CN108718848A - The transplantation method of garden seedling tree - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of transplantation method of garden seedling tree, it is related to Nursery stock transplanting technical field, the present invention mainly elaborates meaning of the big tree transplanting in afforestation, and prepare before transplanting, transplant, plant after manage and protect and big tree transplanting existing for contradiction etc. introduce Big Trees Transplant, provide Technical Reference to which afforestation can be advantageously applied to for big tree.The method of the present invention is simple, effectively increases the transplanting success set greatly, solves contradiction existing for big tree transplanting.

Description

The transplantation method of garden seedling tree

Technical field

The present invention relates to Nursery stock transplanting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of transplantation method of garden seedling tree.

Background technology

With the continuous improvement of urban construction fast development and afforestation level, Big Trees Transplant becomes increasingly popular Applied to improve urban ecological environment and green landscape, improve urban afforestation quality etc., but since the age of tree greatly is long, main root Difference of flourishing, the former growing location with transplanting ground land occupation condition, root system injury, tree body dehydration, maintenance management water during excavation The reasons such as not in place are equalled, big tree transplanting survival rate is caused to be restricted.

Contradiction existing for big tree transplanting, so-called big tree generally refer to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground in the arbor species of 15cm or more, big tree shifting Plant the contradiction for being primarily present 3 aspects.

(1) contradiction of the distribution of absorption root and soil ball.According to trees life cycle changing rule, tree root system be in from Heart growth tends to or has reached the maximum root range, and most absorption root is mainly distributed near crown mapping, in backbone root The absorption root of base portion centrifuges death more, and due to construction and the limitation of mechanical forces, and soil ball can not possibly be too big when big tree transplanting, because In the range of can be with soil ball, absorption root be minimum for this.

(2) damage and the regenerated contradiction of root system, tree crown.Due to the limitation of soil ball, when big tree transplanting, the damage of root system is Inevitable, and excessive tree crown is also great difficulty for the transplanting of trees, but it is older due to setting greatly, phasic development is old, The power of regeneration of its cell is weaker, therefore root system, tree crown restore slow, and the generating ability of new root and branch is weaker.

(3) the balance contradiction of aerial part and under ground portion.Especially water balance contradiction, this point are also most important 's.Moisture is the key factor survived after big tree transplanting, this is mainly manifested in 2 aspects, i.e., the water suction of underground root system on the ground The transpiration of tree crown.Due to the limitation of soil ball, after big tree transplanting, absorption root is few and new root occurs slow, is played as early as possible to make to set greatly Afforestation effect and original graceful posture is kept, aerial part should not be trimmed overweight, therefore tree crown is rising strong, in drought in summer high temperature When, contradiction is especially prominent.Therefore grasping Big Trees Transplant just seems extremely important.

Invention content

Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in improve a kind of easy to operate, transplanting of the high garden seedling tree of survival rate Method.

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized using following technical scheme：

A kind of transplantation method of garden seedling tree, it is characterised in that：Including following methods step,

Prepare before one, transplanting

1. data prepares：Determine need transplant seeds, the age of tree, resident time, over the years maintenance management situation, at present Growing state, hair branch ability, pest and disease damage situation, root growth situation, arboreal growth and planting site ambient conditions, grasp trees with Building, overhead line, symbiosis trees spacing whether have the soil property of construction, lifting, traffic condition and planting site, underground water Position, underground utilities ambient conditions；

2. formulates transplantation Project：According to the data for investigating grasp before transplanting, transplantation Project is formulated, main contents are:Kind Season, contracting of being completely cured is planted to stick together, pruning method and pruning rate, dig cave, play tree, transport, planting technology and requirement, support and fixation, material Material, equipment, maintenance management；

3. is completely cured, contracting sticks together：There is closely management technique after big tree transplanting success or not, with a pick, handling, plant and cultivation Relationship, but depend mainly on the number (absorption root refers to radicula) with absorption root within the scope of soil ball, in nearly 5 years without shifting Plant or cut the big tree of root, it is necessary to which 1 year spring or autumn before transplantation draw one with 3 times of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground centered on trunk for radius A circle, the groove of wide 40cm, deep 50~70cm are excavated in round periphery, and the radicula in ditch is all cut off, when excavation, in case of compared with Thick root cuts off using sharp shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw, is allowed to flush with the inner wall in ditch, and retains 2 thick roots and do not cut off, By thick root portion girding in ditch, wide 1cm (its absorbent function can be maintained and tree body can be fixed, in order to avoid blown down by strong wind), ditch After digging well, fertile loam compacting is inserted, periodically waters, a large amount of fibrous root can be germinated in the root of ditch internal cutting off, band girdle, to reach To soil ball is reduced, soil ball quantity is reduced, fibrous root is inspired, improves the purpose of survival rate；

