CN110754163A - Novel process for ensuring germination rate of sesame seeds - Google Patents
Novel process for ensuring germination rate of sesame seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110754163A CN110754163A CN201911127656.9A CN201911127656A CN110754163A CN 110754163 A CN110754163 A CN 110754163A CN 201911127656 A CN201911127656 A CN 201911127656A CN 110754163 A CN110754163 A CN 110754163A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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Abstract
A new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, sesame seed pretreatment, step S2, sesame seed cleaning, step S3, sesame seed soaking treatment agent, step S4, sesame seed microwave treatment, step S5, sesame seed magnetic field treatment, step S6, and sesame seed bud induction. The invention also discloses the sesame seeds obtained by the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds. The novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds disclosed by the invention is simple and feasible, low in cost, free of danger, easy to operate manually and free of pollution; the germination rate, the germination vigor and the fresh and alive quality of the seedlings of the sesame seeds can be obviously improved; the method is favorable for reducing and effectively controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the sesame in the seedling stage, provides required nutrient elements for the germination of the sesame, adjusts the growth and development of the sesame and the environmental conditions of peripheral moisture, oxygen and the like, realizes the production standardization of the sesame seeds, and has higher economic value, social value and ecological value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a novel process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds.
Background
Sesame, also known as sesame, is a seed of flax, an annual upright herb, 60-150 cm high. It is distributed throughout tropical regions and parts of the temperate regions of the world. Sesame is one of the main oil crops in China, and has high application value. Its seed oil content is up to 55%. Since ancient times, China has various foods and delicious dishes made of sesame and sesame oil, and the foods and the delicious dishes are always famous. Sesame, called the eight-fold crown. Sesame is an oil crop, and the squeezed oil is called sesame oil, linseed oil and sesame oil, and is characterized by mellow smell and hot use when used unprocessed.
Sesame is outstanding among four edible oil crops in China and is one of the main oil crops in China. The oil extracted from sesame seeds, also called sesame oil, has a fragrant smell and can be used as edible oil or for medical purposes: used as massage oil, ointment base, lubricant, and antidote. The sugared sesame oil can be used for preparing cream and cosmetics. The perfume for producing perfume is obtained from flower and stem of sesame. The hot pressed sesame oil can be used for manufacturing carbon paper. The oil fume generated by the combustion of the sesame oil can be used for manufacturing high-grade ink. The stem of sesame can be used as fuel. Therefore, the development of sesame planting technology is particularly important.
Aiming at the problems that sesame seeds are easy to peck by birds after sowing, are easily infected by pathogenic bacteria such as damping off, blight and root rot in the seedling stage and insect pests such as cutworms, mole crickets, wireworms and grubs, and are easy to cause seedling shortage and ridge breaking; in addition, sesame seeds are small, the number of contained nutrient substances is small, seedling emergence after sowing is difficult, full seedlings are difficult to broadcast at one time, the general yield is reduced by 5% -20%, the yield is reduced by 60% -70% seriously, even the sesame seeds are completely harvested, the yield and the quality of the sesame seeds are seriously influenced, the sesame seeds become main factors for restricting the production of the sesame seeds, the production enthusiasm of a plurality of farmers is reduced, and the development of the sesame industry is severely restricted. Therefore, it is necessary to treat sesame seeds to ensure the germination rate thereof.
At present, the domestic treatment method of sesame seeds is a germination accelerating technology, and the main method is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of putting warm water with the temperature of 50-55 ℃ into a clean container, enabling the water amount to be 5 times of the volume of seeds, immersing the seeds into the warm water and continuously stirring, stopping stirring when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, further immersing for 8-12 hours, enabling the seeds to absorb enough water, then discharging water, draining the water, wrapping the seeds with gauze, wrapping the seeds with a soaked jute bag or towel outside, and putting the seeds in a pot for accelerating germination, wherein the method is called warm soup seed soaking, is the most common accelerating germination method at present, and is simple and convenient, but has many problems: the seedling emergence is slow, the bud vigor is weak, the seedling emergence is irregular, the big and small seedling phenomena are serious, if the seeds are dormant, the seedling emergence speed is slow, and the bud rate is low.
