CN102657061A - Transplantation method for garden seedlings - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transplantation method for garden seedlings, and relates to the technical field of seedling transplantation. According to the invention, the significance of big-tree transplantation in garden greening is mainly elaborated, and a big-tree transplantation technique is introduced from the aspects of preparation before transplantation, transplantation, management and maintenance after transplantation, and contradictions existing in big-tree transplantation, thereby providing a technical reference for a purpose that big trees can be applied to garden greening better. The method disclosed by the invention is simple, effectively improves the survival rate of transplanted big trees, and solves the contradictions existing in big-tree transplantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Nursery stock transplanting technical field, be specifically related to the trasplanting method of a kind of gardens seedling art.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of urban construction fast development and afforestation level; The big tree transplanting technology is applied to improve urban ecological environment and greenery patches view more and more at large, improve aspect such as urban afforestation quality; But long owing to the big tree age of tree, main root is flourishing, former vegetatively with reasons such as the difference of transplanting the ground land occupation condition, injured, the tree body dehydration of root system in the process of excavating, maintenance management level is not in place, cause big tree transplanting survival rate to be restricted.
The contradiction that big tree transplanting exists, so-called big tree generally is meant the arbor species of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 15cm, mainly there is the contradiction of 3 aspects in big tree transplanting.
(1) absorbs the distribution of root and the contradiction of native ball.According to trees life cycle Changing Pattern; Big tree root system is in the eccentric growth trend or has reached the maximum root width of cloth, and most absorption root mainly is distributed near the tree crown projection, the how centrifugal death of absorption root in key foundation portion; And because construction and mechanical force quantitative limitation; Therefore the soil ball can not be too big during big tree transplanting, and in can the scope with native ball, it be minimum to absorb root.
(2) contradiction of the damage of root system, tree crown and regeneration.Because the restriction of native ball, during big tree transplanting, the damage of root system is unavoidable; And excessive tree crown also is great difficulty for the transplanting of trees; Again because big tree is older, and phasic development is old, the regeneration capacity of its cell a little less than; So it is slow that root system, tree crown recover, the generating ability of Xin Gen and branch a little less than.
(3) the balance contradiction of acrial part and under ground portion.Especially water balance contradiction, this point also is most important.Moisture is the key factor that becomes to live behind the big tree transplanting, and this mainly shows 2 aspects, i.e. suction of underground root system and the transpiration of tree crown on the ground.Because the restriction of native ball, behind the big tree transplanting, the absorption root is few and new root generation is slow, and in order to make big tree bring into play afforestation effect as early as possible and to keep original graceful attitude, acrial part should not be pruned overweight, so the tree crown transpiration by force, and when drought in summer high temperature, contradiction is particularly outstanding.Therefore grasping the big tree transplanting technology just seems extremely important.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to improve a kind of simple to operate, the trasplanting method of the gardens seedling art that survival rate is high.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
The trasplanting method of a kind of gardens seedling art is characterized in that: comprise following method step,
One. prepare before transplanting
1.. data is prepared: the seeds of need confirming to transplant, the age of tree, field planting time, over the years the maintenance management situation, at present growing state, send out a branch ability, damage by disease and insect situation, root growth situation, arboreal growth and planting site ambient conditions, whether the spacing of grasping trees and building, trolley line, symbiosis trees possesses the soil property of construction, lifting, traffic condition and planting site, subterranean water level, underground utilities ambient conditions;
2.. formulate the transplanting scheme: based on the data of investigation grasp before transplanting; Formulate the transplanting scheme, its main contents are: planting season, be completely cured contract stick together, pruning method and pruning rate, dig the cave, play tree, transportation, planting technology is with requirement, support and fix, material, facility, maintenance management;
3.. being completely cured contracts sticks together: the big tree transplanting success or not, and play pick, a handling, plant and plant back maintenance management technology substantial connection is arranged, but depend mainly on institute with what (absorb root and are meant radicula) that absorb root in the native ball scope, in nearly 5 years not through transplanting or cut the big tree of root; Must be the center with the trunk transplanting spring the previous year or autumn, be that radius is drawn a circle with 3 times of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, excavates the groove of wide 40cm, dark 50 ~ 70cm in the periphery of justifying; Radicula in the ditch is all cut off, during excavation,, use sharp shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw and cut off like thicker root; Make it with ditch in inwall flush, and keep 2 thick roots and do not cut off, with thick root portion ringing, wide 1cm (can keep its absorbent function and fixing tree body in ditch; In order to avoid blown down by strong wind), after ditch digs, insert fertile loam compacting; Regularly water, can germinate a large amount of fibrous roots, dwindle native ball thereby reach at the root of ditch internal cutting off, band girdle; Reduce native nodule number amount, inspire fibrous root, improve the purpose of survival rate;
