CN103461068B - The topology layout of large-scale landscape tree method and transplanting plant pit is transplanted in saline land - Google Patents
The topology layout of large-scale landscape tree method and transplanting plant pit is transplanted in saline land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to and a kind of transplant large-scale landscape tree method in saline land, it is characterized in that: large-scale landscape tree trasplanting method mainly comprises the following steps in saline land: 1), nursery stock prepares; 2), plant pit prepares: a, excavation plant pit; B, laying permeable layer; C, laying Nutrition Soil; 3), plant trees: a, excircle coiling nutrient canal at native ball, the direction that b, adjustment nursery stock plant pit are planted; C, observation well casing is set in the side of native ball; D, backfill conditioned soil; 4) the ponding situation of, maintenance: a, observation trees ' root; B, carry nutrient solution by nutrient canal.Transplant a topology layout for the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land, lay permeable layer in the bottom of plant pit, the upper surface of described permeable layer lays Nutrition Soil, lays and observes well casing.Compared to the prior art do not arrange separation layer, lay soakaway trench or french drain salt discharge prerequisite under, solve survival rate in big tree transplanting not high, the problems such as poor growth, significantly improve the survival rate of coastal saline-alkali ground big tree transplanting, in addition, implement simple and convenient, the advantage such as to reduce costs.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Big Trees Transplant field, particularly relate in saline land large-scale landscape tree trasplanting method and the topology layout of transplanting plant pit.
Background technology
At present, the development of making rapid progress along with modern city improves constantly view environmental requirement, landscape engineering of today, often to embody greening, landscaping effect in the short period of time, and large-tree-shaped height is large, attitude is graceful, transplants large tree and can accelerate urban afforestation process, represent plant landscaping effect rapidly.Therefore, big tree transplanting is also just applied in afforestation more and more.
All diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground are the trees of more than 10-20cm, all can be referred to as in landscape engineering " setting greatly ", although big tree transplanting becomes scape fast, but more conventional garden seedling tree survives difficulty, reason mainly contains the following aspects: 1) large tree is older, and phasic development is old, and the regeneration capacity of cell is more weak, the root regeneration excavated and damage in process of planting is slow, and new root generating ability is poor.2) due to children, the reason of strengthening the eccentric growth of tree in age, the extension of root scope very large (generally exceeding tree crown floor projection scope) of trees, and it is very dark to penetrate soil layer, effective Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry is made to be near deep layer and crown mapping, cause soil Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry that ball is with when excavating large tree little, and the many suberifications of root are serious, casparian strip prevents the absorption of moisture, and the absorption function of root system obviously declines.3) large-tree-shaped height is large, and the rising area of branches and leaves is large, for making it play afforestation effect as early as possible and keep its original graceful attitude, how not to carry out overweight lopping again; In addition root system is apart from tree crown distance, brings certain difficulty to the conveying of moisture, is therefore difficult to the water balance setting up ground, underground as early as possible after big tree transplanting.4) trees are large, native ball weight, digging, carry, easily cause impaired, the native ball fractured of bark in process of planting, branch fractures, thus jeopardize large tree and survive.
Number of patent application a kind of big tree transplanting survival method that has been the disclosure of the invention of 200510042057.9; comprise dig out large tree, root process, dig pit in advance, planting big trees; wherein dig out large tree, to dig pit and planting big trees operates all routinely in advance; it is characterized in that it be after digging out large tree to before root regeneration absorbent function after planting during this period of time in; first punch at trunk xylem; then water pressurization is directly injected in tree body, to keep fluid loss and output balance.To the research of big tree transplanting, forefathers have done a lot of work, as yellow Zhi Quan is studied big tree transplanting decreasing temperature and increasing humidity microspray irrigation technology, Dan Xiaoling is studied the effect of plant-mineral-element in big tree transplanting, Li Duojun inquires into non-favorable season Big Trees Transplant, etc.All research mainly concentrates on the transplanting work on suitable soil, and relates to seldom for the report of coastal saline-alkali ground Big Trees Transplant.North beach saline land subterranean water level is high, and soil salt and alkali content is large, and quality is sticky heavy, and spring and autumn, arid was windy, and winter is cold, and soil freezes thickness, and transplant trees is difficult to survive, and big tree transplanting survival rate is less than 50% in recent years, and the large tree growth survived is not in great numbers yet.
