CN111296146A - Composite ecological windbreak for repairing vegetation on sea island windward slope - Google Patents
Composite ecological windbreak for repairing vegetation on sea island windward slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296146A CN111296146A CN202010224174.1A CN202010224174A CN111296146A CN 111296146 A CN111296146 A CN 111296146A CN 202010224174 A CN202010224174 A CN 202010224174A CN 111296146 A CN111296146 A CN 111296146A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0225—Wind breakers, i.e. devices providing lateral protection of the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
A composite ecological wind barrier for repairing vegetation on an upwind slope of a sea island is arranged on the front edge or a repairing area of a main wind direction in winter of a sea island vegetation repairing area, the sea island vegetation repairing area comprises a herbaceous plant repairing area close to the coast, a shrub repairing area and a tree repairing area far away from the coast, and the composite ecological wind barrier comprises a agave wind barrier, arundo donax and an agave composite wind barrier and an arundo donax wind barrier; the agave windbreak is arranged at the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area or the shrub restoration area; the giant reed and agave composite windbreak is arranged at the front edge of a shrub repairing area or an arbor repairing area or in a stepped repairing area; the bamboo reed windbreak is arranged on the front edge of the arbor repairing area or arranged in the arbor repairing area at intervals. According to the invention, the agave windbreak, the arundo donax linn, the agave composite windbreak and the arundo donax linn windbreak form a composite ecological windbreak group, so that the wind shielding protection of different types of plants at different heights of the sea island from the coast to the inward windward slope is met, and the vegetation restoration effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant windbreaks for repairing vegetation on an island windward slope, in particular to a composite ecological windbreak for repairing vegetation on the island windward slope.
Background
The strong wind can accelerate the water transpiration of the plants, which causes serious influence on the growth of the plants, particularly, after the windward side of the island passes through the strong wind in winter and the drought season, the branches and leaves on the upper part and the windward side of the plants are often withered to form common dwarfing and flag-shaped trees, and the whole plants are withered when the plants are serious.
The wind barrier can block cold wind, reduce wind speed and prevent wind from having a drying effect on plants, so that seedlings are lightened to die due to water being dried, and normal growth of the sea island vegetation is ensured. The traditional wind barrier is generally composed of a bracket and a fence. The fence is an important component of the wind barrier, has the height of 1.2-3.5 m, and is generally made of materials such as a sunshade net, a nylon net, non-woven fabrics, reed stalks, sorghum stalks, corn stalks, fine bamboos and the like. The support is mainly used for fixing the fence. Permanent stone wall windbreak, bamboo curtain windbreak and anticorrosion wood-hung nylon net are also built in areas with strong wind mouths. But the early investment cost and the later maintenance cost are high, the durability is poor, wind shielding materials such as a sunshade net are easy to age and break, the materials are rotten to cause secondary pollution, the coastal landscape is influenced, the manufacturing cost of the permanent stone wall windbreak is high, and a plurality of areas are not suitable for construction.