4.. prune: must prune before the big tree transplanting, to reduce the evaporation of original moisture in the tree body, pruning will be cut according to tree characteristics and cut, and seeds that rudiment power is strong such as poplar, willow, Chinese scholartree, Chinese toon, plane tree, paulownia etc. can keep trunk and carry out heavy pruning; Bough is clipped 2/3 of length, cut and can recover tree vigo(u)r quickly after cutting, the weak seeds of rudiment power answer light pruning, like conifer, ginkgo etc.; Behind the major branch cutting back of ginkgo, the sleeping bud lateral growth of its sprouting, or the young sprout of sprouting is not followed former crotch angle growth, tree-like disorder; In case the Chinese pine terminal bud is hindered, just can not upwards grow forever, so these type of seeds will not destroyed under the prerequisite of terminal bud in assurance, suitably prune off; Can not carry out cutting back, should dredge and remove the overstocked bough of interior thorax and thin and weak, sick branch, help becoming to live and keeping tree-like, evergreen broad-leaved takes to shrink the method for tree crown; Clip peripheral branch, suitably dredge and remove the inner unnecessary weak branch of tree crown, stay strong germinating branch more, pruning rate can reach 1/5 ~ 3/5; The big tree of bare root transplanting hinders that root is heavy, dehydration is many, answers heavy pruning to cut, band stick together transplant to hinder root lighter, answer light pruning to cut; No matter take heavy pruning to cut or the method that light pruning cuts, all should keep otch level and smooth, will paint the incision of clipping bough; Also available plastic sack is saw kerf wrapping 3 ~ 5cm at the branch top, to reduce water evaporates, improves survival rate;
5.. dig pit: will planting pit be dug before transplanting, the size in hole should be looked the root system diameter and decided, and adheres to big root hollow place; The general degree of depth is than naked or the dark 10 ~ 15cm of the root that sticks together, the big 30cm of transverse diameter, and the size up and down of tree well wants consistent; To pick if any stone or building waste etc.; If field planting soil is poor,, need carry out soil removal and replacement and suitably fertilising for guaranteeing that the big one-tenth of setting is alive and better growing conditions is arranged;
Two. transplant
1.. transplant time: in " when the kind tree is no, tree being known ", trees sensory paralyses; Be exactly the best opportunity that trees are transplanted, the Best Times of big tree transplanting is before spring, branch germinateed, promptly clear and bright front and back; Because at this moment resin flows slowly and trees are in hibernation, its physiological activity is in slowly even dead state, at this moment; Though it is slow that the trees acrial part is grown, root system of plant still is in active state, and this moment, transplanting helped the tree root recovery; Autumn is portable also, but transplantation effect is good not as spring, gets into resting stage very soon because transplant the back trees autumn; And to suffer unfavourable weather, environment and man's activity easily through a winter, increased the weight of the maintenance task;
2.. rise and dig: rising when digging of bare root transplanting will have been excavated the plane ditch in the periphery of former annular groove, prevents in primitive groove, to play plane, in order to avoid the newborn radicula of damaging; After playing the plane ditch and deep-cutting that big root is sawed-off and will set greatly and push down to 30 °, the short wooden stake root of bottom is broken apart by chopping, how many soil zones stays what between root; Do not add the artificial removal, the plane method that rises that being with sticks together transplants is the same with naked plane, in order to prevent diffusing sticking together in shipment; To before playing plane, water; Will putting in order after digging sticks together and twine with the straw rope that soaked water sticks together, and tightly wrap sternly, twines to lose soil degree of being;
3.. transport: excavate the back and select means of transportation according to diameter, if can not artificially load and transport, should adopt the machinery shipment, the big tree of transplantation with soil will protect native ball in the transportation, and fragmentation is scattered, and will prevent bark and branch damaged simultaneously;
4.. orientation: big tree transplanting, the direction of planting is very important, go into the hole and be sure not to turn to when planting, otherwise big tree is prone to withered; Main cause is that trees grow up to big tree by seedling under field conditions (factors), and direction of the environment around having adapted to, its survival, growth becomes for many years, the suffered light of all directions, heat, water,, condition such as magnetic difference to some extent, the different parts of trees has also just formed different traits and habit; Trees the south receives to shine upon more, and temperature is higher than north, and leaf is luxuriant, and bark is more smooth; Annual ring is broad also, and north is blown by using cold wind in winter, and branch is less, also more coarse split of bark more; During transplanting, if the male and female face counter-rotating, the back originally is in case the Chaoyang; The cortex of trunk can ftracture or stream wound (being that resin flows out from the crack) takes place because of the solar radiation of grow suddenly, even so at that time can transplanting survival, also can be because of the new environmental condition of incompatibility can not normal growth; Or stream is serious and dead due to wound, therefore, and when transplant big tree; Must marked, keep original towards, become to live and normal growth to protect;
