CN102870646A - Method for transplanting ancient ginkgoes - Google Patents
Method for transplanting ancient ginkgoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102870646A CN102870646A CN2012103707960A CN201210370796A CN102870646A CN 102870646 A CN102870646 A CN 102870646A CN 2012103707960 A CN2012103707960 A CN 2012103707960A CN 201210370796 A CN201210370796 A CN 201210370796A CN 102870646 A CN102870646 A CN 102870646A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for transplanting ancient ginkgoes and belongs to the technical field of plant transplanting technologies. The method for transplanting ancient ginkgoes includes the steps of firstly, preparing before transplanting; secondly, performing balance snagging to branches of ancient ginkgoes; thirdly, performing root pruning and ball shrinking; fourthly, packing and transporting root balls; and fifthly, maintaining and managing after transplanting. Root pruning and ball shrinking are performed in the method, so that growth of new mass absorbing roots is promoted. Emergence of new mass branches and leaves is promoted by balance snagging. By soil ball bundling, lifting by cranes, transporting by plate trailers, unloading and transplanting, no cracking of tree trunks occurs, and the soil balls are firm without looseness. By late maintenance and management, the transplanted ancient ginkgoes grow well in leafy profusion and have green leaves in growth seasons, and survival and healthy thriving are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant transplantation method and technology field, be specially the transplanting method of a kind of ancient ginkgo.
Background technology
Ginkgo, Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo claims again maidenhair tree, Gong Sunshu, is China's endemic tree, happiness light belongs to heliophilous species; Like deep, fertile, loose, moistening and well-drained soil, wider to the accommodation of soil pH value, pH value 5.5-8.0 all can well grow, but not anti-ponding; Cold resistance is stronger, and-20 ℃ of energy normal growths also can adapt to the high temperature and rainy weather, and ginkgo is deep-rootedness seeds, long-lived seeds.Because external cause sometimes needs ancient ginkgo is transplanted, but transplant supporting technology because lack a whole set of ancient ginkgo, the transplanting difficulty is large, and survival rate is not high.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the invention is to design the technical scheme of the transplanting method that a kind of easy to operate ancient ginkgo is provided, it can grow vigorously after transplanting.
The transplanting method of described a kind of ancient ginkgo is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) prepare before transplanting: carry out the cleaning of job site surrounding environment, before transplanting 2-3 days, suitably watering made earth soft; Towards the location, make the north-south mark at trunk; Set up scaffold, fixing ancient tree is convenient to tree-pruning and around straw rope, and from butt, straw rope is dense around to the tree end; The pillar that supports trunk is set, fixes with cable wire, be ready to the corresponding tool of native ball excavation and transportation;
2) first ancient ginkgo being carried out the disconnected branch of balance processes: a disconnected branch trim mode divides and carries out for three times, at first carry out truncation, choose the skeleton branch at the top, stay 1-3 one-level branch, 3-5 second branch, each side shoot keep at first 30-40cm and heavily cut from one, two branch parts, unnecessary branch all removes from base portion, with the balance root/shoot ratio; Carry out simultaneously sparse branching, repair first overlapping branch, interior thorax branch, parallel branch, water sprout during pruning; At last, stay the strong branch of growth branch and germinating, suitably cutting back is to full bud place to the growth branch more, and pruning rate can reach 2/5-3/5, and tree crown is pruned the overall framework that leaves tree, and removes deadwood, sick branch, splitting branch, interior thorax branch; Then disinfect, wrap up 3-5cm with plastic sack at otch;
3) the contracting processing that sticks together of then being completely cured: first to the root growth situation of ancient ginkgo, the prospecting of layouting, measure amplitude and the degree of depth of root growth, with 2/3-3/4 root amount as the stick together location of size of root, determine root system amplitude, the orientation of being completely cured and the degree of depth of being completely cured according to the root size and dimension that sticks together, the otch of being completely cured is used root-growing agent and is processed, then immediately earthing, water, and carry out consolidation process;
