CN1631092A

CN1631092A - South-north transfer method for maidenhair-tree

Info

Publication number: CN1631092A
Application number: CN 200410011400
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陆静梅
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-12-29
Filing date: 2004-12-29
Publication date: 2005-06-29
Anticipated expiration: 2024-12-29
Also published as: CN1631092B

Abstract

The invention provides a south-north transfer method for maidenhair-trees which comprises, carrying out exercise treatment to the ginkgo seeds so as to facilitate the cracking of the seeds, spreading the seeds uniformly onto the dressed bed surface through the modes of dot seeding or row seeding, filling antifreeze water to the ginko seed bed, burying the ginko seedling with soil or sand and covering with straw curtains for cold-proofing, unfreezing the filled water to the ginko seed bed in spring at 5-10 deg. C, removing cold-proof soil, sand and plastic foil bundled layer, finally carrying out transplanting.

Description

The plants being introduced from south to north cultivation method of ginkgo

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of endangered species of China---the plants being introduced from south to north of ginkgo, introduce a fine variety and cultivation method, the cold forging refining of ginkgo particularly is provided, the cultivation method of the physiological drought of flying up and down the invention belongs to plant cultivation culture technique field.

Background technology

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) has another name called gingko, Gong Sunshu, originates from China, is the distinctive rare tree species of China.Its classification position belongs to Gymnospermae (Gymnospermae) Ginkgopsida (Ginkgopsida); Ginkgoales (Ginkgoales); Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgoaceae); This section only 1 belongs to a kind.

Various, the good stress resistance of ginkgo strain.The ginkgo plant is before the time of China's introducing and planting was more than 2000 year.The distribution of ginkgo plant is all arranged in a lot of areas of China's (N.21 ° 30 '-41 ° 46 ', E.97 °-125 °).Long and the vigorous reason of fertility was attributable to it and had uncommon resistance to insect, bacterium, virus and fungi ginkgo life cycle, and this ancient seeds exist only in China as far back as the glacial epoch in the 4th century of geologic history with regard to large quantities of extinctions.The distribution of ginkgo is all arranged as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Beijing, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Yunnan and Sichuan and other places in the most of area of China, account for world's ginkgo total amount more than 70%.Along with the development and use of gingko resource, China various places just in a planned way enlarge the cultivated area of ginkgo in recent years.

But, the problem that exists for the plants being introduced from south to north of ginkgo mainly is: the seed sprouting difficulty, ginkgo seedling is passed the winter difficult and is had problem such as physiological drought, therefore, northern provinces and regions such as Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, the Inner Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet in China, the never bibliographical information of ginkgo plant introduction, domestication and transplanting.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides the cultivation method of the plants being introduced from south to north of a kind of ginkgo, what solved ginkgo can't the cultivating and growing problem at north cold area.

Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

Gingko seeds is carried out the cold forging refining to be handled

Put into wooden case after puddling evenly in 1: 2.0～3.0 ratios gingko seeds and snow and be built in semi-underground kiln, seed is carried out the cold processing of coercing; 90～125 days root of Dahurian angelica time of cellar for storing things.Near the sowing time, at the beginning of 4 the end of month to 5 month (10～18 ℃), seed is taken out cool the solarization in storing, watering keeps under 20～22 ℃ of temperature, the saturated humidity condition, promotes the rudiment of seed cracking, by the time three/when ftractureing, above seed can sow.

The ginkgo seedbed management is done the whole ground of bed, bed surface is carried out disinfection with ferrous sulfate: every mu of 15～20 kilograms of ferrous sulfate, bed surface trims the back and adopts on-demand or drilling formula evenly to be sprinkling upon seed on the bed surface, about 550 every square metre, after planting use horsehit after pulverizing, sterilization, the deinsectization with seed topped on, thickness is 1.5～2.5 times of seed diameter.

The ginkgo winter protection of surviving the winter

1. 9～November, ground temperature was more than 5 ℃ the time, irritated the antifreeze water of being prepared than 97～99% water by 1～3% equivalent nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium thoroughly in the ginkgo seedbed;

2. soil buries the ginkgo seedling winter protection, and the thickness that buries soil is 10～12cm, or sand buries the husky winter protection of ginkgo seedling, and burying husky thickness is 12～15cm; Also can use careless winter protection, annual ginkgo is wrapped up with plastic film, (grow 6～8m, wide 1～1.5m) covering gets final product to use woven straw then;

Anti-physiological drought is handled

5～10 ℃ of springs the ginkgo seedbed being irritated permeable thaws; Remove anti-dry frozen ground, winter protection sand for 10～15 ℃, keep the plastic film integument motionless; When temperature reaches 15～18 ℃, remove the plastic film integument, promptly can solve the physiological drought problem of ginkgo.

The plantation of ginkgo

Annual ginkgo seedling after passing the winter in the seedbed, 1 year 1 year winter protection process of repetition of passing the winter in the seedbed; Be transplanted on the ridge in the 3rd year, spacing in the rows is 0.5m; In order to promote the ginkgo seedling root growth, transplanting in the 4th year is changed ground, is changed the ridge, finishes the plants being introduced from south to north cultivation of ginkgo.

