CN111296160B - Method for rapidly planting trees in front edge area for repairing vegetation on windward slope of island - Google Patents
Method for rapidly planting trees in front edge area for repairing vegetation on windward slope of island Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296160B CN111296160B CN202010224181.1A CN202010224181A CN111296160B CN 111296160 B CN111296160 B CN 111296160B CN 202010224181 A CN202010224181 A CN 202010224181A CN 111296160 B CN111296160 B CN 111296160B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0225—Wind breakers, i.e. devices providing lateral protection of the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
A method for rapidly foresting a front edge area for repairing vegetation on an island windward slope comprises the following steps: step one, constructing an artificial windbreak: A. mounting a bracket; B. installing a wind screen; step two, constructing a plant windbreak: A. selecting vegetation; B. selecting a planting field; planting trees in the vegetation restoration area: A. area layout; B. selecting trees; C. obliquely planting holes; D. oblique planting density; E. planting in an oblique way; F. and (5) planting vegetation in the normal planting area. According to the invention, by adopting the combination of the artificial windbreak and the plant windbreak, the wind speed of the windward side of the island is reduced, the plants in the vegetation restoration area on the leeward side of the windbreak are protected from wind, the invasion of wind damage is reduced, the plants in the vegetation restoration area are ensured to grow well, the vegetation closing and forestation rate is improved, the vegetation restoration area can be effectively established in an oblique close planting mode, the bush formation or flag formation of trees caused by wind damage is avoided, and the restoration effect of the vegetation on the windward side of the island is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sapling planting method under a wind shielding condition, in particular to a method for quickly planting trees in a front edge area for repairing vegetation on a sea island windward slope.
Background
The sea island has special geographical conditions, severe ecological environment, severe influence by typhoon, drought, northeast monsoon and the like, and poor vegetation development. After the vegetation is damaged, the natural recovery period is long, and some plants cannot be naturally recovered, so that the problems of serious ecological degradation, water and soil loss, sea island erosion and the like are caused. The artificial intervention for repairing the island vegetation is a key measure for restraining the degradation of the island vegetation and promoting the recovery of the island vegetation, but is restricted by the natural habitat of the island, and some zones are influenced by northeast monsoon, typhoon, salt fog, rainstorm scouring and the like, and the common soil layer is relatively thin, poor in soil, low in clay content, poor in water retention capacity, and poor in fresh water resource, and is influenced by long-time drought in winter and strong wind in winter, so that the difficulty in repairing the island vegetation is very high. Particularly, in the front edge area of the windward side, the influence of strong wind and salt damage in winter is the most serious, after winter, plants die more, the upper parts and branches on the windward side of the surviving plants are dry and withered generally, only the roots survive, and new branches grow on the roots again in the spring of the next year. In winter of the next year, new branches are partially withered, so that a typical old tree is formed in the year after the year, the trees are shrunken, the front edge area is particularly seriously dwarfed, and the wind shielding effect on the rear forests cannot be well realized.
The wind barrier can reduce the wind speed, prevent the wind from pumping out the plants, and improve the survival rate of the seedlings or the proportion of the survival parts on the ground, so that the wind barrier is frequently arranged at the front edge of a plurality of vegetation restoration areas of islands and coasts to reduce the influence of strong wind on the plants. The traditional wind barrier generally comprises a fixed support and a sunshade net or a nylon net, and can play a good wind shielding role, as shown in figure 1, the wind speed change conditions of 3 artificial wind barrier areas installed on a windward slope of a sea island by the inventor are different in ground height, and as can be seen from the figure, the wind speed is obviously reduced after the wind barrier is lower than the position of the wind barrier, but the influence of the wind speed is small when the wind barrier is higher than the position of the wind barrier. And traditional windbreak input cost in earlier stage and later maintenance expense are high, and the durability is relatively poor, and the windbreak materials such as sunshade net are easy ageing breakage, all need install again before winter every year, if the windbreak is not in time maintained, just can not reach the effect of anticipating the protection. In addition, materials such as the sunshade net and the like are rotten to cause secondary pollution, and the landscape environment is influenced. When the inventor carries out vegetation restoration on a certain island which is prevailing in northeast China, giant reed is planted behind an artificial windbreak on the front edge of a windward slope of the island, and the giant reed forms a plant windbreak after growing up, so that the giant reed can replace the artificial windbreak to form a long wind shielding effect.
