CN103004430B - Large-leave fast-growing locust tree mother root cutting and seedling method - Google Patents
Large-leave fast-growing locust tree mother root cutting and seedling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large-leave fast-growing locust tree mother root cutting and seedling method. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting a proper cutting and seedling period; (2) preparation work before cutting and seedling: weeding, ploughing and leveling soil, establishing a drainage system and applying enough base fertilizer; (3) mother root preparation: selecting annual large-leave fast-growing locust trees, digging the mother roots, avoiding the damage to root bark, and covering wet sand on the mother roots after digging to keep the humidity; (4) cutting: cutting the mother roots into root sections of different lengths according to the diameters of the mother roots, cutting the root sections into leveled soil, inserting the mother roots into the soil to make the top ends expose out of the soil surface, cutting according to certain plant space and row space, and treading the soil after finishing cutting; and (5) final-period management: keeping suitable humidity of the soil, weeding, and performing deinsectization. By the propagation method provided by the invention, the seedling survival rate, the root system utilization rate and the propagation coefficient of the mother roots can be improved, and the seedling time can be shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artificial breeding propagation technique field, relate in particular to a kind of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root cuttage and seedling culture method.
Background technology
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is pulse family locust tree, belongs to deciduous tree, is novel fodder seeds.Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree blade is large, and blade length and width are respectively 2-3 times of common locust tree, and the food value of leaf is plump, and the 4-6 that single leaf dry weight is common locust tree doubly.Blade is imparipinnate leaf, alternate, full edge.Leaflet is 7-19 piece, ellipse or oval, two sides Glabrous.Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is unisexual flower, aubergine, and raceme, without stamen, does not bear seeds, and main kind of the root that adopts is bred.
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is wide ecological amplitude plant, has the ability of stronger drought-enduring, cold-resistant, resistance to soil depletion, the suitable average temperature of the whole year 6-9 ℃ that is born in, the climatic region of year precipitation 500-1200 millimeter.In the northwest drought of year precipitation 200-400 millimeter, semiarid zone also normal growth.But it is water-fast flooding not, long-time root ponding can rotten death.Fast-growing Chinese scholartree also has extremely strong resistance to soil depletion ability, and no matter sandy soil, the barren ground of barren hill, Degraded Pastures, flood land, light acid soil and light saline land, can grow on the sandstone gravel of slagheap and weathering even for many years.
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree root system is huge, tool root nodule, and nitrogen fixing capacity is very strong, can effectively improve soil, promotes soil fertility.Tillering of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is extremely strong with regeneration capacity, and after cradling, just pier shape is grown thickly, and 10-20 branch of average every pier germinating, can reach at most 40 branches.And great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is after plant is cut down, remaining in that residual in soil be completely cured is also sprout growth fast.
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, has the title of " king of leaf feed ", and in great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree cured leaf, containing the about 21-25% of crude protein, 2 kilograms of Chinese scholartree leaf powder are equivalent to 1 kilogram of soya-bean cake class crude protein content.Containing crude fat 4-5.5%, raw fiber 11-15%.Be rich in multivitamin, trace element and several amino acids, belong to high energy feed.Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree cauline leaf is fresh and tender, and quality is soft, good palatability, and digestibility is high, and all kinds of livestock and poultry such as ox, sheep are all liked food.And can promote significantly growing of livestock and poultry, livestock and poultry are had no side effect.
Plantation great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree can be improved the ecological environment, can transform to check winds and fix drifting sand in desertization wasteland, Yong Zuodui the Northwest, southwest Karst Mountains Desertification Area transformation, both prevented water and soil loss, water conservation, can promote again the development of local livestock breeding industry, simultaneously fast-growing Chinese scholartree have again that implantation methods is simple, extensive management and the high feature of survival rate, make it have the very large market demand, the research that therefore strengthens fast-growing Chinese scholartree propagation technique has become the emphasis of current fast-growing Chinese scholartree research.
