CN112544274A - Method for determining root crown balance pruning strength of transplanted deciduous whole-crown arbor - Google Patents
Method for determining root crown balance pruning strength of transplanted deciduous whole-crown arbor Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining the root cap balance pruning strength of a fallen leaf full-crown arbor transplanting, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting at least two deciduous full-crown trees of the same species and similar specifications as simulated transplanted trees, arranging a stem flow probe on the trunk of each transplanted tree, and electrically connecting the stem flow probe with a collecting device to detect the stem flow rate of the transplanted trees; s2, selecting one of the transplanted arbors, and performing root breaking treatment in stages and sections; s3, pruning the transplanted arbor with the root broken treatment before transplantation; s4, comparing the stem flow rates of the transplanted tree with the stem flow rates of the control transplanted tree; and judging the balance pruning strength parameter of the root cap of the transplanted deciduous whole-crown arbor according to the stem flow rate of the two. Through adopting the scheme of introducing the stem flow rate and comparing and judging, the root pruning strength parameter can be more accurately determined on the premise of ensuring the balance of the root cap.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban landscaping ecological reconstruction, in particular to a method for determining the balanced trimming strength of a root cap of a fallen leaf full-crown arbor transplanting.
Background
For fallen leaf full-crown trees with the diameter at breast height of more than 20cm, the best transplanting time in east China is from 12 months before trees sprout after fallen leaves in autumn to 2 months in the next year. The maximum diameter of the soil ball is not more than 2.5m when the soil ball is transplanted, otherwise, the digging difficulty is high, and the soil ball is easy to break by carrying and loading and unloading vehicles. Determining a proper pruning strategy aiming at how different deciduous whole-crown trees ensure root-crown balance is an important factor for successful transplantation. Most of the existing arbors are pruned by experience, and the survival rate of the arbors transplanted is improved by adopting a scheme of protecting or promoting the roots. For example, chinese patent document CN103518589A discloses a method for transplanting a big tree, which refers to a root-cutting treatment and a post-transplantation management scheme. CN108552008A discloses a method for transplanting trees. CN111226734A discloses a method for transplanting arbor seedlings for urban greening in summer. CN103392557A describes an out-of-season big arbor transplanting method, only mentions more generally that increase native top, with the diameter at breast height of the tree being 6-10 times, but lacks accurate data, and for fallen leaf whole-crown trees with diameter at breast height > 20cm, this easily leads to difficult transportation. Due to the high value of partially evergreen whole-crown trees, it is highly desirable to find a solution that is sufficiently convenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for determining the root cap balance pruning strength of the deciduous whole-crown arbor transplanting, which can more accurately determine the root pruning strength under the premise of root cap balance, thereby obtaining the highest survival rate with the minimum transplanting difficulty and resource consumption.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for determining the root crown balance pruning strength of the transplanting of deciduous whole-crown trees comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting at least two deciduous full-crown trees of the same species and similar specifications as simulated transplanted trees, arranging a stem flow probe on the trunk of each transplanted tree, and electrically connecting the stem flow probe with a collecting device to detect the stem flow rate of the transplanted trees;
s2, selecting one of the transplanted arbors, and performing root breaking treatment in stages and sections;
s3, pruning the transplanted arbor with the root broken treatment before transplantation;
s4, comparing the stem flow rates of the transplanted tree with the stem flow rates of the control transplanted tree;
and judging the balance pruning strength parameter of the root cap of the transplanted deciduous whole-crown arbor according to the stem flow rate of the two.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, root cutting is performed in two alternating semi-circular ways, one before sprouting in the middle and last ten months of 2 months, and the other before leaf falling in the middle and last ten months of 11 months;
drawing a circle by taking the multiple of the breast diameter of the trunk as a radius, opening a semicircular annular ditch on the outer side, and cutting off thinner roots to enable the thicker roots to be flush with the inner wall of the annular ditch;
in order to prevent lodging, the thick roots with the outer diameter of more than 5cm are reserved, the annular peeling is carried out at the position 10cm away from the inner wall of the annular groove, and rooting liquid with the concentration of 200 and 300mg/L is coated; then filling loose nutrient soil back to fill and level up the ditch;
the semicircular annular grooves formed twice form a whole circle.