4. is trimmed：It must be trimmed before big tree transplanting, to reduce the evaporation of original moisture in tree body, trimming will basis Tree characteristics are cut, and rudiment power strong seeds such as poplar, willow, Chinese scholartree, Chinese toon, plane tree, paulownia etc. can retain trunk and carry out heavy pruning, Bough is clipped the 2/3 of length, tree vigo(u)r can be restored after cutting quickly, the weak seeds of rudiment power answer light pruning, such as conifer, ginkgo Deng, after the major branch cutting back of ginkgo, the resting bud lateral growth sprouted, or the young sprout sprouted do not follow former crotch angle growth, Tree-like disorder cannot just be grown up forever once Chinese pine terminal bud is hindered, so such seeds will ensure not destroy terminal bud Under the premise of, it is suitably pruned off, cutting back cannot be carried out, the overstocked bough of interior thorax and thin and weak branch, sick branch should be removed, be conducive into It lives and keeps tree-like, evergreen broad-leaved takes the method for shrinking tree crown, clips the branch of periphery, it is unnecessary suitably to remove inner canopy Weak branch, stay strong germinating branch, pruning rate is up to 1/5~3/5, and it is more that the big tree of bare root transplanting hinders root weight, dehydration, Ying Chong more Cut, band stick together transplanting to hinder root lighter, answer light pruning to cut, no matter take heavy pruning to cut or the method for light pruning section, notch should all be kept Smoothly, it to paint to the incision for clipping bough, it is also possible to which polybag saw kerf at the top of branch wraps up 3~5cm, to reduce moisture steaming Hair improves survival rate；

5. digs pit：Planting pit to be dug before transplanting, the size in hole should adhere to big root hollow place depending on roots oxidizing, one As depth than naked or the deep 10~15cm of the root that sticks together, the size up and down of the big 30cm of transverse diameter, tree well are consistent, if any stone or building Rubbish etc. will pick, if field planting soil it is poor, for ensure set greatly survive and have better growing conditions, need to carry out soil removal and replacement and Appropriate fertilising；

Two, are transplanted

1. transplant times：" kind tree without when, tree is not made to know ", trees feel paralysis when, be exactly tree grafting growth it is best when The Best Times of machine, big tree transplanting are before the germination of spring branch, i.e., before and after Clear and Bright, because at this moment sap flows slow and trees It being in hibernation, physiological activity is in slowly even dead state, though at this point, trees aerial part growth is slow, plant Root system is still in active state, and transplanting is conducive to tree root recovery at this time, autumn also portable, but transplantation effect is not If spring is good because autumn transplanting after trees quickly enter rest period, and will pass through a winter, be subject to unfavourable weather, Environment and man's activity have aggravated maintenance task；

2. plays plane：Bare root transplanting will excavate plane ditch when playing plane in the periphery of former annular groove, prevent from rising in primitive groove Plane is risen after a plane ditch is deep-cut that big root is sawed-off and will set greatly by down to 30 °, by the short wooden stake root of bottom in order to avoid newborn radicula of damaging Break apart by chopping, how much soil zone stays how many between root, is not added with artificial removal, band stick together transplanting play plane method and naked to play plane the same, in order to prevent Only in shipment dissipate stick together, rise plane before watering, to be carried out after digging it is whole stick together and twined with the straw rope of dipped water stick together, to tightly wrap It twines sternly, twines to lose soil as degree；

3. is transported：Means of transportation is selected according to diameter after excavation, if cannot manually ship, machinery should be used Shipment, the big tree of transplantation with soil will protect soil ball in transportational process, do not make to be crushed and scatter, at the same to prevent bark and branch by Damage；

4. is oriented：Big tree transplanting, plant direction is critically important, is sure not to turn to when entering hole plant, and otherwise big tree is easily withered, main Want environment around being already adapted to the reason is that trees grow up to great Shu by seedling under field conditions (factors), its survival, growth direction It is unchanged for many years, light, heat, water suffered by all directions, difference, the different parts of trees are also formed the conditions such as magnetic Different characters and habit, trees the south are shined upon more, and temperature is higher than north, and leaf is luxuriant, and bark is more smooth, annual ring Wider, north is blown by cold wind in winter, and branch is less, bark also it is rougher splits, when transplanting, if male and female face inverts, originally The back once southern exposure, the cortex of the trunk stream that can crack or occur because becoming strong sunlight suddenly hinders that (i.e. sap is from crack Middle outflow), accordingly even when at that time can transplanting survival, as be not suitable with new environmental condition and be unable to normal growth, or It because that bleeding is serious is dead, therefore, in transplant big tree, has to mark, keeps original direction, survived and just with protecting It is frequently grown；

