CN103371039A - Oil-palm seedling breeding and cultivating method - Google Patents
Oil-palm seedling breeding and cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103371039A CN103371039A CN2012101142087A CN201210114208A CN103371039A CN 103371039 A CN103371039 A CN 103371039A CN 2012101142087 A CN2012101142087 A CN 2012101142087A CN 201210114208 A CN201210114208 A CN 201210114208A CN 103371039 A CN103371039 A CN 103371039A
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Abstract
The invention provides an oil-palm seedling breeding and cultivating method. The method includes performing hybridization on domestic parent oil palms with cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging-resistant and high-yield genes, cultivating the oil palms for more than 7 years, collecting seeds in high-yield oil palms, complying with rules in a management and production technique including loosening soil in deep pits, cultivating the oil palms in high-fertility soil, reasonably matching microelement fertilizer and controlling sprouts and flowers, and finally, reaching high yield. Through the breeding and cultivating method, the oil palms can be planted within 23 degrees of northern latitude, plantable area for the oil palms is greatly enlarged, the oil palms can be also planted in China, and the insoluble problem over the years in the field is solved; the high-yield, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging-resistant oil palms are cultivated, over 500 kilograms of palm oil can be produced per hectare, and economic benefits of oil palm planting are greatly improved.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to oil palm tree planting technology field, relate in particular to a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method.
[background technology]
China distinguishes abroad and distinguishes at home Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan plantation oil palm in the mode of introducing seedling, but finally all fail 60,70 the eighties.After deliberation, the main cause of these three introduction of plant failures is: what 1, introduce is tropical kind, a little less than the tolerance to cold; 2, the long-term rainwater of tropical climate is even, and the arid time is very short, and seldom, the kind of introduction can't adapt to domestic long weather of arid time; 3, yield poorly, there is not economic worth; 4, cultivation management is improper.At last, the conclusion that China country academy of agricultural sciences sums up in the eighties is: China is domestic to be not suitable for planting oil palm.
[summary of the invention]
In order to solve the domestic wrong prejudice that is not suitable for planting oil palm of above-mentioned difficulties and China that exists in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of high yield, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging, greatly enlarge the oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method that can plant the area.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that the prior art problem adopts:
A, kind germinal choice: at first, in the situation of quiet wind, paternal plant cold-resistant from having, drought-enduring, waterlogging gene is collected pollen, and in the transparent plastic ware of packing into; Then, the pollen of collecting is pollinated at the pistil of the maternal plant plant with Yield Genes with large writing brush, and put ventilative bagging for the bud after the pollination, guarantee not infected by other pollen, solution is removed bagging after 5 days, and carries out mark; Then, the maternal plant plant after pollinating really conspires to create ripe rear harvesting and reserves seed for planting, and makes its one-tenth well-done after 5～7 days in fruit string placement warehouse; At last, select completely filled fruit, fruit that color is scarlet to give over to seed;
B, presprouting of seeds: adopt the vernalization of the husky bed of constant temperature, specifically include:
B1, the husky bed preparation of constant temperature: as required vernalization quantity is made, the husky bed of arrangement, and lays the hot water circuit water pipe in the sand bed, and the mode of adding a cover transparent plastic film keeps the interior temperature of husky bed;
B2, seed treatment: add 1.5～2.0% NaOH solution with 60 ℃ of hot water first and soaked seed 5～6 hours, and the iron staff that stings with the band weak point stirs, soaked seed 1.5～2 hours with 1.5～2.0% carbendazim solution more afterwards, then clean with clear water, air-dry, then with 5～10 ℃ of cold water soak seeds 1.5～2 hours, pull out, air-dry, 3 times so repeatedly;