Therefore, the development of a new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is particularly urgent, and the method has very important significance for promoting the development of the sesame planting technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a novel process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds, which is simple and easy to implement, low in cost, free of danger, easy to manually operate and free of pollution; the germination rate, the germination vigor and the fresh and alive quality of the seedlings of the sesame seeds can be obviously improved; the method is favorable for reducing and effectively controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the sesame in the seedling stage, provides required nutrient elements for the germination of the sesame, adjusts the growth and development of the sesame and the environmental conditions of peripheral moisture, oxygen and the like, realizes the production standardization of the sesame seeds, and has higher economic value, social value and ecological value.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, sesame seed pretreatment: collecting mature sesame seeds, cleaning the sesame seeds, selecting clear weather, uniformly spreading the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, exposing the seeds to sunlight for 1-2 days, frequently turning the seeds, uniformly airing the seeds until the moisture content of the sesame seeds is 4-8%, and thus obtaining pretreated sesame seeds;
step S2, washing sesame seeds: placing the pretreated sesame seeds obtained through the treatment in the step S1 in a bactericide for treatment for 3-5 minutes, and then placing the sesame seeds in sterile water for cleaning;
step S3, a sesame seed soaking treatment agent: soaking the sesame seeds cleaned in the step S2 in a treating agent for 2-4 days, and performing ultrasonic treatment with a specific frequency while soaking;
step S4, performing sesame seed microwave treatment: placing the sesame seeds processed in the step S3 in a microwave for processing for 10-15 minutes;
step S5, sesame seed magnetic field treatment: the sesame seeds processed by the microwave in the step S4 are placed in a steady magnetic field for processing, the intensity of the magnetic field is 2200-3200Gs, and the time for processing the magnetic field is 20-25 min;
step S6, inducing buds of sesame seeds: wrapping the sesame seeds subjected to the magnetic field treatment in the step S5 with a wet towel or gauze, and then placing the wrapped sesame seeds into a seed germination box at 25-30 ℃ for germination.
Further, the bactericide in step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of lavender alcohol, 3-4 parts of bornyl acetate, 0.2-0.6 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.1-0.3 part of potassium permanganate and 80-90 parts of sterile water.
Further, the treating agent in the step S3 is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-0.3% of honeysuckle extract, 0.2-0.5% of rice vinegar, 0.1-0.4% of brassinosteroid, 0.1-0.3% of thiabendazole, 0.2-0.5% of 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, 0.3-0.7% of willow branch leaching agent, 0.1-0.4% of plant polysaccharide, 0.005-0.01% of gibberellin, 0.1-0.2% of chitosan and the balance of sterile water.
Further, the plant polysaccharide is at least one of pollen polysaccharide, fig polysaccharide, aloe polysaccharide and mulberry leaf polysaccharide.
Further, the preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: mixing the lonicera japonica thunb extract, rice vinegar, brassinosteroid, thiabendazole, 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, a willow branch leaching agent, plant polysaccharide, gibberellin, chitosan and sterile water in proportion, stirring for 3-5 hours at 70-78 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the treating agent.
Further, the soaking temperature in step S3 is 40 to 50 ℃.
Further, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave in step S3 is 300-1000 kHZ.
Further, the microwave frequency in step S4 is 500MHZ-300 GHZ.
Further, the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 60-80%, and the molecular weight is 50-80 ten thousand.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a sesame seed obtained by the above-mentioned new process for ensuring germination rate of sesame seeds.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds, provided by the invention, is simple and feasible, low in cost, free of danger, easy to operate manually and free of pollution; the germination rate, the germination vigor and the fresh and alive quality of the seedlings of the sesame seeds can be obviously improved; the method is favorable for reducing and effectively controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the sesame in the seedling stage, provides required nutrient elements for the germination of the sesame, adjusts the growth and development of the sesame and the environmental conditions of peripheral moisture, oxygen and the like, realizes the production standardization of the sesame seeds, and has higher economic value, social value and ecological value.