In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the stem flow rates of the radiculously treated transplanted tree to the control transplanted tree is such that, after the first radiculotomy, the stem flow rate of the radiculously treated transplanted tree decreases to about 1/4 which is the stem flow rate of the control transplanted tree, and returns to about 3/4 before the second radiculotomy;
after the second root-cutting treatment, the stem flow rate of the root-cut treated transplanted arbor approaches that of the control transplanted arbor within one year.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, 2/5 shoots are cut before the transplant of the transplanted arbor;
on the premise of keeping the basic skeleton of the crown, pruning is mainly to cut diseased weak branches, dense branches and inner bore branches.
In a preferred scheme, after transplantation, the same tree species with similar specifications is selected at the transplantation destination for carrying out control monitoring on the stem flow rate;
the stem flow rate of the transplanted arbor after transplantation dropped to 1/5, which is the rate of the control-monitored stem flow rate, recovered to 2/5 after half a year, to 2/3 after one year, and leveled with the control-monitored stem flow rate after two years.
In the preferred scheme, the stem flow probes are arranged at the position 1.3m away from the trunk, the barks are removed to form a rectangular frame with the width of 4cm and the height of 10cm, and the number of the stem flow probes is two;
the distance between the two stem flow probes was 4cm and the depth of insertion of the stem flow probe into the trunk was 3 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, a weather collecting system is further provided, where the weather collecting system is configured to collect one or more combinations of solar radiation, air humidity, air relative humidity, saturated water-vapor pressure difference, precipitation, wind speed, soil moisture content, and soil temperature, so as to obtain a relationship between the environmental factor and the stem flow rate;
and performing multiple regression analysis by adopting a stepwise elimination method, and establishing a multiple linear regression equation of the stem flow rate and the environmental factors so as to predict the stem flow rate of the transplanted arbor under different meteorological conditions.
In a preferred scheme, in step S1, a weather collecting system is further provided at the transplantation destination, and the weather collecting system is used for collecting one or more combinations of solar radiation, air humidity, air relative humidity, saturated water vapor pressure difference, precipitation amount, wind speed, soil moisture content and soil temperature to obtain an environmental factor parameter;
to simulate the environmental factor parameters of the transplant destination at the point of development.
In the preferred scheme, a planting shed is arranged in a cultivation place according to the environmental factors of the transplanting destination, the planting shed is provided with a transparent shed roof which can be opened and closed, a shielding layer is arranged on the transparent shed roof, and the solar radiation and the air humidity are adjusted by opening and closing the transparent shed roof and arranging the shielding layer;
the bottom soil of the planting shed is isolated from the surrounding soil to form an independent space, and the planting shed is also connected with air supply equipment and used for adjusting the indoor pressure so as to adjust the relative humidity of air, the saturated water vapor pressure difference and the air speed;
a spraying device is arranged in the planting shed and used for adjusting precipitation;
a drip irrigation pipeline is arranged in the soil and used for adjusting the water content of the soil;
the drip irrigation pipeline is also connected with an air supply device and used for adjusting the soil temperature.
In the preferred scheme, be equipped with meteorological collection system in planting the canopy, meteorological collection system is equipped with temperature sensor, humidity transducer, absolute pressure sensor, luminance sensor, soil temperature sensor and soil humidity transducer to environmental factor parameter control according to meteorological collection system gathers plants the transparent shed roof in the canopy and opens and shuts, the degree of shielding on shielding layer, spray set's action, drip irrigation pipeline's action and drip irrigation pipeline and the switching of air feed arrangement, with the meteorological condition of automatic simulation transplanting the destination.
During the long-term development of the arbor, a mutual supply and demand dynamic balance relationship is established between the root system of the underground part and the crown of the overground part, and the mutual connection, dependence, restriction and influence are realized. Usually, the transplanting only cuts the crown of the tree and does not cut the root system. After the balance of the root cap is broken, the crown can restore the balance of the branch by increasing the growth of the remained branch due to the reduction of the branch amount. The larger the pruning quantity is, the faster the growth speed of the recovered balance is, and the more easily the tree body causes the strip bursting. Therefore, the perennial big branches cannot be thinned too much and retracted too much at one time when the trees are cut, so as to prevent the tree crowns from growing excessively. The excessive growth of the branches can consume a large amount of tree nutrients, weaken root systems, reduce the development quality of branch buds and influence the survival of trees. Root-cap balancing needs to be considered.