B3, the vernalization of husky bed: the seed of handling well is put into husky bed, and the spacing 8～10cm between every seed, then cover sandy soil and cover upper film, then keep husky bed at 40 ℃ by the hot water circuit in the control water pipe, humidity 75～85%, will raise film two to three last every day, until germinate;
C, breeding station and seedling pack:
C1, breeding station: adopt roof insulating, shade breeding station after germinateing;
C2, seedling pack: after husky bed seedling grows 3～5 leaves, seedling is transferred to nutritional bag, then smooth good nursery adopts large nutritious bag, install seedling after, press 60cm * 60cm specification discharging, last seedling grows to 50cm～80cm higher position and can arrive field planting;
D, field planting and cultivation management:
Blown sand matter soil or the yellow soil that soil layer is deep, the content of organic matter is abundant selected in the land for growing field crops of d1, plantation oil palm, and P in soil H value is 6～6.5, plantation specification: 8m * 8m;
D2, growing and cultivation management:
D21, field planting: at first will dig large cave, execute field planting base manure, mix fertilizer, earth backing, field planting, earthing and compacting tree head, then irrigate normal root water after the field planting in 30 minutes, spray the worm bactericide after the last field planting in 7 days;
D22, seedling management: be generally the 1st year seedling stage, during can use according to upgrowth situation 50～500 grams composite fertilizers, it is auxiliary that to use a small amount of trace unit fertile, base manure is used 4 times, uses simultaneously the good liquid manure of retting, and keeps ground moistening;
D23, the period management of nourishing and growing: be generally the 2nd～3 year vegetative growth phase, because the springtime and winter temperature is low, use per month 1 kilogram composite fertilizer, 10 kilograms of base manure, enter the summer high-temperature phase, use per month 2 kilograms of composite fertilizers and an amount of trace element fertilizer, use 10 kilograms of fertilizers; Can be attended by growth of flower bud vegetative growth phase, must remove bud, to guarantee the growth of nutrient supply tree body so that the oil palm tree of growth in the 2nd year keeps 35～38 leaves, growth in the 3rd year the leaf of oil palm tree enclose and be 300cm～350cm;
D24, reproductive growth period management: high term is generally the 4th year or beginning in the 5th year, should keep ground moistening during this time, will often water the season in high temperature or arid, fertilizer is take long-acting base manure as main, in the high yield stage in 5～October in 1 year, use per month 3 kilograms of composite fertilizers and an amount of trace element fertilizer.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described field planting should not be chosen in when cloudy day or temperature are not higher than 28 ℃ to be carried out, and can not apply fertilizer in 30 days after the field planting.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described large cave size dimension is 1.2m * 1.2m * 1.2m.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, adopt artificial or weeding by machine during described seedling stage.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, also should use chloride fertilizer and suitably use sea salt to oil palm tree described vegetative growth phase, to replenish two large " chlorions " of oil palm growth needs.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the trace unit that uses during described seedling stage is fertile to be boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium, and the base manure of using is the good chicken manure of retting, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the trace element fertilizer that described reproductive stage is used is that a kind of palm becomes the flower agent, and the composition that comprises and percentage by weight are: fulvic acid 87%, zinc sulphate 10.5%, copper sulphate 0.5%, manganese sulphate 1.8%, four hydroxyl-B-homogeneous phase-oxa--lumistane-6-ketone 0.2%.
The present invention can realize following beneficial effect by technique scheme:
1, oil palm is spent with interior plantation at north latitude 23, change and think that in the past oil palm can only enlarge the plantable area of oil palm greatly in the viewpoint of north latitude 15 degree with interior plantation, China is planted domestic also being fit to, solution this area is an insurmountable difficult problem for many years;
2, cultivate high yield, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging oil palm, per mu yield hair palm oil can be reached more than 500 kilograms, greatly improved the economic benefit of Conditions In Relation To Oil Palm Cultivation.
[embodiment]
Below technical solution of the present invention is elaborated.