(2) According to the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds, the sesame seeds are highly likely to carry pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs after being picked, so that the sesame seeds are placed in the bactericide for sterilization treatment, the bactericide comprises the components of lavender alcohol, borneol acetate, thiophanate methyl, potassium permanganate and the like, and the synergistic effect can play roles in sterilization, deinsectization and virus resistance and also has the effect of promoting the germination of the sesame seeds.
(3) According to the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds, provided by the invention, the sesame seeds are treated by the treatment fluid, and the thiabendazole in the treatment fluid can play a good role in resisting diseases and insect pests; the 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate is added, and boron and potassium elements are introduced at the same time, so that the nutrition support can be improved for seed development.
(4) According to the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds, provided by the invention, the treatment solution for treating the sesame seeds contains brassinosteroid, gibberellin and willow branch leaching agents, and auxins are added in the treatment solution, so that the synergistic effect is realized, the germination of the seeds can be better promoted, and the growth of seedlings is also facilitated; the rice vinegar, the honeysuckle extract, the plant polysaccharide and the chitosan not only can provide nutrition for the development and growth of seeds, but also can improve the permeability of sesame seeds and promote the effect of effective components in the treatment liquid on the sesame.
(5) According to the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds, provided by the invention, the components in the treatment liquid act synergistically, so that the activity of various enzymes in the sesame seeds can be improved, the expression of stress-resistance related enzymes is stimulated, the stress resistance of the sesame seeds is improved, the expression of amylase and peroxidase in the sesame seeds is promoted, the respiratory strength of cells is enhanced, the development of sesame seed embryos is promoted, and the activity of the sesame seeds is improved. Carry out specific frequency's ultrasonic treatment when soaking kind, the ultrasonic treatment seed is current comparatively common seed treatment mode, and the ultrasonic wave can promote the germination of seed, the effectual germination characteristic that improves the sesame seed to and improve the solidification ability of sesame seedling to nutrition, thereby promote the growth and development of peanut.
(6) According to the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds, provided by the invention, after seed soaking, the microwave, the ultrasonic wave and the magnetic field are used for synergistic action, so that the solidification effect of the seeds on nutrient components in a treatment solution is enhanced, the germination characteristics of the seeds are improved, and the growth capacity of sesame seedlings is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The raw materials in the examples of the present invention were all purchased commercially.
Example 1
A new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, sesame seed pretreatment: collecting mature sesame seeds, cleaning the sesame seeds, selecting clear weather, uniformly spreading the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, exposing the seeds for 1 day in the sun, frequently turning over the seeds, uniformly airing the seeds till the moisture content of the sesame seeds is 4 percent, and obtaining pretreated sesame seeds;
step S2, washing sesame seeds: placing the pretreated sesame seeds obtained through the treatment in the step S1 in a bactericide for treatment for 3 minutes, and then placing the sesame seeds in sterile water for cleaning; the bactericide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of lavender alcohol, 3 parts of bornyl acetate, 0.2 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.1 part of potassium permanganate and 80 parts of sterile water;
step S3, a sesame seed soaking treatment agent: soaking the sesame seeds cleaned in the step S2 in a treating agent for 2 days, and performing ultrasonic treatment with a specific frequency while soaking; the soaking temperature is 40 ℃; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 300 kHZ;
step S4, performing sesame seed microwave treatment: placing the sesame seeds processed in the step S3 in a microwave for processing, wherein the processing time is 10 minutes; the microwave frequency is 500 MHZ;
step S5, sesame seed magnetic field treatment: the sesame seeds processed by the microwave in the step S4 are placed in a steady magnetic field for processing, the intensity of the magnetic field is 2200Gs, and the processing time of the magnetic field is 20 min;
step S6, inducing buds of sesame seeds: wrapping the sesame seeds subjected to the magnetic field treatment in the step S5 with a wet towel, and then putting the wrapped sesame seeds into a seed germination box at 25 ℃ for germination.
