CN104396693A - Transplanting method for big tree - Google Patents
Transplanting method for big tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396693A CN104396693A CN201410555300.6A CN201410555300A CN104396693A CN 104396693 A CN104396693 A CN 104396693A CN 201410555300 A CN201410555300 A CN 201410555300A CN 104396693 A CN104396693 A CN 104396693A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/06—Uprooting or pulling up trees; Extracting or eliminating stumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a transplanting method for a big tree. The method comprises three main steps: preparation before transplantation; transplantation; and management after transplantation. The concrete steps of the method comprise root cutting and shrinking to a root ball, nutrient and water management before transplantation, pruning before transplantation, treatment of a transplanting hole and backfilling soil, tree lifting, transporting, field planting, supporting, nutrient and water management after transplantation, pruning after transplantation, soil loosening, weeding and pest and disease control. The transplanting method for the big tree provided by the invention enables the survival rate of the transplanted big tree to increase to more than 95%, which is significantly higher than the survival rate in the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Nursery stock transplanting technical field, be specifically related to the trasplanting method of a kind of large trees.
Background technology
In urban landscaping and protection of trees work, often need to transplant large trees.So-called large tree, generally refers to the arbor species of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground at more than 15cm.But the large trees age of tree is long, and phasic development is old, and cytothesis ability is weak, and main root is flourishing, therefore easily causes transplanting rear root system undeveloped, the dehydration of tree body, nutritional deficiency, the waterlogging-resistant ability of drought resisting etc., make big tree transplanting survival rate low.
Chinese invention patent 201210160592.4 (trasplanting method of garden seedling tree), describes a kind of trasplanting method of garden seedling tree, prepare before transplanting, transplant, plant after the aspect such as to manage and protect and describe Big Trees Transplant.But it uses disposable ring-type to be completely cured in contracting of being completely cured sticks together, the root system of large tree is damaged on the whole, have impact on the absorption of trunk infusion and the sprouting of new root; Planting pit is when excessive rainfall in addition, and can not play the effect of drainage, after big tree transplanting, root system sustains damage, and when soil water-containing divides too much, easily causes root system to rot, can not survive after finally causing big tree transplanting.
In addition, the large more options of prior art, after transplant big tree, are infused to tree body, are supplemented the nutrients, although this can make up the nutrient set greatly and can not independently manufacture and absorb in migration process to a certain extent, and the meaning of eventually a little " mending the fold after the sheep is lost ".
Summary of the invention
Protection scope of the present invention, only by claims defined, any degree not limit by the statement of this joint summary of the invention.
Object of the present invention is intended to for the problems referred to above, provides a kind of big tree transplanting method of high-servival rate.
Root-growing agent of the present invention refers to plantation, cultivates forest root-inducing powder used, is a kind of compound promoting tree root to regenerate.As research institute of Beijing forest-science academy " the pitching than the base of a fruit " of producing, also known as " ABT ", be a kind of efficient spectrum root-inducing promoter, can plant establishment be promoted.
Bactericide of the present invention, insecticide and siliceous fertilizer all can select existing commercially available prod.