Disclosed a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method, main employing has contained at home parent oil palm cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging, Yield Genes and has hybridized, and cultivates more than 7 years, collects seed in the high yield oil palm tree again; Cooperate dell to loosen the soil, high fertile, the rational proportion trace element fertilizer, the technology of managing production of control bud control flower reaches high yield at last.Specifically include:
One, plant germinal choice:
1, collect pollen: in the situation of quiet wind, paternal plant cold-resistant from having, drought-enduring, waterlogging gene is collected pollen, and in the transparent plastic ware of packing into;
2, pollination: the pollen of collecting is pollinated at the pistil of the maternal plant plant with Yield Genes with large writing brush, and put ventilative bagging for the bud after the pollination, guarantee not infected by other pollen, solution is removed bagging after 5 days, and carries out mark;
3, the maternal plant plant after pollinating really conspires to create ripe rear harvesting and reserves seed for planting, and will the fruit string places the warehouse and make its one-tenth well-done after 5～7 days;
4, seed selection: selection completely filled fruit, the fruit that color is scarlet give over to seed.
Two, presprouting of seeds:
Adopt the vernalization of the husky bed of constant temperature, specifically include:
1, constant temperature sand bed is prepared: husky of arrangement (as required vernalization quantity is made husky bed size), lay water pipe in the sand bed, and adopt hot water circuit, the mode of adding a cover transparent plastic film keeps the interior temperature of husky bed.
2, seed treatment: add 1.5～2.0% NaOH solution with 60 ℃ of hot water first and soaked seed 5～6 hours, and the iron staff that stings with the band weak point stirs, soaked seed 1.5～2 hours with 1.5～2.0% carbendazim solution more afterwards, then clean with clear water, air-dry, then with 5～10 ℃ of cold water soak seeds 1.5～2 hours, pull out, air-dry, 3 times so repeatedly;
3, husky bed vernalization: the seed of handling well is put into husky bed, and the spacing 8～10cm between every seed, then cover sandy soil and cover upper film, then keep husky bed at 40 ℃ by the hot water circuit in the control water pipe, humidity 75～85%, will raise film two to three last every day, until germinate.
Three, breeding station and seedling pack:
1, breeding station: adopt roof insulating, shade breeding station after germinateing.
2, seedling pack: after husky bed seedling grows 3～5 leaves, seedling is transferred to nutritional bag, then smooth good nursery adopts large nutritious bag, install seedling after, press 60cm * 60cm specification discharging, last seedling grows to 50cm～80cm higher position and can arrive field planting.
Four, field planting and cultivation management:
1, the land for growing field crops of plantation oil palm, the blown sand matter soil that, the content of organic matter deep with soil layer is abundant or yellow soil are for well, and P in soil H value is 6～6.5, plants specification: 8m * 8m;
2, growing and cultivation management:
A, field planting: at first to dig large cave (size dimension in large cave is: long 1.2m * wide 1.2m * high 1.2m), execute field planting base manure, mix fertilizer, earth backing, field planting, earthing and compacting set head, then irrigate normal root water after the field planting in 30 minutes, sprayed the worm bactericide after the last field planting in 7 days.And field planting preferably is not chosen in when cloudy day or temperature are not higher than 28 ℃ to be carried out, and can not apply fertilizer in 30 days after the field planting.
B, seedling management: be generally the 1st year seedling stage, can use according to upgrowth situation during this time the composite fertilizer of 50～500 grams, the auxiliary a small amount of trace first fertile (such as boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium) of using, base manure (the chicken manure that retting is good, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung) use 4 times, preferably can use the good liquid manure of retting, and keep ground moistening.In addition, can only adopt artificial or weeding by machine, the forbidding weed killer herbicide.
C, the period management of nourishing and growing: be generally the 2nd～3 year vegetative growth phase (totally 2 years), the oil palm growth is quick, and the tree stem is thick, and blade is long, the high necessary thick tree body of cultivating of output.Collect the weeds between plant, the base manure of doing on every side that is deposited in plant is used; The spring winter temperature is low, uses per month 1 kilogram composite fertilizer, and 10 kilograms of base manure enter the summer high-temperature phase, uses per month 2 kilograms of composite fertilizers and an amount of trace element fertilizer, uses 10 kilograms of fertilizers.Can be attended by growth of flower bud vegetative growth phase, must remove bud, to guarantee the growth of nutrient supply tree body so that the oil palm tree of growth in the 2nd year keeps 35～38 leaves, growth in the 3rd year the leaf of oil palm tree enclose and be 300cm～350cm.And two large " chlorions " of oil palm growth needs are preferably with chloride fertilizer and the suitable sea salt that uses.