The seaside has high wind speed and long duration, so that the traditional wind barrier is easily damaged by strong wind, and if the wind barrier is not maintained in time, the expected protection effect cannot be achieved. When the research team carries out vegetation restoration on a sea island with prevailing winds in the northeast China, local adopted and transplanted arundo donax and agaves are planted on the outer side of the windward slope of the sea island in an expanding mode, and the ecological wind barrier for restoring the sea island vegetation is constructed. The two plants are readily available locally and are salt-, drought-and wind-tolerant. The agave has the advantages that: the survival rate is high, and salt-tolerant, drought-resistant, the anti-wind ability reinforce, and the advantage of arundo donax is grown highly, and it is effectual to keep out the wind, and nevertheless the two is when using as single plant windbreak, can't keep out the wind to the plant of co-altitude not simultaneously and protect, and the suitability is not good, and the arundo donax seedling can receive the trampling of cattle and sheep at the planting in-process, influences the survival rate of arundo donax, has reduced the protectiveness of windbreak, leads to the repairing effect of vegetation restoration district not good enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite ecological wind barrier for repairing the vegetation on the windward slope of the island, which has the advantages of low cost, good effect and long duration, avoids secondary pollution caused by material decay, can solve the problem that the island vegetation running in the northeast season is easily influenced by strong wind and salt fog during repairing, simultaneously solves the problem that the traditional wind barrier is easily damaged and has high maintenance cost to influence the coastal landscape, and can provide good protection for the plants in a repaired area.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is: a composite ecological wind barrier for repairing vegetation on an upwind slope of a sea island is arranged on the front edge or a repairing area of a main wind direction in winter of a sea island vegetation repairing area, the sea island vegetation repairing area comprises a herbaceous plant repairing area close to the coast, a shrub repairing area and a tree repairing area far away from the coast, and the composite ecological wind barrier comprises a agave wind barrier, arundo donax and an agave composite wind barrier and an arundo donax wind barrier; the agave windbreak is arranged at the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area or the shrub restoration area; the giant reed and agave composite windbreak is arranged at the front edge of a shrub repairing area or an arbor repairing area or in a stepped repairing area; the bamboo reed windbreak is arranged on the front edge of the arbor repairing area or arranged in the arbor repairing area at intervals.
Further, the shrub repair area comprises a low shrub area and a higher shrub area; the low shrub area is closer to the shore, and the higher shrub area is farther from the shore; when the giant reed and agave composite windbreak is arranged in the shrub repair area, the giant reed and agave composite windbreak is arranged at the intersection of the low shrub area and the higher shrub area.
Further, when the giant reed and agave composite wind barrier is arranged in the stepped repair area, the giant reed and agave composite wind barrier and the giant reed extending direction of the giant reed wind barrier are basically vertical to the main wind direction of the northeast monsoon.
Furthermore, the method for establishing the composite ecological wind barrier for repairing the sea-island vegetation comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling preparation:
A. selecting a giant reed colony which grows in pieces on site in a coastal area, selecting giant reed which grows more than 2m in height, cutting part of plant bodies in the giant reed as cutting slips, cutting the cutting slips into propagules which are 40-50 cm long, enabling fracture distances to be 2cm +/-1 cm away from nodal rings, vertically placing the propagules in a water pool, injecting 1:5000 rooting powder solution to enable the solution to submerge the lowest nodal rings, and soaking for more than 2 hours;
B. selecting a large-piece growing agave community in a coastal area, and selecting naturally-propagated plantlets to be dug out with roots as base seedlings for later use;
step two, seedling planting:
A. digging at least one row of agave planting pit holes in the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area or the windward front edge of the low shrub area or the intersection of the low shrub area and the higher shrub area or the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area or the stepped restoration area; digging at least one row of bamboo reed planting furrows in the windward front edge of a higher shrub area or the windward front edge of an arbor repairing area or a stepped repairing area or an arbor repairing area; the agave planting pit is positioned on one side close to the seashore, and the arundo donax planting ditch is positioned on one side of the back seashore;
B. planting one agave in each planting pit hole, planting multiple clusters of arundo donax in each planting ditch at intervals, applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer in the planting pit holes and the planting ditches, stirring and mixing the planting soil and the organic fertilizer uniformly, backfilling, treading to ensure that the agave planted at the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area or the windward front edge of the low shrub area forms an agave wind barrier, the agave planted at the intersection of the low shrub area and the higher shrub area or at the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area or in the stepped restoration area and the arundo donax planted at the windward front edge of the higher shrub area or at the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area or in the stepped restoration area form an arundo donax and agave composite wind barrier, and the arundo donax planted at the front edge of the arbor restoration area or in the arbor restoration area forms an arundo donax windward wind barrier, and a composite ecological wind barrier group is formed;
step three, management and maintenance: watering regularly after the composite ecological windbreak is established, and fertilizing in summer and autumn.