5. is transplanted：Bare root transplanting, big tree is moved and is put in planting pit, finds accurately towards righting and plants directly, earth filling tamping is done Good larger tree disk, pours 1 flood immediately, and band sticks together transplanting, and table is then first added toward pouring water to the 3/4 of hole depth in hole before planting Layer soil stirs into starchiness with spade, then the band big tree that sticks together is hung in tree well with crane, and direction is found accurately by telltale mark, and by tree body It helps directly, receives lifting rope after being supported with rod again, to be parked more than ten minutes after setting hole greatly, allowing mud to be immersed in shipment may In the cracks Tu Tuo of spallation, after allowing pulp-water to immerse Tu Tuo, straw rope is cut with scissors, it is made to be scattered in the mud between Tu Tuo and crater wall In slurry, grave mound is carried out；

Main maintenance management after three, big tree transplantings

1. water managements：Moisture is to limit the key factor that survives of trees, after big tree transplanting, due to root system and tree crown Injury, it is more sensitive to moisture, therefore the main measure that the water management set greatly is maintenance management is newly transplanted, this includes following Several aspects：First, the moisturizing work of aerial part is carried out, conventionally used method has tree crown water spray (including trickle irrigation), hides Shade is responsible for a task until it is completed and using evaporation suppressor etc., sprays water and preferably use sprayer or spray gun, is directly sprayed to tree crown or tree crown top, Water is allowed to be dropped on branches and leaves, water spray can be carried out when the morning 10 is up to afternoon 16, be sprayed 1 time every 1~2h, also some places way It is to set up A-frame in tree crown the south, one rainer for being higher than tree crown 1m of installation is tuned into spray water as possible, because the summer, Autumn blows south wind mostly, and being mounted on the south can often spray water to tree crown, so that trunk leaf is kept moistening, also increase around tree Humidity, and temperature is reduced, reduce the consumption of limited moisture, nutrient in trees body, the method for trickle irrigation, which is similar to, hangs brine, i.e., A tripod is taken by tree, hangs a water butt above, beats several holes in bucket lower part, plastic tube is fixed on hole, pipe The other end is shut, and then pipe helical form is wound on trunk and branch, is punched on pipe on demand to dripping, and can equally be played wet The effect moistened trunk branch, reduce water and nutrient consumption, summer high temperature season can also use and set up sunshade net above tree crown, To prevent excessive exposure, degree of shading is typically about 70% or so, to allow tree body to receive certain scattering light, ensures the photosynthetic work of tree body Progress gradually removes shading screen with backsight arboreal growth situation and seasonal variations, the method being responsible for a task until it is completed be with straw rope, sack, The materials such as moss tightly wrap up trunk and more sturdy branch, this method both can avoid strong sunlight direct projection and hot wind is blown, and reduces The moisture evaporation of trunk, branch, and a certain amount of moisture can be stored, make limb often keep moistening, in addition can also adjust limb Temperature reduces the injury to limb of high temperature and low temperature, secondly, reinforces soil moisture management, this include mainly dry season pouring water and Two aspect of draining in rainy season, rainy season will be paid special attention to prevent soil ponding, should suitably earth up, and keep the native face of tree disk suitably high In ground around, in arid season it is noted that pouring water, it is therefore desirable to ensure that soil moisture content reaches the 60% of maximum water-holding capacity；

2. inspires new root and the extra sprout tillers of removal：After big tree transplanting, due to the limitation of soil ball, lead to institute's band after transplanting Fibrous root is seldom in soil ball, and the absorption of trees moisture and nutrient relies primarily on the fibrous root in its lateral root, and therefore, we must take Measure inspires new root, this mainly can promote root growth and the plant growth regulator of sprouting to realize by some, such as take root Root-inducing powder or other growth hormone can be manured into soil by powder etc. in conjunction with pouring water, to promote the growth of tree root, in addition, In transplanting tree, it through the trimming that intensity is larger, may sprout many tender shoots and spray on trunk or branch, consume nutrition, Upset it is tree-like, after trees rudiment, except select and remain growing way preferably, in addition to the tender shoots of position suitable or sprout, remaining should be smeared as early as possible It removes；

3. rightings are earthed up：Due to rainwater infiltration and other various reasons, tree body is caused to be shaken, should tread and loosen the soil, sets consolidation Body sinks or part is sunk, and answers timely earthing to fill and lead up, prevents rotten of ponding after rain, should take measures to help for inclined trees Just, stub of existing side by side fixes support；

