CN101731095A - Safe overwintering method of castor-oil plants - Google Patents
Safe overwintering method of castor-oil plants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101731095A CN101731095A CN201010106420A CN201010106420A CN101731095A CN 101731095 A CN101731095 A CN 101731095A CN 201010106420 A CN201010106420 A CN 201010106420A CN 201010106420 A CN201010106420 A CN 201010106420A CN 101731095 A CN101731095 A CN 101731095A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- castor
- oil plant
- film
- oil
- tree
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a safe overwintering method of castor-oil plants and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the measures of fertilizing for strengthening plants, watering for resisting cold, winding straws and films for preserving heat, earthing up for antifreezing, relieving films and removing sprouting and has the effects of strengthening the plants, resisting cold, preserving heat, antifreezing, sprouting, strengthening seedlings, and the like. The method can improve the output, reduce the production cost, increase the income of planting the castor-oil plants and is suitable for the application in areas with minimum temperature within 0-10 DEG C in winter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural planting technique field, particularly the method for castor-oil plants safe overwintering.
Background technology
Castor-oil plant is to low temperature, and is particularly very sensitive to the freeze injury reflection.Seedling can freeze to death in the time of-0.8 ℃～1 ℃, and the plant that grows up is between continuous frost (1 ℃～3 ℃), and the leaf major part is subjected to freeze injury and wilting, even the branch that has and stem top are withered.So castor-oil plant is annual crop in the area of (winter temperature is lower than-3 ℃), and be perennial crop in the area of southern area (winter temperature is more than 0 ℃).At present, China's growing of castor oil plant is mostly based on annual, though the cultivating castor-oil plant of southern area can be realized ratooning, next year is no longer sowed, and directly utilizes regrowth production, but owing to there is not ripe castor-oil plant overwintering technology, castor-oil plant is in the process of surviving the winter, the castor-oil plant freeze injury is serious, makes that the regrowth emergence rate in 1 year is low, a little less than the seedling gesture, causes its output not high.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency at the prior art existence, technical problem to be solved by this invention provide a kind of have strong tree, cold-resistant, insulation, antifreeze, sprout effect such as strong sprout, can improve output, reduce production costs, increase the cultivating castor-oil plant income, and suitable winter minimum temperature is 0 ℃～-10 ℃ castor-oil plant tree safe overwintering technology of using with interior area.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is the method for a kind of castor-oil plants safe overwintering of invention, and its workflow is:
(1), the strong tree of fertilising: before low temperature arrives in the winter time 40～60 days, the growth top of castor-oil plant tree is beaten, simultaneously, every mu of phosphorus, potash fertilizer that applies 10～20 kilograms;
(2), water cold-resistant: before low temperature arrives in the winter time, the castor-oil plant tree is watered sufficient moisture content;
(3), twining grass twines the film insulation: behind the last batch of fruit of gathering, before low temperature arrives, twining the castor-oil plant butt with straw earlier, highly is 30cm～50cm; Use wide 8cm～10cm again, the plastic film of long 60cm～80cm, twining outside straw highly is 40cm～60cm;
(4), ridging is antifreeze: twine behind the film for the area of winter temperature at-5 ℃～-10 ℃, also will earth up to the castor-oil plant butt, the ridging degree of depth is at 20cm～30cm;
(5), separate film, remove and sprout: when spring next year, temperature rose to more than 10 ℃, just in time castor-oil plant is set dried the cutting down of veteran more than 20cm～30cm, and wound is shut, separate simultaneously and twine film, so that sprout sprouting with anticorrosion stick; When sprouting grew into 8cm～10cm, every stub was selected 3～4, and growth potential is strong, to give birth to the good bud in orientation and stay, and remaining is all removed.The method of castor-oil plant safe overwintering of the present invention, having adopted the strong tree of fertilising, water cold-resistant, twine grass and twine film insulation, the antifreeze reconciliation film of ridging, remove the measure of sprouting, tree vigo(u)r be can recover as early as possible, insulation and the winter protection freezing tolerance of castor-oil plant tree strengthened, impel sprout strong sprout its coming year effectively, reduce production costs, improve output, increase income.Following table is that castor-oil plants is survived the winter naturally (K) and used every technical-economic index table of comparisons that the technology of the present invention (M) is survived the winter:
Naturally survive the winter (K) and use the technical-economic index table of comparisons that the technology of the present invention (M) is survived the winter
Embodiment
Present embodiment had both comprised the method for castor-oil plant tree safe overwintering, also comprised technology such as seed selection and plantation.