4) root is sticked together carry out packed and transported again: root sticks together after native ball digs out, and adopts behind the wooden-box package by the heavy lifting lifting, and transportation arrives the destination, so that the trunk main body does not ftracture, the soil ball is solid not loose, then plant, the direction of tree crown with original towards identical;
5) maintenance management after the transplanting:
Improvement soil: after ancient ginkgo was transplanted, the soil around the native ball will be ploughed deeply once, applies fertilizer, consumption 40-50kg; Ancient ginkgo is transplanted then, in the season of growth, every 1 foliage fertilizer of spray in 15-20 days; In the fall, in conjunction with weeding with a hoe, executed 1 time composite fertilizer every 15-20 days, each 10-15kg; Transplant beginning in the 2nd year, increase fertilizing amount, executed 1 time every 15 days, each phosphate fertilizer 18-22kg, potassium sulphate 18-22kg; By intertillage, make soil layer loose, cut off the upper soll layer capillary, increase porosity and water penetration;
Rejuvenation: adopt rejuvenation ditch, breather pipe, filter well to be set to improve underground environment, rejuvenation ditch depth 80-100cm, wide 80-100cm, accomplish that ditch, well, pipe are connected, form the passage of the draining of ventilating, additional nutrient, load matrix, branch and nutritive element, branch diameter 1-2cm in the ditch, adopt the branch of pruning ancient ginkgo, the branch section that is cut into long 40-50cm is inserted in the ditch, fills out the layer 2-3 branch, every layer of 10-20cm, make to form large space in the ditch, the root system of ancient ginkgo can pass branch;
Water management: at the beginning of new the transplanting, water sufficient moisture; Irrigate according to weather conditions, replenish soil moisture; Acrial part tree body and branches and leaves adopt sprinkling irrigation, spraying and drip irrigation; Summer the built sunshade net; Trunk with straw rope around upper, to the moisturizing of straw rope water spray; Plum rain season is wanted timely draining, coils peripheral drainage trenching in tree; In 5-6 month, temperature raises, and the weather arid to tree crown and the moisturizing of limb water spray, is carried out with the dusk in the morning.
The transplanting method of described a kind of ancient ginkgo, it is characterized in that in the step 1): the above thick root of lateral root diameter 15m is completely cured with the serration saw, sprays root-growing agent solution in incision, then is coated with xylem with the yellow mud of sterilizing, in time the backfill Nutrition Soil adopts Huolisu pouring root; Described root-growing agent is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of weight ratio 6-8:1-3:5-7: GA4 gibberellin: the ABT6 root-inducing powder mixes formation.
The transplanting method of described a kind of ancient ginkgo is characterized in that in the step 5): described foliage fertilizer is 0.2-0.3% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the each consumption of urea liquid is 4-6kg, and the consumption of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 3-5kg; Augment nutritive element by the rejuvenation ditch, take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main, executed 1 time every 15-20 days, each phosphate fertilizer 20-25kg, potassium sulphate 20-25kg; Use May to July the N:P:K weight ratio to be 18-22:18-22; The composite fertilizer of 18-22 uses the N:P:K weight ratio to be the composite fertilizer of 8-12:18-22:28-32 August to October.
The transplanting method of described a kind of ancient ginkgo is characterized in that in the step 5): the position of rejuvenation ditch fixes on the ancient ginkgo tree crown projection outside, and is down longitudinal layered from the earth's surface, the top layer is place soil, and the 2nd layer is matrix, thickness 20-25cm, the 3rd layer is ancient ginkgo branch, thickness 10-15cm, the 4th layer is again matrix, thickness 20-25cm, the 5th layer is ancient ginkgo branch, thickness 10-15cm, the 6th layer is coarse sand and haydite, thickness 20-25cm.
The transplanting method of described a kind of ancient ginkgo is characterized in that in the step 5): breather pipe is wrapped brown sheet with the hard plastic tube of diameter 3.5-4.5cm, at one section of the rejuvenation ditch, from surface layer to underground, the mode of burying is erected in employing, the height 80-100cm of breather pipe, the mouth of pipe adds iron covering with holes.
The transplanting method of described a kind of ancient ginkgo, it is characterized in that in the step 5): filter well is located at a section or centre of rejuvenation ditch, degree of depth 130-170cm, assemble with brick all around and form, well head water mudding mouth, the above adds iron covering with holes, the Thickness Ratio rejuvenation ditch depth 30-50cm of filter well, and bottom also is provided with leaky pipe 80-100cm.