According to the method for determining the root cap balance pruning strength of the deciduous whole-crown arbor transplanting, provided by the invention, the root pruning strength parameters can be determined more accurately on the premise of ensuring the root cap balance by adopting the scheme of introducing the stem flow rate and comparing and judging. In a preferred embodiment, the accuracy of the parameters can be further improved by performing comparison at the migration destination. By adopting the scheme of predicting by adopting the multiple linear regression equation, more accurate root pruning parameters can be obtained by predicting the stem flow rate. The method for simulating the environmental factor parameters of the transplanting destination in the cultivation field by the weather acquisition system can obtain more accurate data in a simulation mode to guide the root pruning parameters and reduce the cost of data collection.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of root pruning and transplanting according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a table diagram of Pearson correlation between the stem flow rate of goldenrain tree and the environmental factor using the method of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a histogram of the change of the stem flow rate of goldenrain tree and the comparison goldenrain tree using the root-cutting processing method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a table of Pearson correlations of magnolia stem flow rate with environmental factors using the method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a bar graph of stem flow rate changes of Magnolia denudata and control Magnolia denudata using the root-breaking treatment method of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the field simulation environmental factors of the transplanted arbor treated by root cutting according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a field simulated environmental factor of a transplanted arbor as a control in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure: the tree transplanting device comprises a transplanted tree 1, a stem flow probe 2, a collecting device 3, a meteorological collecting system 4, an annular ditch 5, a steel sheet pile side wall 6, an air outlet 7, an opening door 8, a transparent shed roof 9, a shielding layer 10, a transparent side wall 11, an air blowing device 12, a drip irrigation pipeline 13, a water supply device 14, a change-over valve 15, an air supply device 16 and a spraying device 17.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for determining the root crown balance pruning strength of the transplanting of deciduous whole-crown trees comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting at least two deciduous full-crown trees of the same species and similar specifications as simulated transplanted trees 1, arranging a stem flow probe 2 on a trunk of each transplanted tree 1, and electrically connecting the stem flow probe 2 with a collecting device 3 to detect the stem flow rate of the transplanted tree 1;
the preferred scheme is as shown in figure 1, the said stem flow probe 2 is set up in the place 1.3m away from the trunk, remove the bark and form a width 4cm, high 10cm rectangular frame, the stem flow probe 2 is two;
the distance between the two stem flow probes 2 is 4cm and the depth of insertion of the stem flow probes 2 into the trunk is 3 cm.
The stem flow probe 2 and the collecting device 3 adopt an FLGS-TDP thermal diffusion inserting needle type stem flow instrument.
S2, selecting one of the transplanted arbors 1 for stage division and sectional root breaking treatment;
in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, in step S2, the root is cut in two alternating semi-circular ways, one before sprouting in the middle and last ten months of 2 months and the other before leaf fall in the middle and last ten months of 11 months;
drawing a circle by taking the multiple of the breast diameter of the trunk as a radius, opening a semicircular annular ditch 5 at the outer side, and cutting off thinner roots to enable the thicker roots to be flush with the inner wall of the annular ditch 5;
in order to prevent lodging, the thick roots with the outer diameter of more than 5cm are reserved, the annular peeling is carried out at the position 10cm away from the inner wall of the annular groove 5, and rooting liquid with the concentration of 200 and 300mg/L is coated; then filling loose nutrient soil back to fill and level up the ditch;
the semicircular annular grooves 5 formed twice form a whole circle.
More preferably, the trunk is used as a center, a circle is drawn by using a radius 5 times of the diameter of the breast of the trunk as a radius, and ditching is carried out on the outer side. The width of the trench is typically 60-80cm, and the depth is typically 100-150 cm. The thin roots are cut and the thicker roots are cut with sharp pruning shears or hand saws so as to be flush with the inner wall of the trench.
S3, pruning the transplanted arbor 1 with the root broken treatment before transplantation;
in a preferred embodiment, in step S3, 2/5 shoots are cut before the transplant of the transplanted arbor 1;
on the premise of keeping the basic skeleton of the crown, pruning is mainly to cut diseased weak branches, dense branches and inner bore branches.
S4, comparing the stem flow rates of the root-severed transplanted arbor 1 and the control transplanted arbor 1; in this example, transplanted tree 1 with root cutting was designated as CK2, and control transplanted tree 1 was designated as CK 1.