4. supplement trimmings：Although new wood of planting trees has been subjected to trimming, by excavating, handling and the operations such as transport, usually by Part bud is seted to lead to spike top, should remove or cut to more than tender shoots, sprout in time from normally sprouting to damage or other reasons, For the trees that truncation (hat) or heavy pruning are transplanted, bud position is not allowed or clip bud is too weak because staying, and is caused withered stake or is sent out branch weak, then answers Supplement trimming (or complex shears) is carried out, the big wound of trimming should smooth, clean, disinfection anti-corrosion；

5. loosens the soil, weeding, fertilising：Because watering, rainfall and mankind's activity etc. cause to set disk soil hardening, trees life is influenced It is long, it should loosen the soil in time, promote the gas exchanges of soil and air, be conducive to the growth and development of trees new root, but at current Between, loosening the soil cannot be too deep, in order to avoid injuring new root, trees base portion nearby can grow many weeds, liana etc. sometimes, should be timely Remove, otherwise can water consumption, consumption fertilizer, tendril, which is burdened with, interferes arboreal growth, and weeding is carried out in combination with loosening the soil, under normal circumstances, big to set It transplants without fertilising in the 1st year, but foliage spray can be carried out at this time, after tree root system is sprouted, then can carry out soil and apply Fertilizer；

6. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：After big tree transplanting, due to various reasons, the resistance of tree body weakens, it is easy to by disease pest Evil, the bark being especially damaged, the processing such as carry out disinfection, wrap up in time, and to avoid the infringement of pest and disease damage, pest and disease damage is prevented During controlling, prevents being more than and control, therefore to reinforce preventing, one it is found that damage symptoms, thoroughly be administered in time.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The method of the present invention is simple, effectively increases the transplanting success set greatly, solves big The existing contradiction of tree transplanting.

Specific implementation mode

In order to make the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention be easy to understand, tie below Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is further explained.

A kind of transplantation method of garden seedling tree,

Prepare before one, transplanting

1. data prepares：Determine need transplant seeds, the age of tree, resident time, over the years maintenance management situation, at present Growing state, hair branch ability, pest and disease damage situation, root growth situation, arboreal growth and planting site ambient conditions, grasp trees with Building, overhead line, symbiosis trees spacing whether have the soil property of construction, lifting, traffic condition and planting site, underground water Position, underground utilities ambient conditions；

2. formulates transplantation Project：According to the data for investigating grasp before transplanting, transplantation Project is formulated, main contents are:Kind Season, contracting of being completely cured is planted to stick together, pruning method and pruning rate, dig cave, play tree, transport, planting technology and requirement, support and fixation, material Material, equipment, maintenance management；

3. is completely cured, contracting sticks together：There is closely management technique after big tree transplanting success or not, with a pick, handling, plant and cultivation Relationship, but depend mainly on the number (absorption root refers to radicula) with absorption root within the scope of soil ball, in nearly 5 years without shifting Plant or cut the big tree of root, it is necessary to which 1 year spring or autumn before transplantation draw one with 3 times of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground centered on trunk for radius A circle, the groove of wide 40cm, deep 50~70cm are excavated in round periphery, and the radicula in ditch is all cut off, when excavation, in case of compared with Thick root cuts off using sharp shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw, is allowed to flush with the inner wall in ditch, and retains 2 thick roots and do not cut off, By thick root portion girding in ditch, wide 1cm (its absorbent function can be maintained and tree body can be fixed, in order to avoid blown down by strong wind), ditch After digging well, fertile loam compacting is inserted, periodically waters, a large amount of fibrous root can be germinated in the root of ditch internal cutting off, band girdle, to reach To soil ball is reduced, soil ball quantity is reduced, fibrous root is inspired, improves the purpose of survival rate；

4. is trimmed：It must be trimmed before big tree transplanting, to reduce the evaporation of original moisture in tree body, trimming will basis Tree characteristics are cut, and rudiment power strong seeds such as poplar, willow, Chinese scholartree, Chinese toon, plane tree, paulownia etc. can retain trunk and carry out heavy pruning, Bough is clipped the 2/3 of length, tree vigo(u)r can be restored after cutting quickly, the weak seeds of rudiment power answer light pruning, such as conifer, ginkgo Deng, after the major branch cutting back of ginkgo, the resting bud lateral growth sprouted, or the young sprout sprouted do not follow former crotch angle growth, Tree-like disorder cannot just be grown up forever once Chinese pine terminal bud is hindered, so such seeds will ensure not destroy terminal bud Under the premise of, it is suitably pruned off, cutting back cannot be carried out, the overstocked bough of interior thorax and thin and weak branch, sick branch should be removed, be conducive into It lives and keeps tree-like, evergreen broad-leaved takes the method for shrinking tree crown, clips the branch of periphery, it is unnecessary suitably to remove inner canopy Weak branch, stay strong germinating branch, pruning rate is up to 1/5~3/5, and it is more that the big tree of bare root transplanting hinders root weight, dehydration, Ying Chong more Cut, band stick together transplanting to hinder root lighter, answer light pruning to cut, no matter take heavy pruning to cut or the method for light pruning section, notch should all be kept Smoothly, it to paint to the incision for clipping bough, it is also possible to which polybag saw kerf at the top of branch wraps up 3~5cm, to reduce moisture steaming Hair improves survival rate；