The transplanting method of described a kind of ancient ginkgo, the maintenance management after it is characterized in that transplanting also needs other measure: set up fixed support, use A-frame, the strong point is 2/3 place of the height of tree, and thin bag sheet on pillar and the trunk joining part pad prevents the bark that frays; Repair in the trunk cavity, to the existing macroscopic-void of ancient ginkgo trunk, carries out vacation with sheet metal and fill, and nails on the hole with guard, is coated on the guard with cement admixture again, is coated with the last layer lacquer after cement is done again, and avoids rainwater to flow to the hole.Described fertilizer be market buy take animal wastes as main fertilizer.
Described methyl α-naphthyl acetate, GA4 gibberellin, ABT6 root-inducing powder all can directly be buied from the market.
The transplanting method of above-mentioned a kind of ancient ginkgo, the contracting Outflow-Rate-Nearby-Inclined that takes to be completely cured promotes to sprout a large amount of new absorption root systems; Take the disconnected branch of balance, promote to sprout a large amount of new branches and leaves; Take native bag to prick, loop wheel machine plays dress, wooden handcart transports, unloads, transplants, the trunk main body does not ftracture, native ball is solid not loose; Employing late maintaining management, the ancient Ginkgo Growing after the transplanting is vigorous, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, season of growth leaf color jade green, reached survive, effect that health grows vigorously.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1: need to transplant the ancient ginkgo age of tree more than 1000 year, height of tree 18m, trunk leading thread 160cm, 2 one-level branches are arranged, 4 second branch are arranged, tree crown width of cloth 16m, the age of tree enters " overripe stage ", growth potential difference, tree body hollow, the trunk heartwood is rotten, and the trunk bark peels off more than 50%, and the trunk bark large tracts of land on two opposites is peeled off, make 2 one-level branches be divided into 2 water and nutrient supply systems, if be subject to External Force Acting, the trunk main body might be divided into two, middle cracking.
Transplant big tree at first will be determined the size of native ball: native ball is wanted enough greatly, should be 7.28 times of trunk leading thread in theory, i.e. 11.65m, and native ball thickness 2.10m, the weight of native ball will reach 328.0t.In order to reduce production costs, should guarantee to survive, significantly alleviate again the weight of native ball, native ball amplitude is narrowed down to 7.0m and 6.3m, and native ball thickness 2.0m adds the body weight 15t that climbs the tree, gross weight is reduced to 160t, grow vigorously in order to ensure ancient ginkgo transplanting survival, health, adopt following transplanting method, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) prepare before transplanting: carry out the cleaning of job site surrounding environment, before transplanting 2-3 days, suitably watering made earth soft; Towards the location, make the north-south mark at trunk so that transplanting determine afterwards tree originally towards, keep original photoenvironment; Set up scaffold, fixing ancient tree is convenient to tree-pruning and around straw rope, and from butt, straw rope is dense around to the tree end; The pillar that supports trunk is set, fixes with cable wire, be ready to the corresponding tool of native ball excavation and transportation.
2) the disconnected branch of balance is processed: a disconnected branch trim mode divides and carries out for three times, progressively dwindles range of tree-crown, and because the tree body is higher, disposable pruning easily causes limb tearing.At first carry out truncation, choose the skeleton branch at the top, stay 2 one-level branches, 4 second branch carry out " three is fixed ": fixed branch, location, orientation.Each side shoot keeps at first 30-40cm and heavily cuts from one, two branch parts, and unnecessary branch all removes from base portion, with the balance root/shoot ratio; Carry out simultaneously sparse branching, the ginkgo branch has dividing of long shoot and brachyplast, and long shoot is extracted out by terminal bud, mostly is the growth branch; Brachyplast is formed by the abdomen bud, mostly is fruit bearing shoot, repaiies first overlapping branch, interior thorax branch, parallel branch, water sprout during pruning, stays the strong branch of growth branch and germinating more, and suitably cutting back is to full bud place to the growth branch, and pruning rate can reach 2/5-3/5.Tree crown is pruned the overall framework that must leave tree, and removes deadwood, sick branch, splitting branch, interior thorax branch; Then disinfect, wrap up 3-5cm with plastic sack at otch, reduce the moisture evaporation, promote to sprout a large amount of new branches and leaves, growing way is vigorous.Disconnected branch is pruned last location: height of tree 12m, tree crown the widest part 15m.