5.. plant: bare root transplanting, Jiang Dashu moves and is put in the planting pit, finds accurately towards setting upright and plants directly earth filling tamping; Carry out bigger tree dish, water big flood immediately 1 time, band sticks together and transplants, and pours water in the hole earlier before planting and cheats dark 3/4; Add topsoil then, stir into starchiness, again the band big tree that sticks together is hung in tree well with crane with spade, by telltale mark find accurately towards; And will set body and hold up directly, receive lifting rope again after supporting with rod, after going into the hole, big tree to park tens minutes, and let mud be immersed in the Tu Tuo crack of possibility spallation in the shipment; After letting pulp-water immerse Tu Tuo, cut off straw rope, it is scattered in the mud between Tu Tuo and the hole wall, carry out grave mound with scissors;
Three. the main maintenance management behind the big tree transplanting
1.. water management: moisture is the key factor that the restriction trees become to live, and is behind the big tree transplanting, because root system and tree crown is injured, more responsive to moisture; Therefore new water management of transplanting big tree is the main measure of maintenance management, and this comprises the following aspects: at first, carry out the work of preserving moisture of acrial part, used method has tree crown water spray (comprising drip irrigation), shades, is responsible for a task until it is completed and uses evaporation suppressor etc. usually; Water spray should adopt sprayer or spray gun, directly sprays to tree crown or tree crown top, lets water droplet drop on the branches and leaves, and water spray can carry out up at 16 o'clock in afternoon in the morning 10; Whenever at a distance from 1 ~ 2h spray 1 time, also the some places way is to set up A-frame in tree crown the south, and a rainer that is higher than tree crown 1m is installed, as far as possible the furnishing spray water; Because summer, autumn are blown south wind mostly, being installed in the south can make the trunk leaf keep moistening often to the tree crown water spray, has also increased the humidity around the tree; And reduced temperature, and having reduced the consumption of limited moisture, nutrient in the trees body, the method for drip irrigation is similar to hangs salt solution, promptly takes a tripod on the tree side; Hang a water butt above, beat some holes in the bucket bottom, plastic tube is fixed on the hole, the other end of pipe is shut; To manage helical form then on trunk and branch, punching can be played moistening trunk branch equally, reduce the effect that water and nutrient consumes to dripping on pipe on demand, and summer high temperature can also be employed in the tree crown top and set up the sunshade net season; In case excessively tan by the sun, degree of shading generally is about about 70%, so that let the tree body accept certain scattered light; Guarantee tree body is photosynthetic to carry out,, progressively remove shading screen with backsight arboreal growth situation and seasonal variation; The method of being responsible for a task until it is completed is that this method both can avoid strong sunlight direct projection and hot blast to blow with tight parcel trunk of material and more sturdy branches such as straw rope, sack, liver mosses, reduces the water evaporates of trunk, branch; Can store a certain amount of moisture again, make limb often keep moistening, go back scalable limb temperature in addition; Reduce the injury of high temperature and low temperature, secondly, strengthen soil moisture management limb; This mainly comprises draining two aspects in pouring water of dry season and rainy season, will pay special attention to prevent soil ponding rainy season, should suitably earth up; Make the suitable projecting ground of native face of tree dish, will note pouring water, can guarantee that preferably soil moisture content reaches 60% of maximum water-holding capacity at arid season;
2.. inspire Xin Gen and remove unnecessary sprout tillers: behind the big tree transplanting because the restriction of native ball, cause transplanting the back with native ball in fibrous root seldom, and trees moisture and nutrient absorbing mainly rely on the fibrous root in its lateral root; Therefore, something must be done to inspires new root for we, and this mainly can promote the plant growth regulator of root growth and sprouting to realize through some, like root-inducing powder etc.; Can combine to pour water, root-inducing powder or other somatotropin are manured into soil, so that promote the growth of tree root; In addition, in transplanting tree, through the bigger pruning of intensity; Possibly sprout many tender shoots and spray on trunk or the branch, consume nutrition, upset tree-like; After the trees rudiment, except that better, favorably situated tender shoots of the growing way of selecting and remain or sprout, remaining should be erased as early as possible;
3.. set upright ridging:, should tread and loosen the soil because rainwater infiltration and other various reasons cause setting body and rock; Tree checks and regulates that body sinks or local sinking, and in time earthing is filled and led up, and prevents behind the rain that ponding rots root; Trees for tilting should take measures to set upright the stub fixed support of existing side by side;