The invention provides the trasplanting method of a kind of large trees, comprise the following steps:
S1. prepare before transplanting
S1.1 contracting of being completely cured sticks together
Spring of 1 year or autumn before transplantation, centered by trunk, according to the order in the southeast-southwest-northwest-northeast, be the ratio of central angle by the Region dividing around trunk be the region of 3: 3: 2: 2, the end points circular arc line of two radiuses forming each region is connected to form class sector region, wherein, Due South to radius be the 7-9 of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground doubly, the radius of direct north is 3-5 times of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, other two radiuses are 5-7 times of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, on circular arc, any point is not less than the length of one less in two radiuses in this region to the distance in the center of circle, first choose a central angle and account for the class sector region that the class sector region of 2 parts and central angle account for 3 parts, the annular ditch of wide 30-40cm, dark 55-65cm is excavated at its circular arc place, radicula in ditch is all cut off, when running into thicker root, shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw is used to cut off along the inwall of ditch, diameter is greater than to the root of 5cm, do not do and cut off process but doing band girdle process along the inwall of ditch, the wide 1cm in band girdle place, and spray root-growing agent and inspire new root, after handling well, backfill loam and compaction in layers, regularly water, after 6 months, the circular arc place that the class sector region of 2 parts and another central angle account for the class sector region of 3 parts is accounted for another central angle and carries out same process,
Nutrition and water management before S1.2 transplants
Transplant first 6 months, to wanting transplanting nutrient solution, monthly 1-2 time; Transplant first 48 hours, water with nutrient solution flood; Transplant first 1 hour, to foliage spray transpiration inhibitor;
S1.3 prunes before transplanting
Pruning will be carried out cutting according to tree characteristics and cuts, deciduous tree is generally cut to 1/3 ~ 1/2 of complete crown,, tree crown very fast for growth recovers to be easy to Chinese scholartree, maple, elm, willow etc. and goes to be preced with heavy pruning, should tree crown be kept complete to aiphyllium as far as possible, only suitable pruning be done to some withered branches, overstocked branch and dry skirt branch; No matter heavy pruning or light pruning, contracting are cut, and otch all should be kept level and smooth, and clip plastic film, vaseline, paraffin or plant application-specific wounds are coated with tonic encapsulating;
S1.4 transplants cave and backfill soil process
Transplanting cave was dug in 3-5 days before transplanting, the size of transplanting cave should depending on roots oxidizing, the shape of transplanting cave is inverted "convex" shape, wherein the degree of depth of the bottom of inverted "convex" shape is 20cm-30cm, the dark 40-60cm of depth ratio soil ball on the top of inverted "convex" shape, its width 35-45cm wider than the maximum gauge of native ball, the top of inverted "convex" shape is in the same size up and down, the table soil dug out and middle subsoil are removed stone or building waste, separately spread airing as backfill soil, to bottom transplanting cave and surrounding and backfill soil spraying fungicide and insecticide;
S2. transplant
S2.1 digs seedling
Before excavation, mark is carried out at the sunny slope of trunk, outwards cut the earth at the outer 3-5cm place of annular ditch during pick seedling, excavate vertically downward, the height of soil ball should be not less than 2/3 of native ball maximum gauge, a half of height repaiied by soil ball, axis slowly to trunk place shrinks, the lower radius of soil ball is not less than 1/4 of maximum upper radius, be not more than 1/3 of maximum upper radius, when running into thicker root, with handsaw along Tu Qiubi to internal cutting off, at the section spraying fungicide of root, after soil ball digs out, the blade of chitosan aqueous solution is had to wrap up native ball with sprinkling, and wrap up with straw rope,
S2.2 transports
Select suitable means of transport according to tree diameters and tree crown size, wrap up straw rope at the position that trunk contacts with means of transport, then at straw rope outer cladding foamed plastic, in transit, trunk and native ball water spray will be given in time;
S2.3 field planting
Drainage layer is laid in the bottom of transplanting cave in inverted "convex" shape, thickness is as the criterion with the bottom filling up inverted "convex" shape transplanting cave, on drainage layer, laying depth is nutrition soil layer and the 15-20cm soil layer of 20-30cm successively afterwards, wherein the composition of Nutrition Soil is farmyard manure and transplant the middle subsoil that digs out in the cave weight ratio Homogeneous phase mixing with 1: 1, transplant in cave according to mark by setting greatly to be positioned at, remove straw rope and the foamed plastic of parcel trunk, 1/3 of native ball height is backfilled to middle subsoil, pour water to transplanting 1/2 of cave, cut off straw rope, continue to banket to original soil trace, compacting, the low bank of earth between fields of a 20-30cm is built in transplanting cave outer rim, water a flood,
S2.4 supports
Adopt support to fix trunk, can remove after 1-2;
S3. management after transplanting
Nutrition and water management after S3.1 transplants
During dry season, transplant after within 3-5 days, waters a root-growing agent, watered a water every 9-12 days later, be aided with the front blade face of sunset and trunk spraying until tree survive; During rainy season, excavate drain ditch, prevent ponding; First Year after big tree transplanting does not apply fertilizer, and spray siliceous fertilizer to leaf, continuous three times, every minor tick 7-10 days, Second Year can execute 2-3 farmyard manure;
S3.2 prunes after transplanting
Timely combing deadwood, the wound of pruning sprays or smears bactericide; After trees rudiment, pruning removing growing way is weak, the inappropriate tender shoots in position or sprout;
S3.3 loosens the soil, weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests
The weeds occurred around trees, remove in time, individual month of 1-2 after tree grafting growth, and observe and transplant cave soil, harden if occur, should loosen the soil in time, the degree of depth of loosening the soil is 5-7cm, and the root newly sprouted not hurt trees is advisable; During big tree transplanting and after transplanting, will sterilize in time, spray or smear bactericide the wound that it occurs, pre-preventing disease and pest, survive period at great Shu, according to tree characteristics and damage by disease and insect regularity of occurrence and development, diligent inspection, thoroughly administers in time.