Number of patent application is a kind of big seedling transplanting method for inshore saline-alkali land of disclosure of the invention of 201010543860.1; Select soil salt content area more than 0.3%, lay filter layer; Blind pipe is installed; Cow dung or the stalk of 1/4-1/3 is mixed, backfill with original soil; Flood is irrigated salt discharge and is fallen alkali, the water yield 120 sides/mu; Propose the pruning of being completely cured carrying out " first break taproot, capillary root retains " the previous year; Play platform and transport; The depth of planting is higher than the dry earth's surface line position 10-15cm that plants of elite tree; Daily management, above the thick root of large tree surrounding, trunk base portion or thick root punching, not wear opposite side xylem for degree, is trees infusion; The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the trees of below 10cm, punches at the suitable position of trunk and hangs one bottle; 15-20cm hangs 2-3 transfusion bottles; The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 30-40cm 4-5 capable of hoisting bottle, larger tree can appropriateness increase; Nutrient solution is the glucose of 0.01%, survives stopping infusion after leave of taking root until trees; Trunk surrounding woven straw is wrapped up, and with plastic film parcel after water spray, plastic film is suitably pricked several apertures and ventilated, and to regulate the humidity of trunk, maintains more than 1 year; Water foot after planting and irrigate first pass water, and test degree of irrigating with iron rod spy; In season in spring and autumn, the tree root surrounding after watering covers film, and every day in summer sprays trunk with fog, and every first quarter moon executes a urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate quick-acting fertilizer, or sooner or later sprays blade face with the foliage fertilizer of 0.5-1%, and every 10 days once; After large tree is planted, support anti-strong wind lodging dead lever, fix in trunk 2-3 meters of with three mao bamboons or husky punt-pole triangle, the cushion such as gunnysack or rubber tire tire will be padded in backing material and trees contact position, in order to avoid injure bark, note draining summer, winter is noted cold-proof.Can effective lowering of watertable, and provide advantage for salt reduction changes alkali, for plant growth provides control environment, significantly can promote large nursery stock root growth, plant percent is increased, but still have certain limitation, such as, after every engineering having been completed for some, when carrying out transplanting or old view being changed, technique scheme is adopted just to need lay filter layer and blind pipe, french drain etc. are installed, such cost just costly, implements the more high defect of destructiveness.
Above-mentioned open
Summary of the invention
The present invention for solve in known technology the technical problem that exists and provide a kind of do not arrange separation layer, lay soakaway trench or french drain salt discharge prerequisite under, solve survival rate in big tree transplanting not high, the problems such as poor growth, propose the topology layout of transplanting large-scale landscape tree method and transplanting plant pit in saline land, the survival rate of coastal saline-alkali ground big tree transplanting can be significantly improved.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes for the technical problem existed in solution known technology is:
A kind of at saline land transplanting large-scale landscape tree method, it is characterized in that: in saline land, large-scale landscape tree trasplanting method mainly comprises the following steps:
1), nursery stock prepares, and selects nursery stock, and retain native ball according to landscape need;
2), plant pit prepares:
A, size according to native ball, and excavate plant pit by shoveling equipment;
B, lay the clean stone nitre of 50 ~ 60cm in the bottom of plant pit, form permeable layer;
C, lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm ~ 40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer;
3), plant trees:
A, nursery stock soil ball excircle coiling have conveying nutrition nutrient canal, nutrient canal is provided with nutrient solution bleeding holes;
B, nursery stock to be placed in above-mentioned plant pit, and to adjust its direction of planting;
C, be provided with observation well casing in the side of native ball, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with water seepage hole, can extract ponding out, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration portion, and described infiltration portion inserts middle part upper position in permeable layer;
D, righting nursery stock and observation well casing, backfill conditioned soil in plant pit;
4), maintenance:
A, in rainfall more sufficient season, regularly observe the ponding situation of trees ' root by observing well casing;
B, carry nutrient solution in two seasons of growth of trees by nutrient canal;
C, situation according to the growing way of trees and the disappearance of trace element, supplement at any time.