3) the contracting processing that sticks together of then being completely cured: to the root growth situation of ancient ginkgo, the prospecting of layouting, measure amplitude and the degree of depth of root growth, 95% the root amount learnt is in the scope of root width of cloth 11.65m, degree of depth 2.10m, judgement through science, 2/3 root amount is in the scope of root system amplitude 7.0m and 6.3m, degree of depth 2.0m, with this as the stick together location of size of root, determine root system amplitude, the orientation of being completely cured and the degree of depth of being completely cured according to the root size and dimension that sticks together, the otch of being completely cured is used root-growing agent and is processed, then immediately earthing, water; Can affect the wind loading rating of ancient ginkgo after owing to be completely cured, so will carry out consolidation process.The contracting technical essential that sticks together of being completely cured: lateral root diameter 15m is above to be thick root, is completely cured with the serration saw, at incision sprinkling root-growing agent solution, then be coated with xylem with the yellow mud of sterilizing, in time the backfill Nutrition Soil adopts Huolisu pouring root, promotes to sprout a large amount of new absorption root systems.Described root-growing agent is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of weight ratio 6-8:1-3:5-7: GA4 gibberellin: the ABT6 root-inducing powder mixes formation.
4) root is sticked together carry out packed and transported again:
4.1 native gauge ball lattice: amplitude 7.0m and 6.3m, native ball thickness 2.0m, native ball weight 145t, acrial part weight 15t, gross weight 160t.
4.2 start shipment preparation: carry out the job site sign setting, blocked road, set up and go along with sb. to guard him, enlarge boundary of works area and reach 11.0m, remove original colored platform, cutting road surface of going along with sb. to guard him; The pillar that supports trunk is set, fixes with four cable wires, prepare fiberglass, plastic film and drainage machinery, ponding, rain drop erosion when preventing that native ball from excavating, cause native ball to cave in; Facility are prepared, comprise instrument, material, machinery and haulage vehicle, instrument, material comprise lift, chain saw, cable wire and sheet material, boxboard, base plate and upper plate, angle steel skeleton, disintegrating machine, cutting machine, go along with sb. to guard him facility, scaffold, preservative, construction marker, the rope made of hemp etc.
4.3 packing: adopt the wooden-box package grafting, angle steel skeleton is reinforced, and when excavating native ball, first line centered by trunk, enlarges 10cm than the size of regulation, and standardized square is as the blank of native ball; From native ball outward, trench digging excavates, and furrow width 100-120cm is so that the operation of workmen's hyposulculus, after digging the native ball degree of depth, wall repairing all around is smooth, makes the every limit of native ball than the long 8cm of boxboard, during finishing, slightly give prominence in the middle of noting making native ball sidewall, so that after loading onto boxboard, boxboard can be close to Tu Qiubi; After the finishing of soil ball, boxboard is installed immediately, before excavating the surface dust on earth's surface around the trunk is rooted out, when Tu Qiubi is repaired, meet thick root, with handsaw, it is sawed-off slightly to be absorbed in native ball wall surface, thick undercut mouth can not evagination, and the native ball size of finishing can be a bit larger tham the side plate specification, in order to wring rear assurance plate case and native ball closely is close to; Check through boxboard commonly used during finishing, to native ball greater than side plate till; Encase native ball with blade first after the equating, again with straw rope around waist; Then boxboard is installed, first boxboard is put well along native ball wall, make every boxboard centrally aligned trunk, the boxboard top is a little less than native ball 1-2cm; When boxboard was installed, will stagger on the angle of native ball mutually in the end of two blocks of boxboards, can expose the part of native ball, with the rush bag sheet native bag filled again, and two is pressed under the boxboard; Then put the twice steel wire rope at each 15-20cm place of upper and lower opening of wooden case, and between the boxboard on the place pad of lath the round log pier, every steel wire rope two puts turnbuckle, 2 turnbuckles are on two rightabout boxboard central zones, so that shear stress is even when tightening up, first the bolt of turnbuckle is unclamped to the limit, it is tighter that the turnbuckle direction of rotation more turns from the top down; Turnbuckle is when tightening up, and carry out simultaneously on both sides, after boxboard is tightened up, nails on iron sheet in two boxboard junctions, totally 16 roads, and iron sheet spacing 5cm, per pass iron sheet are with 2 pairs of nails, and the tension iron sheet is nailable upper plate after all nailing; In ditch, under boxboard, dig 40cm, will clean out in the ditch, feel out; When feeling out with special platelet pick or the little grafter bottom at simultaneously soil digging of relative both sides ball, when the width that excavates conforms to the width of base plate, respectively follow closely 2 iron sheets at the base plate two ends, with base plate one crown on boxboard, plancon on the pad, hydraulic jack jack-up is used in the other end, base plate and native ball bottom is close to, on the both sides behind the base plate, remove jack, a upper buttress; After the both sides base plate is fixed, continue inwardly to feel out, width is consistent, and base plate spacing 10-15cm for operating personnel's personal safety, with the top of four sides boxboard, supports with 4 beams; After the whole installations of base plate, bind upper plate, native ball is higher than side plate 1cm; soil ball surface is paved with the thin bag sheet of one deck, upper distance between plates 15-20cm, its direction and base plate vertical interlaced; perpendicular direction on upper plate again, every side is followed closely 1 again, forms groined type; protect native ball complete; use at last angle steel reinforced, according to the wooden case size, make angle steel skeleton; bolt connects, and can dismantle after being convenient to transplant the location.