Traditional great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree plantation and seedling-cultivating method are all to adopt the flat method of burying of kind of root, but in implementation process, put down to bury to grow seedlings being subject to the impact of several factors, how to improve survival rate, improve the reproduction coefficient of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root and the quality of nursery stock and become problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention technical problem to be solved is: how to improve reproduction coefficient and the seedling quality of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root, improve survival rate.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, propagation method to different-diameter kind root is studied, according to the reproductive characteristic of fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root, adopt the method for cuttage to carry out breeding and seedling, so not only improved survival rate, reproduction coefficient and the seedling quality of kind of root are all greatly improved, and the while is for the kind root of different-diameter also useful diverse ways.
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root cuttage breeding method step provided by the invention is as follows:
A great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root cuttage and seedling culture method, is characterized in that:
(1) select the suitable period of cuttage and seedling culture;
(2) preparation before cuttage and seedling culture: weeding, ploughing soil and smooth, set up drainage system, use sufficient base manure;
(3) plant root preparation: select annual great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, excavate kind of a root, avoid damaging root skin, dug and will plant the wet sand of root covering to keep humidity;
(4) cuttage: according to the diameter of kind of root, be cut into the root segment of different length, then by its cuttage on smooth good soil, plant root and insert top in soil and basset, according to certain plant/line spacing, carry out cuttage, after cuttage finishes, soil is treaded;
(5) final-period management: keep suitable humidity, weeding, the deinsectization of soil.
Further, wherein in step (1), select be specially the suitable period of cuttage and seedling culture: 10 ℃ of left and right of minimum temperature arrival later in the Spring Festival, south.
Further, wherein in step (1), select be specially the suitable period of cuttage and seedling culture: the north is after spring, soil thawed.
Further, when wherein ploughing soil is with smooth preparation in step (2), the selection high soil of the deep content of organic matter of soil layer,
Further, wherein in step (2) when ploughing soil and smooth preparation, ploughing depth is 25cm, and removes the foreign material in soil.
Further, while wherein using sufficient base manure preparation in step (2), use farmyard manure and composite fertilizer's deep placement base manure.
Further, wherein in step (4) during cuttage, kind root more than diameter 5mm is cut into the root segment of 8cm, the kind root of 3-5mm is cut into the root segment of 10cm.
Further, wherein in step (4) during cuttage, plant root and insert in soil the top 2cm that bassets, according to spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 60cm carries out cuttage.
Further, wherein in step (4) during cuttage, mu is planted 2500-3000 strain.
Further, wherein in step (5) during weeding, before the closing of fast-growing Chinese scholartree envelope row, at least except twice grass.
Implement propagation method of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1) improve survival rate of seedling.Plant root cuttage, plant a root part in soil the inside, a part is exposed in air, and the root segment in soil absorbs moisture and keeps the moisture content of root segment to avoid withered, be exposed to the respiration that airborne root segment is conducive to root system epidermis, promote the sprouting of new root and leaf bud.Leaf bud can directly be accepted illumination and carry out photosynthesis after sprouting, and root growth is had to facilitation, thereby promotes the nutrient absorption of root system, and then improves the survival rate of growing seedlings.
2) improve the utilization ratio of root system.The cuttage of kind of root, in the time of conventional seedbed system, flatly buries the method for growing seedlings, and the kind root survival rate below diameter 5mm is lower, but while adopting cuttage and seedling culture, the kind root rudiment survival rate of diameter 3-5mm reaches 95%.And in annual kind of root, the root system of 3-5mm also accounts for ratio greatly.
3) improve the reproduction coefficient of kind of root.Owing to being fully used compared with radicula system, just make the seed root propagation coefficient of unit length increase.