Preferably, the vertical section shape that described inverted "convex" shape transplants the bottom in cave is the one in arc, triangle, rectangle, square, trapezoidal, pentagon, hexagon.
Preferably, the thickness of described drainage layer is exceed inverted "convex" shape to transplant the bottom 5-10cm in cave, and on drainage layer, laying depth is the nutrition soil layer of 18-28cm and thickness is successively the soil layer of 12-17cm.
Preferably, described drainage layer is not more than one in the rubble of 5cm or ceramic particle by coarse sand, diameter or its combination is formed.
Preferably, described drainage layer is made up of ceramic particle.
Preferably, the composition of described nutrient solution is 100 parts, water by weight, indolebutyric acid 0.005-0.01 part, glucose 2.5-4.5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.006-0.009 part, sodium nitrate 0.0015-0.002 part, four water-calcium nitrate 0.02-0.03 part, epsom salt 0.015-0.02 part, four water manganese sulphate 0.001-0.002 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.0018-0.002 part, white vitriol 0.0015-0.0017 part, boric acid 0.0016-0.0018 part, four water manganese sulphate 0.0016-0.0018 parts, anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.0015-0.0017, mix, dilution 300-500 doubly uses.
Preferably, the composition of described nutrient solution is 100 parts, water by weight, indolebutyric acid 0.008 part, glucose 3 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.009 part, 0.0015 part, sodium nitrate, four water-calcium nitrate 0.03 part, epsom salt 0.018 part, four water manganese sulphates 0.0015 part, ammonium molybdate 0.0018 part, white vitriol 0.0015 part, boric acid 0.0016 part, four water manganese sulphates 0.0016 part, anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.0016, mixes, and dilutes 400 times of uses.
Preferably, it is the shitosan of 0.1-1% and the urea of 0.1-0.5% that described chitosan aqueous solution contains mass percent.
Preferably, it is the shitosan of 1% and the urea of 0.5% that described chitosan aqueous solution contains mass percent.
The trasplanting method of large trees provided by the invention, be completely cured by gradation subregion, Ensure Liquid liquid before transplanting, the blade of shitosan is had to wrap up native ball with sprinkling, use the transplanting cave of inverted "convex" shape, the measures such as the setting of drainage layer and sprinkling siliceous fertilizer, farthest can keep setting greatly the nutrition in migration process and after transplanting and moisture, and the object of taking precautions against drought with disease and insect resistance can be reached, improve the survival rate of big tree transplanting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the contracting of being completely cured of method of the present invention sticks together the vertical view that trunk peripheral region divides in step;
Fig. 2 is the distribution schematic diagram of drainage layer, nutrition soil layer and soil layer in the transplanting cave of method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, set forth the present invention further.