The treating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1% of honeysuckle extract, 0.2% of rice vinegar, 0.1% of brassinosteroid, 0.1% of thiabendazole, 0.2% of 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, 0.3% of willow branch leaching agent, 0.1% of pollen polysaccharide, 0.005% of gibberellin, 0.1% of chitosan and the balance of sterile water; the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 60%, and the molecular weight of the chitosan is 50 ten thousand.
The preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: mixing the lonicera japonica thunb extract, rice vinegar, brassinosteroid, thiabendazole, 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, a willow branch leaching agent, plant polysaccharide, gibberellin, chitosan and sterile water in proportion, stirring at 70 ℃ for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the treating agent.
Sesame seeds obtained by the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds are provided.
Example 2
A new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, sesame seed pretreatment: collecting mature sesame seeds, cleaning the sesame seeds, selecting clear weather, uniformly spreading the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, exposing the seeds to sunlight for 1.2 days, frequently turning the seeds, uniformly airing the seeds until the moisture content of the sesame seeds is 5 percent, and thus obtaining pretreated sesame seeds;
step S2, washing sesame seeds: the pretreated sesame seeds obtained through the treatment in the step S1 are placed in a bactericide for treatment for 3.5 minutes, and then are placed in sterile water for cleaning; the bactericide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.5 parts of lavender alcohol, 3.2 parts of bornyl acetate, 0.3 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.15 part of potassium permanganate and 82 parts of sterile water;
step S3, a sesame seed soaking treatment agent: soaking the sesame seeds cleaned in the step S2 in a treating agent for 2.5 days, and performing ultrasonic treatment with a specific frequency while soaking; the soaking temperature is 42 ℃; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 500 kHZ;
step S4, performing sesame seed microwave treatment: placing the sesame seeds processed in the step S3 in a microwave for processing, wherein the processing time is 11 minutes; the microwave frequency is 1000 MHZ;
step S5, sesame seed magnetic field treatment: placing the sesame seeds subjected to the microwave treatment in the step S4 in a stable and constant magnetic field for treatment, wherein the intensity of the magnetic field is 2400Gs, and the time for the magnetic field treatment is 21 min;
step S6, inducing buds of sesame seeds: wrapping the sesame seeds subjected to the magnetic field treatment in the step S5 with gauze, and then placing the wrapped sesame seeds into a seed germination box at 26 ℃ for germination.
The treating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.15% of honeysuckle extract, 0.25% of rice vinegar, 0.2% of brassinosteroid, 0.15% of thiabendazole, 0.3% of 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, 0.4% of willow branch leaching agent, 0.2% of fig polysaccharide, 0.006% of gibberellin, 0.12% of chitosan and the balance of sterile water; the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 65%, and the molecular weight is 60 ten thousand;
the preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: mixing the lonicera japonica thunb extract, rice vinegar, brassinosteroid, thiabendazole, 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, a willow branch leaching agent, plant polysaccharide, gibberellin, chitosan and sterile water in proportion, stirring at 72 ℃ for 3.5 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the treating agent.
Sesame seeds obtained by the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds are provided.