Good effect of the present invention is: determine the position that the ginkgo ice-nucleus forms by light microscope, determined the two transmissions dimension structural principle of ginkgo cold resistance.Utilize ESEM to ginkgo cold resistance and cellular morphology thereof, carried out the 3-D solid structure technical finesse, determined the three-dimensional structure principle that ginkgo is cold-resistant.By gingko seeds being carried out technical finesses such as cold forging refining, seedbed management, the winter protection of surviving the winter, the physiological drought of flying up and down processing and cultivation, first with the endangered plants ginkgo from N.21 ° 30 '～41 ° 46 ', E.97 °～125 ° of plants being introduced from south to north are to ° 51 ' 38 "～45 ° 33 ' 16 " N.43, E.125 ° 19 ' 26 "～E.122 ° 49 ' 26 " area, the gingko seeds breeding reaches 89-93%.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Gingko seeds is carried out the cold forging refining to be handled

Put into wooden case after puddling the snow of gingko seeds 1kg and 2.5kg evenly and be built in underground kiln, seed is carried out the cold processing of coercing; The 90 days root of Dahurian angelica time of cellar for storing things.Near the sowing time, when temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ at the beginning of 4 the end of month to 5 month, seed is taken out cool the solarization in storing, watering keeps 20～22 ℃ of temperature, under the saturated humidity condition, promotes the rudiment of seed cracking, by the time three/when ftractureing, above seed can sow.

Embodiment 2

The ginkgo seedbed management

Do the whole ground of bed, bedside 1m, length according to determining that long for 10m～20m, pavement is wide to be 0.5m with returning, the height of bed is 20cm.Accomplish the inclined-plane of 45 around the bed,, with sowing face and the floating and compacting in inclined-plane all around bed surface is carried out disinfection with ferrous sulfate with wooden trowel: it is stand-by that every mu of 18 kilograms of ferrous sulfate, bed surface trim the back;

Embodiment 3

The seed that adopts on-demand or drilling formula that embodiment 1 is handled evenly is sprinkling upon on the bed surface of embodiment 2 finishings, about 550 every square metre, after planting use horsehit after pulverizing, sterilization, the deinsectization with seed topped on, thickness 5cm.

The antifreeze water of preparing than 97～99% water by 1～3% equivalent nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium thoroughly in the filling of ginkgo seedbed when 9～November of late autumn, ground temperature was more than 5 ℃; Soil buries the ginkgo seedling winter protection, and the thickness that buries soil is about 11cm, or sand buries the ginkgo seedling winter protection, and burying husky thickness is about 13cm, and annual ginkgo is wrapped up with plastic film, covers winter protection with woven straw then.

Temperature was irritated permeable to the ginkgo seedbed and was thawed in the time of 5～10 ℃ spring; Remove anti-dry frozen ground, winter protection sand for 10～15 ℃, keep the plastic film integument motionless; When temperature reaches 15～18 ℃, remove the plastic film integument, promptly can solve the physiological drought problem of ginkgo;

At last ginkgo is planted:

Annual ginkgo seedling after passing the winter in the seedbed, 1 year 1 year winter protection process of repetition of passing the winter in the seedbed; Be transplanted on the ridge in the 3rd year, spacing in the rows is 0.3～0.6m; In order to promote the ginkgo seedling root growth, transplanting in the 4th year is changed ground, is changed the ridge, finishes the plants being introduced from south to north cultivation of ginkgo.

Claims

1, the cultivation method of the plants being introduced from south to north of a kind of ginkgo is characterized in that finishing by following steps:

1) gingko seeds being carried out the cold forging refining handles

Put into wooden case after puddling evenly in 1: 2.0～3.0 ratios gingko seeds and snow and be built in semi-underground kiln, seed is carried out the cold processing of coercing; 90～125 days root of Dahurian angelica time of cellar for storing things; Near the sowing time, temperature is taken out cool the solarization with seed at the beginning of 4 the end of month to 5 month in storing in the time of 10～18 ℃, and watering keeps under 20～22 ℃ of temperature, the saturated humidity condition, promotes the rudiment of seed cracking, by the time three/when ftractureing, above seed can sow;

2) ginkgo seedbed management

Do the whole ground of bed, bed surface is carried out disinfection with ferrous sulfate: every mu of 15～20 kilograms of ferrous sulfate, bed surface trims the back and adopts on-demand or drilling formula evenly to be sprinkling upon seed on the bed surface, about 550 every square metre, after planting use horsehit after pulverizing, sterilization, the deinsectization with seed topped on, thickness is 2～5cm;

3) the ginkgo winter protection of surviving the winter

9～November, ground temperature was the antifreeze water of being prepared than 97～99% water by 1～3% equivalent nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium thoroughly in the filling of ginkgo seedbed more than 5 ℃;

Soil buries the ginkgo seedling winter protection, and the thickness that buries soil is 10～12cm, or sand buries the husky winter protection of ginkgo seedling, and burying husky thickness is 12～15cm; Also available careless winter protection is wrapped up annual ginkgo with plastic film, cover with woven straw then to get final product;

4) physiological drought of flying up and down is handled

5) plantation of ginkgo