The transplanting of large tree is carried out in the present embodiment according to following steps:
S1. prepare before transplanting
S1.1 contracting of being completely cured sticks together
The successful key of big tree transplanting is the number of the Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry comprised in be with native ball, spring of 1 year or autumn before transplantation, centered by trunk, according to the order in the southeast-southwest-northwest-northeast, be the ratio of central angle by the Region dividing around trunk be the region of 3: 3: 2: 2, the end points circular arc line of two radiuses forming each region is connected to form class sector region, wherein, Due South to radius R 1 be the 7-9 of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground doubly, the radius R 2 of direct north is 3-5 times of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, other two radius Rs 3 are 5-7 times of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, on circular arc, any point is not less than the length of one less in two radiuses in this region to the distance in the center of circle.Fig. 1 is the vertical view that in the present embodiment, class sector region divides.As shown in Figure 1, according to the order in the southeast-southwest-northwest-northeast, the central angle of four class sector regions is followed successively by 108 °, 108 °, 72 ° and 72 °, first choose a central angle and account for the class sector region that the class sector region of 2 parts (namely central angle is 72 °) and central angle account for 3 parts (namely central angle is 108 °), wide 30-40cm is excavated at its circular arc place, the annular ditch of dark 55-65cm, radicula in ditch is all cut off, when running into thicker root, shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw is used to cut off along the inwall of ditch, diameter is greater than to the root of 5cm, do not do and cut off process but inwall along ditch does band girdle process, the wide 1cm in band girdle place, and spray root-growing agent and inspire new root, after handling well, backfill loam and compaction in layers, regularly water, after 6 months, the circular arc place that the class sector region of 2 parts (namely central angle is 72 °) and another central angle account for the class sector region of 3 parts (namely central angle is 108 °) is accounted for another central angle and carries out same process,
Like this, a large amount of fibrous roots can be sprouted at the root of ditch internal cutting off, band girdle process, play the object contracting and stick together, on the other hand, because the photosynthesis of the southeast and southwestern orientation branches and leaves is strong, the root system of underground is also more flourishing compared with the orientation of north orientation, in order to reach the balance of wood underground part (Root Absorption inorganic nutrients and moisture) and trees acrial part (branches and leaves water transpiration and photosynthesis), the root in the orientation that faced south in the southeast and two, southwest cuts off at twice, can a side (such as orientation, the southeast) be cut off for while sprouting new root wherein, the root of the opposing party (such as southwestern orientation) can absorb enough moisture and the mineral salt photosynthesis for supply place upper part, nutrient (the inorganic nutrients needed for trees entirety is farthest maintained with this, organic oxidation, moisture), prevent from south orientation root system all being cut off simultaneously and cause trees nutrient not enough, simultaneously, when distributing cut-out region, be to divide at 3: 3: 2: 2 according to the order in the southeast-southwest-northwest-northeast with the ratio of central angle, be strong according to the photosynthesis in the southeast, two orientation, southwest, reach the object of the balance of wood underground part and acrial part with this, and half path length in other three orientation of the radius ratio in orientation, due south, can ensure to the full extent can be many as much as possible with Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry in the scope of native ball, improve survival rate,
Nutrition and water management before S1.2 transplants
Transplant first 6 months, to wanting transplanting nutrient solution, monthly 1-2 time; Transplant first 48 hours, water with nutrient solution flood; Transplant first 1 hour, to foliage spray transpiration inhibitor;