(1), seed selection:
Castor-oil plant is to low temperature, and is particularly very sensitive to the freeze injury reflection, and therefore, selecting cold-resistant improved seeds for use is to guarantee castor-oil plant tree safe overwintering and obtain the regenerate important foundation of highly efficient and productive cultivation of castor-oil plant.Through varietal yield test, determine that castor-oil plant No. 1, black castor adapt to the southern area safe overwintering No. 3 forever, can realize highly efficient and productive ratooning.
(2), castor-oil plant tree safe overwintering:
1., in time pinch and apply fertilizer: before low temperature arrives in the winter time 40-60 days (being typically chosen in 50 days), the growth top of castor-oil plant is beaten, with last batch of fruit maturation before low temperature arrives of guaranteeing castor-oil plant; Simultaneously, every mu of phosphorus potash fertilizer that applies 10～20 kilograms; And treat in time to gather behind the fruit maturation, make castor-oil plant before low temperature arrives, just can recover tree vigo(u)r like this, strengthen resistivity low temperature.
2., water cold-resistant: behind the last batch of fruit of gathering, before winter low temperature arrives, the castor-oil plant tree is watered sufficient moisture content, to strengthen the resistivity of castor-oil plant tree to low temperature;
3., trunk twines straw and film: behind the last batch of fruit of gathering, before low temperature arrives, earlier the castor-oil plant butt being twined with straw, highly is 30cm～50cm; , again use wide 8cm～10cm thereafter, the plastic film of long 60cm～80cm, twining outside straw highly is 40cm～60cm.So just be equivalent to put on a thermal underwears, add a cotton dress to the castor-oil plant tree, thereby, can guarantee that winter temperature is not subjected to freeze injury at the castor-oil plant tree butt 20cm～30cm in-1 ℃～-5 ℃ of areas, realizes safe overwintering;
4., butt ridging: twine behind the film for the area of winter temperature at-5 ℃～-10 ℃, also to earth up to the castor-oil plant butt, the training degree of depth is at 20cm～30cm, help protecting the trunk of castor-oil plant tree butt 10cm～20cm overhead not to be subjected to freeze injury, castor-oil plant tree under ground portion and butt just can safe overwinterings;
5., separate film, remove and to sprout: when spring next year, temperature rose to more than 10 ℃, just in time cut down the veteran more than plant 20cm～30cm is dried, wound is shut, separate simultaneously and twine film, so that the sprouting sprouting with anticorrosion cement.When sprouting grew into 8cm～10cm, each stub was selected 3～4, and growth potential is strong, to give birth to the good bud in orientation and stay, and remaining is all removed.
(3), determine plant spacing
The density of regeneration castor-oil plant is decided according to soil condition and managerial skills, and soil condition is good, the level land that managerial skills are high, every 667m
2400～600 strains; Soil condition is poor, the not high every 667m in mountain region of managerial skills
2500～700 strains.