Example 3
A new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, sesame seed pretreatment: collecting mature sesame seeds, cleaning the sesame seeds, selecting clear weather, uniformly spreading the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, exposing the seeds to sunlight for 1.5 days, frequently turning the seeds, uniformly airing the seeds until the moisture content of the sesame seeds is 6 percent, and obtaining pretreated sesame seeds;
step S2, washing sesame seeds: placing the pretreated sesame seeds obtained through the treatment in the step S1 in a bactericide for treatment for 4 minutes, and then placing the sesame seeds in sterile water for cleaning; the bactericide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of lavender alcohol, 3.5 parts of bornyl acetate, 0.4 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.2 part of potassium permanganate and 85 parts of sterile water;
step S3, a sesame seed soaking treatment agent: soaking the sesame seeds cleaned in the step S2 in a treating agent for 3 days, and performing ultrasonic treatment with a specific frequency while soaking; the soaking temperature is 45 ℃; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 700 kHZ;
step S4, performing sesame seed microwave treatment: placing the sesame seeds processed in the step S3 in a microwave for processing, wherein the processing time is 13 minutes; the microwave frequency is 300 GHZ;
step S5, sesame seed magnetic field treatment: placing the sesame seeds subjected to the microwave treatment in the step S4 in a steady magnetic field for treatment, wherein the intensity of the magnetic field is 2800Gs, and the time of the magnetic field treatment is 23 min;
step S6, inducing buds of sesame seeds: wrapping the sesame seeds subjected to the magnetic field treatment in the step S5 with a wet towel or gauze, and then placing the wrapped sesame seeds into a seed germination box at 27 ℃ for germination.
The treating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2% of honeysuckle extract, 0.35% of rice vinegar, 0.25% of brassinosteroid, 0.2% of thiabendazole, 0.35% of 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, 0.5% of willow branch leaching agent, 0.25% of aloe polysaccharide, 0.008% of gibberellin, 0.15% of chitosan and the balance of sterile water; the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 70%, and the molecular weight of the chitosan is 65 ten thousand.
The preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: mixing the lonicera japonica thunb extract, rice vinegar, brassinosteroid, thiabendazole, 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, a willow branch leaching agent, plant polysaccharide, gibberellin, chitosan and sterile water in proportion, stirring for 4 hours at 76 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the treating agent.
Sesame seeds obtained by the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds are provided.
Example 4
A new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, sesame seed pretreatment: collecting mature sesame seeds, cleaning the sesame seeds, selecting clear weather, uniformly spreading the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, exposing the seeds to sunlight for 1.8 days, frequently turning the seeds, uniformly airing the seeds until the moisture content of the sesame seeds is 7 percent, and thus obtaining pretreated sesame seeds;
step S2, washing sesame seeds: the pretreated sesame seeds obtained through the treatment in the step S1 are placed in a bactericide for treatment for 4.5 minutes, and then are placed in sterile water for cleaning; the bactericide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of lavender alcohol, 3.9 parts of bornyl acetate, 0.5 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.29 part of potassium permanganate and 88 parts of sterile water;
step S3, a sesame seed soaking treatment agent: soaking the sesame seeds cleaned in the step S2 in a treating agent for 3.8 days, and performing ultrasonic treatment with a specific frequency while soaking; the soaking temperature is 48 ℃; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 900 kHZ;
step S4, performing sesame seed microwave treatment: the sesame seeds processed in the step S3 are treated in a microwave for 14.5 minutes;
step S5, sesame seed magnetic field treatment: placing the sesame seeds subjected to the microwave treatment in the step S4 in a steady magnetic field for treatment, wherein the strength of the magnetic field is 3000Gs, and the time for the magnetic field treatment is 24 min; the microwave frequency is 500 MHZ;
step S6, inducing buds of sesame seeds: wrapping the sesame seeds subjected to the magnetic field treatment in the step S5 with a wet towel or gauze, and then placing the wrapped sesame seeds into a seed germination box at 25-30 ℃ for germination.
The treating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25% of honeysuckle extract, 0.45% of rice vinegar, 0.35% of brassinosteroid, 0.25% of thiabendazole, 0.45% of 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, 0.6% of willow branch leaching agent, 0.3% of plant polysaccharide, 0.008 parts of gibberellin, 0.18% of chitosan and the balance of sterile water; the plant polysaccharide is formed by mixing pollen polysaccharide, fig polysaccharide, aloe polysaccharide and mulberry leaf polysaccharide according to the mass ratio of 1:3:2: 5; the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 75%, and the molecular weight of the chitosan is 75 ten thousand.
The preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: mixing the lonicera japonica thunb extract, rice vinegar, brassinosteroid, thiabendazole, 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, a willow branch leaching agent, plant polysaccharide, gibberellin, chitosan and sterile water in proportion, stirring at 76 ℃ for 4.5 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the treating agent.