Wherein, the composition of nutrient solution is 100 parts, water by weight, indolebutyric acid 0.005-0.01 part, glucose 2.5-4.5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.006-0.009 part, sodium nitrate 0.0015-0.002 part, four water-calcium nitrate 0.02-0.03 part, epsom salt 0.015-0.02 part, four water manganese sulphate 0.001-0.002 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.0018-0.002 part, white vitriol 0.0015-0.0017 part, boric acid 0.0016-0.0018 part, four water manganese sulphate 0.0016-0.0018 parts, anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.0015-0.0017, mixes, and dilution 300-500 doubly uses; The composition of nutrient solution is preferably 100 parts, water, indolebutyric acid 0.008 part, glucose 3 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.009 part, 0.0015 part, sodium nitrate, four water-calcium nitrate 0.03 part, epsom salt 0.018 part, four water manganese sulphates 0.0015 part, ammonium molybdate 0.0018 part, white vitriol 0.0015 part, boric acid 0.0016 part, four water manganese sulphates 0.0016 part, anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.0016, mix, dilute 400 times of uses; The indolebutyric acid wherein contained can induce the formation of root substance, promotes Cell Differentiation and division, and be conducive to new root and generate and fascicular differentiation, the sprouting that glucose is root system provides energy, and other components can provide arboreal growth necessary element;
Before transplantation trees are had additional nutrients, to reach the object storing more multiple nutrient matter in trees, even if like this trees transportation and absorb in a period of time after transplanting and manufacture nutritional capacity more weak time consume nutrient, also enough keep the vitality of trees, improve survival rate;
S1.3 prunes before transplanting
Pruning will be carried out cutting according to tree characteristics and cuts, and deciduous tree is generally cut to 1/3 ~ 1/2 of complete crown; , tree crown very fast for growth recovers to be easy to Chinese scholartree, maple, elm, willow etc. and goes to be preced with heavy pruning; Should tree crown be kept complete to aiphyllium as far as possible, only suitable pruning be done to some withered branches, overstocked branch and dry skirt branch; No matter heavy pruning or light pruning, contracting are cut, and otch all should be kept level and smooth, and clip can use plastic film, vaseline, paraffin or plant application-specific wounds to be coated with tonic and encapsulate;
S1.4 transplants cave and backfill soil process
Transplanting cave was dug in 3-5 days before transplanting, the size of transplanting cave should depending on roots oxidizing, the shape of transplanting cave is inverted "convex" shape, wherein the degree of depth of the bottom of inverted "convex" shape is 20cm-30cm, its vertical section shape is arc, triangle, rectangle, square, trapezoidal, pentagon, one in hexagon, the dark 40-60cm of depth ratio soil ball on the top of inverted "convex" shape, its width 35-45cm wider than the maximum gauge of native ball, the top of inverted "convex" shape is in the same size up and down, native and middle for the table dug out subsoil removing stone or building waste are separately spread airing as backfill soil, to bottom transplanting cave and surrounding and backfill soil spraying fungicide and insecticide, inverted "convex" shape is made in transplanting cave, and makes compared with rectangle, more time saving and energy saving,
S2. transplant
S2.1 digs seedling
Before excavation, mark is carried out at the sunny slope of trunk, outwards cut the earth at the outer 3-5cm place of annular ditch during pick seedling, excavate vertically downward, the height of soil ball should be not less than 2/3 of native ball maximum gauge, a half of height repaiied by soil ball, axis slowly to trunk place shrinks, the lower radius of soil ball is not less than 1/4 of maximum upper radius, be not more than 1/3 of maximum upper radius, when running into thicker root, with handsaw along Tu Qiubi to internal cutting off, at the section spraying fungicide of root, after soil ball digs out, the blade of chitosan aqueous solution is had to wrap up native ball with sprinkling, and wrap up with straw rope, wherein chitosan aqueous solution contains mass fraction is the shitosan of 0.1-1% and the urea of 0.1-0.5%, preferably containing mass fraction is the shitosan of 1% and the urea of 0.5%,
Shitosan can suppress growth of pathogenic bacteria and breeding, and air permeable humidity retaining, can prevent a large amount of dehydration in transportation of native ball, meanwhile, it has good biocompatibility and degradability, is the organic manure of high-quality, can absorbs for trees after its degraded;
S2.2 transports
Select suitable means of transport according to tree diameters and tree crown size, wrap up straw rope at the position that trunk contacts with means of transport, then at straw rope outer cladding foamed plastic, in transit, trunk and native ball water spray will be given in time;
S2.3 field planting