4.. replenish and prune: though the wood process pruning of newly planting trees, operations such as process excavation, loading and unloading and transportation usually sustain damage or other reasons can not normally be sprouted the part bud; Cause spike top, should in time dredge and remove or cut, the trees of planting for truncation (hat) or heavy pruning to tender shoots, more than the sprout; A little less than staying the inaccurate or clip bud in bud position too; Cause withered stake or send out weak branch, then should replenish prunings (or claiming complex shears), the big wound of pruning should be smoothly, totally, sterilize anticorrosion;
5.. loosen the soil, weeding, fertilising: because of water, rainfall and mankind's activity etc. cause tree dish soil compaction, influences arboreal growth, should in time loosen the soil the gas exchange of promotion soil and atmosphere; Help the growth and the growth of the new root of trees, but becoming between current, loosening the soil can not be too dark, in order to avoid injure new root; Sometimes can grow many weeds, liane etc. near the trees base portion, should in time remove, otherwise can water consumption, consumption is fertile, the tendril obstruction arboreal growth of being burdened with; Can combine to loosen the soil and carry out weeding, generally speaking, big tree transplanting did not apply fertilizer in the 1st year; But can carry out foliage spray this moment, waits until that big tree root is after sprouting, then can carry out soil application;
6.. the extermination of disease and insect pest: behind the big tree transplanting, because a variety of causes, the resistance of tree body weakens; Be easy to suffer damage by disease and insect, the bark that especially sustains damage will in time carry out disinfection, processing such as parcel; To avoid the infringement of damage by disease and insect, in the extermination of disease and insect pest process, anti-greater than controlling; Therefore to strengthen prevention,, in time thoroughly administer once finding to be injured symptom.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the inventive method is simple, has effectively improved the transplanting success of big tree, has solved the contradiction that big tree transplanting exists.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect and be easy to understand and understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
The trasplanting method of a kind of gardens seedling art,
One. prepare before transplanting
1.. data is prepared: the seeds of need confirming to transplant, the age of tree, field planting time, over the years the maintenance management situation, at present growing state, send out a branch ability, damage by disease and insect situation, root growth situation, arboreal growth and planting site ambient conditions, whether the spacing of grasping trees and building, trolley line, symbiosis trees possesses the soil property of construction, lifting, traffic condition and planting site, subterranean water level, underground utilities ambient conditions;
2.. formulate the transplanting scheme: based on the data of investigation grasp before transplanting; Formulate the transplanting scheme, its main contents are: planting season, be completely cured contract stick together, pruning method and pruning rate, dig the cave, play tree, transportation, planting technology is with requirement, support and fix, material, facility, maintenance management;
3.. being completely cured contracts sticks together: the big tree transplanting success or not, and play pick, a handling, plant and plant back maintenance management technology substantial connection is arranged, but depend mainly on institute with what (absorb root and are meant radicula) that absorb root in the native ball scope, in nearly 5 years not through transplanting or cut the big tree of root; Must be the center with the trunk transplanting spring the previous year or autumn, be that radius is drawn a circle with 3 times of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, excavates the groove of wide 40cm, dark 50 ~ 70cm in the periphery of justifying; Radicula in the ditch is all cut off, during excavation,, use sharp shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw and cut off like thicker root; Make it with ditch in inwall flush, and keep 2 thick roots and do not cut off, with thick root portion ringing, wide 1cm (can keep its absorbent function and fixing tree body in ditch; In order to avoid blown down by strong wind), after ditch digs, insert fertile loam compacting; Regularly water, can germinate a large amount of fibrous roots, dwindle native ball thereby reach at the root of ditch internal cutting off, band girdle; Reduce native nodule number amount, inspire fibrous root, improve the purpose of survival rate;
4.. prune: must prune before the big tree transplanting, to reduce the evaporation of original moisture in the tree body, pruning will be cut according to tree characteristics and cut, and seeds that rudiment power is strong such as poplar, willow, Chinese scholartree, Chinese toon, plane tree, paulownia etc. can keep trunk and carry out heavy pruning; Bough is clipped 2/3 of length, cut and can recover tree vigo(u)r quickly after cutting, the weak seeds of rudiment power answer light pruning, like conifer, ginkgo etc.; Behind the major branch cutting back of ginkgo, the sleeping bud lateral growth of its sprouting, or the young sprout of sprouting is not followed former crotch angle growth, tree-like disorder; In case the Chinese pine terminal bud is hindered, just can not upwards grow forever, so these type of seeds will not destroyed under the prerequisite of terminal bud in assurance, suitably prune off; Can not carry out cutting back, should dredge and remove the overstocked bough of interior thorax and thin and weak, sick branch, help becoming to live and keeping tree-like, evergreen broad-leaved takes to shrink the method for tree crown; Clip peripheral branch, suitably dredge and remove the inner unnecessary weak branch of tree crown, stay strong germinating branch more, pruning rate can reach 1/5 ~ 3/5; The big tree of bare root transplanting hinders that root is heavy, dehydration is many, answers heavy pruning to cut, band stick together transplant to hinder root lighter, answer light pruning to cut; No matter take heavy pruning to cut or the method that light pruning cuts, all should keep otch level and smooth, will paint the incision of clipping bough; Also available plastic sack is saw kerf wrapping 3 ~ 5cm at the branch top, to reduce water evaporates, improves survival rate;