4) shorten seedling raise period.Cuttage and seedling culture, plants root epimere germinating leaf bud, directly carries out photosynthesis, has just reduced the time of breaking through the soil from soil, and the photosynthesis of getting up early simultaneously has facilitation to root growth, promotes also to shorten seedling raise period.
embodiment
Great Ye fast-growing Sophora is in hybridization seeds, and unisexual flower, without stamen, only bloom and do not bear seeds, branch and the root system of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree have very strong sprouting ability, after branch grafting and cuttage, can germinate seedling, and taproot and lateral root all can germinate seedling, but grafting and cuttage are due to time-consuming, and survival rate is low, now less employing, is mainly to adopt kind of root and seedling to breed now, stem with root is called seedling, and main root lateral root is all called kind of a root.
Seedling has lignified stem and root system, and environmental suitability and plantation survival rate are significantly higher than kind of a root, and branches and leaves and root system germinating speed are significantly higher than kind of a root.At northern repoductive time, be selected in after spring, soil thawed, and on Nanning, Liuzhou and other places, in the fall, all can plant spring, from day maximum temperature drop to 15 degrees Celsius of left and right, Summer Solstice or the Winter Solstice maximum temperature rose to before 30 ℃, before May time from December to next year, all can plant.Planting patterns adopts trench digging to do Gansu Province plantation, spacing in the rows 60cm, and line-spacing 80cm, density is planted with the density of every mu of 1500-2000 strain.
Gathering of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree seedling and kind root excavated and will be come off completely at great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree blade, and root system is stopped action, and trees carry out after entering resting stage, can guarantee that like this kind of a root activity preserves from.Therefore all can carry out nursery stock spring in autumn gathers.Quality is better because dormancy time is long for the seedling that excavate spring and kind root, and no matter southern and northern, the seedling of gathering spring and kind root all can be planted, and the seedling that excavate autumn and kind root, southern seedling can be planted, the method that kind of root can adopt overlay film to grow seedlings is bred, also can tie integrated bundle and imbedded soil or sand in to keep moisture until to plant again spring, but the seedling that excavate autumn in the north and plant that root can only be heeled in until spring soil after thawing, plant again.Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is also found in the process of planting, seedling transplanting survival rate is higher, plant root transplanting survival rate relatively low, if the restoration of the ecosystem for Karst Mountains Desertification Area, need to adopt comparatively sturdy seedling, if for fodder forest, and be planted on loose soil, both can have adopted seedling also can adopt kind of a root.
The kind root of fast-growing Chinese scholartree has very strong asexual multiplication ability, under the suitable condition of temp. and humidity, plants root and can germinate and leaf bud and Xin Gen, and generate a new plant.Under study for action, find that at kind of root leaf bud and the root system of planting on root germinate at random when keeping flat, position is indefinite.If root system cuttage, in wet sand, is shown to epimere and sprouts, the phenomenon of taking root in lower end.
According to this discovery, inventor goes through test of many times, tries to adopt the method for cuttage to breed, and found that kind of a root cuttage and seedling culture survival rate is significantly increased.By analysis and research, find, in the time of cuttage, it is long that root segment is cut into 10cm, insert underground 6-7cm, acrial part 3-4cm, under ground portion absorbs moisture, keeps the humidity of root segment, acrial part is exposed in the air, ventilated, be conducive to the respiration of root skin, be conducive to the sprouting of leaf bud, and germinating leaf bud also can carry out in time photosynthesis, the survival rate of seedling is increased.Cuttage and seedling culture propagation method can be avoided traditional flat burying in earthing seedling raising process, because the factors such as soil moisture content, gas permeability are sprouted some harmful effects that produce to kind of root.
From the end of the year in 2009, with hand research central Guilin area, Guangxi great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, introduce a fine variety reproduction test, through the research more than 2 years, find out a set of relatively ripe fast-growing Chinese scholartree seed root propagation technology, embodiment is as follows:
A kind of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root cuttage and seedling culture method:
The period of 1 cuttage and seedling culture
The period of cuttage and seedling culture, southern and northern because of climatic factor can be different, but be substantially be all arranged in the Spring Festival after, south is after the Spring Festival, minimum temperature reaches 10 ℃ can carry out, northern area starts preparation spring, soil thawed after.