In Jiang great Shu definite value before transplanting cave, drainage layer is laid in the bottom of transplanting cave in inverted "convex" shape, thickness is as the criterion with the bottom filling up inverted "convex" shape transplanting cave, and on drainage layer, laying depth is nutrition soil layer and the 15-20cm soil layer of 20-30cm successively afterwards, as shown in Figure 2; When the rainwater transplanting ground is more sufficient, the thickness of drainage layer can be set to exceed the bottom 5-10cm that inverted "convex" shape transplants cave, on drainage layer, laying depth is the nutrition soil layer of 18-28cm and thickness successively is afterwards the soil layer of 12-17cm, the composition of nutrition soil layer is farmyard manure and transplant the middle subsoil that digs out in the cave weight ratio Homogeneous phase mixing with 1: 1, preferably, drainage layer is not more than one in the rubble of 5cm or ceramic particle by coarse sand, diameter or its combination is formed, preferred, drainage layer is made up of ceramic particle;
Mark according to sunny slope is transplanted in cave by setting greatly to be positioned at, make large tree towards consistent as far as possible with former orientation of planting ground, remove straw rope and the foamed plastic of parcel trunk, be backfilled to 1/3 of native ball height with middle subsoil, pour water to transplanting 1/2 of cave, cutting off straw rope, continue to banket to original soil trace, compacting, builds the low bank of earth between fields of a 20-30cm, waters a flood in transplanting cave outer rim;
Increase drainage layer, can excessive rainfall be prevented, or the transplanting cave soil moisture content that pouring is excessively caused is accidentally too much, prevent the root system do not healed from rotting, cause trees not survive; Add nutrition soil layer, the nutrition needed for trees growth can be provided, and root system can be induced to grow to depths;
S2.4 supports
Adopt support to fix trunk, can remove after 1-2, the fixing means of support can select existing fixing means, such as three-pole bracket fixation etc.;
S3. management after transplanting
Nutrition and water management after S3.1 transplants
During dry season, transplant after within 3-5 days, waters a root-growing agent, watered a water every 9-12 days later, be aided with the front blade face of sunset and trunk spraying until tree survive; During rainy season, excavate drain ditch, prevent ponding; First Year after big tree transplanting does not apply fertilizer, and spray siliceous fertilizer to leaf, continuous three times, every minor tick 7-10 days, Second Year can execute 2-3 farmyard manure; Applying silicon fertilizer can help trees to improve photosynthesis, can strengthen plant disease-resistant worm ability;
S3.2 prunes after transplanting
Timely combing deadwood, the wound of pruning should spray or smear bactericide; After trees rudiment, pruning removing growing way is weak, the inappropriate tender shoots in position or sprout;
S3.3 loosens the soil, weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests
The weeds occurred around trees, remove in time, individual month of 1-2 after tree grafting growth, and observe and transplant cave soil, harden if occur, should loosen the soil in time, the degree of depth of loosening the soil is 5-7cm, and the root newly sprouted not hurt trees is advisable; During big tree transplanting and after transplanting, will sterilize in time, spray or smear bactericide the wound that it occurs, pre-preventing disease and pest, survive period at great Shu, according to tree characteristics and damage by disease and insect regularity of occurrence and development, diligent inspection, thoroughly administers in time.
Through experiment, use the large tree that the trasplanting method of the large trees of the present invention is transplanted, survival rate can be increased to more than 95%, apparently higher than existing survival rate, decreases economic loss, is beneficial to afforestation and the protection of trees.In addition, even if do not use trasplanting method of the present invention and only use the nutrient solution that the present invention relates to before transplantation, the transplanting success of large trees can also be significantly improved.
The present invention can summarize with other the concrete form without prejudice to spirit of the present invention or principal character.Therefore, no matter from which point, above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention all can only be thought explanation of the present invention and can not limit the present invention, claims indicate scope of the present invention, and scope of the present invention is not pointed out in above-mentioned explanation, therefore, be any change in the implication that claims of the present invention are suitable and scope, all should think to be included in the scope of claims.