Further, when the giant reed propagules are soaked in the rooting powder solution in the step A, the soaking height of the giant reed propagules in the solution is at least 10 cm.
Further, the width and the depth of the planting pits in the step two A are both 30cm +/-5 cm; the width and the depth of the planting furrows are 20-30 cm; and the distance between the adjacent planting pits and the adjacent planting ditches is 30-50 cm.
Further, planting a cluster of 2-3 seedlings in each cluster of the giant reed in the step B every 20cm +/-5 cm; 0.5-1 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit hole, and 2-4 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting ditch; a proper amount of water-retaining agent is also added into the planting ditch of the giant reed, and the application amount of the water-retaining agent is 30-50 g per meter; the water-retaining agent is required to be fully mixed with organic fertilizer and planting soil and then backfilled in the planting ditch.
Furthermore, the arundo donax linn and the agave are planted in the rainy days at the beginning of 3-4 months of rainy season every year in the second step; if the plants do not rain during the planting period, the water for fixing roots is needed to be irrigated after the arundo donax linn and the agave are planted.
Further, in the third step, when the water is regularly watered, 2 times of water is watered in the first week established by the composite ecological windbreak, 1 time of water is watered every week later, the watering is stopped when raining, and the watering time is at least 1 month; when the fertilizer is applied in summer and autumn, the fertilizer is applied for one time before raining; when in fertilization, the fertilizer is directly applied to the soil surface near the root system of the seedling.
Further, the composite ecological wind barrier can be synchronously established with a sea island vegetation restoration area, and can be implemented 1-2 years ahead of time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the composite ecological wind barrier group is formed by the agave windbreak, the arundo donax, the agave composite wind barrier and the arundo donax wind barrier, so that wind shielding protection of different types of plants under different heights of a sea island from a coast to an inward windward slope is met, the influence of spray splash, ocean spray and northeast monsoon on the plants with different heights of the windward slope is reduced, the survival rate of plants in a sea island vegetation restoration area is improved, the vegetation restoration effect is obvious, and the problems that the existing traditional wind barrier is easy to damage and high in maintenance cost to influence the coastal landscape are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the composite ecological wind barrier of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a field of a trimmed Arundo donax propagule of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a scenario of soaking a bamboo reed propagule in a rooting powder solution according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a scene of digging agave seedlings according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a scene for planting agave and arundo donax seedlings in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a composite ecological wind barrier scene of giant reed and agave upon planting according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a current year cultivation effect diagram of the giant reed and agave composite ecological windbreak of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a result diagram of the complex ecological air barrier of giant reed and agave of the invention after 2 years of cultivation;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the growth effect of the composite ecological wind barrier on the sea of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the growth effect of the composite ecological wind barrier on the offshore windward side of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a result chart of the composite ecological windbreak of the invention after 2 years of cultivation;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a scene in which the bamboo reeds of the present invention are wrapped by a tree restoration area after the bamboo reeds have grown up;
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the giant reed windbreak in the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a planting scene of a composite ecological barrier for arundo donax and agave on a windward slope step shape according to the invention;
FIG. 15 is a result diagram of the complex ecological air barrier of arundo donax and agave for 2 years after the step-shaped reeds and agave are raised on the windward slope of the invention;
