CN102301849A - Oil palm seed pregermination method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an oil palm seed pregermination method. The method comprises the following steps: collecting fresh oil palm seeds; removing the epicarp and fiber on the surfaces of the seeds; cleaning surface grease for standby; treating by chemical reagents, disinfecting, packaging, carrying out cold treatment and heat treatment, and then soaking in clean water; and placing at normal temperature until germinating. The oil palm seed pregermination method has the advantages of simple technology and low cost. The mode of soaking by chemical reagents and processing at changed temperature and constant temperature can effectively break through the dormancy of the recalcitrant seeds of the oil palm, accelerate oil palm seeds to quickly and tidily germinate, improve the seed culture planting percent of the oil palm, reduce disease infection on seeds and buds and improve the planting percent and the quality of seedlings.

Description

A kind of oil palm seed accelerating germination method

Technical field

The invention belongs to biological technical field, be specifically related to a kind of oil palm seed accelerating germination method.

Background technology

Oil palm belongs to perennial monocotyledon, is tropical woody oleiferous plants crop, and the pulp of oil palm, kernel oil-containing enrich, and the title of " world oil king " is arranged, and China introduces a fine variety the history in existing more than 80 year of oil palm, mainly is distributed in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi.Oil with palm kernel presses is oily palm fibre, and brown oil can be used for making soap, lubricating oil, cosmetics etc., also is textile industry, curriery, the zinc-plated adjuvant of iron sheet, is the high edible oil and fat of nutritive value after the brown olein refining, can be used for making butterine.

At present, producing the oil palm planting material overwhelming majority of cultivating upward use is the seedling of breeding through conventional hybridization method seeding.Because; The oil palm seed is a kind of recalcitrant, floorboard with high oil content seed; Germination rate is extremely low under the natural conditions; Germination cycle long (needing 1～2 year) even several years do not germinate; It is irregular to cause emerging, even seed goes mouldy and damage, and brings great inconvenience for the large-scale production of oil palm; Also increased many seedling costs, this also is technical barrier in the oil palm industry development.External main at present employing is xeothermic carries out vernalization with wet heating to the oil palm seed.The seed that xeothermic germination hastening method is about to disinfect places under 38～40 ℃ of conditions, keeps seed moisture content 21～22%, takes out after 90 days in the continuous vernalization of closed environment and germinates in one week of cooling immersion; The seed that the damp and hot method of urging is about to disinfect places under 38～40 ℃ of conditions, keeps seed moisture content 80～81%, takes out cooling after 90 days in the continuous vernalization of closed environment and germinates; Handle the oil palm seed with xeothermic and damp and hot germination hastening method, its germination rate changes greatly, and between 50～80%, the time of sprouting needs 15～40 days, length consuming time, and it is irregular to sprout, and has increased production and management cost, also is unfavorable for industrial large-scale production.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of oil palm seed accelerating germination method, the mode that adopts hot and cold processing to combine can be broken the stupid stubborn Seed Dormancy of oil palm effectively, promotes the oil palm seed fast, fitly germinate, and improves the oil palm planting percent of growing seedlings, and reduces production costs.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopted:

A kind of oil palm seed accelerating germination method, its step is following:

(1) seed selection: collect fresh oil palm seed, remove bad seeds such as shrivelled, mildew and rot, shell breakage.

(2) preliminary treatment: the exocarp and the fiber removal of the surface of the seed is clean, and the NaOH solution soaking oil palm seed with 1.5～2.0% 10～12 hours is to clean the grease on surface; Afterwards, soak clear water edulcoration after 1.5～2 hours, stroll zinc solution with 2.0～2.5% maneb again and soaked 0.5 hour, take out with the clean the surface of the seed of clear water subsequent use with 1.5～2.0% carbendazim solutions.

(3) chemicals treatment:, in soak, ventilate with air pump with seed continuous dipping 6～8 days in 38～40 ℃, 4.0～4.5% cyanogen propylhomoserin calcium solutions.Change treatment fluid during this time 1 time.

(4) seed disinfection and packing: the seed that will in cyanogen propylhomoserin calcium solution, soak is pulled out, strolls zinc solution with 1.0～1.5% carbendazim solutions immersion 0.5 hour, 1.5～2.0% maneb and soaks 0.5 hour; Pull air-dry (available electric fan dries up the surface) afterwards out, get final product, tighten sack, keep the capacity air in the bag with white plastic bag splendid attire to bag 1/3, subsequent use.

(5) seed cold treatment: packed seed is placed 15～16 ℃ of environment, and humidity is controlled at 70～75%, and cold treatment is 24～25 days continuously.

(6) seed thermal treatment: seed is placed 39～40 ℃ of environment, and humidity is controlled at 60～65%, continuous heat 60～65 days, during every two weeks open sack ventilation once.

(7) cooling processing: after the taking-up, in clear water, soaked 4～6 days, normal temperature is placed to germination.

Technology of the present invention is simple; Cost is low; The mode that adopts chemical agent immersion, alternating temperature and constant temperature to handle; Can break the stupid stubborn Seed Dormancy of oil palm effectively; Promote the oil palm seed fast, fitly germinate; Improve the oil palm planting percent of growing seedlings, reduced disease, improved the quality of planting percent and seedling the infecting of seed and young shoot.

Embodiment

With non-limiting embodiment the present invention is described further below; Should illustrate; Following examples only are used to illustrate the present invention, and it should not limit the scope of this invention, and any change that can be easy to make in this area can be deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.