And judging the balance pruning strength parameter of the root cap of the transplanted deciduous whole-crown arbor according to the stem flow rate of the two. With the structure, the root pruning parameters under the premise of ensuring root crown balance can be accurately determined according to the recovery speed of the stem flow rate. The survival rate of the deciduous whole-crown arbors with the diameter at breast height of more than 20cm is ensured with lower resource consumption. Transpiration is an important physiological phenomenon in the normal growth and development of plants. The stem flow refers to the rising process of the water in the plant body under the pulling action of transpiration, so that the plant single plant transpiration rate can be approximately replaced by the single plant stem flow rate. By monitoring the transpiration process of the transplanted large-size deciduous full-crown arbor, the change of the stem flow rate of the tree under different root cutting and pruning strengths after the tree is transplanted can be tracked. Through the change of the stem flow rate, whether the growth condition is normal can be pre-judged in advance. The maximum limit value, namely the threshold value, of the broken roots and the pruning of different tree species can also be found out. Therefore, the proper root cap balance pruning strength parameter is determined, and the balance between the survival rate and the economy is achieved.
In fig. 3, the preferred protocol is such that the ratio of the stem flow rates of the radiculotomy transplanted arbor 1 and the control transplanted arbor 1 decreases to about 1/4 after the first radiculotomy treatment and returns to about 3/4 before the second radiculotomy treatment, with the stem flow rate of the radiculotomy transplanted arbor 1CK2 decreasing to about 1/4 of the control transplanted arbor 1CK 1;
after the second root-cutting treatment, the stem flow rate of the root-cut treated transplanted arbor 1 approaches that of the control transplanted arbor 1 within one year.
In a preferred scheme, after transplantation, the same tree species with similar specifications is selected at the transplantation destination for carrying out control monitoring on the stem flow rate;
the stem flow rate of transplanted arbor 1 decreased to 1/5 of the control-monitored stem flow rate after transplantation, recovered to 2/5 after half a year, to 2/3 after one year, and leveled with the control-monitored stem flow rate after two years.
Example 2:
on the basis of example 1, the preferred schemeIn step S1, as shown in fig. 1, a weather collection system 4 is further provided, preferably with ECH2The O environmental factor monitoring system continuously monitors the climate and the soil. The meteorological acquisition system 4 is used for acquiring one or more combinations of solar radiation, air humidity, air relative humidity, saturated water-vapor pressure difference, precipitation, wind speed, soil moisture content and soil temperature to obtain the relationship between an environmental factor and a stem flow rate;
and performing multiple regression analysis by adopting a stepwise elimination method, and establishing a multiple linear regression equation of the stem flow rate and the environmental factors so as to predict the stem flow rate of the transplanted arbor under different meteorological conditions.
Take a suburb park as an example: is positioned near a water system and has a total planned area of about 16km2. The average annual temperature is 16.5 ℃. The coldest in 1 month in winter, and the average temperature in the month is 3.3 ℃; the warmest in 7 months in summer, and the average temperature in the month is 27.8 ℃. The annual sunshine duration is about 2000 h. In the frost-free period 241d all year round, the annual rainfall is 1200mm, and about 70 percent of rainfall is concentrated in 4-9 months.
Selecting 2 adjacent big goldenrain trees with robust growth, good crown shape and straight stem shape in a goldenrain tree forest with the row spacing of 4m multiplied by 4m, wherein the breast diameter, the tree height and the crown width are respectively as follows: CK1, 21.7cm, 16.5m, 3.5 m; CK2, 22.3cm, 17.0m, 3.6 m.
Two trees are respectively provided with an FLGS-TDP thermal diffusion insert pin type stem flow instrument for continuously monitoring the stem flow rate in 2018, 2 month and 28 days, and simultaneously provided with a set of ECH2The O environmental factor monitoring system continuously monitors the climate and the soil. The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, removing barks at a position 1.3m away from the ground of CK1 and CK2 trunks by using a knife to form a rectangular frame with the width of 4cm and the height of 10cm, horizontally placing a drilling jig on the rectangular frame, drilling two round holes with the distance of 4cm in the depth of about 3cm by using an electric drill, then installing an FLGS-TDP Thermal diffusion Probe (Thermal dissociation Probe, DYNAMAX, USA) in the rectangular frame, sealing an interface by using plasticine, fixing the Probe by using fixed foam and adhesive tape, completely wrapping the position of the Probe by using a radiation-proof shield, and finally connecting the Probe with a host. Data were acquired 1 time every 10s and the average value every 1h was stored. The trunk liquid flow rate calculation formula is as follows:K= (T dm-T d) /T d; V =0.0119·K 1. 231x 3600. In the formula:Kis a parameter;T dmthe maximum day and night temperature difference between the upper probe and the lower probe;T dis the instantaneous temperature difference;Vis the average flow rate in cm/h.