Generally, the seedlings are planted in an upright mode, so that the trunks of the seedlings can grow upwards continuously, but in plants which are partially withered due to the northeast monsoon in winter, the upright plants have a large proportion of withered plants. On the front edge of the windward slope, the plants are difficult to grow, the closing time is long, and the plants are not beneficial to the rapid forestation of the plants in the vegetation restoration area, so the vegetation restoration effect of the windward slope of the island is very small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly foresting a front-edge area of a vegetation restoration windward slope of an island, which can reduce the wind speed of the windward side of the island by combining an artificial windbreak and a plant windbreak, shield wind for plants in the vegetation restoration area leeward side of the windbreak, reduce the attack of wind damage, ensure the normal growth of the plants in the vegetation restoration area, improve the vegetation closing and forestation rate, establish the vegetation restoration area by oblique planting and dense planting, avoid shrunken or flag formation caused by the wind damage to trees, and improve the restoration effect of the vegetation of the windward slope of the island.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is: a method for rapidly foresting a front edge area for repairing vegetation on an island windward slope comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an artificial windbreak:
A. installing a support: a plurality of fixed columns are taken at the front edge of the windward side of the island and are driven into the ground at intervals, at least 1 fixed pile is installed on one side of each fixed column, part of each fixed pile is driven into the ground, and a traction rope is connected between each fixed pile and each fixed column on the ground;
B. installing a wind screen: the upper end and the lower end between the fixed columns are respectively wound with a fixed rope, and the sun-proof net is fixed on the upper fixed rope and the lower fixed rope of the two adjacent fixed columns through the connecting rope;
step two, constructing a plant windbreak:
A. vegetation selection: taking a luxuriant giant reed colony, selectively cutting part of plant bodies in the giant reed colony as cutting slips, trimming the cutting slips into propagules with the length of 30-50 cm, and soaking part of propagules for more than 2 hours by using a rooting powder solution with the ratio of 1: 5000;
B. selecting a planting field: excavating bamboo reed planting ditches in the leeward side of the artificial windbreak or the stepped restoration area, planting a plurality of clusters of bamboo reeds, treading after backfilling planting soil, and pouring root fixing water;
planting trees in the vegetation restoration area:
A. area layout: selecting a region behind the plant windbreak as a vegetation restoration region, taking a front-edge region of the vegetation restoration region vertical to the main wind direction in winter as an oblique planting region, and taking a rear region as a normal planting region;
B. selecting trees: selecting a tree seedling with the height of 1.5-2.5 m for later use;
C. oblique planting hole setting: excavating a planting hole, wherein the slope of the upwind side of the planting hole is larger, the slope of the downwind side of the planting hole is smaller, and the long edge of the hole is consistent with the main wind direction in winter;
D. oblique planting density: dividing the oblique planting area into a dense planting area and a transition area, wherein the dense planting area is in front of the transition area, and the planting density is gradually reduced after the transition area is behind the transition area;
E. oblique planting: planting arbor saplings in the front edge area in an inclined planting method of 15-75 degrees, and gradually enlarging the inclined planting angle;
F. and (3) vegetation planting in a normal planting area: and excavating a planting pit, and conventionally planting the arbor saplings in a manner of being vertical to the ground.
Further, the fixed columns in the first step A are wooden columns with the length of 3m +/-0.5 m and the diameter of 10cm +/-2 cm, one ends of the fixed columns are sharpened and then are driven into the ground with the depth of 50cm +/-10 cm, 2.5m +/-0.5 m is left on the ground, and the interval between every two adjacent fixed columns is 2.5m +/-1 m; the fixing pile is a wooden pile with the length of 70cm +/-10 cm, and one end of the wooden pile is sharpened and then obliquely driven into the ground by 50cm +/-10 cm.
Furthermore, the sun-screening net in the step one B is an anti-aging sun-screening net, and the width of the sun-screening net is close to the height of the ground part of the fixing column; the traction rope, the fixing rope and the connecting rope are all sun-proof nylon ropes, the diameters of the traction rope and the fixing rope are all 1.5cm, and the diameter of the connecting rope is 0.5 cm.