reference numerals: the ecological artificial ecological system comprises agave windbreaks 1, arundo donax and agave composite windbreaks 2, arundo donax windbreaks 3, a herbaceous plant restoration area 4, a shrub restoration area 5, a tree restoration area 6 and a low vegetation restoration area 7.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a composite ecological wind barrier for repairing the vegetation on the windward slope of the island, which is arranged at the leading edge or the repairing area of the main wind direction in winter in the vegetation repairing area of the island, wherein the vegetation repairing area of the island comprises a herbaceous plant repairing area 4 close to the coast, a shrub repairing area 5 and a tree repairing area 6 far away from the coast, and the composite ecological wind barrier comprises a agave wind barrier 1, a arundo donax and agave composite wind barrier 2 and an arundo donax wind barrier 3; the agave windbreak 1 is arranged at the front edge of the windward side of the herbaceous plant restoration area 4 or the shrub restoration area 5; the giant reed and agave composite windbreak 2 is arranged at the front edge of the shrub repairing area 5 or the arbor repairing area 6 or in a stepped repairing area; the bamboo reed windbreak 3 is arranged at the front edge of the arbor repairing area 6 or arranged in the arbor repairing area 6 at intervals; in this embodiment, the shrub restoration area 5 includes a low shrub area 51 and a higher shrub area 52; the low shrub area 51 is relatively close to the shore and the higher shrub area 52 is relatively far from the shore; when the giant reed and agave composite wind barrier 2 is arranged in the shrub repairing area 5, the giant reed and agave composite wind barrier is arranged at the intersection of the low shrub area 51 and the higher shrub area 52, wherein in the embodiment, the shrub height of the higher shrub area 52 is more than 1 m; the agave windbreak 1 close to the coast can effectively protect herbaceous plants in the herbaceous plant restoration area 4 or low shrubs in the low shrub area 51 in the shrub restoration area 5, prevent splashed spoondrifts or air salt fog and reduce the influence of the spoondrifts or the salt fog on the low and short vegetation; the higher vegetation in the front edge or the stepped restoration area of the higher shrub area 52 or the arbor restoration area 6 can be effectively protected by the giant reed and agave composite windbreak 2; can effectively block northeast season wind through arundo donax windbreak 3, reduce the influence of northeast season wind to 6 forward edges of arbor restoration district or 6 high big arbors in arbor restoration district, satisfied the island by the coast under the inward windward slope not co-altitude, the protection of keeping out the wind of different grade type plant alleviates the influence that the spoondrift splashes, ocean droplet and northeast season wind to the windward slope plant, improves the survival rate of island vegetation restoration district plant, and vegetation restoration effect is obvious.
In this embodiment, when the arundo donax linn and the agave composite windbreak 2 are arranged in the stepped repair area, the arundo donax linn and the agave composite windbreak 2 and the arundo donax linn windbreak 3 are arranged in a multilayer stepped parallel manner, and the arundo donax linn extending direction is substantially perpendicular to the main wind direction of northeast monsoon, so that the arundo donax linn seedlings are effectively protected by the agave, seawater is prevented from directly splashing on the arundo donax linn, the damage of seawater salt to the arundo donax linn is reduced, and the stable.
The method for establishing the composite ecological windbreak for repairing the vegetation on the windward slope of the island comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling preparation:
A. selecting a giant reed colony which grows in pieces on site in a coastal area, selecting giant reed which grows more than 2m in height, cutting part of plant bodies in the giant reed as cutting slips, cutting the cutting slips into propagules which are 40-50 cm long, enabling fracture distances to be 2cm +/-1 cm away from nodal rings, vertically placing the propagules in a water pool, injecting 1:5000 rooting powder solution to enable the solution to submerge the lowest nodal rings, and soaking for more than 2 hours; in the embodiment, when the arundo donax linn propagules is soaked in the rooting powder solution, the soaking height of the solution of the arundo donax linn propagules is 10cm, the lowermost nodal rings are guaranteed to fully absorb the rooting powder solution, the arundo donax linn propagules are promoted to take roots, the propagation speed of plants is guaranteed, and the survival rate of arundo donax linn planting is improved;
B. selecting a large-piece growing agave community in a coastal area, and selecting naturally-propagated plantlets to be dug out with roots as base seedlings for later use;
step two, seedling planting:
A. digging a row of agave planting pot holes in the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area 4 or the windward front edge of the low shrub area 51 or the intersection of the low shrub area 51 and the higher shrub area 52 or the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area 6 or the stepped restoration area; digging a row of bamboo reed planting ditches at the front edge of the windward side of the higher shrub area 52 or the front edge of the windward side of the arbor repairing area 6 or in the stepped repairing area or in the arbor repairing area 6; the agave planting pit is positioned on one side close to the seashore, and the arundo donax planting ditch is positioned on one side of the back seashore; in the embodiment, the width and the depth of the planting pits are both 30cm +/-5 cm; the width and the depth of the planting furrows are 20-30 cm; the distance between the adjacent planting pits and the planting ditches is 30-50 cm, so that the planted agave and arundo donax linn have sufficient growth space, the grown agave and arundo donax linn can form a complete wind barrier to block wind for a phytoremediation area, meanwhile, the agave planted in the front can protect the arundo donax linn seedlings in the rear, the trampling of the cattle and sheep on the arundo donax linn seedlings is reduced, the influence of sea wave splashing and salt fog on the arundo donax linn seedlings is reduced, and the stable growth of the arundo donax linn is ensured;
B. planting one agave in each planting pit, planting multiple clusters of arundo donax in each planting ditch at intervals, applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer in the planting pits and the planting ditches, then uniformly stirring and mixing the planting soil and the organic fertilizer, backfilling, treading, the agave planted at the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area 4 or the windward front edge of the low shrub area 51 forms an agave air barrier 1, the intersection of the low shrub area 51 and the higher shrub area 52 or the agave planted at the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area 6 or the stepped restoration area, and the arundo planted at the windward front edge of the higher shrub area 52 or the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area 6 or the stepped restoration area form an arundo donax and agave composite air barrier 2, and the arundo planted at the front edge of the arbor restoration area 6 or the arbor restoration area 6 forms an arundo donax air barrier 3, so as to form a composite ecological air barrier group; in the embodiment, the arundo donax linn is planted in clusters every 20cm +/-5 cm, and each cluster comprises 2-3 seedlings; 0.5-1 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit hole, and 2-4 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting ditch; a proper amount of water-retaining agent is also added into the planting ditch of the giant reed, and the application amount of the water-retaining agent is 30-50 g per meter; the water-retaining agent needs to be fully mixed with an organic fertilizer and planting soil and then backfilled in a planting ditch, so that the soil around the planted agave and arundo donax has sufficient nutrition, and the vegetation is promoted to grow quickly; in the embodiment, the arundo donax linn and the agave are planted in the rainy days at the beginning of 3-4 months of rainy season every year; if the plants do not rain during the planting period, the plants of the arundo donax linn and the agave need to be watered with root fixing water, so that the vegetation can fully absorb water and grow in a root fixing way;
step three, management and maintenance: watering regularly after the composite ecological windbreak is established, and fertilizing in summer and autumn; in the embodiment, when the composite ecological windbreak is watered regularly, water needs to be watered for 2 times in the first week established by the composite ecological windbreak, the watering is watered for 1 time every week, the watering is stopped when raining occurs, and the watering time is 1 month; when the fertilizer is applied in summer and autumn, the fertilizer is applied for one time before raining; when in fertilization, the fertilizer is directly applied to the soil surface near the root system of the seedling, so as to ensure that the plant composite ecological windbreak absorbs water and supplements fertilizer regularly and maintain the normal growth of the plant composite ecological windbreak.
In the embodiment, the composite ecological windbreak can be built 1-2 years before the building of the island vegetation restoration area, the composite ecological windbreak which is convenient to grow is directly used as a protective barrier to protect rear vegetation, the influence of spray splash, ocean spray and northeast monsoon on windward slope plants is reduced, the survival rate of the plants in the island vegetation restoration area is improved, and the restoration effect of the vegetation restoration area is good.