4.4 lifting: adopt the heavy lifting loop wheel machine, upright lifting according to the actual state in butt cavity, is avoided cracking, and trunk is reinforced, and is supported on the angle steel skeleton.During lifting, cable wire with 2 25mm diameters impales two, and cable wire is placed on apart from plank top 20-30cm, 4 crown knots together, hanging on the suspension hook of crane, will be 2 ropes at trunk also, on trunk during the tether rope, soft material on the pad, in order to avoid the damage bark, the angle of grasp trunk is slowly sling.Adopt 2 300t automobile loop wheel machines, loop wheel machine supporting leg both sides width 8500mm, the front and back supporting leg is apart from 8839mm, 1 300t automobile loop wheel machine deadweight 72t, the loop wheel machine body dimensions is 19065mm * 3000mm, belongs to special vehicle, lifting operation prestowage weight 87.5t, the prestowage gross weight of 2 loop wheel machines is 185t, carry out highway transportation with 7 30t sweep cars, belong to vehicle overload transportation category, 2 300t loop wheel machines, when off-position assembling or removal counterweight, adopt the operating type that cooperatively interacts; Adopt 2 ten axle roll extrusion flat cars tractions, tractor model: BGNZ 3850A/ * 6/3; Flat car model: French Ni Gula QG2000 series, ten axle hydraulic flat cars are assembled by four axle hydraulic flats+six axle hydraulic flats, flat car width 360cm, total length 1900cm is transplanting on-site consolidation, gross weight 86t, adopt 4 30t Semi-trailing platform trailers to carry out highway transportation, entrucking adopts the 50t loop wheel machine to carry out assembly unit, six axles and four axles is carried out up and down closed assembly, and respectively six axles and four axle flat car colligations are fixed with 8 5t chain blocks; Soil ball bottom is with 5 350 * No. 350 H shaped steel crossbeams, crossbeam specification: 8.2m * 0.35m * 0.35m, every meter 120kg, 5 gross weight 5t.Soil ball bottom east-west direction inserts 5 H shaped steel crossbeams, length 6.3m; North and South direction is inserted 5 H shaped steel crossbeams, length 7m, native ball amplitude 7.0m and 6.3m, native ball thickness 2.0m.The long 20.2m of loop wheel machine principal arm, operating radius 8m, unit lifting 102t, 2 total liftings are 204t * 80%=163.2t; 2 hoisting wirerope parameters: long 8m, diameter 64mm, at parked 2 the ten axle hydraulic flat cars side by side in ginkgo soil road surface, ball southern side, 2 special supporting box are laterally laid in the platform top, and on stressed casing the rubber of 10 thickness 2cm of place mat, increase frictional force, make native ball in entrucking, during transportation, stressed even, when native ball rises when winching to certain altitude and satisfying loading condition, adopt 400 hard sleepers of 1 carrying fork truck, specification 2800mm * 200mm * 180mm sets up rapidly hard sleeper platform under native ball, about 15cm above ground level, more than the hard sleeper platform east-west direction width 10m, North and South direction then need link to each other all filling and leading up with the road surface, and adopts 1 50t loop wheel machine to spread 8 block length 8m above hard sleeper platform, the steel plate of thick 2cm; After the loop wheel machine of 2 300t is sling native ball, the loop wheel machine principal arm keeps inactive state, must not turn to, after native ball below is sailed in 2 ten axle hydraulic flat cars reversings into, adjust the hydraulic flat truck position, make native ball center of gravity consistent with the entrucking center of 2 flat cars, 2 loop wheel machines gently are shelved on native ball on the stressed platform casing of hydraulic flat car, and adopt 8 5t chain blocks and steel wire loop that native ball colligation is fixed, after complete colligation was fixing, 2 loop wheel machines can loose hook.