Determination of each environmental factor: using ECH2The O system performs a continuous determination of each environmental factor and stores the hourly mean values. ECH2The O system consists of an EM50 data collector, a sensor, communication and software. The meteorological factors measured include the total solar radiation (J/(m)2S)), precipitation amount (mm), air temperature (deg.C), air relative humidity (%), wind speed (m/s), soil moisture content (%), soil temperature (deg.C). Saturated water vapor pressure difference (V PD) Is the saturated water vapour pressure (e) in the air at the prevailing temperatures) With the actual water vapour pressure (e)a) The difference between them is calculated by the following formula:V PD = es - ea = (1- HＲ)·es；es = 0. 610 8·e(17. 27T/(T + 273. 3)). In the formula: vPDSaturated water vapor pressure difference, kPa; hＲAir relative humidity,%; t is the air temperature, DEG C.
Root cutting treatment: at 26.2.2018, the root of the goldenrain tree CK2 is cut for the first time. The method comprises the following specific steps: a semicircular annular ditch is dug at a position 5 times of the diameter at breast height from the base of the trunk, the width of the ditch is 70cm, and the depth of the ditch is 120 cm. The thin roots are cut and the thicker roots are cut with sharp pruning shears or hand saws flush with the inner wall of the trench. In order to prevent lodging, the thick roots with the depth of more than 5cm are reserved, the skin is peeled in a ring shape at the position 10cm away from the inner wall, and rooting liquid with the concentration of 200-300mg/L is coated. And then filling loose nutrient soil back to fill and level up the ditch. And (3) performing second root cutting treatment on the CK2 goldenrain tree on 26 days in 11 months in the same year. Another semicircular annular groove was dug in the same manner as described above.
As in FIG. 2, the probe and ECH were heat-diffused by FLGS-TDP2The relation between the stem flow rate of the goldenrain tree obtained by the O system and the environmental factor is as follows: the correlation between the environmental factors and the stem flow rate of the Koelreuteria paniculata CK1 in the whole year growing season shows that the stem flow rate of the whole year growing season, the solar radiation and the air temperatureDegree, VPDThe method has an extremely obvious positive correlation, an extremely obvious negative correlation with the relative humidity of air and the water content of soil, an extremely obvious positive correlation with the wind speed and the soil temperature and an extremely obvious negative correlation with the precipitation.
Taking the stem flow rate of the Koelreuteria paniculata CK1 as a dependent variable (y, cm/h), and solar radiation (x)1，J /(m2·s))、VPD( x2kPa) and air relative humidity (%), strong correlation of air temperature (DEG C), and precipitation amount (x)3Mm), wind speed (x)4M/s), volumetric water content of soil (x)5，m3/m3) Soil temperature (x)6And DEG C) is independent variable, multivariate regression analysis is carried out by adopting a stepwise elimination method, and a multivariate linear regression equation of the stem flow rate of the goldenrain tree and the environmental factor is established (Ｒ 2= 0.887), equationFCoefficient of checksumtThe tests all reach a significant level, and the residuals of the residual analysis satisfy multiple linear regression. This regression equation can be used for prediction of the goldenrain tree stem flow rate.
y=-2.78+0.095x1+1.76x2-0.633x3+0.059x4+13.1x5+0.086x6
Change in stem flow rate after root cutting: as seen in fig. 3, after the first root breaking in 2018 in month 2 of goldenrain tree CK2, the stem flow rate in month 3 and 15 is only about 1/4 of the comparison goldenrain tree CK1, and then slowly returns to about 3/4 of number 11.15; along with the second root breaking in late 11 months, in 3 months of the second year, the Koelreuteria paniculata CK2 descends to about 1/2 of the comparison Koelreuteria paniculata CK1, along with the gradual rising of the stem flow rate of the Koelreuteria paniculata CK1, the difference between the Koreuteria paniculata CK2 is gradually reduced, and the stem flow rates of the Koreuteria paniculata CK and the Koreuteria paniculata CK are very close to each other in.