(4), field management
Field management is an important process in the growing of castor oil plant process, and castor-oil plant is wanted high yield, and management is crucial:
1., intertill and clean tillage and ridging
Castor-oil plant is the crop that needs intertillage, and the time in seedling stage is longer, and seeding row spacing is big, face of land bare area is big, not only easily causes soil water evaporation fast, and drought takes place easily, cause soil compaction, but also easily produce weeds, and these weeds vitality are strong, and fertility is fast, not only strive water, strive fertilizer, win honour for castor-oil plant, the insect pest that also can spread disease need in time be carried out intertill and clean tillage, otherwise will influence growing of castor-oil plant; The principle of castor-oil plant intertillage, and GPRS " seedling stage, duty was uprooted, wet dark hoe of soil, the native dried hoe that subtracts has just hoe of grass, must uproot behind the rain "; Generally will intertill 2～3 times, intertillage is for the first time sprouted in conjunction with removing when germinateing 3～4 true leaves, stays branch to protect bud and carries out, and current intertillage wants dark, and pine soil depth should be about 15cm, in conjunction with ridging; Intertillage for the second time is before castor-oil plant completely goes, and the intertillage degree of depth is about 10cm; The castor-oil plant plant is tall and big, branches and leaves are luxuriant, wind-engaging easily lodges, and note ridging, root mass given birth to firmly, with lodging-prevention be convenient to draining, prevents ponding.The castor-oil plant ridging can be carried out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, at castor-oil plant heading back Feng Hangqian, in conjunction with intertillage for the last time, earths up, and to strengthen lodging tolerance, prevents the lodging of castor-oil plant later stage.
2., fertilizing, watering
Castor-oil plant is a kind of fertile more plant that needs, and should use sufficient fertilizer seedling stage, impels seedling to catch up with seedlings, cultivates strong stalk; General seedling stage is based on quick-acting ammonia fertilizers, every 667m
2, application of phosphoric acid two ammonium 10kg; After gathering, first fruit ear to replenish fertilizer in time, with every 667m
2Apply potassium sulphate 20kg, urea 20kg, impel first, the growing of the 3rd batch of fruit ear; The castor-oil plant water requirement is few, general soil moisture remain on field capacity 60% for well, can urge root shape seedling, cultivate strong stalk; Castor-oil plant suitable drought hardening in seedling stage can impel root system to develop in depth, and enlarges the rich water absorption region.To cultivate strong sprout, increase the lodging tolerance of castor-oil plant; So can not water in seedling stage, or water late, water too early, can reduce ground temperature, influence root system development, unfavorable castor-oil plant growth;
3., science training
Training is a traditional technology to boost crop yield, uses comparatively universally on other crops, but uses less on castor-oil plant; A large number of experiments show that, very remarkable to the castor-oil plant science of carrying out its effect of increasing production of pruning, test in ground, level land, non-irrigated wall ground and slope according to continuous 3 years of Yonghe County, Shanxi Province, the volume increase respectively 40.24%, 38.17% and 35.42% that the ratio of training or not, in short how cold area of frost-free season, amount of increase in production is bigger;
Help adjusting the castor-oil plant assurance reproductive growth of nourishing and growing by science training, under castor-oil plant plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth and the situation of depositing, after the training, can select and remain artificially certain other branch of level or fruit ear, remove unnecessary axillalry bud and bud, adjust nourish and grow and reproductive growth between relation, reduce effective consumption as far as possible, make nutrient fruit conversion to greatest extent, improve the output and the quality of castor bean seed;
The training of south regeneration castor-oil plant can be adopted 3-2-1 method or 4-1-1 method.The 3-2-1 method is when the castor-oil plant seedling stays strong bud for the first time, select and remain 3 give birth to the bud of the good and key shape of growing in orientation, make the one-level branch, remove other rudiments, behind the existing bud of one-level branch, remove first under the bud, second lateral bud, stay the 3rd, the 4 two lateral bud made second branch, removes other lateral buds simultaneously, behind the existing bud of second branch, remove under the bud first, second lateral bud, keep the 3rd lateral bud as three grades of branches, remove the following lateral bud of three grades of branches, behind three grades of existing buds of branch, remove all lateral buds, to protect the growth of bud, such strain regeneration castor-oil plant just can guarantee the effective fruit ear of 15 fringes;
The 4-1-1 pruning method, be meant when the castor-oil plant seedling stays strong bud for the first time, select and remain 4 give birth to orientation bud good and the key shape of growing and make the one-level branch, behind the existing bud of one-level branch, remove the 1st, 2,3 lateral buds under the bud, stay the 4th lateral bud as second branch, the 3rd lateral bud is made three branches under the bud of staying down after second branch is buddingged, three grades of branches are removed all lateral buds under buddingging, and this pruning method can guarantee that strain regeneration castor-oil plant has 12 fringes effectively to spend fringe.