4.5 transportation: transport routes adopt the compaction in layers of 30t road roller, and the gradient is less than 5 degree, width of roadway 10m, radius of turn 20m, transportation range 661m.
The transplanting 4.6 unload: after 2 hydraulic flat cars arrive the destination, the trunk center is aimed at the target location, slowly put down native ball, when treating native ball ground proximity, the principal arm that 2 loop wheel machines cooperatively interact rotates simultaneously, adjusts the direction of tree crown, with original towards conforming to, then 2 loop wheel machines loose hook slowly, and with artificial cooperative mechanical, with the trunk righting, the preliminary support, 2 loop wheel machines can loose hook, and the removal prestowage is withdrawn; After native ball moves into the heatable adobe sleeping platform of planting, adopt cutting machine to remove 2 H shaped steel of ginkgo soil ball both sides; Adopt anchor ear in native ball outer ring, adopt the reinforcing bar of diameter 30mm, be welded into the K shaped steel frame, avoid anchor ear distortion and cause native deformation of ball in extracting the steel plate operation out; Make respectively 4 earth anchors in native ball both sides, wherein a side adopts steel wire rope and 4 16t shackle tension anchor ears of 2 diameter 21.5mm, by 2 earth anchors and 2 5t winchs, native ball is fixed, opposite side adopts steel wire rope and 4 16t of 1 winch, 2 diameter 21.5mm to unload the goods from the airplane, and the H shaped steel crossbeam of native ball bottom is gently extracted out one by one, and the trunk main body does not ftracture, the soil ball is solid not loose, fills out at last Nutrition Soil around native ball.
5) maintenance management after the transplanting:
5.1 improvement soil: after ancient ginkgo was transplanted, the soil around the native ball will be ploughed deeply once, applies fertilizer, consumption 50kg; Ancient ginkgo is transplanted then, mainly takes foliar application, and in the season of growth, every 1 0.2% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray in 15 days, each consumption is respectively 5kg and 4kg; In the fall, in conjunction with weeding with a hoe, sealing fertilizer was executed 1 time every 15 days, and each 10kg to accelerate newly slightly lignification, improves the cold tolerance of surviving the winter; Transplant beginning in the 2nd year, increase year by year fertilizing amount, by the rejuvenation ditch, augment nutritive element; Take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main, executed 1 time each phosphate fertilizer 20kg, potassium sulphate 20kg every 15 days; By intertillage, make soil layer loose, increase the gas permeability of soil, improve soil temperature, promote fertilizer to decompose, be conducive to root growth; By intertillage, cut off the upper soll layer capillary, increase porosity and water penetration, to reduce the moisture evaporation.
5.2 Rejuvenation: adopt rejuvenation ditch, breather pipe, filter well etc. to improve the measure of underground environment, promote root growth.Rejuvenation ditch depth 80-100cm, wide 80-100cm accomplishes that ditch, well, pipe are connected, and forms the passage of the draining of ventilating, additional nutrient; Load matrix, branch and nutritive element in the ditch; Branch diameter 1cm adopts the branch of pruning ancient ginkgo, and the branch section that is cut into long 40cm is inserted in the ditch, fills out 2 layers of branch, and every layer of 10cm makes to form large space in the ditch, and the root system of ancient ginkgo can pass branch, because air humidity is large in the ditch, root system passes effective.The position of rejuvenation ditch fixes on the ancient ginkgo tree crown projection outside, and is down longitudinal layered from the earth's surface, and the top layer is place soil, the 2nd layer is matrix, thickness 20cm, the 3rd layer is ancient ginkgo branch, thickness 10cm, the 4th layer is again matrix, thickness 20cm, the 5th layer is ancient ginkgo branch, thickness 10cm, the 6th layer is coarse sand and haydite, thickness 20cm.Breather pipe is wrapped brown sheet with the hard plastic tube of diameter 3.5cm, and at one section of the rejuvenation ditch, from surface layer to underground, employing is perpendicular buries mode, the height 80-100cm of breather pipe, and the mouth of pipe adds iron covering with holes.Filter well is located at one section of the rejuvenation ditch or middle, and degree of depth 130-170cm assembles with brick all around and forms, the bottom is without pointed with cement mortar, well head water mudding mouth, the above adds iron covering with holes, the Thickness Ratio rejuvenation ditch depth 30-50cm of filter well, can be to infiltration all around, the Root Distribution layer that guarantees ancient ginkgo is not immersed in water, and bottom also is provided with leaky pipe 80-100cm, when rainy season, water was many, as ponding appears, can in time extract out with water pump.