Further, an included angle between the traction rope and the fixed column is 45 degrees.
Further, at least 3 nodal rings of the arundo donax linn propagules trimmed in the step two A are reserved; the soaking part of the propagule is provided with at least 1 nodal ring; in the step B, the excavation width and the excavation depth of the arundo donax planting ditch are both 30cm, and the planting soil laid in the ditch is nutrient soil formed by uniformly mixing excavated soil, organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent; the nutrient soil is laid to 1/3 deep in the ditch before vegetation planting, and the rest nutrient soil is backfilled after seedling planting.
Further, the giant reed is planted in the early stage of rainy season, and is planted simultaneously with or before the vegetation-restored nursery stock is planted; the planting interval of the two connected clusters of the arundo donax linn is 20cm, and each cluster of the arundo donax linn comprises 2-3 seedlings.
Further, in the third step A, the width of the oblique planting area is 10-20 m; selecting a bag-packed arbor seedling from the saplings in the step III; and step three C, the top surface and the bottom surface of the planting hole are both rectangular structures, the length of the top surface is 60-80 cm, the width of the top surface is 40cm, and the length, the width and the depth of the planting hole are 40 cm.
Further, the slope of the upwind side and the downwind side of the planting hole is smaller, and the longer the pit is.
Further, in the third step, the row spacing and the plant spacing of each row of the dense planting area in the oblique planting area are both 1 meter; the plant spacing of the transition region is 1m, and the row spacing is 2 m; thirdly, planting the arbor saplings in the oblique planting area in a staggered arrangement mode; the planting rows of the arbor seedlings in the close planting area and the transition area are 3-5 rows; and step three F, the planting density of the normal planting area is 2 x 2m or 3 x 3 m.
Furthermore, the sapling planting inclination angle of the close planting area in the oblique planting area is 30 degrees +/-10 degrees, the sapling planting inclination angle of the transition area is 45 degrees +/-10 degrees-60 +/-10 degrees, and 3 rows of saplings are planted in each inclination angle area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the wind speed of the windward side of the island is reduced by adopting the artificial windbreak, and the short plant windbreak is protected, so that the giant reed of the plant windbreak can grow stably; by adopting the plant windbreak, the grown plant windbreak is used as a second barrier to shield wind for plants in the vegetation restoration area, so that the plants in the vegetation restoration area can be ensured to grow better, and after the artificial windbreak is damaged, the plants in the vegetation restoration area can be continuously protected from wind through the plant windbreak, so that the attack of wind damage is reduced, and the closing of the vegetation restoration area is accelerated; by planting the vegetation restoration area in an oblique close planting mode, the phenomenon that trees in the vegetation restoration area die or the upper part of the vegetation restoration area is dry due to strong wind in winter is reduced, the vegetation canopy-forming speed is improved, the trees are prevented from being shrunken or flag due to wind damage, and the restoration effect of the vegetation on the windward slope of the island is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the prior art artificial wind barrier with different ground heights and wind speed changes on the same front and back cross sections.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the construction of the artificial windbreak, the plant windbreak and the vegetation restoration area.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the artificial wind barrier of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partial front view structural schematic diagram of the artificial wind barrier of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the change of the planting angle of trees in the vegetation restoration area.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the variation of the vegetation planting density in the slant planting area of the vegetation restoration area.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top surface structure view of the planting hole of the vegetation restoration area of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional structure view of a planting hole of a vegetation restoration area of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a fixed column installation scene of the artificial windbreak.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an installed artificial wind barrier scene.
Fig. 11 is a scene schematic diagram of a giant reed windbreak planted in a stepped restoration zone.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a position relationship between Arundo donax Linn in an artificial windbreak and a plant windbreak and an obliquely planted arbor in a vegetation restoration area.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the effect of plant windbreak cultivation.
FIG. 14 is an effect diagram of the removal of the artificial windbreak after the plant windbreak giant reed is grown.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the effect of removing artificial windbreak and plant windbreak after the vegetation on the front edge of the restoration area is grown after forestation.