Be example with No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 oil palm presproutings of seeds of deep fat below, the present invention done further describing:

In October; Artificial ripe each 100kg of fresh fruit of No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 oil palms of deep fat that gathers to the oil palm tree of oil palm garden; Take off the meat machine with most of removal such as oil palm exocarp (pulp) and fiber with the oil palm fresh fruit; Remove bad seeds such as shrivelled, mildew and rot, breakage according to seed outward appearance inspection; Therefrom respectively pick out 3000 of complete, full seeds; To the kind mark, with blade the remaining pulp and the fiber of the surface of the seed are scraped totally with artificial.NaOH solution soaking oil palm seed with 2.0%% was removed grease in 10 hours, went mouldy with minimizing.Afterwards, soak clear water edulcoration after 2 hours, stroll zinc solution with 2.5% maneb again and soaked 0.5 hour, take out with the clean the surface of the seed of clear water subsequent use with 1.8% carbendazim solution.

The vernalization processing mode is following:

(1) contrast: the seed of each kind is got 1000; In clear water, soak after 7 days and take out; Airing surface moisture content; White plastic bag splendid attire (500/bag) with length * wide * thick=30cm * 20cm * 0.5mm; Tighten sack with rubber band; Keep the capacity air in the bag,, observe germination in normal temperature held 90 days.

(2) traditional xeothermic germination hastening method: the seed of each kind is got 1000; White plastic bag splendid attire (500/bag) with length * wide * thick=30cm * 20cm * 0.5mm; Tighten sack with rubber band; Keep the capacity air in the bag; Place under 38～40 ℃ of conditions; Keep seed moisture content 21～22%, in climatic cabinate continuously vernalization takes out after 90 days cold really, soaking was placed on observation germination under the normal temperature in 7 days.

(3) germination hastening method of the present invention: 1. the seed of each kind is got 1000, in 38～40 ℃, 4.0～4.5% cyanogen propylhomoserin calcium solutions, soak 7 day time continuously respectively, and in soak, ventilate with air pump, during change treatment fluid 1 time, to keep water quality clean.2. stroll the zinc solution immersion with 1.0～1.5% carbendazim solutions immersion 0.5 hour, 1.5～2.0% maneb after taking out and carried out the secondary sterilization processing in 0.5 hour.3. No. 2, No. 3 oil palm seed natural air dryings of deep fat, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 oil palm seeds of deep fat dry up the surface of the seed with electric fan; With the white plastic bag splendid attire (500/bag) of length * wide * thick=30cm * 20cm * 0.5mm, tighten sack then, keep the capacity air in the bag with rubber band.4. seed packet was placed 16～18 ℃, the continuous cold treatment of climatic cabinate of humidity 75% 25 days.Adjustment environmental temperature to 38～40 ℃, humidity 65%; Take out continuous heat 60 days (during every two weeks open the sack ventilation once) back; In clear water, soaked 4～6 days, to replenish seed moisture content to the desired level that germinates, to take out the normal temperature observation seed sprouting situation down of placing.

Each germination result who handles sees table 1:

The different cultivars oil palm seed sprouting result that each vernalization of table 1 is handled

Result from table 1; Germination hastening method of the present invention obviously is better than contrast and traditional xeothermic germination hastening method: after vernalization 20 days; Percentage of seedgermination is 91.3～95.4% (all＞90%), and concurrent control germination rate≤0.2% (germinateing hardly), traditional dry heating method vernalization percentage of seedgermination＜10%; After 40 days, germination hastening method seed average germination percentage of the present invention reaches 95.24% in vernalization, and traditional dry heating method is 48.66%, and contrast then is 0.34%.Show germination hastening method practicability and effectiveness of the present invention.

The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from know-why of the present invention; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. an oil palm seed accelerating germination method is characterized in that, its step is following:

(1) seed selection: collect fresh oil palm seed, remove bad seed;

(2) preliminary treatment: the exocarp and the fiber removal of the surface of the seed is clean, and the NaOH solution soaking oil palm seed with 1.5～2.0% 10～12 hours is to clean the grease on surface; Afterwards, soak clear water edulcoration after 1.5～2 hours, stroll zinc solution with 2.0～2.5% maneb again and soaked 0.5 hour, take out with the clean the surface of the seed of clear water subsequent use with 1.5～2.0% carbendazim solutions;

(3) chemicals treatment:, in soak, ventilate with air pump with seed continuous dipping 6～8 days in 38～40 ℃, 4.0～4.5% cyanogen propylhomoserin calcium solutions; Change treatment fluid during this time 1 time;

(4) seed disinfection and packing: the seed that will in cyanogen propylhomoserin calcium solution, soak is pulled out, strolls zinc solution with 1.0～1.5% carbendazim solutions immersion 0.5 hour, 1.5～2.0% maneb and soaks 0.5 hour; Pull out air-dryly afterwards, 1/3 get final product with white plastic bag splendid attire to bag, tighten sack, reservation capacity air is subsequent use in the bag;

(5) seed cold treatment: packed seed is placed 15～16 ℃ of environment, and humidity is controlled at 70～75%, and cold treatment is 24～25 days continuously;

(6) seed thermal treatment: seed is placed 39～40 ℃ of environment, and humidity is controlled at 60～65%, continuous heat 60～65 days, during every two weeks open sack ventilation once;

(7) cooling processing: after the taking-up, in clear water, soaked 4～6 days, normal temperature is placed to germination.