5.3 water management: it is particularly important that ancient ginkgo is transplanted rear water management, at the beginning of new the transplanting, must water sufficient moisture, accelerates root system and be combined with soil, promotes root growth; Irrigate according to weather conditions, replenish soil moisture; Acrial part tree body and branches and leaves adopt sprinkling irrigation, spraying and drip irrigation; Summer the built sunshade net; Trunk with straw rope around upper, to the moisturizing of straw rope water spray; Plum rain season is wanted timely draining, coils peripheral drainage trenching in tree; In 5-6 month, temperature raises, and the weather arid to tree crown and the moisturizing of limb water spray, is carried out with the dusk in the morning.
5.4 other measure: set up fixed support, use A-frame, the strong point is 2/3 place of the height of tree, and thin bag sheet on pillar and the trunk joining part pad prevents the bark that frays; Repair in the trunk cavity: ancient ginkgo trunk has macroscopic-void, carries out vacation with sheet metal and fills, and nails on the hole with guard, is coated on the guard with cement admixture again, is coated with the last layer lacquer after cement is done again, and avoids rainwater to flow to the hole.
Stick together since in February, 2004 contracting of being completely cured, transplant and for many years maintenance to January in 2006 24, check and accept by the Committee of Experts in September, 2009, until now, ancient Ginkgo Growing is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, season of growth leaf color jade green, reached survive, effect that health grows vigorously.
Adopt above-mentioned transplanting method that other ancient ginkgo is transplanted, also can obtain beneficial effect of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the transplanting method of an ancient ginkgo is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) prepare before transplanting: carry out the cleaning of job site surrounding environment, before transplanting 2-3 days, suitably watering made earth soft; Towards the location, make the north-south mark at trunk; Set up scaffold, fixing ancient tree is convenient to tree-pruning and around straw rope, and from butt, straw rope is dense around to the tree end; The pillar that supports trunk is set, fixes with cable wire, be ready to the corresponding tool of native ball excavation and transportation;
2) first ancient ginkgo being carried out the disconnected branch of balance processes: a disconnected branch trim mode divides and carries out for three times, at first carry out truncation, choose the skeleton branch at the top, stay 1-3 one-level branch, 3-5 second branch, each side shoot keep at first 30-40cm and heavily cut from one, two branch parts, unnecessary branch all removes from base portion, with the balance root/shoot ratio; Carry out simultaneously sparse branching, repair first overlapping branch, interior thorax branch, parallel branch, water sprout during pruning; At last, stay the strong branch of growth branch and germinating, suitably cutting back is to full bud place to the growth branch more, and pruning rate can reach 2/5-3/5, and tree crown is pruned the overall framework that leaves tree, and removes deadwood, sick branch, splitting branch, interior thorax branch; Then disinfect, wrap up 3-5cm with plastic sack at otch;
3) the contracting processing that sticks together of then being completely cured: first to the root growth situation of ancient ginkgo, the prospecting of layouting, measure amplitude and the degree of depth of root growth, with 2/3-3/4 root amount as the stick together location of size of root, determine root system amplitude, the orientation of being completely cured and the degree of depth of being completely cured according to the root size and dimension that sticks together, the otch of being completely cured is used root-growing agent and is processed, then immediately earthing, water, and carry out consolidation process;
4) root is sticked together carry out packed and transported again: root sticks together after native ball digs out, and adopts behind the wooden-box package by the heavy lifting lifting, and transportation arrives the destination, so that the trunk main body does not ftracture, the soil ball is solid not loose, then plant, the direction of tree crown with original towards identical;
5) maintenance management after the transplanting:
Improvement soil: after ancient ginkgo was transplanted, the soil around the native ball will be ploughed deeply once, applies fertilizer, consumption 40-50kg; Ancient ginkgo is transplanted then, in the season of growth, every 1 foliage fertilizer of spray in 15-20 days; In the fall, in conjunction with weeding with a hoe, executed 1 time composite fertilizer every 15-20 days, each 10-15kg; Transplant beginning in the 2nd year, increase fertilizing amount, executed 1 time every 15 days, each phosphate fertilizer 18-22kg, potassium sulphate 18-22kg; By intertillage, make soil layer loose, cut off the upper soll layer capillary, increase porosity and water penetration;
