CN111418295A - Fertilizer and water retention land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting - Google Patents
Fertilizer and water retention land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111418295A CN111418295A CN202010414055.2A CN202010414055A CN111418295A CN 111418295 A CN111418295 A CN 111418295A CN 202010414055 A CN202010414055 A CN 202010414055A CN 111418295 A CN111418295 A CN 111418295A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizer and water conservation soil preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting, which comprises the steps of raising and ditching along a contour curve direction according to the planting density of plants, ditching from a mountain top to a mountain bottom during ditching, wherein the distance between ditches is not less than 3 meters, the width of each ditch is 80-100 centimeters, the depth of each ditch is 60-80 centimeters, then weed shrubs around the ditches are buried in the ditches, soil dug during ditching and peripheral surface soil are filled into the ditches, the upper ground and the lower ground outside the ditches are leveled, the soil filled in the ditches is 40-50 centimeters higher than the ground, ridge surfaces with the width of 80-100 centimeters are formed, soil preparation is carried out circularly, a plurality of ridging surfaces for planting the plants are formed, and after the soil on the ridge surfaces naturally sinks, the ridge surfaces with the height of 20-30 centimeters at the upper slope surface and the height of 40-50 centimeters at the lower slope surface are formed. The ditching and ridging soil preparation method can better keep water and soil, preserve fertilizer and water, effectively increase organic fertilizer and air permeability of soil, and lead the growth speed of plants to be faster and the fruiting to be more.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a fertilizer and water retention land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting.
Background
Tea-oil camellia, an economic woody plant, is a deep-rooted plant, has a long service life and strict requirements on soil, and soil preparation is an important link in the development and planting process and is directly related to the growth of saplings and the later fruiting yield.
Economic woody plants are mostly planted on sloping fields, and the sloping fields are easy to cause water and soil loss, and the root cause of the water and soil loss is surface runoff. The soil is taken away by the flow of water, and the degree of water and soil loss is proportional to the runoff on the earth's surface. The best measure for preventing water and soil loss is soil preparation. The traditional methods of full-reclamation land preparation and ladder land preparation are mostly adopted, the two land preparation methods can improve the problem of water and soil loss to a certain extent, but the effect is still not ideal, and the economic woody plants planted by the land preparation methods have slow growth speed and low yield. In addition, environment pollution can be caused by cutting and burning mountains in the traditional land preparation method, and the environment is not favorable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for maintaining fertilizer, water and soil, maintaining fertilizer and water, effectively increasing the air permeability of soil, accelerating the growth speed of plants and having more fruits, which is suitable for planting camellia oleifera in mountainous regions.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fertilizer and water retention land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting comprises the following steps:
① selecting land, namely selecting gentle slope land with soil depth of more than 80cm and gradient of less than 25 degrees, wherein the pH value of the soil is between 5.5 and 6.5;
② ditching, namely ditching along the curve direction of the contour line according to the planting density of the plants, ditching from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain during ditching, wherein the distance between ditches is not less than 3 m, the ditches are arranged to be the same as the planting row spacing of the plants, the width of each ditch is 80-100 cm, and the depth of each ditch is 60-80 cm;
③ burying weed and shrub around the ditch in the ditch, and increasing the air permeability of organic fertilizer and soil in the lower layer after the weed and shrub are rotten;
④ ridging, filling the dug soil and the peripheral surface soil into the ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, filling the soil in the ditch to be 40-50 cm higher than the ground, and forming a ridge surface with the width of 80-100 cm;
⑤ repeating steps ② to ④, circularly preparing soil from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain to form a plurality of ridging surfaces for planting plants, and forming ridge surfaces with an upper slope surface height of 20-30 cm and a lower slope surface height of 40-50 cm after the soil on the ridge surfaces naturally sinks.
Further, in step ①, the land is selected to be laterite or yellow loam with a pH of between 5.5 and 6.5.
Further, in step ②, soil excavated during ditching is placed beneath and outside the ditch.
Further, in step ③, the weed shrubs above and outside the trench are buried in the trench bottom.
Further, in step ④, the soil on the top outside the trench and the soil excavated during the ditching are filled in the trench.
Further, in step ②, digging a ditch with a width of 80-100 cm and a depth of 60-80 cm corresponding to the width of the bucket of the excavator by the excavator.
Further, in step ⑤, the soil on the ridge surface naturally sinks by 10-20 cm.