Reference numerals
The artificial windbreak comprises an artificial windbreak 1, a fixed column 11, a traction rope 12, a fixed pile 13, a sun-proof net 14, a fixed rope 15, a connecting rope 16, a plant windbreak 2, a vegetation restoration area 3, an oblique planting area 31, a close planting area 311, a transition area 312, a planting hole 313, an upwind side 313', a downwind side 313 ″ and a normal planting area 32.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for rapidly foresting a front edge area for repairing vegetation on an island windward slope comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an artificial windbreak 1 shown in figures 2-4:
A. installing a support: a plurality of fixed columns 11 are arranged at the front edge of the windward side of the island and are driven into the ground at intervals, in the embodiment, the fixed columns 11 are wood columns with the length of 3m +/-0.5 m and the diameter of 10cm +/-2 cm, preferably the wood columns with the length of 3m and the diameter of 10 cm; one end of the fixed column 11 is sharpened and then is driven into the ground by 50cm +/-10 cm, 2.5m +/-0.5 m is left on the ground, preferably, the fixed column 11 is driven into the ground by 50cm, and preferably, 2.5m is left on the ground; the interval between two adjacent fixed columns 11 is 2.5m +/-1 m, preferably 2.5 m; 1 fixing pile 13 is installed on both sides of each fixing column 11, and part of the fixing pile 13 is driven into the ground, in this embodiment, the fixing pile 13 is a wood pile with a length of 70cm ± 10cm, preferably 70 cm; one end of the timber pile is sharpened and then obliquely driven into the ground by 50cm +/-10 cm, preferably 50 cm; a traction rope 12 is connected between the ground fixing pile 13 and the fixing column 11, in the embodiment, an included angle between the traction rope 12 and the fixing column 11 is 45 degrees, a stable triangular structure is formed among the traction rope 12, the fixing column 11 and the ground, the fixing column 11 cannot sway left and right under the action of strong wind, and the stability of the artificial windbreak 1 is improved; in this embodiment, the included angle between the pulling rope 12 and the fixing column 11 is the best state when 45 degrees, but the included angle between the pulling rope 12 and the fixing column is not limited to 45 degrees, and the included angle can also be changed according to the actual situation, so that the stability of the artificial windbreak 1 is maintained.
B. Installing a wind screen: the upper end and the lower end between the fixed columns 11 are respectively wound with a fixed rope 15, and the sun-proof net 14 is fixed on the upper fixed rope 15 and the lower fixed rope 15 of two adjacent fixed columns 11 through a connecting rope 16, in the embodiment, the traction rope 12, the fixed rope 15 and the connecting rope 16 are all sun-proof nylon ropes, the diameters of the traction rope 12 and the fixed rope 15 are both 1.5cm, and the diameter of the connecting rope 16 is both 0.5 cm; the sun-proof net 14 is an anti-aging sun-proof net, the width of the sun-proof net 14 is close to the height of the ground part of the fixed columns 11, the sun-proof net 14 can form a complete barrier with the two adjacent fixed columns 11 to shield wind, the invasion of wind damage is reduced, the anti-erosion capacity of the sun-proof nylon rope and the anti-aging sun-proof net is strong, and the service life of the artificial wind barrier 1 in the island area can be prolonged;
step two, constructing a plant windbreak 2 shown in figure 2:
A. vegetation selection: taking a luxuriant arundo donax linn colony, selectively cutting part of plant bodies in the gramineous arundo donax linn colony as cuttings and trimming the cuttings into propagules with the length of 30-50 cm, and soaking part of the propagules in a rooting powder solution with the ratio of 1:5000 for more than 2 hours, wherein in the embodiment, the trimmed arundo donax linn propagules are reserved with 3 node rings, and the soaked part of the propagules has 1 node ring, so that the trimmed arundo donax linn propagules can root underground through 1 node ring and germinate on the ground through the other 2 node rings after being buried in soil; the giant reed propagules soaked in the rooting powder solution can promote rooting of the subzero rings of the soil, guarantee the propagation speed of plants and improve the survival rate of the giant reed plants;