5.. dig pit: will planting pit be dug before transplanting, the size in hole should be looked the root system diameter and decided, and adheres to big root hollow place; The general degree of depth is than naked or the dark 10 ~ 15cm of the root that sticks together, the big 30cm of transverse diameter, and the size up and down of tree well wants consistent; To pick if any stone or building waste etc.; If field planting soil is poor,, need carry out soil removal and replacement and suitably fertilising for guaranteeing that the big one-tenth of setting is alive and better growing conditions is arranged;
Two. transplant
1.. transplant time: in " when the kind tree is no, tree being known ", trees sensory paralyses; Be exactly the best opportunity that trees are transplanted, the Best Times of big tree transplanting is before spring, branch germinateed, promptly clear and bright front and back; Because at this moment resin flows slowly and trees are in hibernation, its physiological activity is in slowly even dead state, at this moment; Though it is slow that the trees acrial part is grown, root system of plant still is in active state, and this moment, transplanting helped the tree root recovery; Autumn is portable also, but transplantation effect is good not as spring, gets into resting stage very soon because transplant the back trees autumn; And to suffer unfavourable weather, environment and man's activity easily through a winter, increased the weight of the maintenance task;
2.. rise and dig: rising when digging of bare root transplanting will have been excavated the plane ditch in the periphery of former annular groove, prevents in primitive groove, to play plane, in order to avoid the newborn radicula of damaging; After playing the plane ditch and deep-cutting that big root is sawed-off and will set greatly and push down to 30 °, the short wooden stake root of bottom is broken apart by chopping, how many soil zones stays what between root; Do not add the artificial removal, the plane method that rises that being with sticks together transplants is the same with naked plane, in order to prevent diffusing sticking together in shipment; To before playing plane, water; Will putting in order after digging sticks together and twine with the straw rope that soaked water sticks together, and tightly wrap sternly, twines to lose soil degree of being;
3.. transport: excavate the back and select means of transportation according to diameter, if can not artificially load and transport, should adopt the machinery shipment, the big tree of transplantation with soil will protect native ball in the transportation, and fragmentation is scattered, and will prevent bark and branch damaged simultaneously;
4.. orientation: big tree transplanting, the direction of planting is very important, go into the hole and be sure not to turn to when planting, otherwise big tree is prone to withered; Main cause is that trees grow up to big tree by seedling under field conditions (factors), and direction of the environment around having adapted to, its survival, growth becomes for many years, the suffered light of all directions, heat, water,, condition such as magnetic difference to some extent, the different parts of trees has also just formed different traits and habit; Trees the south receives to shine upon more, and temperature is higher than north, and leaf is luxuriant, and bark is more smooth; Annual ring is broad also, and north is blown by using cold wind in winter, and branch is less, also more coarse split of bark more; During transplanting, if the male and female face counter-rotating, the back originally is in case the Chaoyang; The cortex of trunk can ftracture or stream wound (being that resin flows out from the crack) takes place because of the solar radiation of grow suddenly, even so at that time can transplanting survival, also can be because of the new environmental condition of incompatibility can not normal growth; Or stream is serious and dead due to wound, therefore, and when transplant big tree; Must marked, keep original towards, become to live and normal growth to protect;
5.. plant: bare root transplanting, Jiang Dashu moves and is put in the planting pit, finds accurately towards setting upright and plants directly earth filling tamping; Carry out bigger tree dish, water big flood immediately 1 time, band sticks together and transplants, and pours water in the hole earlier before planting and cheats dark 3/4; Add topsoil then, stir into starchiness, again the band big tree that sticks together is hung in tree well with crane with spade, by telltale mark find accurately towards; And will set body and hold up directly, receive lifting rope again after supporting with rod, after going into the hole, big tree to park tens minutes, and let mud be immersed in the Tu Tuo crack of possibility spallation in the shipment; After letting pulp-water immerse Tu Tuo, cut off straw rope, it is scattered in the mud between Tu Tuo and the hole wall, carry out grave mound with scissors;
Three. the main maintenance management behind the big tree transplanting