Sesame seeds obtained by the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds are provided.
Example 5
A new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, sesame seed pretreatment: collecting mature sesame seeds, cleaning the sesame seeds, selecting clear weather, uniformly spreading the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, exposing the seeds for 2 days in the sun, frequently turning over the seeds, uniformly airing the seeds till the moisture content of the sesame seeds is 8 percent, and obtaining pretreated sesame seeds;
step S2, washing sesame seeds: placing the pretreated sesame seeds obtained through the treatment in the step S1 in a bactericide for treatment for 5 minutes, and then placing the treated sesame seeds in sterile water for cleaning; the bactericide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of lavender alcohol, 4 parts of borneol acetate, 0.6 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.3 part of potassium permanganate and 90 parts of sterile water;
step S3, a sesame seed soaking treatment agent: soaking the sesame seeds cleaned in the step S2 in a treating agent for 4 days, and performing ultrasonic treatment with a specific frequency while soaking; the soaking temperature is 50 ℃; the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 1000 kHZ;
step S4, performing sesame seed microwave treatment: placing the sesame seeds processed in the step S3 in a microwave for processing for 15 minutes; the microwave frequency is 300 GHZ;
step S5, sesame seed magnetic field treatment: placing the sesame seeds subjected to the microwave treatment in the step S4 in a steady magnetic field for treatment, wherein the intensity of the magnetic field is 3200Gs, and the time for the magnetic field treatment is 25 min;
step S6, inducing buds of sesame seeds: wrapping the sesame seeds subjected to the magnetic field treatment in the step S5 with a wet towel or gauze, and then placing the wrapped sesame seeds into a seed germination box at 30 ℃ for germination.
The treating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3% of honeysuckle extract, 0.5% of rice vinegar, 0.4% of brassinosteroid, 0.3% of thiabendazole, 0.5% of 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, 0.7% of willow branch leaching agent, 0.4% of mulberry leaf polysaccharide, 0.01% of gibberellin, 0.2% of chitosan and the balance of sterile water; the deacetylation degree of the chitosan is 80%, and the molecular weight of the chitosan is 80 ten thousand.
The preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: mixing the lonicera japonica thunb extract, rice vinegar, brassinosteroid, thiabendazole, 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, a willow branch leaching agent, plant polysaccharide, gibberellin, chitosan and sterile water in proportion, stirring at 78 ℃ for 5 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the treating agent.
Sesame seeds obtained by the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds are provided.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the step S1, the step of sesame seed pretreatment, is omitted.
Comparative example 2
This example provides a new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the step S2 and the sesame seed washing step are not performed.
Comparative example 3
This example provides a new process for ensuring the germination percentage of sesame seeds, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the step of soaking sesame seeds with the treatment agent in step S3 is omitted.
Comparative example 4
This example provides a new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the step of S4 and the step of microwave treatment of sesame seeds are omitted.
Comparative example 5
This example provides a new process for ensuring the germination percentage of sesame seeds, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that the step of S5 and the step of magnetic field treatment of sesame seeds are omitted.