D, reproductive growth period management (high yield period management): high term is generally in the 4th year or the 5th year beginning, manages properly, can continue 20 years.Oil palm is bud of leaf normally, and the flower of oil palm is female homophyletic, and male flower is the result not, and therefore keeping blade and induce female flower growth is the essential condition of high yield.
E, maintenance ground moistening: will often water the season in high temperature or arid, and fertilizer in the high yield stage (5～October) in 1 year, is used 3 kilograms of composite fertilizers and an amount of trace element fertilizer per month take long-acting base manure as main.And " palm one-tenth is spent agent (BBA) " that preferably can will use simultaneously our company, composition and percentage by weight that this palm becomes the flower agent to comprise are: fulvic acid 87%, zinc sulphate 10.5%, copper sulphate 0.5%, manganese sulphate 1.8%, four hydroxyl-B-homogeneous phase-oxa--lumistane-6-ketone 0.2% has the oil palm of enhancing metabolic function, promote the germinating of oil palm assimilation and bud embryo, prevent that the brood cell is downright bad, after using, can be conducted to the bud position by the oil palm Root Absorption, promote synthesizing of DNA and RNA, it is active to improve dna profiling, increases activity and the chromosomin matter of DNA and RNA polymerase, increases and activate the function of various enzymes in the tree body, improve cell leakage, increase growth hormone content, flowing of assimilation substance and nutrition accelerated in Promote cell's growth and elongation, break the bud dormancy, the embryo that activates in the bud continues to grow, and it is female to induce flower system to incline, and leaves more female flowers, bear more fruit strings, greatly improve fruit yield.
Above content is the further description of the present invention being done in conjunction with concrete optimal technical scheme, can not assert that implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method is characterized in that,
A, kind germinal choice: at first, in the situation of quiet wind, paternal plant cold-resistant from having, drought-enduring, waterlogging gene is collected pollen, and in the transparent plastic ware of packing into; Then, the pollen of collecting is pollinated at the pistil of the maternal plant plant with Yield Genes with large writing brush, and put ventilative bagging for the bud after the pollination, guarantee not infected by other pollen, solution is removed bagging after 5 days, and carries out mark; Then, the maternal plant plant after pollinating really conspires to create ripe rear harvesting and reserves seed for planting, and makes its one-tenth well-done after 5～7 days in fruit string placement warehouse; At last, select completely filled fruit, fruit that color is scarlet to give over to seed;
B, presprouting of seeds: adopt the vernalization of the husky bed of constant temperature, specifically include:
B1, the husky bed preparation of constant temperature: as required vernalization quantity is made, the husky bed of arrangement, and lays the hot water circuit water pipe in the sand bed, and the mode of adding a cover transparent plastic film keeps the interior temperature of husky bed;
B2, seed treatment: add 1.5～2.0% NaOH solution with 60 ℃ of hot water first and soaked seed 5～6 hours, and the iron staff that stings with the band weak point stirs, soaked seed 1.5～2 hours with 1.5～2.0% carbendazim solution more afterwards, then clean with clear water, air-dry, then with 5～10 ℃ of cold water soak seeds 1.5～2 hours, pull out, air-dry, 3 times so repeatedly;
B3, the vernalization of husky bed: the seed of handling well is put into husky bed, and the spacing 8～10cm between every seed, then cover sandy soil and cover upper film, then keep husky bed at 40 ℃ by the hot water circuit in the control water pipe, humidity 75～85%, will raise film two to three last every day, until germinate;
C, breeding station and seedling pack:
C1, breeding station: adopt roof insulating, shade breeding station after germinateing;
C2, seedling pack: after husky bed seedling grows 3～5 leaves, seedling is transferred to nutritional bag, then smooth good nursery adopts large nutritious bag, install seedling after, press 60cm * 60cm specification discharging, last seedling grows to 50cm～80cm higher position and can arrive field planting;
D, field planting and cultivation management:
Blown sand matter soil or the yellow soil that soil layer is deep, the content of organic matter is abundant selected in the land for growing field crops of d1, plantation oil palm, and P in soil H value is 6～6.5, plantation specification: 8m * 8m;
D2, growing and cultivation management:
D21, field planting: at first will dig large cave, execute field planting base manure, mix fertilizer, earth backing, field planting, earthing and compacting tree head, then irrigate normal root water after the field planting in 30 minutes, spray the worm bactericide after the last field planting in 7 days;
D22, seedling management: be generally the 1st year seedling stage, during can use according to upgrowth situation 50～500 grams composite fertilizers, it is auxiliary that to use a small amount of trace unit fertile, base manure is used 4 times, uses simultaneously the good liquid manure of retting, and keeps ground moistening;