1.. water management: moisture is the key factor that the restriction trees become to live, and is behind the big tree transplanting, because root system and tree crown is injured, more responsive to moisture; Therefore new water management of transplanting big tree is the main measure of maintenance management, and this comprises the following aspects: at first, carry out the work of preserving moisture of acrial part, used method has tree crown water spray (comprising drip irrigation), shades, is responsible for a task until it is completed and uses evaporation suppressor etc. usually; Water spray should adopt sprayer or spray gun, directly sprays to tree crown or tree crown top, lets water droplet drop on the branches and leaves, and water spray can carry out up at 16 o'clock in afternoon in the morning 10; Whenever at a distance from 1 ~ 2h spray 1 time, also the some places way is to set up A-frame in tree crown the south, and a rainer that is higher than tree crown 1m is installed, as far as possible the furnishing spray water; Because summer, autumn are blown south wind mostly, being installed in the south can make the trunk leaf keep moistening often to the tree crown water spray, has also increased the humidity around the tree; And reduced temperature, and having reduced the consumption of limited moisture, nutrient in the trees body, the method for drip irrigation is similar to hangs salt solution, promptly takes a tripod on the tree side; Hang a water butt above, beat some holes in the bucket bottom, plastic tube is fixed on the hole, the other end of pipe is shut; To manage helical form then on trunk and branch, punching can be played moistening trunk branch equally, reduce the effect that water and nutrient consumes to dripping on pipe on demand, and summer high temperature can also be employed in the tree crown top and set up the sunshade net season; In case excessively tan by the sun, degree of shading generally is about about 70%, so that let the tree body accept certain scattered light; Guarantee tree body is photosynthetic to carry out,, progressively remove shading screen with backsight arboreal growth situation and seasonal variation; The method of being responsible for a task until it is completed is that this method both can avoid strong sunlight direct projection and hot blast to blow with tight parcel trunk of material and more sturdy branches such as straw rope, sack, liver mosses, reduces the water evaporates of trunk, branch; Can store a certain amount of moisture again, make limb often keep moistening, go back scalable limb temperature in addition; Reduce the injury of high temperature and low temperature, secondly, strengthen soil moisture management limb; This mainly comprises draining two aspects in pouring water of dry season and rainy season, will pay special attention to prevent soil ponding rainy season, should suitably earth up; Make the suitable projecting ground of native face of tree dish, will note pouring water, can guarantee that preferably soil moisture content reaches 60% of maximum water-holding capacity at arid season;
2.. inspire Xin Gen and remove unnecessary sprout tillers: behind the big tree transplanting because the restriction of native ball, cause transplanting the back with native ball in fibrous root seldom, and trees moisture and nutrient absorbing mainly rely on the fibrous root in its lateral root; Therefore, something must be done to inspires new root for we, and this mainly can promote the plant growth regulator of root growth and sprouting to realize through some, like root-inducing powder etc.; Can combine to pour water, root-inducing powder or other somatotropin are manured into soil, so that promote the growth of tree root; In addition, in transplanting tree, through the bigger pruning of intensity; Possibly sprout many tender shoots and spray on trunk or the branch, consume nutrition, upset tree-like; After the trees rudiment, except that better, favorably situated tender shoots of the growing way of selecting and remain or sprout, remaining should be erased as early as possible;
3.. set upright ridging:, should tread and loosen the soil because rainwater infiltration and other various reasons cause setting body and rock; Tree checks and regulates that body sinks or local sinking, and in time earthing is filled and led up, and prevents behind the rain that ponding rots root; Trees for tilting should take measures to set upright the stub fixed support of existing side by side;
4.. replenish and prune: though the wood process pruning of newly planting trees, operations such as process excavation, loading and unloading and transportation usually sustain damage or other reasons can not normally be sprouted the part bud; Cause spike top, should in time dredge and remove or cut, the trees of planting for truncation (hat) or heavy pruning to tender shoots, more than the sprout; A little less than staying the inaccurate or clip bud in bud position too; Cause withered stake or send out weak branch, then should replenish prunings (or claiming complex shears), the big wound of pruning should be smoothly, totally, sterilize anticorrosion;
5.. loosen the soil, weeding, fertilising: because of water, rainfall and mankind's activity etc. cause tree dish soil compaction, influences arboreal growth, should in time loosen the soil the gas exchange of promotion soil and atmosphere; Help the growth and the growth of the new root of trees, but becoming between current, loosening the soil can not be too dark, in order to avoid injure new root; Sometimes can grow many weeds, liane etc. near the trees base portion, should in time remove, otherwise can water consumption, consumption is fertile, the tendril obstruction arboreal growth of being burdened with; Can combine to loosen the soil and carry out weeding, generally speaking, big tree transplanting did not apply fertilizer in the 1st year; But can carry out foliage spray this moment, waits until that big tree root is after sprouting, then can carry out soil application;