5. digs pit：Planting pit to be dug before transplanting, the size in hole should adhere to big root hollow place depending on roots oxidizing, one As depth than naked or the deep 10~15cm of the root that sticks together, the size up and down of the big 30cm of transverse diameter, tree well are consistent, if any stone or building Rubbish etc. will pick, if field planting soil it is poor, for ensure set greatly survive and have better growing conditions, need to carry out soil removal and replacement and Appropriate fertilising；

Two, are transplanted

1. transplant times：" kind tree without when, tree is not made to know ", trees feel paralysis when, be exactly tree grafting growth it is best when The Best Times of machine, big tree transplanting are before the germination of spring branch, i.e., before and after Clear and Bright, because at this moment sap flows slow and trees It being in hibernation, physiological activity is in slowly even dead state, though at this point, trees aerial part growth is slow, plant Root system is still in active state, and transplanting is conducive to tree root recovery at this time, autumn also portable, but transplantation effect is not If spring is good because autumn transplanting after trees quickly enter rest period, and will pass through a winter, be subject to unfavourable weather, Environment and man's activity have aggravated maintenance task；

2. plays plane：Bare root transplanting will excavate plane ditch when playing plane in the periphery of former annular groove, prevent from rising in primitive groove Plane is risen after a plane ditch is deep-cut that big root is sawed-off and will set greatly by down to 30 °, by the short wooden stake root of bottom in order to avoid newborn radicula of damaging Break apart by chopping, how much soil zone stays how many between root, is not added with artificial removal, band stick together transplanting play plane method and naked to play plane the same, in order to prevent Only in shipment dissipate stick together, rise plane before watering, to be carried out after digging it is whole stick together and twined with the straw rope of dipped water stick together, to tightly wrap It twines sternly, twines to lose soil as degree；

3. is transported：Means of transportation is selected according to diameter after excavation, if cannot manually ship, machinery should be used Shipment, the big tree of transplantation with soil will protect soil ball in transportational process, do not make to be crushed and scatter, at the same to prevent bark and branch by Damage；

4. is oriented：Big tree transplanting, plant direction is critically important, is sure not to turn to when entering hole plant, and otherwise big tree is easily withered, main Want environment around being already adapted to the reason is that trees grow up to great Shu by seedling under field conditions (factors), its survival, growth direction It is unchanged for many years, light, heat, water suffered by all directions, difference, the different parts of trees are also formed the conditions such as magnetic Different characters and habit, trees the south are shined upon more, and temperature is higher than north, and leaf is luxuriant, and bark is more smooth, annual ring Wider, north is blown by cold wind in winter, and branch is less, bark also it is rougher splits, when transplanting, if male and female face inverts, originally The back once southern exposure, the cortex of the trunk stream that can crack or occur because becoming strong sunlight suddenly hinders that (i.e. sap is from crack Middle outflow), accordingly even when at that time can transplanting survival, as be not suitable with new environmental condition and be unable to normal growth, or It because that bleeding is serious is dead, therefore, in transplant big tree, has to mark, keeps original direction, survived and just with protecting It is frequently grown；

5. is transplanted：Bare root transplanting, big tree is moved and is put in planting pit, finds accurately towards righting and plants directly, earth filling tamping is done Good larger tree disk, pours 1 flood immediately, and band sticks together transplanting, and table is then first added toward pouring water to the 3/4 of hole depth in hole before planting Layer soil stirs into starchiness with spade, then the band big tree that sticks together is hung in tree well with crane, and direction is found accurately by telltale mark, and by tree body It helps directly, receives lifting rope after being supported with rod again, to be parked more than ten minutes after setting hole greatly, allowing mud to be immersed in shipment may In the cracks Tu Tuo of spallation, after allowing pulp-water to immerse Tu Tuo, straw rope is cut with scissors, it is made to be scattered in the mud between Tu Tuo and crater wall In slurry, grave mound is carried out；