Claims (9)
1. a trasplanting method for large trees, comprises the following steps:
S1. prepare before transplanting
S1.1 contracting of being completely cured sticks together
Spring of 1 year or autumn before transplantation, centered by trunk, according to the order in the southeast-southwest-northwest-northeast, be the ratio of central angle by the Region dividing around trunk be the region of 3: 3: 2: 2, the end points circular arc line of two radiuses forming each region is connected to form class sector region, wherein, Due South to radius be the 7-9 of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground doubly, the radius of direct north is 3-5 times of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, other two radiuses are 5-7 times of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, on circular arc, any point is not less than the length of one less in two radiuses in this region to the distance in the center of circle, first choose a central angle and account for the class sector region that the class sector region of 2 parts and central angle account for 3 parts, the annular ditch of wide 30-40cm, dark 55-65cm is excavated at its circular arc place, radicula in ditch is all cut off, when running into thicker root, shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw is used to cut off along the inwall of ditch, diameter is greater than to the root of 5cm, do not do and cut off process but doing band girdle process along the inwall of ditch, the wide 1cm in band girdle place, and spray root-growing agent and inspire new root, after handling well, backfill loam and compaction in layers, regularly water, after 6 months, the circular arc place that the class sector region of 2 parts and another central angle account for the class sector region of 3 parts is accounted for another central angle and carries out same process,
Nutrition and water management before S1.2 transplants
Transplant first 6 months, to wanting transplanting nutrient solution, monthly 1-2 time; Transplant first 48 hours, water with nutrient solution flood; Transplant first 1 hour, to foliage spray transpiration inhibitor;
S1.3 prunes before transplanting
Pruning will be carried out cutting according to tree characteristics and cuts, deciduous tree is generally cut to 1/3 ~ 1/2 of complete crown,, tree crown very fast for growth recovers to be easy to Chinese scholartree, maple, elm, willow etc. and goes to be preced with heavy pruning, should tree crown be kept complete to aiphyllium as far as possible, only suitable pruning be done to some withered branches, overstocked branch and dry skirt branch; No matter heavy pruning or light pruning, contracting are cut, and otch all should be kept level and smooth, and clip plastic film, vaseline, paraffin or plant application-specific wounds are coated with tonic encapsulating;
S1.4 transplants cave and backfill soil process
Transplanting cave was dug in 3-5 days before transplanting, the size of transplanting cave should depending on roots oxidizing, the shape of transplanting cave is inverted "convex" shape, wherein the degree of depth of the bottom of inverted "convex" shape is 20cm-30cm, the dark 40-60cm of depth ratio soil ball on the top of inverted "convex" shape, its width 35-45cm wider than the maximum gauge of native ball, the top of inverted "convex" shape is in the same size up and down, the table soil dug out and middle subsoil are removed stone or building waste, separately spread airing as backfill soil, to bottom transplanting cave and surrounding and backfill soil spraying fungicide and insecticide;
S2. transplant
S2.1 digs seedling
Before excavation, mark is carried out at the sunny slope of trunk, outwards cut the earth at the outer 3-5cm place of annular ditch during pick seedling, excavate vertically downward, the height of soil ball should be not less than 2/3 of native ball maximum gauge, a half of height repaiied by soil ball, axis slowly to trunk place shrinks, the lower radius of soil ball is not less than 1/4 of maximum upper radius, be not more than 1/3 of maximum upper radius, when running into thicker root, with handsaw along Tu Qiubi to internal cutting off, at the section spraying fungicide of root, after soil ball digs out, the blade of chitosan aqueous solution is had to wrap up native ball with sprinkling, and wrap up with straw rope,
S2.2 transports
Select suitable means of transport according to tree diameters and tree crown size, wrap up straw rope at the position that trunk contacts with means of transport, then at straw rope outer cladding foamed plastic, in transit, trunk and native ball water spray will be given in time;
S2.3 field planting