As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
according to the invention, a ditching and ridging land preparation method is adopted, a convex ridging surface is formed above ditching, the ridging surface is equivalent to a dam built into one channel, and when rain comes, rainwater can be accumulated on the upper slope surface of the ridging surface and slowly permeate into a deeply dug digging ditch and is accumulated on the lower layer of ditching soil, so that water and soil loss is avoided, the storage amount of water in the lower layer of soil is increased, the downhill surface of the ridging surface is free from water accumulation, the air permeability of the soil can be effectively increased, and the growth of plants cannot be influenced by excessive water content of the soil in rainy seasons; when dry seasons come, the water accumulated on the lower layer of the lifting trench moves upwards through the soil capillary, so that the water content of the soil can be effectively maintained, the fertilizer and the water are better maintained, the favorable conditions for plant growth are better adapted, the plant growth is faster, and more fruits are obtained; in addition, when furrowing, weed shrubs growing on the land are directly buried in the furrows, compared with the traditional mountain-cutting and burning, the method does not cause environmental pollution, increases the organic matter content and fertilizer of the soil after the weeds and the shrubs are rotten, and is not easy to cause soil hardening. Compared with the traditional full-reclamation and ladder-opening soil preparation method, the soil ventilation property can be increased by 30% in rainy season, the water supply quantity of the soil in dry season can be increased by about 40%, the plant growth speed is increased by more than 40% on the same management basis, and the yield is increased by more than 30%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mountain land after soil preparation by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the appearance effect of the mountain land after soil preparation by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.
The fertilizer and water retention land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting is suitable for planting economic woody plants, and has a better effect when applied to camellia oleifera planting, and the row spacing of camellia oleifera planting is 3.5-4 m.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the fertilizer and water conservation and soil preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting of the embodiment is applied to camellia oleifera planting, and includes the following steps:
① selecting land, namely selecting a gentle slope land with the deep soil, the soil layer thickness of more than 80cm, the slope of less than 25 degrees and the soil PH value of 5.5-6.5;
② furrowing, namely furrowing is carried out along the curve direction of the contour line according to the planting density of the camellia oleifera, furrowing is carried out from the top of a mountain to the bottom of the mountain during furrowing, the distance between furrows is 3.5 meters, namely the planting row spacing of the camellia oleifera, at a preset position, a furrowing ditch which is 80-100 cm wide and 60 cm deep and is adaptive to the width of a bucket of a digging machine is dug by the digging machine, and soil dug during furrowing is placed below the outside of the ditch;
③ burying the weed bush above the ditch at the periphery of the ditch bottom;
④ ridging, filling the top soil outside the ditch and the dug soil in the ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, filling soil in the ditch to a height 40 cm higher than the ground, and forming a ridge surface 80cm wide;
⑤, repeating the steps ② to ④, circularly preparing soil from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain, forming a plurality of ridging surfaces for planting the camellia oleifera, and forming ridge surfaces with an upper slope surface height of 20-25 cm and a lower slope surface height of 40-45 cm after the ridge surface soil naturally sinks for 10-20 cm.
Example 2
The fertilizer and water conservation land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting is applied to camellia oleifera planting and comprises the following steps:
① selecting land, namely selecting slow slope land with soil depth of more than 80cm and gradient of less than 25 degrees, and selecting yellow loam with soil pH value of 5.5-6.5;
② furrowing, namely furrowing is carried out along the curve direction of the contour line according to the planting density of the camellia oleifera, furrowing is carried out from the top of a mountain to the bottom of the mountain during furrowing, the distance between furrows is 4.0 m, namely the planting row spacing of the camellia oleifera, at a preset position, a furrowing ditch which is 80-100 cm wide and 80cm deep and is adaptive to the width of a bucket of a digging machine is dug by the digging machine, and soil dug during furrowing is placed below the outside of the ditch;
③ burying the weed bush above the ditch at the periphery of the ditch bottom;
④ ridging, filling the top soil outside the ditch and the dug soil in the ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, filling the soil in the ditch to 50 cm higher than the ground, and forming a ridge surface of 100 cm width;
⑤, repeating the steps ② to ④, circularly preparing soil from the mountain top to the mountain, forming a plurality of ridging surfaces for planting the camellia oleifera, and forming ridge surfaces with an upper slope surface height of 25-30 cm and a lower slope surface height of 45-50 cm after the ridge surface soil naturally sinks for 10-20 cm.