B. selecting a planting field: excavating bamboo reed planting ditches in the leeward side or the stepped restoration area of the artificial windbreak 1, planting a plurality of clusters of bamboo reeds, treading after backfilling planting soil, and pouring root fixing water; in this embodiment, the planting time of the arundo donax linn is in the early stage of rainy season, and the arundo donax linn and the nursery stock for vegetation restoration are planted simultaneously; the planting interval of the two connected clusters of the arundo donax linn is 20cm, and each cluster of the arundo donax linn comprises 2-3 seedlings; the excavation width and the excavation depth of the bamboo reed planting ditch are both 30cm, and the planting soil laid in the ditch is nutrient soil obtained by uniformly mixing excavated soil, organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent; the nutrient soil is laid to 1/3 deep in the ditch before vegetation is planted, the rest nutrient soil is backfilled after seedlings are planted, the nutrient soil can improve the soil nutrient and water, reduce the dry-out of the arundo donax linn, improve the survival rate of the seedlings, effectively form a plant windbreak 2 through the long and large arundo donax linn, and replace an artificial windbreak 1 to form a long-term wind shielding effect;
planting trees in the vegetation restoration area 3 shown in the figures 2 and 5-8:
A. area layout: selecting a rear area of the plant windbreak 2 as a vegetation restoration area 3, and taking a front area of the vegetation restoration area 3 vertical to the main wind direction in winter as an oblique planting area 31, and taking a rear area as a normal planting area 32; in the embodiment, the width of the oblique planting area 31 is 10-20 m;
B. selecting trees: selecting a tree seedling with the height of 1.5-2.5 m for later use; in the embodiment, the tree seedlings are selected to be bagged, and by reducing the height of the tree seedlings, the influence of strong wind on the plants can be reduced through the artificial wind barrier 1, so that the plants can be kept in a larger survival proportion, even the whole plants are kept complete, more lateral branches can grow on the plants in the spring of the coming year, the biomass of the plants is improved, and the closing of the vegetation restoration area 3 is accelerated;
C. the oblique planting hole 313 is provided with: excavating a planting hole 313, wherein in the embodiment, the top surface and the bottom surface of the planting hole 313 are both rectangular structures, and the length of the top surface is 60-80 cm, preferably 80 cm; the width is 40cm, the length and the width of the bottom surface and the depth of the planting hole 313 are all 40cm, the slope of the upwind side 313 'of the planting hole 313 is larger, the slope of the downwind side 313' is smaller, the long side of the planting hole is consistent with the main wind direction in winter, the slope of the upwind side and the downwind side of the planting hole 313 is smaller, the long side of the planting hole is longer, the plants can be conveniently and quantitatively planted along the wind direction according to a specific inclination angle, the probability that trees are blown down and broken by wind during typhoon is reduced, the typhoon resistance of the plants is improved, and the plants can be conveniently and rapidly grown;
D. oblique planting density: the oblique planting area 31 is divided into a close planting area 311 and a transition area 312, the close planting area 311 is in the front, the transition area 312 is in the rear, and the planting density is gradually reduced; in this embodiment, the row spacing and the plant spacing of each row of the close planting region 311 in the oblique planting region 31 are both 1 meter; the plant spacing of the transition region 312 is 1m, and the row spacing is 2 m;
E. oblique planting: planting arbor seedlings in the oblique planting area 31 by adopting an oblique planting method of 15-75 degrees, and gradually enlarging the oblique planting angle; in this example, the sapling planting inclination angle of the close planting area 311 in the oblique planting area 31 is 30 ° ± 10 °, preferably 30 °; the transition area 312 is divided into a front area and a rear area, the front part of the transition area 312 is close to the close planting area 311, the planting inclination angle of the arbor saplings in the area is 45 degrees +/-10 degrees, and preferably 45 degrees; the rear part of the transition area 312 is far away from the close planting area 311, and the planting inclination angle of the arbor saplings in the area is 60 degrees +/-10 degrees, preferably 60 degrees; 3-5 rows of saplings are planted in the close planting area 311, 3-5 rows of saplings are planted in the front area and the rear area of the transition area 312, and preferably, 3 rows of saplings are planted in each inclined angle area; the arbor saplings in the oblique planting area 31 are planted in a staggered arrangement mode, and the staggered oblique planting of the vegetation can reduce plant withering or upper dry-up in the vegetation restoration area 3 caused by strong wind in winter, further improve the vegetation closing and forestation rate, avoid shrubbling or dwarfing of the arbor caused by wind damage, and ensure the restoration effect of the island vegetation;
F. planting 32 vegetation in the normal planting area: excavating planting pits, and conventionally planting the arbor saplings in a manner of being vertical to the ground; in this embodiment, the planting density of the normal planting area 32 is 2 × 2m or 3 × 3m, and preferably 2 × 2 m.