Drainage layer is laid in the bottom of transplanting cave in inverted "convex" shape, thickness is as the criterion with the bottom filling up inverted "convex" shape transplanting cave, on drainage layer, laying depth is nutrition soil layer and the 15-20cm soil layer of 20-30cm successively afterwards, wherein the composition of Nutrition Soil is farmyard manure and transplant the middle subsoil that digs out in the cave weight ratio Homogeneous phase mixing with 1: 1, transplant in cave according to mark by setting greatly to be positioned at, remove straw rope and the foamed plastic of parcel trunk, 1/3 of native ball height is backfilled to middle subsoil, pour water to transplanting 1/2 of cave, cut off straw rope, continue to banket to original soil trace, compacting, the low bank of earth between fields of a 20-30cm is built in transplanting cave outer rim, water a flood,
S2.4 supports
Adopt support to fix trunk, can remove after 1-2;
S3. management after transplanting
Nutrition and water management after S3.1 transplants
During dry season, transplant after within 3-5 days, waters a root-growing agent, watered a water every 9-12 days later, be aided with the front blade face of sunset and trunk spraying until tree survive; During rainy season, excavate drain ditch, prevent ponding; First Year after big tree transplanting does not apply fertilizer, and spray siliceous fertilizer to leaf, continuous three times, every minor tick 7-10 days, Second Year can execute 2-3 farmyard manure;
S3.2 prunes after transplanting
Timely combing deadwood, the wound of pruning sprays or smears bactericide; After trees rudiment, prune weak, the inappropriate tender shoots in position of removing growing way or sprout;
S3.3 loosens the soil, weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests
The weeds occurred around trees, remove in time, individual month of 1-2 after tree grafting growth, and observe and transplant cave soil, harden if occur, should loosen the soil in time, the degree of depth of loosening the soil is 5-7cm, and the root newly sprouted not hurt trees is advisable; During big tree transplanting and after transplanting, will sterilize in time, spray or smear bactericide the wound that it occurs, pre-preventing disease and pest, survive period at great Shu, according to tree characteristics and damage by disease and insect regularity of occurrence and development, diligent inspection, thoroughly administers in time.
2. the trasplanting method of large trees according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the vertical section shape that described inverted "convex" shape transplants the bottom in cave is the one in arc, triangle, rectangle, square, trapezoidal, pentagon, hexagon.
3. the trasplanting method of large trees according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the thickness of described drainage layer is exceed inverted "convex" shape to transplant the bottom 5-10cm in cave, and on drainage layer, laying depth is the nutrition soil layer of 18-28cm and thickness is successively the soil layer of 12-17cm.
4. the trasplanting method of the large trees according to claims 1 to 3 any one, is characterized in that, described drainage layer is not more than one in the rubble of 5cm or ceramic particle by coarse sand, diameter or its combination is formed.
5. the trasplanting method of large trees according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described drainage layer is made up of ceramic particle.
6. the trasplanting method of the large trees according to claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that, the composition of described nutrient solution is 100 parts, water by weight, indolebutyric acid 0.005-0.01 part, glucose 2.5-4.5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.006-0.009 part, sodium nitrate 0.0015-0.002 part, four water-calcium nitrate 0.02-0.03 part, epsom salt 0.015-0.02 part, four water manganese sulphate 0.001-0.002 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.0018-0.002 part, white vitriol 0.0015-0.0017 part, boric acid 0.0016-0.0018 part, four water manganese sulphate 0.0016-0.0018 parts, anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.0015-0.0017, mix, dilution 300-500 doubly uses.
7. the trasplanting method of large trees according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the composition of described nutrient solution is 100 parts, water by weight, indolebutyric acid 0.008 part, glucose 3 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.009 part, 0.0015 part, sodium nitrate, four water-calcium nitrate 0.03 part, epsom salt 0.018 part, four water manganese sulphates 0.0015 part, ammonium molybdate 0.0018 part, white vitriol 0.0015 part, boric acid 0.0016 part, four water manganese sulphates 0.0016 part, anhydrous cupric sulfate 0.0016, mix, dilute 400 times of uses.
8. the trasplanting method of large trees according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is the shitosan of 0.1-1% and the urea of 0.1-0.5% that described chitosan aqueous solution contains mass percent.
9. the trasplanting method of large trees according to claim 8, is characterized in that, it is the shitosan of 1% and the urea of 0.5% that described chitosan aqueous solution contains mass percent.
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