Example 3
The fertilizer and water conservation land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting is applied to camellia oleifera planting and comprises the following steps:
① selecting land, namely selecting a gentle slope land with the deep soil, the soil layer thickness of more than 80cm, the slope of less than 25 degrees and the soil PH value of 5.5-6.5;
② furrowing, namely furrowing is carried out along the curve direction of the contour line according to the planting density of the camellia oleifera, furrowing is carried out from the top of a mountain to the bottom of the mountain during furrowing, the distance between furrows is 3.8 meters, namely the planting row spacing of the camellia oleifera, at a preset position, a furrowing ditch which is 80-100 cm wide and 70 cm deep and is adaptive to the width of a bucket of a digging machine is dug by the digging machine, and soil dug during furrowing is placed below the outside of the ditch;
③ burying the weed bush above the ditch at the periphery of the ditch bottom;
④ ridging, filling the top soil outside the ditch and the dug soil in the ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, filling the soil in the ditch to 45 cm higher than the ground, and forming a ridge surface of 90 cm width;
⑤, repeating the steps ② to ④, circularly preparing soil from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain, forming a plurality of ridging surfaces for planting the camellia oleifera, and forming ridge surfaces with an upper slope surface height of 23-28 cm and a lower slope surface height of 43-48 cm after the ridge surface soil naturally sinks for 10-20 cm.
The ditching, ridging and land preparation method is suitable for economic woody plant planting areas such as the Hunan, the Jiangxi, the Guangxi and the like, the soil slope is below 25 degrees, compared with the traditional full-reclamation land preparation method and the ladder land preparation method, the soil air permeability can be increased by 30% in rainy season, and the water supply of the soil can be increased by about 40% in dry season temporarily; on the same management basis, compared with the traditional full-reclamation and ladder-opening land preparation method, the method for planting the camellia oleifera has the advantages that the plant growth speed is higher by more than 40%, and the yield is increased by more than 30%.
The above description is only three specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A fertilizer and water retention land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
① selecting land, namely selecting gentle slope land with soil depth of more than 80cm and gradient of less than 25 degrees, wherein the pH value of the soil is between 5.5 and 6.5;
② ditching, namely ditching along the curve direction of the contour line according to the planting density of the plants, ditching from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain during ditching, wherein the distance between ditches is not less than 3 m, the ditches are arranged to be the same as the planting row spacing of the plants, the width of each ditch is 80-100 cm, and the depth of each ditch is 60-80 cm;
③ burying weed and shrub around the ditch in the ditch, and increasing the air permeability of organic fertilizer and soil in the lower layer after the weed and shrub are rotten;
④ ridging, filling the dug soil and the peripheral surface soil into the ditch, leveling the upper and lower ground outside the ditch, filling the soil in the ditch to be 40-50 cm higher than the ground, and forming a ridge surface with the width of 80-100 cm;
⑤ repeating steps ② to ④, circularly preparing soil from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain to form a plurality of ridging surfaces for planting plants, and forming ridge surfaces with an upper slope surface height of 20-30 cm and a lower slope surface height of 40-50 cm after the soil on the ridge surfaces naturally sinks.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step ①, the soil is selected from red or yellow soil with pH of 5.5-6.5.
3. The method for preserving fertilizer, preserving water and preparing soil suitable for planting camellia oleifera in mountainous regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step ②, the soil dug out during ditching is placed below the outside of the ditch.
4. The method for preserving fertilizer, preserving water and preparing land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step ③, the weed shrubs above the outside of the ditch are buried in the bottom of the ditch.
5. The fertilizer and water conservation soil preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting according to claim 3, wherein in step ④, the soil on the upper part outside the ditch and the soil dug out during ditching are filled in the ditch.
6. The fertilizer and water conservation and soil preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting according to claim 1, wherein in step ②, a ditch with a width of 80-100 cm and a depth of 60-80 cm corresponding to the width of a bucket of a digging machine is dug by the digging machine.
7. The fertilizer and water retention soil preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting according to claim 1, wherein in step ⑤, soil on the ridge surface naturally sinks by 10-20 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115226560A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-10-25 | 永州职业技术学院 | Cultivation method for automatic fruit dropping of camellia oleifera |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115226560A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-10-25 | 永州职业技术学院 | Cultivation method for automatic fruit dropping of camellia oleifera |
| CN115226560B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-07-25 | 永州职业技术学院 | Cultivation method for automatically dropping fruits of tea-oil trees |
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