FIGS. 9-15 illustrate the field effects of the present embodiment; as shown in fig. 9 and 10, an artificial windbreak 1 is established on the windward side of a sea island; as shown in fig. 12, a plant windbreak 2 and a vegetation restoration area 3 are established on the leeward side of an artificial windbreak 1, the artificial windbreak 1 can reduce the windward wind speed of the island and protect the short plant windbreak 2, so that the arundo donax of the plant windbreak 2 can grow stably; as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the grown plant windbreak 2 serves as a second barrier to shield wind from the plants in the vegetation restoration area 3, so as to ensure that the plants in the vegetation restoration area 3 grow well, and after the artificial windbreak 1 is damaged, the plant windbreak 2 can continue to function to shield wind from the plants in the vegetation restoration area 3, so as to reduce the attack of wind damage, further improve the plant biomass of the vegetation restoration area 3, and accelerate the canopy closure of the vegetation restoration area 3; as shown in fig. 11, the plant windbreak 2 established in the stepped restoration area performs windbreak protection on the rear vegetation restoration area 3 by planting the stepped arundo donax linn; due to the adoption of the oblique planting close planting method, the withering or upper part drying caused by strong wind in winter is reduced, the vegetation canopy-closing forest-forming speed is improved, bush formation or flag formation caused by wind damage to the trees is avoided, a tree forest-forming map of the vegetation restoration area 3 is shown in a graph 15, and the restoration effect of the vegetation on the windward slope of the island is obvious.
In conclusion, the invention relates to a method for rapidly foresting the front edge area of the island windward slope vegetation restoration, which adopts the artificial windbreak 1 to reduce the wind speed of the windward side of the island and protect the short plant windbreak 2, so that the arundo donax of the plant windbreak 2 can stably grow; by adopting the plant windbreak 2, the grown plant windbreak 2 is used as a second barrier to shield wind for plants in the vegetation restoration area 3, so that the plants in the vegetation restoration area 3 can be ensured to grow well, and after the artificial windbreak 1 is damaged, the plants in the vegetation restoration area 3 can be continuously protected from wind through the plant windbreak 2, so that the attack of wind damage is reduced, and the closing of the vegetation restoration area 3 is accelerated; by planting the vegetation restoration area 3 in an oblique close planting mode, the phenomenon that trees in the vegetation restoration area 3 die or the upper part of the vegetation restoration area is dry due to strong wind in winter is reduced, the vegetation canopy-forming speed is improved, the trees are prevented from being shrunken or flag-shaped due to wind damage, and the restoration effect of the vegetation on the windward slope of the island is improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above should not be understood to necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly planting forests in a front edge area of vegetation restoration of an island windward slope is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an artificial windbreak (1):
A. installing a support: a plurality of fixing columns (11) are taken at the front edge of the windward side of the island and are driven into the ground at intervals, at least 1 fixing pile (13) is installed on one side of each fixing column (11), part of each fixing pile (13) is driven into the ground, and a traction rope (12) is connected between each fixing pile (13) on the ground and each fixing column (11);
B. installing a wind screen: the upper end and the lower end between the fixed columns (11) are respectively wound with a fixed rope (15), and the sun-proof net (14) is fixed on the upper fixed rope (15) and the lower fixed rope (15) of the two adjacent fixed columns (11) through a connecting rope (16);
step two, constructing a plant windbreak (2):
A. vegetation selection: taking a luxuriant giant reed colony, selectively cutting part of plant bodies in the giant reed colony as cutting slips, trimming the cutting slips into propagules with the length of 30-50 cm, and soaking part of propagules for more than 2 hours by using a rooting powder solution with the ratio of 1: 5000;
B. selecting a planting field: excavating bamboo reed planting ditches in a leeward side or a stepped restoration area of the artificial windbreak (1), planting a plurality of clusters of bamboo reeds, treading after backfilling planting soil, and pouring root fixing water;
planting trees in the vegetation restoration area (3):
A. area layout: selecting a rear area of the plant windbreak (2) as a vegetation restoration area (3), and taking a front area of the vegetation restoration area (3) vertical to a main wind direction in winter as an oblique planting area (31), and the rear area as a normal planting area (32);
B. selecting trees: selecting a tree seedling with the height of 1.5-2.5 m for later use;