6.. the extermination of disease and insect pest: behind the big tree transplanting, because a variety of causes, the resistance of tree body weakens; Be easy to suffer damage by disease and insect, the bark that especially sustains damage will in time carry out disinfection, processing such as parcel; To avoid the infringement of damage by disease and insect, in the extermination of disease and insect pest process, anti-greater than controlling; Therefore to strengthen prevention,, in time thoroughly administer once finding to be injured symptom.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; That describes in the foregoing description and the specification just explains principle of the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from spirit and scope of the invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these variations and improvement all fall in the scope of the invention that requires protection.The present invention requires protection domain to be defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (1)
1. the trasplanting method of gardens seedling art is characterized in that: comprise following method step,
A. prepare before transplanting
A. data is prepared: the seeds of need confirming to transplant, the age of tree, field planting time, over the years the maintenance management situation, at present growing state, send out a branch ability, damage by disease and insect situation, root growth situation, arboreal growth and planting site ambient conditions, whether the spacing of grasping trees and building, trolley line, symbiosis trees possesses the soil property of construction, lifting, traffic condition and planting site, subterranean water level, underground utilities ambient conditions;
B. formulate the transplanting scheme: according to the data of investigation grasp before transplanting; Formulate the transplanting scheme, mainly comprise: planting season, be completely cured contract stick together, trimming method and pruning rate, dig the cave, play tree, transportation, planting technology is with requirement, support and fix, material, facility, maintenance management;
C. being completely cured contracts sticks together: in nearly 5 years through transplanting or cut the big tree of root, must be the center with the trunk transplanting spring the previous year or autumn, be circle of radius picture with 3 times of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground; Excavate the groove of wide 40cm, dark 50 ~ 70cm in the periphery of circle, the radicula in the ditch is all cut off, during excavation; Like thicker root, use sharp shrub and hedge trimmer or handsaw and cut off, make it with ditch in inwall flush; And keep 2 thick roots and do not cut off, in ditch with thick root portion ringing, wide 1cm; After ditch digs, insert fertile loam compacting, regularly water;
D. prune: must prune before the big tree transplanting, to reduce the evaporation of original moisture in the tree body, pruning will be cut according to tree characteristics and cut, and seeds that rudiment power is strong such as poplar, willow, Chinese scholartree, Chinese toon, plane tree, paulownia etc. can keep trunk and carry out heavy pruning; Bough is clipped 2/3 of length, and the weak seeds of rudiment power answer light pruning, like conifer, ginkgo etc., do not destroy under the prerequisite of terminal bud in assurance; Suitably prune off, can not carry out cutting back, should dredge and remove the overstocked bough of interior thorax and thin and weak, sick branch, evergreen broad-leaved takes to shrink the method for tree crown; Clip peripheral branch, suitably dredge and remove the inner unnecessary weak branch of tree crown, stay strong germinating branch more; Pruning rate can reach 1/5 ~ 3/5, and the big tree of bare root transplanting hinders the root weight, dehydration is many, answers heavy pruning to cut; Band stick together transplant to hinder root lighter, answer light pruning to cut, no matter take heavy pruning to cut the method that still light pruning cuts; All should keep otch level and smooth, will paint to the incision of clipping bough, also available plastic sack is saw kerf wrapping 3 ~ 5cm at the branch top;
E. dig pit: will planting pit be dug before transplanting, the size in hole should be looked the root system diameter and decided, and adheres to big root hollow place; The general degree of depth is than naked or the dark 10 ~ 15cm of the root that sticks together, the big 30cm of transverse diameter, and the size up and down of tree well wants consistent; To pick if any stone or building waste etc.; If field planting soil is poor,, need carry out soil removal and replacement and suitably fertilising for guaranteeing that the big one-tenth of setting is alive and better growing conditions is arranged;
B. transplant
A. transplant time: the Best Times of big tree transplanting is before spring, branch germinateed, promptly clear and bright before and after;
B. play plane: to excavate the plane ditch in the periphery of former annular groove during rise the digging of bare root transplanting, after a plane ditch deep-cuts that big root is sawed-off and will set greatly and push down to 30 °, the short wooden stake root of bottom is broken apart by chopping; How many soil zones stays what between root, does not add the artificial removal, and the plane method that rises that being with sticks together transplants is dug the same with naked; To stick together in order preventing in shipment to loose, to water before digging rising, will putting in order after digging sticks together and twine with the straw rope that soaked water sticks together; Tightly wrap sternly, twine to lose soil degree of being;
C. transport: excavate the back and select means of transportation according to diameter, if can not artificially load and transport, should adopt the machinery shipment, the big tree of transplantation with soil will protect native ball in the transportation, and fragmentation is scattered, and will prevent bark and branch damaged simultaneously;