FIGS. 2-15 illustrate the field effects of the present embodiment; after preparing seedlings, as shown in fig. 2-4, agave and arundo donax were planted as shown in fig. 5 and 6; as shown in fig. 7, the giant reed and agave composite windbreak 2 in the current year can grow up to be used as a windbreak; as shown in fig. 8, after 2 years of cultivation, the giant reed and agave composite ecological windbreak 2 has high density and good wind shielding effect; as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the giant reed and agave composite ecological windbreak 2 on the offshore windward side can effectively protect the herbaceous plant restoration area 4 and the shrub restoration area 5, block splashed spoondrifts or air salt fog, and reduce the influence of the spoondrifts or the salt fog on low vegetation; as shown in fig. 11-13, the grown composite ecological windbreak can shield wind from vegetation of different heights to ensure stable growth of plants in the vegetation restoration area; as shown in fig. 14 and 15, the planting of the stair-shaped arundo donax and agave composite windbreak 2 in the stair-shaped restoration area can protect arundo donax seedlings through agave, reduce the influence of seawater salt fog on the arundo donax seedlings, ensure the stable growth of the arundo donax, further protect vegetation of different heights through the grown agave and arundo donax, and ensure the restoration effect of the vegetation.
In summary, the composite ecological wind barrier for repairing the vegetation on the island windward slope can effectively form a composite ecological wind barrier group through the agave wind barrier 1, the arundo donax, the agave composite wind barrier 2 and the arundo donax wind barrier 3, meets the wind shielding protection of different types of plants under different heights of the island from the coast to the inner windward slope, reduces the influence of spray, ocean spray and northeast monsoon wind on the plants with different heights of the windward slope, improves the survival rate of the plants in the island vegetation repair area, has obvious vegetation repair effect, and solves the problems that the traditional wind barrier is easy to damage and high in maintenance cost to influence the coastal landscape.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above should not be understood to necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a compound ecological windbreak of island windward slope vegetation restoration sets up in island vegetation restoration district's main wind direction leading edge in winter or restoration district, island vegetation restoration district includes herbaceous plant restoration district (4), bush restoration district (5), the trees restoration district (6) far away offshore that are close to the coast, its characterized in that: the composite ecological wind barrier comprises a agave wind barrier (1), a giant reed, a agave composite wind barrier (2) and a giant reed wind barrier (3); the agave windbreak (1) is arranged at the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area (4) or the shrub restoration area (5); the giant reed and agave composite windbreak (2) is arranged at the front edge of the shrub repairing area (5) or the arbor repairing area (6) or in the stepped repairing area; the bamboo reed windbreak (3) is arranged at the front edge of the arbor repairing area (6) or arranged in the arbor repairing area (6) at intervals.
2. The composite ecological wind barrier for vegetation restoration on an island windward slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shrub repairing area (5) comprises a low shrub area (51) and a higher shrub area (52); the low shrub area (51) is relatively close to the shore and the higher shrub area (52) is relatively far from the shore; when the giant reed and agave composite windbreak (2) is arranged in the shrub repairing area (5), the giant reed and agave composite windbreak is arranged at the junction of the low shrub area (51) and the higher shrub area (52).
3. The composite ecological wind barrier for vegetation restoration on an island windward slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the giant reed and agave composite windbreak (2) is arranged in the stepped repair area, the giant reed and agave composite windbreak (2) is arranged in a multilayer stepped parallel manner, and the giant reed extending direction of the giant reed and agave composite windbreak (2) and the giant reed windbreak (3) is basically vertical to the main wind direction of the northeast monsoon.