C. oblique planting hole (313) setting: excavating a planting hole (313), wherein the slope of the upwind side (313 ') of the planting hole (313) is larger, the slope of the downwind side (313') is smaller, and the long edge of the hole is consistent with the main wind direction in winter;
D. oblique planting density: the oblique planting area (31) is divided into a dense planting area (311) and a transition area (312), the dense planting area (311) is in the front, the transition area (312) is in the back, and the planting density is gradually reduced;
E. oblique planting: planting arbor saplings in the front edge area in an inclined planting method of 15-75 degrees, and gradually enlarging the inclined planting angle;
F. and (3) vegetation planting in the normal planting area (32): and excavating a planting pit, and conventionally planting the arbor saplings in a manner of being vertical to the ground.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step A, the fixed columns (11) are wooden columns with the length of 3m +/-0.5 m and the diameter of 10cm +/-2 cm, one end of each fixed column (11) is sharpened and then is driven into the ground with the depth of 50cm +/-10 cm, 2.5m +/-0.5 m is left on the ground, and the interval between every two adjacent fixed columns (11) is 2.5m +/-1 m; the fixed pile (13) is a wooden pile with the length of 70cm +/-10 cm, and one end of the wooden pile is sharpened and then obliquely driven into the ground by 50cm +/-10 cm.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step one B, the sun-screening net (14) is an anti-aging sun-screening net, and the width of the sun-screening net (14) is close to the height of the ground part of the fixing column (11); the sun-proof nylon rope is characterized in that the traction rope (12), the fixing rope (15) and the connecting rope (16) are sun-proof nylon ropes, the diameters of the traction rope (12) and the fixing rope (15) are both 1.5cm, and the diameter of the connecting rope (16) is both 0.5 cm.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the included angle between the traction rope (12) and the fixed column (11) is 45 degrees.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: at least 3 nodal rings of the arundo donax linn propagules trimmed in the step A are reserved; the soaking part of the propagule is provided with at least 1 nodal ring; in the step B, the excavation width and the excavation depth of the arundo donax planting ditch are both 30cm, and the planting soil laid in the ditch is nutrient soil formed by uniformly mixing excavated soil, organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent; the nutrient soil is laid to 1/3 deep in the ditch before vegetation planting, and the rest nutrient soil is backfilled after seedling planting.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the reed planting time is in the early stage of rainy season, and the reed and the nursery stock for vegetation restoration are planted simultaneously or before the nursery stock for vegetation restoration is planted; the planting interval of the two connected clusters of the arundo donax linn is 20cm, and each cluster of the arundo donax linn comprises 2-3 seedlings.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the third step A, the width of the oblique planting area (31) is 10-20 m; selecting a bag-packed arbor seedling from the saplings in the step III; and step three C, the top surface and the bottom surface of the planting hole (313) are both rectangular structures, the length of the top surface is 60-80 cm, the width of the top surface is 40cm, and the length and the width of the bottom surface and the depth of the planting hole (313) are all 40 cm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the slope of the upwind side and the downwind side of the planting hole (313) is smaller, and the longer the long edge of the hole is.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the third step, the row spacing and the plant spacing of each row of the dense planting area (311) in the oblique planting area (31) are both 1 meter; the plant spacing of the transition region (312) is 1m, and the row spacing is 2 m; thirdly, planting the arbor saplings in the oblique planting area (31) in a staggered mode; the planting rows of the arbor seedlings in the close planting area (311) and the transition area (312) are 3-5 rows; and step three F, the planting density of the normal planting area (32) is 2 x 2m or 3 x 3 m.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the sapling planting inclination angle of the dense planting area (311) in the oblique planting area (31) is 30 degrees +/-10 degrees, the sapling planting inclination angle of the transition area (312) is 45 degrees +/-10 degrees-60 +/-10 degrees, and 3 rows of saplings are planted in each inclination area.
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| CN112913564A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-08 | 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 | Construction method of sea paint pioneer community for accelerating diffusion speed |
| CN114885731A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Vegetation recovery method for typhoon-damaged mangrove forest land |
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