Main maintenance management after three, big tree transplantings

1. water managements：Moisture is to limit the key factor that survives of trees, after big tree transplanting, due to root system and tree crown Injury, it is more sensitive to moisture, therefore the main measure that the water management set greatly is maintenance management is newly transplanted, this includes following Several aspects：First, the moisturizing work of aerial part is carried out, conventionally used method has tree crown water spray (including trickle irrigation), hides Shade is responsible for a task until it is completed and using evaporation suppressor etc., sprays water and preferably use sprayer or spray gun, is directly sprayed to tree crown or tree crown top, Water is allowed to be dropped on branches and leaves, water spray can be carried out when the morning 10 is up to afternoon 16, be sprayed 1 time every 1~2h, also some places way It is to set up A-frame in tree crown the south, one rainer for being higher than tree crown 1m of installation is tuned into spray water as possible, because the summer, Autumn blows south wind mostly, and being mounted on the south can often spray water to tree crown, so that trunk leaf is kept moistening, also increase around tree Humidity, and temperature is reduced, reduce the consumption of limited moisture, nutrient in trees body, the method for trickle irrigation, which is similar to, hangs brine, i.e., A tripod is taken by tree, hangs a water butt above, beats several holes in bucket lower part, plastic tube is fixed on hole, pipe The other end is shut, and then pipe helical form is wound on trunk and branch, is punched on pipe on demand to dripping, and can equally be played wet The effect moistened trunk branch, reduce water and nutrient consumption, summer high temperature season can also use and set up sunshade net above tree crown, To prevent excessive exposure, degree of shading is typically about 70% or so, to allow tree body to receive certain scattering light, ensures the photosynthetic work of tree body Progress gradually removes shading screen with backsight arboreal growth situation and seasonal variations, the method being responsible for a task until it is completed be with straw rope, sack, The materials such as moss tightly wrap up trunk and more sturdy branch, this method both can avoid strong sunlight direct projection and hot wind is blown, and reduces The moisture evaporation of trunk, branch, and a certain amount of moisture can be stored, make limb often keep moistening, in addition can also adjust limb Temperature reduces the injury to limb of high temperature and low temperature, secondly, reinforces soil moisture management, this include mainly dry season pouring water and Two aspect of draining in rainy season, rainy season will be paid special attention to prevent soil ponding, should suitably earth up, and keep the native face of tree disk suitably high In ground around, in arid season it is noted that pouring water, it is therefore desirable to ensure that soil moisture content reaches the 60% of maximum water-holding capacity；

2. inspires new root and the extra sprout tillers of removal：After big tree transplanting, due to the limitation of soil ball, lead to institute's band after transplanting Fibrous root is seldom in soil ball, and the absorption of trees moisture and nutrient relies primarily on the fibrous root in its lateral root, and therefore, we must take Measure inspires new root, this mainly can promote root growth and the plant growth regulator of sprouting to realize by some, such as take root Root-inducing powder or other growth hormone can be manured into soil by powder etc. in conjunction with pouring water, to promote the growth of tree root, in addition, In transplanting tree, it through the trimming that intensity is larger, may sprout many tender shoots and spray on trunk or branch, consume nutrition, Upset it is tree-like, after trees rudiment, except select and remain growing way preferably, in addition to the tender shoots of position suitable or sprout, remaining should be smeared as early as possible It removes；

3. rightings are earthed up：Due to rainwater infiltration and other various reasons, tree body is caused to be shaken, should tread and loosen the soil, sets consolidation Body sinks or part is sunk, and answers timely earthing to fill and lead up, prevents rotten of ponding after rain, should take measures to help for inclined trees Just, stub of existing side by side fixes support；

4. supplement trimmings：Although new wood of planting trees has been subjected to trimming, by excavating, handling and the operations such as transport, usually by Part bud is seted to lead to spike top, should remove or cut to more than tender shoots, sprout in time from normally sprouting to damage or other reasons, For the trees that truncation (hat) or heavy pruning are transplanted, bud position is not allowed or clip bud is too weak because staying, and is caused withered stake or is sent out branch weak, then answers Supplement trimming (or complex shears) is carried out, the big wound of trimming should smooth, clean, disinfection anti-corrosion；

5. loosens the soil, weeding, fertilising：Because watering, rainfall and mankind's activity etc. cause to set disk soil hardening, trees life is influenced It is long, it should loosen the soil in time, promote the gas exchanges of soil and air, be conducive to the growth and development of trees new root, but at current Between, loosening the soil cannot be too deep, in order to avoid injuring new root, trees base portion nearby can grow many weeds, liana etc. sometimes, should be timely Remove, otherwise can water consumption, consumption fertilizer, tendril, which is burdened with, interferes arboreal growth, and weeding is carried out in combination with loosening the soil, under normal circumstances, big to set It transplants without fertilising in the 1st year, but foliage spray can be carried out at this time, after tree root system is sprouted, then can carry out soil and apply Fertilizer；

6. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：After big tree transplanting, due to various reasons, the resistance of tree body weakens, it is easy to by disease pest Evil, the bark being especially damaged, the processing such as carry out disinfection, wrap up in time, and to avoid the infringement of pest and disease damage, pest and disease damage is prevented During controlling, prevents being more than and control, therefore to reinforce preventing, one it is found that damage symptoms, thoroughly be administered in time.