To further illustrate the beneficial technical effects of the new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds in the embodiments of the present invention, the new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds described in the above embodiments 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5 was tested, and the test results are shown in table 1, and the test methods are as follows: picking the same batch of sesame seeds from the same planting base, then selecting 1000 sesame seeds with almost completely consistent sizes from the sesame seeds, randomly dividing the 1000 selected peanut seeds into 10 groups, then respectively treating the sesame seeds by the new process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds of the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-5, and after 5 days, counting and recording the germination rate of the seeds; and (5) counting and recording the survival rate, the number of lateral roots and the length of the lateral roots 15 days after seedling emergence.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate and the survival rate of the seeds in the embodiment of the invention are obviously higher than those of the comparative example, the survival rate is more than or equal to 97.5 percent, the germination rate is more than or equal to 95 percent, the survival rate of the comparative example is less than or equal to 96.6 percent, and the germination rate is less than or equal to 93 percent; compared with the comparative example, the embodiment of the invention has more lateral roots and longer lateral roots; the number of lateral roots is more than or equal to 19, the length of the lateral roots is more than or equal to 7.0cm, the number of the comparative lateral roots is less than or equal to 18.3, and the length of the lateral roots is less than or equal to 6.8 cm. Therefore, the new process for ensuring the germination rate of the sesame seeds, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the metabolism of the sesame seeds is faster, and the germination rate and the survival rate of the seeds are obviously improved, which is the result of the synergistic effect of the treatment agent soaking treatment, the ultrasonic treatment, the microwave treatment and the magnetic field treatment.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, sesame seed pretreatment: collecting mature sesame seeds, cleaning the sesame seeds, selecting clear weather, uniformly spreading the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, exposing the seeds to sunlight for 1-2 days, frequently turning the seeds, uniformly airing the seeds until the moisture content of the sesame seeds is 4-8%, and thus obtaining pretreated sesame seeds;
step S2, washing sesame seeds: placing the pretreated sesame seeds obtained through the treatment in the step S1 in a bactericide for treatment for 3-5 minutes, and then placing the sesame seeds in sterile water for cleaning;
step S3, a sesame seed soaking treatment agent: soaking the sesame seeds cleaned in the step S2 in a treating agent for 2-4 days, and performing ultrasonic treatment with a specific frequency while soaking;
step S4, performing sesame seed microwave treatment: placing the sesame seeds processed in the step S3 in a microwave for processing for 10-15 minutes;
step S5, sesame seed magnetic field treatment: the sesame seeds processed by the microwave in the step S4 are placed in a steady magnetic field for processing, the intensity of the magnetic field is 2200-3200Gs, and the time for processing the magnetic field is 20-25 min;
step S6, inducing buds of sesame seeds: wrapping the sesame seeds subjected to the magnetic field treatment in the step S5 with a wet towel or gauze, and then placing the wrapped sesame seeds into a seed germination box at 25-30 ℃ for germination.
2. The new process for ensuring germination percentage of sesame seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bactericide in step S2 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of lavender alcohol, 3-4 parts of bornyl acetate, 0.2-0.6 part of thiophanate methyl, 0.1-0.3 part of potassium permanganate and 80-90 parts of sterile water.
3. The new process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the treating agent in step S3 comprises the following components by mass percent: 0.1-0.3% of honeysuckle extract, 0.2-0.5% of rice vinegar, 0.1-0.4% of brassinosteroid, 0.1-0.3% of thiabendazole, 0.2-0.5% of 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, 0.3-0.7% of willow branch leaching agent, 0.1-0.4% of plant polysaccharide, 0.005-0.01% of gibberellin, 0.1-0.2% of chitosan and the balance of sterile water.
4. The new process for ensuring germination percentage of sesame seeds as claimed in claim 3, wherein the plant polysaccharide is at least one of pollen polysaccharide, fig polysaccharide, aloe polysaccharide and mulberry leaf polysaccharide.
5. The new process for ensuring germination percentage of sesame seeds as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the treating agent comprises the following steps: mixing the lonicera japonica thunb extract, rice vinegar, brassinosteroid, thiabendazole, 2-thienyl potassium trifluoride borate, a willow branch leaching agent, plant polysaccharide, gibberellin, chitosan and sterile water in proportion, stirring for 3-5 hours at 70-78 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the treating agent.
6. The process for ensuring germination percentage of sesame seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking temperature in step S3 is 40-50 ℃.
7. The new process for ensuring germination percentage of sesame seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave in step S3 is 300-1000 kHZ.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the microwave frequency in step S4 is 500MHZ-300 GHZ.
9. The new process for ensuring germination percentage of sesame seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein said chitosan deacetylation degree is 60-80% and molecular weight is 50-80 ten thousand.
10. Sesame seeds obtained by the novel process for ensuring the germination rate of sesame seeds according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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