etc. do not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms should not be understood as necessarily being directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Claims (3)
1. A coastal sand dune repairing and maintaining method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a coast to be repaired into a multi-peak sand hill shape, and designing peak heights of sand hills in the multi-peak sand hill shape, wherein the peak heights of the sand hills are sequentially reduced from the coast to the sea, specifically: the sum of the extreme high water level of 50 years of the coast to be repaired and the wave height of 50 years of the coast to be repaired is h 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the coast to be repaired or adjacent bay, the natural sand dune with the well preserved development height of h 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Peak height H of sand dune on the coast side 1 Satisfy H 1 =max（h 1 ，h 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Extremely high water level and waiting for 10 years on coast to be repairedThe sum of the wave heights of 10 years in one sea of the repaired coast is h 3 Peak height H of dune to sea 3 Satisfy H 3 = h 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The number of sand dunes with the multi-peak sand dune shape is three, and the peak height H of the middle sand dune is defined between the sand dune positioned on the coast side and the sand dune positioned on the sea side 2 Satisfy H 2 =（H 1 +H 3 ）/2；
S2, designing the elevation of the slope toe of the coast to be repaired to the sea side sand dune, so that the slope toe Gao Chengda of the sea side sand dune is at the average high tide level of the sea for many years corresponding to the coast to be repaired; the slope toe elevation of the coast to be repaired to the sea side sand dune is designed specifically as follows: the average high tide line height of the coast to be repaired for many years is MHWS, the wave climbing height of the coast to be repaired is R, and the slope toe elevation Z of the coast to be repaired to the sea side sand dune is 4 Satisfy Z 4 =MHWS+R；
S3, measuring the elevation of the coast to be repaired, taking the position of measuring the elevation of the slope toe of the coast to be repaired as a starting point, starting to repair the slope toe of the sand hill towards the sea side, adopting a three-layer structure which sequentially comprises an upper windy sand layer, a middle sand layer and a lower structural layer from top to bottom, stacking a multi-peak sand hill shape with peak height meeting the design of S1, wherein the thickness of the upper windy sand layer is 0.2-0.3 m; the thickness of the middle sand layer is 0.8 m-1.2 m; the sum of the thicknesses of the upper windy sand layer, the middle sand-filling layer and the lower structure layer meets the peak height of corresponding sand dunes, the sand quality of the upper windy sand layer, the middle sand-filling layer and the lower structure layer is sequentially reduced, and the upper windy sand layer is filled with gravel with the average grain diameter of 0.15-0.25 mm; the middle sand filling layer is filled with gravel with the grain diameter of 0.25 mm-0.5 mm; the lower covering structure layer is filled by stacking sand bags;
s4, planting vegetation on each sand hill according to the sand hill shape.
2. The coastal sand dune repair and maintenance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: planting vegetation in each sand hill according to the sand hill morphology comprises: planting sandy vines or herbaceous plants on the sea surface of a sand dune; planting sandy saline-alkali tolerant shrubs on the peak tops of sand dunes; and (5) planting arbor on the back sea surface of the sand dune.
3. The coastal sand dune repair and maintenance method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the sargentgloryvine or herb is one or more of caulis Sargentodoxae, radix Oenotherae Erythrosepalae, herba Euphorbiae Humifusae, and herba Bermudae; the saphenous saline-alkali resistant shrub is one or more of herba Ephedrae, erythrina grass, fructus Vitics Simplicifoliae, and herba Pachyrhizi Erosi; the arbor is one or more of herba Ephedrae, serenoa repens, and Combretaceae.
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