Preparation before 2 cuttage and seedling cultures
2.1 weeding work.Before growing seedlings, want place to carry out weed control, to reduce the fast-growing Chinese scholartree crop smothering in seedling stage, the weeding workload that reduces seedling stage, saves labor cost.
2.2 ploughing soils and smooth.Select the high soil of the deep content of organic matter of soil layer, and loose being easy to of soil structure excavated.After weeding to soil turn over, smooth, loose, it is smooth that words with good conditionsi can adopt mechanized tool to carry out ploughing soil, ploughing depth is 25cm, the foreign material such as the rubble in removing soil, grass roots, to reduce its impact on fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root growth, the excacation when being simultaneously also convenient to kind of root seedling and gathering.
2.3 set up drainage system.Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree drought-resistance ability is very strong, but intolerant to waterlogging, is immersed in for a long time in water and can causes root system to rot, and therefore will build drainage system, and good drainage system is better.
2.4 use sufficient base manure.In order to guarantee the strong growth of nursery stock, before plantation, use farmyard manure and composite fertilizer's deep placement base manure.
3 kinds of roots are prepared
Select annual great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, excavate kind of a root, avoid damaging root skin.Dug and will plant the wet sand of root covering to keep humidity.
4 cuttages
Kind root more than diameter 5mm is cut into the butt of 8cm, and the kind root of 3-5mm is cut into the root segment of 10cm.Then by its cuttage on smooth good soil, plant root and insert in soil the top 2cm that bassets, according to spacing in the rows 40cm, line-spacing 60cm carries out cuttage, after cuttage finishes, soil is treaded, mu is planted 2500-3000 strain.
5 final-period managements
1) keep the suitable humidity of soil. plant root cuttage good after, often water the humidity that keeps soil enough, the while also will prevent that rainfall from causing damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, performs drainage works.
2) weeding.Although great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree growth fraction is very fast, the too fast growth of grass can affect the growth of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, therefore, before the closing of fast-growing Chinese scholartree envelope row, at least will remove twice grass, and guarantee seedling is grown well.
3) deinsectization.Because the branches and leaves of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree have abundant nutritive value, therefore, its insect pest also occurs often, therefore, when finding that there is insect pest, effect a radical cure in time.
The technique effect that cuttage and seedling culture obtains:
1) improve survival rate of seedling.Plant root cuttage, plant a root part in soil the inside, a part is exposed in air, and the root segment in soil absorbs moisture and keeps the moisture content of root segment to avoid withered, be exposed to the respiration that airborne root segment is conducive to root system epidermis, promote the sprouting of new root and leaf bud.Leaf bud can directly be accepted illumination and carry out photosynthesis after sprouting, and root growth is had to facilitation, thereby promotes the nutrient absorption of root system, and then improves the survival rate of growing seedlings.
2) improve the utilization ratio of root system.The cuttage of kind of root, in the time of conventional seedbed system, flatly buries the method for growing seedlings, and the kind root survival rate below diameter 5mm is lower, but while adopting cuttage and seedling culture, the kind root rudiment survival rate of diameter 3-5mm reaches 95%.And in annual kind of root, the root system of 3-5mm also accounts for ratio greatly.
3) improve the reproduction coefficient of kind of root.Owing to being fully used compared with radicula system, just make the seed root propagation coefficient of unit length increase.
4) shorten seedling raise period.Cuttage and seedling culture, plants root epimere germinating leaf bud, directly carries out photosynthesis, has just reduced the time of breaking through the soil from soil, and the photosynthesis of getting up early simultaneously has facilitation to root growth, promotes also to shorten seedling raise period.