The correct method for root cutting and lump shrinkage before the transplantation of the Dalelreuteria paniculata:
through the comprehensive summary of the data analysis and the change of the stem flow rate, the stem flow rate of the goldenrain tree in the next autumn is restored to the level of the treatment of the non-broken root after the cyclic ditching and the root breaking are carried out twice in spring and autumn at the position 5 times of the chest diameter of the trunk. And in combination with the occurrence of a large number of new roots in the annular ditch 5, soil balls with the diameter of 6-8 times of the diameter of the trunk breast height are dug after the dormancy stage is started for 12 months, so that the transplanting success rate is high.
Example 3:
if the breeding ground is far from the transplantation destination and the environmental factors of the two places are greatly different, the scheme of the embodiment 2 may have a large deviation.
In addition to the embodiment 1, the preferable scheme is as shown in fig. 6 and 7, in step S1, a weather collecting system 4 is further provided at the transplantation destination, and ECH is preferably adopted2The O environmental factor monitoring system continuously monitors the climate and the soil. The meteorological acquisition system 4 is used for acquiring one or more combinations of solar radiation, air humidity, air relative humidity, saturated water vapor pressure difference, precipitation, wind speed, soil moisture content and soil temperature to obtain environmental factor parameters; to simulate the environmental factor parameters of the transplant destination at the point of development. Preferably, the bottom of the meteorological collection system 4 is provided with a support rod, and the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor are arranged at the bottom end of the support rod and inserted into the soil. The specific adjustment scheme is that according to the environmental factors collected by the meteorological collection system 4, multivariate combined solution analysis is adopted, and one or more measures of opening or closing the shielding layer 10, opening or closing the transparent shed roof 9, opening or closing the spraying device 17, opening or closing the drip irrigation pipeline 13, opening or closing the air blowing device 12 and switching or stopping the communication between the air supply device 16 and the drip irrigation pipeline 13 are adopted to simulate the environmental factors of the transplanting destination, so that the more accurate stem flow rate is obtained, and the method can also be used for collecting data of the estimated stem flow rate to improve the accuracy of utilizing the multivariate linear regression equation.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, a planting shed is installed in a cultivation place according to the environmental factors of the transplanting destination, the planting shed is provided with a transparent shed roof which can be opened and closed, a shielding layer which can be rolled, such as a sunshade net, is arranged on the transparent shed roof, and an air outlet 7 is formed by opening and closing the transparent shed roof, such as opening a door 8. Or a shielding layer is arranged to adjust solar radiation and air humidity;
the soil at the bottom of the planting shed is isolated from the surrounding soil to form an independent space, and the scheme adopted in the embodiment is that the steel sheet pile side wall 6 is dug around the transplanted arbor 1 until reaching the original soil layer to block the moisture transmission of the surrounding soil, so that the moisture content of the soil below the transplanted arbor 1 is hardly influenced by the surrounding soil. The planting shed is also connected with air supply equipment and is used for adjusting indoor pressure so as to adjust the relative humidity of air, the saturated water vapor pressure difference and the air speed;
a spraying device is arranged in the planting shed and used for adjusting precipitation;
a drip irrigation pipeline is arranged in the soil and used for adjusting the water content of the soil;
the drip irrigation line is also connected to an air supply 16 for regulating the soil temperature. The air supply device 16 supplies cold air or hot air as required, is communicated with the drip irrigation pipeline 13 in a switching mode through a switching valve 15, and adjusts the soil temperature through air supply.
In the preferred scheme as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a weather collection system 4 is arranged in the planting shed, the weather collection system 4 is provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an absolute pressure sensor, a light brightness sensor, a soil temperature sensor and a soil humidity sensor, so as to control the opening and closing of the transparent shed roof in the planting shed, the shielding degree of the shielding layer 10, the action of the spraying device, the action of the drip irrigation pipeline and the switching of the drip irrigation pipeline and the air supply device 16 according to the environmental factor parameters collected by the weather collection system 4, and automatically simulate the weather conditions of the transplanting destination.