D23, the period management of nourishing and growing: be generally the 2nd～3 year vegetative growth phase, because the springtime and winter temperature is low, use per month 1 kilogram composite fertilizer, 10 kilograms of base manure, enter the summer high-temperature phase, use per month 2 kilograms of composite fertilizers and an amount of trace element fertilizer, use 10 kilograms of fertilizers; Can be attended by growth of flower bud vegetative growth phase, must remove bud, to guarantee the growth of nutrient supply tree body so that the oil palm tree of growth in the 2nd year keeps 35～38 leaves, growth in the 3rd year the leaf of oil palm tree enclose and be 300cm～350cm;
D24, reproductive growth period management: high term is generally the 4th year or beginning in the 5th year, should keep ground moistening during this time, will often water the season in high temperature or arid, fertilizer is take long-acting base manure as main, in the high yield stage in 5～October in 1 year, use per month 3 kilograms of composite fertilizers and an amount of trace element fertilizer.
2. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described field planting should not be chosen in when cloudy day or temperature are not higher than 28 ℃ to be carried out, and can not apply fertilizer in 30 days after the field planting.
3. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described large cave size dimension is 1.2m * 1.2m * 1.2m.
4. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, adopts artificial or weeding by machine during described seedling stage.
5. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, also should use chloride fertilizer and suitably use sea salt to oil palm tree described vegetative growth phase, to replenish two large " chlorions " of oil palm growth needs.
6. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the trace unit that uses during described seedling stage is fertile to be boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium, and the base manure of using is the good chicken manure of retting, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung.
7. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the trace element fertilizer that described reproductive stage is used is that a kind of palm becomes the flower agent, the composition that comprises and percentage by weight are: fulvic acid 87%, zinc sulphate 10.5%, copper sulphate 0.5%, manganese sulphate 1.8%, four hydroxyl-B-homogeneous phase-oxa--lumistane-6-ketone 0.2%.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104429580A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-03-25 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Green palm seed seedling raising method |
| CN105594500A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州大自然科技股份有限公司 | Palm container seedling culture method |
| CN105850269A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-17 | 海南大学 | Germination method of high-lipid hard shell seeds |
| CN107950268A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-24 | 广西垚宇贸易有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of oil palm tree |
| CN111149496A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-05-15 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Leaf trimming method for improving fruit cluster yield of oil palm |
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| CN102084774A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-06-08 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for raising seedling of oil palm seed |
| CN102301849A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-04 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Oil palm seed pregermination method |
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| CN102084774A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-06-08 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for raising seedling of oil palm seed |
| CN102301849A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-04 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Oil palm seed pregermination method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104429580A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-03-25 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Green palm seed seedling raising method |
| CN105594500A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州大自然科技股份有限公司 | Palm container seedling culture method |
| CN105850269A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-17 | 海南大学 | Germination method of high-lipid hard shell seeds |
| CN105850269B (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2018-06-01 | 海南大学 | A kind of germinating method of the high lipid vegetable seeds of heavily fortified point shell |
| CN107950268A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-24 | 广西垚宇贸易有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of oil palm tree |
| CN111149496A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-05-15 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Leaf trimming method for improving fruit cluster yield of oil palm |
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| CN103371039B (en) | 2015-09-09 |
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