(5), the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Castor-oil plant often is subjected to the harm of damage by disease and insect in growth and development process.For guaranteeing the growth of castor-oil plant plant normal growth, obtain high yield and high quality castor-oil plant seed, need in time to strengthen extermination of disease and insect pest work:
1., disease of castor-oil plant and control thereof:
The disease of harm castor-oil plant is more, and common has: phytophthora leaf spot of castor bean, castor-oil plant fusarium wilt, castor bean leaf rot, castor-oil plant rust etc., to the method for preventing and treating of above disease: the one, select disease-resistant strong kind for use; The 2nd, seed disinfection, prior to seeding, liquor potassic permanganate with 0.2% or topsin solution seed soaking; The 3rd, strengthen management, in cultivation management, to accomplish loosing soil, draining is good, the rich water abundance, timely intertill and clean tillage, green to promote plant strain growth stalwartness, Ye Seze, enhance disease resistance; The 4th, soup control at the initial stage of a disease or premorbid, is killed many liquid carbendazim with ripple, and 500～800 times of liquid of topsin wetting powder spray; The 5th, carry out crop rotation, carry out in the grave illness district with non-and post the crop rotation of worm plant, crop rotation in general 3～4 years once, ground with good conditionsi can with the paddy rice crop rotation;
2., castor-oil plant insect pest and control thereof:
The insect of castor-oil plant of causing harm has a lot, but to bigger meadow Bin is arranged, cottonly the boring three kinds of worm, castor-oil plant noctuids of regeneration castor-oil plant harm; Be mainly larva cause harm leaf, tender shoots and fruit, can be in hairworm initial stage usefulness, 1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos, 6000 times of liquid of mite-killing pesticide spray, and killing rate can reach 80～90%.
(6), timely collecting: the sign of castor-oil plant maturation is the castor-oil plant that comes to the ripening period, in, lower blade wears out successively, comes off; When capsule is ripe, the shell sclerosis, the capsule major part presents and exhausts look deeply or Huang exhausts look on the fruit ear, and the capsule depression can be gathered in the crops when part has crackle to occur; Results are too early, and kernel maturing is poor, and thousand kernel weight is low, shell card ratio height, and output and oil content are low, and the acid value height of immature castor-oil plant seed grease; Gathered in the crops evening, seed moisture content scatters and disappears many, and too dry, not only capsule bursts shattering easily, if meet rainy weather, seed also can take place germinate on fruit ear and mildew and rot phenomenon, and quality reduces; Castor-oil plant results too early or late excessively, acid value content height not only, but also can reduce seed production and oil content is so will in time gather after the maturation.