4. The method for establishing the composite ecological windbreak for vegetation restoration on the sea island windward slope according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling preparation:
selecting a giant reed colony which grows in pieces on site in a coastal area, selecting giant reed which grows more than 2m in height, cutting part of plant bodies in the giant reed as cutting slips, cutting the cutting slips into propagules which are 40-50 cm long, enabling fracture distances to be 2cm +/-1 cm away from nodal rings, vertically placing the propagules in a water pool, injecting 1:5000 rooting powder solution to enable the solution to submerge the lowest nodal rings, and soaking for more than 2 hours;
selecting a large-piece growing agave community in a coastal area, and selecting naturally-propagated plantlets to be dug out with roots as base seedlings for later use;
step two, seedling planting:
digging at least one row of agave planting pot holes at the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area (4) or the windward front edge of the low shrub area (51) or the intersection of the low shrub area (51) and the higher shrub area (52) or the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area (6) or the stepped restoration area; digging at least one row of bamboo reed planting furrows at the front edge of the windward side of the higher shrub area (52), at the front edge of the windward side of the arbor repairing area (6), in the stepped repairing area or in the arbor repairing area (6); the agave planting pit is positioned on one side close to the seashore, and the arundo donax planting ditch is positioned on one side of the back seashore;
planting one agave in each planting pit, planting multiple clusters of arundo donax in each planting ditch at intervals, applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer in the planting pits and the planting ditches, uniformly stirring and mixing planting soil and the organic fertilizer, backfilling, treading to ensure that the agave planted at the windward front edge of the herbaceous plant restoration area (4) or the windward front edge of the low shrub area (51) forms an agave wind barrier (1), the agave planted at the intersection of the low shrub area (51) and the higher shrub area (52) or at the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area (6) or in the stair-shaped restoration area, and the arundo donax planted at the windward front edge of the higher shrub area (52) or at the windward front edge of the arbor restoration area (6) or in the stair-shaped restoration area form an arundo donax and agave composite wind barrier (2), the front edge of the arbor restoration area (6) or the reed planted in the arbor restoration area (6) form an arundong wind barrier (3), forming a composite ecological windbreak group;
step three, management and maintenance: watering regularly after the composite ecological windbreak is established, and fertilizing in summer and autumn.
5. The method for establishing the composite ecological windbreak for vegetation restoration on the sea island windward slope according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and B, when the giant reed propagules are soaked in the rooting powder solution in the step A, the soaking height of the giant reed propagules in the solution is at least 10 cm.
6. The method for establishing the composite ecological windbreak for vegetation restoration on the sea island windward slope according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the width and the depth of the planting pits in the step A are both 30cm +/-5 cm; the width and the depth of the planting furrows are 20-30 cm; and the distance between the adjacent planting pits and the adjacent planting ditches is 30-50 cm.
7. The method for establishing the composite ecological windbreak for vegetation restoration on the sea island windward slope according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: planting a cluster of 2-3 seedlings in each cluster of the giant reed in the step B every 20cm +/-5 cm; 0.5-1 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit hole, and 2-4 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting ditch; a proper amount of water-retaining agent is also added into the planting ditch of the giant reed, and the application amount of the water-retaining agent is 30-50 g per meter; the water-retaining agent is required to be fully mixed with organic fertilizer and planting soil and then backfilled in the planting ditch.
8. The method for establishing the composite ecological windbreak for vegetation restoration on the windward slope of the island according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: planting the arundo donax linn and the agave in rainy days at the beginning of 3-4 months of rainy season every year in the second step; if the plants do not rain during the planting period, the water for fixing roots is needed to be irrigated after the arundo donax linn and the agave are planted.
9. The method for establishing the composite ecological windbreak for vegetation restoration on the sea island windward slope according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the composite ecological windbreak is watered regularly in the third step, water is watered for 2 times in the first week established by the composite ecological windbreak, the watering is watered for 1 time every week, the watering is stopped when raining, and the watering time is at least 1 month; when the fertilizer is applied in summer and autumn, the fertilizer is applied for one time before raining; when in fertilization, the fertilizer is directly applied to the soil surface near the root system of the seedling.
10. The method for establishing the composite ecological windbreak for vegetation restoration on the sea island windward slope according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the composite ecological wind barrier can be synchronously established with a sea island vegetation restoration area and can be implemented 1-2 years ahead of time.
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