In the green area of the cultivation base, a planting shed for simulation is arranged, steel sheet pile side walls 6 with the depth of more than 6 meters are driven into the planting shed, the moisture transfer of surrounding soil is blocked, and a substantially independent soil environment is formed. The environmental factors in the planting shed are simulated according to the meteorological conditions collected from the transplanting destination by the scheme. Therefore, the stem flow rate of the transplanted arbor 1 can be relatively approximate to reflect the actual cultivation environment of the transplanting destination, and the final transplanting success rate is ensured. As shown in fig. 6, a large magnolia denudata tree is transplanted as CK2 in 2018 in 1 month and 15 days, and 2/5 branches are cut before transplantation. The root cutting plan is the same as the example 2, and the diameter of the soil ball is 8 times of the diameter of the breast height. Pruning mainly comprises pruning diseased weak branches, dense branches and inner bore branches. The diameter at breast height, tree height and crown width are respectively as follows: the height and the crown width of the tree are correspondingly reduced after pruning for 36.5cm, 10.8m and 5.4m before pruning.
In the planting shed of the adjacent area, large-size white magnolia with similar specifications and grown in situ is used as a control CK 1. The diameter at breast height, tree height and crown width are respectively as follows: 35.8cm, 11.9m and 5.6 m.
Two trees are respectively provided with an FLGS-TDP thermal diffusion insert pin type stem flow instrument for continuously monitoring the stem flow rate in 2018, 3 months and 1 day, and simultaneously provided with a set of ECH2And the O environmental factor monitoring system continuously monitors the climate and soil in the two planting sheds. The specific scheme is as above.
The stem flow rate of magnolia denudata CK1 is related to environmental factors: the correlation between environmental factors and stem flow rate of magnolia denudata CK1 in successive days of each growing season throughout the 1 year is shown in fig. 4. The result is very similar to the monitoring result of the large-specification white magnolia with similar specification of the transplanting destination.
The stem flow rate of the magnolia denudata in the planting shed simulating the meteorological conditions of the transplanting destination is used as a dependent variable (y, cm/h), and the solar radiation (x)1，J /(m2·s))、VPD( x2kPa) and air relative humidity (%), strong correlation of air temperature (DEG C), and precipitation amount (x)3Mm), wind speed (x)4M/s), volumetric water content of soil (x)5，m3/m3) Soil temperature (x)6And DEG C) is an independent variable, and a multivariate linear regression equation of the stem flow rate of the magnolia denudata and the environmental factor is established:
y= -7.84+0.093x1+1.76x2-0.627x3+0.055x4+12.8x5+0.085x6。
the change of the stem flow rate of the large-size white magnolia after pruning and transplanting: as shown in fig. 5, after the white magnolia No. 15 CK2 is pruned and transplanted in 2018, 3 and 3 months, the stem flow rate rapidly decreases to about 1/5 of the white magnolia CK1, slowly increases for several months later, reaches about 2/5 of the white magnolia CK1 half a year later, reaches about 2/3 of the white magnolia CK1 by 3 months of 2019 and slowly increases later, and approaches to the level of the CK1 after 3 months of 2020. As can be seen from the comparison of the data of the above examples 2 and 3, the recovery rate of the large-size magnolia denudata after transplantation is lower than that of the goldenrain tree in the example 3, so that compared with the example 2, the inner diameter of the annular groove 5 in the example is increased, more fine roots are reserved, and the success rate of the large-size magnolia denudata transplantation is ensured.
The correct method for pruning the large-size magnolia denudata before transplanting comprises the following steps:
the change of the stem flow rate is summarized by analysis, 2/5 branches of large-size white magnolia need to be cut before transplanting, weak branches, dense branches and inner bore branches are mainly cut on the premise of keeping the basic skeleton of the crown, and robust branches are properly retracted. Then the success rate of transplantation is high.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining the root crown balance pruning strength of the transplanting of deciduous whole-crown arbor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting at least two deciduous full-crown trees of the same species and similar specifications as simulated transplanted trees (1), arranging a stem flow probe (2) on the trunk of each transplanted tree (1), and electrically connecting the stem flow probe (2) with a collecting device (3) to detect the stem flow rate of the transplanted trees (1);
s2, selecting one of the transplanted arbors (1) to perform root breaking treatment by stages and sections;
s3, pruning the transplanted arbor (1) with the root broken treatment before transplantation;
s4, comparing the stem flow rates of the root-severed transplanted arbor (1) and a control transplanted arbor (1);
and judging the balance pruning strength parameter of the root cap of the transplanted deciduous whole-crown arbor according to the stem flow rate of the two.
2. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, root cutting is performed in two alternating semi-circular ways, one before sprouting in middle and last ten months of 2 months and the other before leaf falling in middle and last ten months of 11 months;
drawing a circle by taking the multiple of the breast diameter of the trunk as the radius, opening a semicircular annular ditch (5) at the outer side, and cutting off thinner roots to enable the thicker roots to be flush with the inner wall of the annular ditch (5);
in order to prevent lodging, the thick roots with the outer diameter of more than 5cm are reserved, the annular barks are peeled at the positions 10cm away from the inner wall of the annular groove (5), and rooting liquid with the concentration of 200 and 300mg/L is smeared; then filling loose nutrient soil back to fill and level up the ditch;
the semicircular annular grooves (5) formed twice form a whole circle.
3. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the stem flow rates of the rootaged graft arbor (1) and the control graft arbor (1), after the first rootage treatment, the stem flow rate of the rootaged graft arbor (1) decreased to about 1/4 of the stem flow rate of the control graft arbor (1) and returned to about 3/4 before the second rootage treatment;
after the second root-cutting treatment, the stem flow rate of the root-cut treated transplanted arbor (1) approaches that of the control transplanted arbor (1) within one year.
4. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, 2/5 shoots are cut before the transplant of the transplanted arbor (1);
on the premise of keeping the basic skeleton of the crown, pruning is mainly to cut diseased weak branches, dense branches and inner bore branches.
5. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after transplantation, selecting the same tree species with similar specifications at the transplantation destination to carry out control monitoring on the stem flow rate;
the stem flow rate of the transplanted arbor (1) after transplantation dropped to 1/5, which is the rate of the control-monitored stem flow rate, recovered to 2/5 half a year later, to 2/3 a year later, and leveled with the control-monitored stem flow rate two years later.
6. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the stem flow probes (2) are arranged at a position 1.3m away from the trunk, barks are removed to form a rectangular frame with the width of 4cm and the height of 10cm, and the number of the stem flow probes (2) is two;
the distance between the two stem flow probes (2) is 4cm, and the depth of the stem flow probes (2) inserted into the trunk is 3 cm.
7. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a weather collecting system (4) is further provided, wherein the weather collecting system (4) is used for collecting one or more combinations of solar radiation, air humidity, air relative humidity, saturated water vapor pressure difference, precipitation, wind speed, soil moisture content and soil temperature to obtain the relationship between the environmental factor and the stem flow rate;
and performing multiple regression analysis by adopting a stepwise elimination method, and establishing a multiple linear regression equation of the stem flow rate and the environmental factors so as to predict the stem flow rate of the transplanted arbor under different meteorological conditions.
8. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a weather collection system (4) is further provided at the transplantation destination, the weather collection system (4) is used for collecting one or more combinations of solar radiation, air humidity, air relative humidity, saturated water vapor pressure difference, precipitation amount, wind speed, soil moisture content and soil temperature to obtain environmental factor parameters;
to simulate the environmental factor parameters of the transplant destination at the point of development.
9. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 8, wherein: setting a planting shed according to the environmental factors of the transplanting destination in the cultivation field, wherein the planting shed is provided with a foldable transparent shed roof, the transparent shed roof is provided with a shielding layer, and solar radiation and air humidity are adjusted by opening and closing the transparent shed roof and setting the shielding layer;
the bottom soil of the planting shed is isolated from the surrounding soil to form an independent space, and the planting shed is also connected with air supply equipment and used for adjusting the indoor pressure so as to adjust the relative humidity of air, the saturated water vapor pressure difference and the air speed;
a spraying device is arranged in the planting shed and used for adjusting precipitation;
a drip irrigation pipeline is arranged in the soil and used for adjusting the water content of the soil;
the drip irrigation pipeline is also connected with an air supply device (16) and used for adjusting the soil temperature.
10. The method for determining the balanced pruning strength of the transplanted root cap of the deciduous whole-crown arbor as claimed in claim 9, wherein: be equipped with meteorological collection system (4) in planting the canopy, meteorological collection system (4) are equipped with temperature sensor, humidity transducer, absolute pressure sensor, luminance sensor, soil temperature sensor and soil humidity transducer to environmental factor parameter control according to meteorological collection system (4) collection plants the transparent shed roof in the canopy and opens and shuts, the degree of shielding on shielding layer, spray set's action, drip irrigation pipeline's action and drip irrigation pipeline and the switching of air feed device (16), with the meteorological condition of automatic simulation transplanting the destination.
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