The present invention is fit to winter minimum temperature and uses with interior area at 0 ℃～-10 ℃, and the effect that it improves output, reduce production costs, increase income is remarkable.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a castor-oil plants safe overwintering is characterized in that workflow is:
(1), the strong tree of fertilising: before low temperature arrives in the winter time 40～60 days, the growth top of castor-oil plant tree is beaten, simultaneously, every mu of phosphorus potash fertilizer that applies 10～20 kilograms;
(2), water cold-resistant: before low temperature arrives in the winter time, the castor-oil plant tree is watered sufficient moisture content;
(3), twining grass twines the film insulation: behind the last batch of fruit of gathering, before low temperature arrives, twining the castor-oil plant butt with straw earlier, highly is 30cm～50cm; Use wide 8cm～10cm again, the plastic film of long 60cm～80cm, twining outside straw highly is 40cm～60cm;
(4), ridging is antifreeze: twine behind the film for the area of winter temperature at-5 ℃～-10 ℃, also will earth up to the castor-oil plant butt, the ridging degree of depth is at 20cm～30cm;
(5), separate film, remove and sprout: when spring next year, temperature rose to more than 10 ℃, just in time castor-oil plant is set dried the cutting down of veteran more than 20cm～30cm, and wound is shut, separate simultaneously and twine film, so that sprout sprouting with anticorrosion stick; When sprouting grew into 8cm～10cm, every stub was selected 3～4, and growth potential is strong, to give birth to the good bud in orientation and stay, and remaining is all removed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010106420A CN101731095A (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2010-01-30 | Safe overwintering method of castor-oil plants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010106420A CN101731095A (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2010-01-30 | Safe overwintering method of castor-oil plants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101731095A true CN101731095A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
Family
ID=42455510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010106420A Pending CN101731095A (en) | 2010-01-30 | 2010-01-30 | Safe overwintering method of castor-oil plants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101731095A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105210785A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-01-06 | 安徽桑梓科岛生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of fruit mulberry safe overwintering |
| CN111418295A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-17 | 永州职业技术学院 | Fertilizer and water retention land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting |
-
2010
- 2010-01-30 CN CN201010106420A patent/CN101731095A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105210785A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-01-06 | 安徽桑梓科岛生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of fruit mulberry safe overwintering |
| CN105210785B (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2018-03-27 | 安徽桑梓科岛生态农业科技有限公司 | The method of one seed pod mulberry safe overwintering |
| CN111418295A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-17 | 永州职业技术学院 | Fertilizer and water retention land preparation method suitable for mountain camellia oleifera planting |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102246645B (en) | High-yield culture technology for southern potatoes planted in autumn | |
| Robinson | Systems of cultivation and management | |
| CN103070001A (en) | Method for safely planting okra at high yield and high quality | |
| CN103270920A (en) | Kiwi seedling cultivation method | |
| CN104604462A (en) | Cultivation method for honeysuckle | |
| CN102870641A (en) | Breeding method for honey plum | |
| CN104521531A (en) | Method for culturing paris polyphylla through kiwi fruit woodland | |
| CN103733932A (en) | Papaya seedling culturing and planting method | |
| CN107197677A (en) | Rubus chingii interplants the cultural method of sealwort | |
| CN104170645A (en) | Method for cultivating strong high-quality hackberry saplings | |
| CN104798593A (en) | Cultivation method for radix ophiopogonis | |
| CN110235708A (en) | A kind of wild Marsh Felwort introduction and acclimatization and cultivation mating system | |
| CN104584819A (en) | Method for cultivating gold-edge roses on large scale | |
| Mohapatra et al. | Effect of mechanical planting and weeding on yield, water-use efficiency and cost of production under modified system of rice intensification | |
| CN102550272A (en) | Method for planting Saposhnikovia divaricata | |
| To‘raqulov et al. | IMPORTANT AGROTECHNICAL MEASURES CARRIED OUT IN ORCHARDS AFTER THE VEGETATION PERIOD | |
| CN104584832B (en) | Method for transplanting taxus chinensis seedlings and interplanting corns | |
| CN109328936A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of Aplotaxis auriculata | |
| CN105532356A (en) | Method for cultivating red raspberries in desertification regions | |
| CN102742431B (en) | Method for planting sorbus tianschanica in plain area | |
| CN105409676B (en) | The high-yield planting method of Desert Regions Chinese prickly ash | |
| CN105660080A (en) | Large-scale mint cultivation method | |
| CN102893790A (en) | Method for interplanting corns in bighead atractylodes rhizomes in semi-humid and semiarid northern area | |
| KR100519725B1 (en) | a method of cultivation for ginger or garlic using paper covering | |
| CN105580585A (en) | Under-chestnut-canopy domesticated wild Northeast pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivation technology |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20100616 |