The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its Equivalent thereof.

Claims (1)

1. the transplantation method of garden seedling tree, it is characterised in that：Including following methods step,

A. prepare before transplanting

A. data prepares：Determine need transplant seeds, the age of tree, resident time, over the years maintenance management situation, grow feelings at present Condition, hair branch ability, pest and disease damage situation, root growth situation, arboreal growth and planting site ambient conditions, grasp trees and building Object, overhead line, symbiosis trees spacing whether have the soil property of construction, lifting, traffic condition and planting site, level of ground water, Underground pipelines ambient conditions；

B. transplantation Project is formulated：According to the data for investigating grasp before transplanting, transplantation Project is formulated, includes mainly:Planting season breaks Root contracting sticks together, pruning method and pruning rate, digs cave, play tree, transport, planting technology and requirement, support and fixation, material, equipment, support Pillar is managed；

C. contracting of being completely cured sticks together：To in nearly 5 years without the big tree for transplanting or cutting root, it is necessary to 1 year spring or autumn before transplantation, with Centered on trunk, a circle is drawn for radius with 3 times of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, the groove of wide 40cm, deep 50~70cm are excavated in round periphery, it will Radicula in ditch is all cut off, and when excavation, when encountering thick root, is cut off using sharp shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw, be allowed to in ditch Inner wall flush, and retain 2 thick roots and do not cut off, by thick root portion girding in ditch, wide 1cm, after ditch is dug, filling is fertile Fertile loam compacting, periodically waters；

D. it trims：It must be trimmed before big tree transplanting, to reduce the evaporation of original moisture in tree body, trimming will be according to seeds spy Property cut, the poplar strong to rudiment power, willow, Chinese scholartree, Chinese toon, plane tree, paulownia seeds retain trunk carry out heavy pruning, bough is clipped The 2/3 of length, the seeds conifer weak to rudiment power, ginkgo answer light pruning, be under the premise of ensureing not destroy terminal bud, and it is appropriate to carry out It prunes off, cutting back cannot be carried out, the overstocked bough of interior thorax and thin and weak branch, sick branch should be removed, evergreen broad-leaved, which is taken, shrinks tree crown Method clips the branch of periphery, suitably removes the unnecessary weak branch of inner canopy, strong germinating branch, pruning rate is stayed to reach more 1/5~3/5, it is more that the big tree of bare root transplanting hinders root weight, dehydration, and heavy pruning is answered to cut, band stick together transplanting to hinder root lighter, answer light pruning to cut, nothing By take heavy pruning cut or light pruning cut method, notch should all be kept smooth, the incision to clipping bough will paint, or with mould Material bag saw kerf at the top of branch wraps up 3~5cm；

E. it digs pit：Planting pit is dug before transplanting, the size in hole should adhere to that big root hollow place, depth are wanted depending on roots oxidizing Than naked or the deep 10~15cm of the root that sticks together, the size up and down of the big 30cm of transverse diameter, tree well unanimously will have stone or building waste to pick up Go out, when field planting soil is poor, to ensure that sets greatly survives and have better growing conditions, soil removal and replacement and appropriate fertilising need to be carried out；

B. it transplants

A. transplant time：The time of big tree transplanting is before the germination of spring branch, i.e., before and after Clear and Bright；

B. plane is played：Bare root transplanting will excavate plane ditch when playing plane in the periphery of former annular groove, rise after plane ditch is deep-cut and saw big root It is disconnected and will set greatly by down to 30 °, the short wooden stake root of bottom is broken apart by chopping, how much soil zone stays how many between root, is not added with artificial removal, and band sticks together shifting To play plane with naked the same for the plane method that rises planted, and dissipates stick together in shipment in order to prevent, to water before playing plane, will be into after digging Row is whole to stick together and is twined with the straw rope of dipped water and stick together, and to tightly wrap tight, twines to lose soil as degree；

C. it transports：Means of transportation is selected according to diameter after excavation, cannot manually be shipped, machinery shipment, transport should be used The big tree of transplantation with soil will protect soil ball in the process, do not make to be crushed and scatter, while bark and branch to be prevented to be damaged；