D. directed: big tree transplanting, the direction of planting is very important, goes into the hole and is sure not to turn to when planting, and when transplant big tree, marked, keeps original towards, to protect work and normal growth;
E. plant: bare root transplanting, Jiang Dashu moves and is put in the planting pit, finds accurately towards setting upright and plants directly earth filling tamping; Carry out bigger tree dish, water big flood immediately 1 time, band sticks together and transplants, and pours water in the hole earlier before planting and cheats dark 3/4; Add topsoil then, stir into starchiness, again the band big tree that sticks together is hung in tree well with crane with spade, by telltale mark find accurately towards; And will set body and hold up directly, receive lifting rope again after supporting with rod, after going into the hole, big tree to park tens minutes, and let mud be immersed in the Tu Tuo crack of possibility spallation in the shipment; After letting pulp-water immerse Tu Tuo, cut off straw rope, it is scattered in the mud between Tu Tuo and the hole wall, carry out grave mound with scissors;
C. the main maintenance management behind the big tree transplanting
A. water management: comprise the following aspects: at first; Carry out the work of preserving moisture of acrial part, used method has tree crown to spray water, shade, be responsible for a task until it is completed and use evaporation suppressor usually, and water spray should adopt sprayer or spray gun; Directly spray to tree crown or tree crown top; Let water droplet drop on the branches and leaves, water spray can carry out up at 16 o'clock in afternoon in the morning 10, whenever at a distance from 1 ~ 2h spray 1 time; Perhaps set up A-frame, a rainer that is higher than tree crown 1m is installed, as far as possible the furnishing spray water in tree crown the south; The method of drip irrigation is similar to hangs salt solution, promptly takes a tripod on the tree side, hangs a water butt above; Beat some holes in the bucket bottom, plastic tube is fixed on the hole, the other end of pipe is shut; To manage helical form then on trunk and branch, on pipe, punch on demand to dripping; Summer high temperature can also be employed in the tree crown top season and set up the sunshade net; In case excessively tan by the sun, degree of shading generally is about about 70%, so that let the tree body accept certain scattered light; Guarantee tree body be photosynthetic to carry out; With backsight arboreal growth situation and seasonal variation, progressively remove shading screen, the method for being responsible for a task until it is completed is with tight parcel trunk of material and more sturdy branches such as straw rope, sack, liver mosses; Secondly, strengthen soil moisture management, will pay special attention to prevent soil ponding rainy season, should suitably earth up, make the suitable projecting ground of native face of tree dish, will note pouring water, can guarantee that preferably soil moisture content reaches 60% of maximum water-holding capacity at arid season;
B. inspire Xin Gen and remove unnecessary sprout tillers: behind the big tree transplanting, can promote the plant growth regulator of root growth and sprouting to realize, like root-inducing powder etc. through some; Can combine to pour water, root-inducing powder or other somatotropin are manured into soil, so that promote the growth of tree root; In addition, in transplanting tree, through the bigger pruning of intensity; Possibly sprout many tender shoots and spray on trunk or the branch, consume nutrition, upset tree-like; After the trees rudiment, except that better, favorably situated tender shoots of the growing way of selecting and remain or sprout, remaining should be erased as early as possible;
C. set upright ridging:, should tread and loosen the soil because rainwater infiltration and other reasons cause setting body and rock; Tree checks and regulates that body sinks or local sinking, and in time earthing is filled and led up, and prevents behind the rain that ponding rots root; Trees for tilting should take measures to set upright the stub fixed support of existing side by side;
D. replenish and prune: though the wood process pruning of newly planting trees, operations such as process excavation, loading and unloading and transportation usually sustain damage or other reasons can not normally be sprouted the part bud; Cause spike top, should in time dredge and remove or cut, the trees of planting for truncation or heavy pruning to tender shoots, more than the sprout; A little less than staying the inaccurate or clip bud in bud position too; Cause withered stake or send out weak branch, then should replenish prunings, the big wound of pruning should be smoothly, totally, sterilize anticorrosion;
E. loosen the soil, weeding, fertilising: because of water, rainfall and mankind's activity cause tree dish soil compaction, should in time loosen the soil, and promotes the gas exchange of soil and atmosphere, between the one-tenth current; Loosening the soil can not be too dark, in order to avoid injure new root, can grow many weeds, liane etc. near the trees base portion, should in time remove; Can combine to loosen the soil and carry out weeding, generally speaking, big tree transplanting did not apply fertilizer in the 1st year; But can carry out foliage spray this moment, waits until that big tree root is after sprouting, then can carry out soil application;
F. the extermination of disease and insect pest: behind the big tree transplanting, the resistance of tree body weakens the bark that especially sustains damage; To in time carry out disinfection, processing such as parcel, avoiding the infringement of damage by disease and insect, in the extermination of disease and insect pest process; Anti-greater than controlling; Therefore to strengthen prevention,, in time thoroughly administer once finding to be injured symptom.
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