For implementing a topology layout of transplanting the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land for said method, it is characterized in that: the shape of described plant pit is a cube plant pit; Permeable layer is laid in the bottom of plant pit, the upper surface of described permeable layer lays Nutrition Soil, the top of described Nutrition Soil is nursery stock soil ball, the surrounding backfill conditioned soil of nursery stock soil ball, be provided with observation well casing in the side of native ball, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with water seepage hole, the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration portion, described infiltration portion inserts middle part upper position in permeable layer, and the permeable layer laid in the bottom of plant pit is clean stone nitre, and the thickness of described clean stone nitre is 50 ~ 60cm; Lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm ~ 40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer, described Nutrition Soil is planting soil, mountain skin sand and turfy soil; The proportioning of planting soil, mountain skin sand and turfy soil is 7:2:1.
The advantage that the present invention has with good effect is: the present invention compares with existing technology, is specially adapted to the varieties in saline-alkali areas that road surface stone material has been laid, and reduces the cost of greening on the one hand, also solves the low problem of large nursery stock transplanting success in addition.Transformed by growing area, nursery stock prepares, reasonable plant pit layout, add suitable maintenance measure, can effective lowering of watertable, and the height of water level can be observed at any time, keep the skin wet in good time, advantage is provided for salt reduction changes alkali, for plant growth provides control environment, significantly can promote large nursery stock root growth, strengthen growing way, make plant percent reach more than 98%, the problem that effective solution varieties in saline-alkali areas large nursery stock transplanting success is not high, for beach saline land fast greening provides effective way.In addition, the present invention is not only applicable to large tree, ancient tree is transplanted, also be applicable to grow in the poor ancient tree maintenance of geographical conditions, by observe well casing observe moisture number, thus improve because maintenance technology falls behind and easily cause tree vigo(u)r to fail, root system is aging, and reduce moisture and nutrient absorption ability, the prolongation trees life-span also has significant effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
In figure: 1, plant pit; 2, permeable layer; 3, Nutrition Soil; 4, native ball; 5, conditioned soil; 6, well casing is observed; 6-1, infiltration portion; 7, nutrient canal.
Embodiment
For summary of the invention of the present invention, Characteristic can be understood further, hereby exemplify following examples, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail as follows:
Refer to Fig. 1, a kind of large-scale landscape tree method of transplanting in saline land mainly comprises the following steps:
1), nursery stock prepares, and selects nursery stock, and retain native ball according to landscape need; First the selection of trees meets the requirement of design to tree breast-height diameter, hat width, height, its two: growth selection gesture is strong, without the indigenous tree species of damage by disease and insect.
2), plant pit prepares:
A, size according to native ball, and excavate plant pit by shoveling instrument or equipment;
B, lay the clean stone nitre of 50 ~ 60cm in the bottom of plant pit, form permeable layer;
C, lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm ~ 40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer;
3), plant trees:
A, nursery stock soil ball excircle coiling have conveying nutrition nutrient canal 7, nutrient canal is provided with nutrient solution bleeding holes;
B, nursery stock to be placed in above-mentioned plant pit, and to adjust its direction of planting;
C, be provided with observation well casing in the side of native ball, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration portion, and described infiltration portion inserts middle part upper position in permeable layer; This observation well casing has several functions, one as peep hole, its two when trees ' root ponding the moisture of root can prolong peep hole rise, can ponding be extracted out; In addition can also as air-vent.
D, righting nursery stock and observation well casing, backfill conditioned soil in plant pit;
4), maintenance: a, the ponding situation of trees ' root is regularly observed by observing well casing, especially in rainfall more sufficient season; Observing well and be mainly used in precipitation sufficient rainy season, when precipitation is large, checking trees ' root ponding situation, if ponding can extract ponding out with suction pump by observing well.
B, carry nutrient solution in two seasons of growth of trees by nutrient canal; The Additional nutrient solution time generally carries out at two Growing season of trees.April after the beginning of spring, and September in autumn.
C, situation according to the growing way of trees and the disappearance of trace element, supplement at any time.
For implementing a topology layout of transplanting the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land for said method, the shape of described plant pit is a cube plant pit 1; Permeable layer 2 is laid in the bottom of plant pit, the upper surface of described permeable layer lays Nutrition Soil 3, the top of described Nutrition Soil is nursery stock soil ball 4, the surrounding backfill conditioned soil 5 of nursery stock soil ball, be provided with in the side of native ball and observe well casing 6, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with bottom and is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration portion 6-1, described porous members can be screen of screen window, and described infiltration portion inserts middle part upper position in permeable layer 2.
In said structure, the permeable layer laid in the bottom of plant pit elects clean stone nitre as, and the thickness of described clean stone nitre is 50 ~ 60cm's.When trees ' root ponding, first penetrate into stone nitre position, be convenient to draw water.
Lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm ~ 40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer, described Nutrition Soil is planting soil, mountain skin sand and turfy soil; The proportioning of described three kinds of materials is 7:2:1.
Citing: at gymnasium, Tianjin Haihe River education park afforestation project, the ecosystem method paulownia of 127 18 ~ 20cm is planted in designing requirement in the stone material square of having laid, the soil in this location belongs to saline-alkali soil, because the duration was shorter at that time, salt discharge is carried out according to existing mature technology way, need the face, destruction part stone material square that will lay, through finally studying and defining above-mentioned trasplanting method, and transform plant pit, generally require the requirement of trees according to Greening Design and determine the size of plant pit, for the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 18 ~ 20cm of the present embodiment plantation, the method paulownia of height of tree 14m, plant pit size is set as 2m*2m*2m, be provided with in plant pit and observe well casing and nutrient delivery method and transplant, survival rate is 100%, all survives, and current number growing way is vigorous.
The present invention compares with existing technology, is specially adapted to the varieties in saline-alkali areas that road surface stone material has been laid, and reduces the cost of greening on the one hand, also solves the low problem of large nursery stock transplanting success in addition.Transformed by growing area, nursery stock prepares, reasonable plant pit layout, add suitable maintenance measure, can effective lowering of watertable, and the height of water level can be observed at any time, keep the skin wet in good time, advantage is provided for salt reduction changes alkali, for plant growth provides control environment, significantly can promote large nursery stock root growth, strengthen growing way, make plant percent reach more than 98%, the problem that effective solution varieties in saline-alkali areas large nursery stock transplanting success is not high, for beach saline land fast greening provides effective way.In addition, the present invention is not only applicable to large tree, ancient tree is transplanted, also be applicable to grow in the poor ancient tree maintenance of geographical conditions, by observe well casing observe moisture number, thus improve because maintenance technology falls behind and easily cause tree vigo(u)r to fail, root system is aging, and reduce moisture and nutrient absorption ability, the prolongation trees life-span also has significant effect.
The above is only to preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, every according to technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. transplant a large-scale landscape tree method in saline land, it is characterized in that: large-scale landscape tree trasplanting method mainly comprises the following steps in saline land:
1), nursery stock prepares, and selects nursery stock, and retain native ball according to landscape need;
2), plant pit prepares:
A, size according to native ball, and excavate plant pit by shoveling equipment;
B, lay the clean stone nitre of 50 ~ 60cm in the bottom of plant pit, form permeable layer;
C, lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm ~ 40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer;
3), plant trees:
A, nursery stock soil ball excircle coiling have conveying nutrition nutrient canal, nutrient canal is provided with nutrient solution bleeding holes;
B, nursery stock to be placed in above-mentioned plant pit, and to adjust its direction of planting;
C, be provided with observation well casing in the side of native ball, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration portion, and described infiltration portion inserts middle part upper position in permeable layer;
D, righting nursery stock and observation well casing, backfill conditioned soil in plant pit;
4), maintenance:
A, in rainfall more sufficient season, regularly observe the ponding situation of trees ' root by observing well casing;
B, carry nutrient solution in two seasons of growth of trees by nutrient canal;
C, situation according to the growing way of trees and the disappearance of trace element, supplement at any time.
2., for a topology layout of transplanting the plant pit of large-scale landscape tree in saline land of transplanting large-scale landscape tree method in saline land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the shape of described plant pit is a cube plant pit; Permeable layer is laid in the bottom of plant pit, the upper surface of described permeable layer lays Nutrition Soil, the top of described Nutrition Soil is nursery stock soil ball, the surrounding backfill conditioned soil of nursery stock soil ball, observation well casing is provided with in the side of native ball, the bottom of described observation well casing is provided with water seepage hole, and the excircle of described water seepage hole is enclosed with filter element and forms infiltration portion, and described infiltration portion inserts middle part upper position in permeable layer; The permeable layer laid in the bottom of plant pit is clean stone nitre, and the thickness of described clean stone nitre is 50 ~ 60cm; Lay the Nutrition Soil of 30cm ~ 40cm at the upper surface of permeable layer, described Nutrition Soil is planting soil, mountain skin sand and turfy soil; The proportioning of planting soil, mountain skin sand and turfy soil is 7:2:1.
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