D. it orients：Big tree transplanting, plant direction is critically important, is sure not to turn to when entering hole plant, in transplant big tree, to carry out mark Note, keeps original direction, is survived and normal growth with protecting；

E. it transplants：Bare root transplanting, big tree is moved and is put in planting pit, finds accurately towards righting and plants directly, earth filling tamping is carried out big Disk is set, pours 1 flood immediately, band sticks together transplanting, and first topsoil is then added, uses spade toward pouring water to the 3/4 of hole depth in hole before planting It stirs into starchiness, then the band big tree that sticks together is hung in into tree well with crane, direction is found accurately by telltale mark, and tree body is helped directly, with wood Lifting rope is received again after bar support, to be parked more than ten minutes after setting hole greatly, and mud is allowed to be immersed in the soil of possible spallation in shipment It sticks together in crack, after allowing pulp-water to immerse Tu Tuo, cuts straw rope with scissors, it is made to be scattered in the mud between Tu Tuo and crater wall, into Row grave mound；

C. the main maintenance management after big tree transplanting

A. water management：Including the following aspects：First, to carry out aerial part moisturizing work, method have tree crown water spray, Shade, be responsible for a task until it is completed and use evaporation suppressor, water spray to use sprayer or spray gun, directly spray, allow to tree crown or tree crown top Water is dropped on branches and leaves, and water spray is carried out when the morning 10 is up to afternoon 16, is sprayed 1 time every 1~2h；Or it is set up in tree crown the south A-frame, one rainer for being higher than tree crown 1m of installation, is tuned into spray water；The method of trickle irrigation is similar to and hangs brine, that is, exists Tree is other to take a tripod, hangs a water butt above, beats several holes in bucket lower part, plastic tube is fixed on hole, pipe it is another One end is shut, and then pipe helical form is wound on trunk and branch, is punched on pipe on demand to dripping；Summer high temperature season is adopted Sunshade net is set up above tree crown, to prevent excessive exposure, degree of shading 70% ensures tree to allow tree body to receive scattering light The photosynthetic progress of body gradually removes shading screen with backsight arboreal growth situation and seasonal variations, and the method being responsible for a task until it is completed is with grass Rope, sack, moss material tightly wrap up trunk and more sturdy branch；Secondly, reinforce soil moisture management, rainy season is wanted Pay special attention to prevent soil ponding, should suitably earth up, make the projecting ground in native face of tree disk, in arid season it is noted that filling Water ensures that soil moisture content reaches the 60% of maximum water-holding capacity；

B. new root and the extra sprout tillers of removal are inspired：After big tree transplanting, pass through the plant growth tune of some promotion root growths and sprouting Agent root-inducing powder is saved to realize, in conjunction with pouring water, root-inducing powder is manured into soil, to promote the growth of tree root, in addition, in trees It in transplanting, through the big trimming of intensity, sprouts many tender shoots and spray on trunk or branch, consumes nutrition, upset is tree-like, is setting After the wooden rudiment, in addition to selecting and remain good growing way, tender shoots of position suitable or sprout, remaining should erase as early as possible；

C. righting is earthed up：Due to rainwater infiltration, tree body is caused to be shaken, should tread and loosen the soil, set disk integral sinking or part is sunk, answer Timely earthing is filled and led up, and rotten of ponding after rain is prevented, and should be taken measures righting for inclined trees, and stub of existing side by side fixes support；

D. supplement trimming：Although new wood of planting trees has been subjected to trimming, by excavation, handling and transport operation, it is frequently subjected to damage Prevent part bud from normally sprouting, leads to spike top, should remove or cut to more than tender shoots, sprout in time, truncation or heavy pruning are planted The trees of plant, bud position is inaccurate or clip bud is too weak because staying, and causes withered stake or sends out branch weak, then should carry out supplement trimming, trimming Big wound should smooth, clean, disinfection anti-corrosion；

E. loosen the soil, weeding, fertilising：Because watering, rainfall and mankind's activity cause to set disk soil hardening, it should loosen the soil in time, promote soil The gas exchanges of earth and air, during surviving, loosening the soil cannot be too deep, in order to avoid injuring new root, trees base portion can nearby be grown perhaps More weeds, liana should be removed in time, weeding be carried out in conjunction with loosening the soil, without fertilising in big tree transplanting the 1st year, but at this time Foliage spray is carried out, after tree root system is sprouted, then carries out soil application；

F. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：After big tree transplanting, the resistance of tree body weakens, and the bark being damaged will be carried out disinfection, be wrapped in time Wrap up in processing, to avoid the infringement of pest and disease damage, during the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is anti-be more than control, therefore to reinforce preventing, one it is found that by Evil symptom, thoroughly be administered in time.