Above disclosed is only some preferred embodiments of the present invention, with this, does not limit interest field of the present invention, and the equivalent variations of therefore doing according to the claims in the present invention, still belongs to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (1)
1. a great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root cuttage and seedling culture method, is characterized in that:
(1) select the suitable period of cuttage and seedling culture;
(2) preparation before cuttage and seedling culture: weeding, ploughing soil and smooth, set up drainage system, use sufficient base manure, wherein when ploughing soil and smooth preparation, select the high soil of the deep organic quality of soil layer, ploughing depth is 25cm, and removes the foreign material in soil;
(3) plant root preparation: select annual great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, excavate kind of a root, avoid damaging root skin, dug and will plant the wet sand of root covering to keep humidity;
(4) cuttage: plant a root part in soil the inside, a part is exposed in air, root segment in soil absorbs moisture and keeps the moisture content of root segment to avoid withered, be exposed to the respiration that airborne root segment is conducive to root system epidermis, promote the sprouting of new root and leaf bud, according to the diameter of kind of root, be cut into the root segment of different length, kind root more than diameter 5mm is cut into the root segment of 8cm, the kind root of diameter 3-5mm is cut into the root segment of 10cm, then by its cuttage on smooth good soil, kind of root inserts in soil top, and 2cm bassets, according to spacing in the rows 40cm and line-spacing 60cm, carry out cuttage, mu is planted 2500-3000 strain, after cuttage finishes, soil is treaded,
(5) final-period management: keep suitable humidity, weeding, the deinsectization of soil, during weeding, before the closing of fast-growing Chinese scholartree envelope row, at least weeding is twice;
Wherein: in step (1), select be specially the suitable period of cuttage and seedling culture: 10 ℃ of left and right of minimum temperature arrival later in the Spring Festival, south, the north is after spring, soil thawed; While using sufficient base manure preparation in step (2), use farmyard manure and composite fertilizer's deep placement base manure.
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| CN104429433A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 邱逸奎 | Uncaria cuttage method |
| CN104396660B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2017-04-12 | 杭州天开市政园林工程有限公司 | Method for improving branch and leaf yield of greater-leaf fast-growing cassia |
| CN104488491B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-02-22 | 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings of Hongsen pagoda trees by hard branch cutting |
| CN104380992A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Cutting method for sophora japonica var. violacea carr. |
| CN105165379A (en) * | 2015-10-24 | 2015-12-23 | 贵州省施秉县茂源生物资源开发有限公司 | Seedling growing method for rosemary |
| CN106376390A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 泗县美丽园艺农民专业合作社 | Method of root cuttage of fast-growing locust trees in greenhouse |
| CN106489554A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-03-15 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of root segment cuttage and seedling culture method of century-old raw old-age group yellow wingceltis |
| CN106613686A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | 60-year-old aged ulmus parvifolia root segment cutting seedling raising method |
| CN106922507A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-07-07 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of tilia miqueliana root cutting growth method |
| CN108834592A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-20 | 贵州众鑫农业有限公司 | A kind of short, fast-growing Chinese scholartree fibrous root propagation method |
| CN109197333A (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2019-01-15 | 泓森林业有限公司 | A kind of locust tree root method for culturing seedlings |
| CN113692906A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-26 | 滨州黄河三角洲高效生态产业现代技术研究院 | Seedling growing method suitable for rapid propagation of Chinese pear root cutting |
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| CN101803524B (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-04-27 | 北京林业大学 | Hardwood cutting propagation method for tetraploid robinia pseudoacacia |
| CN101816251B (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2012-03-28 | 北京林业大学 | Tetraploid locust cuttage breeding method |
| CN102511265A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-27 | 西北农林科技大学 | Hardwood cutting reproduction method for tetraploid robinia pseudoacacia |
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| 大叶速生槐种根育苗技术研究;钱善勤;《安徽农业科学》;20100531;第40卷(第15期);第8544页第1节-第8545页第3节 * |
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