Rejuvenation: adopt rejuvenation ditch, breather pipe, filter well to be set to improve underground environment, rejuvenation ditch depth 80-100cm, wide 80-100cm, accomplish that ditch, well, pipe are connected, form the passage of the draining of ventilating, additional nutrient, load matrix, branch and nutritive element, branch diameter 1-2cm in the ditch, adopt the branch of pruning ancient ginkgo, the branch section that is cut into long 40-50cm is inserted in the ditch, fills out the layer 2-3 branch, every layer of 10-20cm, make to form large space in the ditch, the root system of ancient ginkgo can pass branch;
Water management: at the beginning of new the transplanting, water sufficient moisture; Irrigate according to weather conditions, replenish soil moisture; Acrial part tree body and branches and leaves adopt sprinkling irrigation, spraying and drip irrigation; Summer the built sunshade net; Trunk with straw rope around upper, to the moisturizing of straw rope water spray; Plum rain season is wanted timely draining, coils peripheral drainage trenching in tree; In 5-6 month, temperature raises, and the weather arid to tree crown and the moisturizing of limb water spray, is carried out with the dusk in the morning.
2. the transplanting method of a kind of ancient ginkgo as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step 1): the above thick root of lateral root diameter 15m is completely cured with the serration saw, spray root-growing agent solution in incision, then be coated with xylem with the yellow mud of sterilizing, in time the backfill Nutrition Soil adopts Huolisu pouring root; Described root-growing agent is the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of weight ratio 6-8:1-3:5-7: GA4 gibberellin: the ABT6 root-inducing powder mixes formation.
3. the transplanting method of a kind of ancient ginkgo as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step 5): described foliage fertilizer is 0.2-0.3% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the each consumption of urea liquid is 4-6kg, and the consumption of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 3-5kg; Augment nutritive element by the rejuvenation ditch, take phosphorus potash fertilizer as main, executed 1 time every 15-20 days, each phosphate fertilizer 20-25kg, potassium sulphate 20-25kg; Use May to July the N:P:K weight ratio to be 18-22:18-22; The composite fertilizer of 18-22 uses the N:P:K weight ratio to be the composite fertilizer of 8-12:18-22:28-32 August to October.
4. the transplanting method of a kind of ancient ginkgo as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the step 5): the position of rejuvenation ditch fixes on the ancient ginkgo tree crown projection outside, and is down longitudinal layered from the earth's surface, the top layer is place soil, and the 2nd layer is matrix, thickness 20-25cm, the 3rd layer is ancient ginkgo branch, thickness 10-15cm, the 4th layer is again matrix, thickness 20-25cm, the 5th layer is ancient ginkgo branch, thickness 10-15cm, the 6th layer is coarse sand and haydite, thickness 20-25cm.
5. the transplanting method of a kind of ancient ginkgo as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step 5): the breather pipe hard plastic tube of diameter 3.5-4.5cm, wrap brown sheet, a section of rejuvenation ditch, from surface layer to underground, adopt to erect and bury mode, the height 80-100cm of breather pipe, the mouth of pipe adds iron covering with holes.
6. the transplanting method of a kind of ancient ginkgo as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step 5): filter well is located at a section or centre of rejuvenation ditch, degree of depth 130-170cm, assemble with brick all around and form, well head water mudding mouth, the above adds iron covering with holes, the Thickness Ratio rejuvenation ditch depth 30-50cm of filter well, and bottom also is provided with leaky pipe 80-100cm.
7. the transplanting method of a kind of ancient ginkgo as claimed in claim 1, maintenance management after it is characterized in that transplanting also needs other measure: set up fixed support, use A-frame, the strong point is 2/3 place of the height of tree, thin bag sheet on pillar and the trunk joining part pad prevents the bark that frays; Repair in the trunk cavity, to the existing macroscopic-void of ancient ginkgo trunk, carries out vacation with sheet metal and fill, and nails on the hole with guard, is coated on the guard with cement admixture again, is coated with the last layer lacquer after cement is done again, and avoids rainwater to flow to the hole.
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