CN111567379A - Cucumber seedling transplanting method - Google Patents
Cucumber seedling transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567379A CN111567379A CN202010436144.7A CN202010436144A CN111567379A CN 111567379 A CN111567379 A CN 111567379A CN 202010436144 A CN202010436144 A CN 202010436144A CN 111567379 A CN111567379 A CN 111567379A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cucumber seedling transplanting method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, preparing seedling culture nutrient soil; step S2, cucumber seed pretreatment; step S3, preparing a seedbed; step S4, accelerating germination of cucumber seeds; step S5, seedling raising; and step S6, transplanting. The invention also discloses a cucumber plant obtained by the cucumber seedling transplanting method. The seedling raising and transplanting method for the cucumbers, disclosed by the invention, shortens the germination time of the cucumbers, has the advantages of high seedling raising survival rate, short seedling revival period, high transplanting efficiency, simplicity in operation and high yield, the cultivated seedlings are strong in growth vigor, developed in root systems and strong in disease resistance, the morbidity of downy mildew, black spot and powdery mildew during cultivation is obviously reduced, the adaptability after transplanting is strong, the cold resistance of the cucumbers can be improved, the flowering rate and the maturing rate of the cucumbers are improved, and the cultivated cucumbers are better in taste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable transplanting, in particular to a cucumber seedling transplanting method.
Background
The cucumber original name cucumber has crisp and tender meat, multiple tastes and sweet, engenders liquid and quenches thirst, and has special fragrance. The cucumber not only contains various vitamins such as crude fiber, vitamin B1, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, vitamin C and the like, but also has the effects of promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, relieving restlessness and relieving summer heat, reducing swelling and promoting urination, treating sore throat, edema of limbs, dysentery with heat, hematochezia and the like, is deeply loved by people, and is one of the essential vegetables in modern family life.
With the increase of the market demand of cucumbers and the increase of the requirements on food safety and environmental protection, the requirements on the cucumber planting technology are higher and higher. The cucumber seeds planted by the existing planting technology have low germination rate, low seedling survival rate and low seed setting rate, so that the production cost can be increased. In order to solve the problem, a seedling transplanting mode is generally adopted, and the seedling transplanting is widely applied to the cucumber production in China by fully utilizing the advantages of growth season, early growth process, close planting of full seedlings and the like. In a cucumber seedling transplanting production system, the cucumber seedling is weak in growth vigor before transplanting, poor in root system development and not robust; the damage of root system is serious during transplanting, and the plant is difficult to absorb water and nutrient, so that the seedling revival time is long and the recovery is slow after transplanting, which are two important reasons influencing the field growth and yield of the cucumber.
In order to improve the technology of transplanting seedling of cucumber, researchers in the industry make many efforts and make many advances, but there is still room for improvement, and the chinese patent 10136439.9(2010) discloses a substrate for seedling of cucumber and a preparation method thereof, which is composed of vegetable stubble compost products, turf and vermiculite. Compared with the conventional seedling raising substrate, the seedling raising substrate reduces the using amount of the turf, and is beneficial to saving turf resources. However, the seedling raising substrate cannot promote morphological establishment of root systems of cucumber seedlings and maintain nitrogen concentration of rhizosphere after transplanting to form strong seedlings, and seedling revival time is shortened.
The Chinese patent with application number 201610122054.4 discloses an artificial seedling method of cucumber seeds, which comprises the following steps: preparing cucumber seeds; carrying out soaking pretreatment on cucumber seeds; treating cucumber seeds with medicaments; sterilizing cucumber seeds;
accelerating germination of cucumber seeds; and (5) sowing the cucumber seeds. Compared with the existing cucumber seedling raising technology, the artificial seedling raising method has the advantages that the seed germination rate is 95% -97%, the seedling transplanting survival rate is 90% -95.5%, the cultivated seedlings are strong in growth vigor, strong in root system and strong in disease resistance, the morbidity of downy mildew, black spot and powdery mildew during cultivation is obviously reduced, the adaptability after transplanting is high, the cold resistance of cucumbers can be improved, the flowering rate and the maturing rate of the cucumbers are improved, the yield is high, and the economic benefit is good. However, the cucumber seedlings obtained by the seedling raising method have weak growth vigor before transplantation, poor root system development and weak plants;
the damage of the root system is serious during transplanting, and the plants have difficulty in absorbing water and nutrients, so that the seedling reviving time is long and the recovery is slow after transplanting.
Therefore, the development of a novel method for seedling cultivation and transplanting of cucumbers, which has the advantages of high germination rate and transplanting survival rate, high yield, labor-saving and cost-saving processes, is imperative, and has very important significance for promoting the development of the vegetable seedling cultivation and transplanting technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a seedling raising and transplanting method for cucumbers, which shortens the germination time of the cucumbers, has the advantages of high seedling raising survival rate, short seedling recovering period, high transplanting efficiency, simple operation and high yield, and the cultivated seedlings have strong growth vigor, developed root systems, strong disease resistance, obviously reduced morbidity of downy mildew, black spot and powdery mildew during cultivation, strong adaptability after transplantation, improved cold resistance of the cucumbers, improved flowering rate and fructification rate of the cucumbers and better mouthfeel of the cultivated cucumbers.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cucumber seedling transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of seedling culture nutrient soil: uniformly mixing activated sludge, organic fertilizer, rice bran powder, agricultural wastes, amino-modified glucan, corn germ meal, corn vinasse, palm meal, peat soil powder, vermiculite powder, perlite and sawdust, processing, drying in the sun or oven after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, cucumber seed pretreatment: selecting naturally mature and strong cucumber seeds for seedling culture, putting the selected cucumber seeds into a pretreatment solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-3 minutes, then performing microwave treatment for 2-4 minutes, then performing low-frequency electromagnetic wave treatment for 1-3 minutes, taking out, and draining;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a land with sufficient sunlight and a deep soil layer as a seedbed, piling the nutrient soil prepared in the step S1 on the seedbed, covering the nutrient soil with a plastic film, sealing for 3-5 days, and then airing for 2-3 days;
step S4, cucumber seed germination accelerating: soaking the cucumber seeds pretreated in the step S2 in warm water of 50-60 ℃, continuously stirring, and preserving heat for soaking for 3-4 hours when the temperature naturally drops to 28-30 ℃; taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent for 3-5 hours, taking out the seeds, rubbing the seeds with clear water for 3-5 times, wrapping the seeds with a sterilized wet towel or gauze, and putting the wrapped seeds into a seed germination box at 25-30 ℃ for germination; irradiating seeds by adopting an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 210-260nm in the germination accelerating process for 1 minute every 1 hour;
step S5, seedling raising: burying the germination accelerating cucumber seeds prepared in the step S3 in the seedbed prepared in the step S3 by using nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S6, transplanting: and (5) transplanting 15-20 days after the heat preservation seedling raising in the step S4, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak roots, earthing after transplanting, and then performing conventional field management on the transplanted cucumbers.
Further, the agricultural waste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of corn stigma, 6-12 parts of crushed rice straw, 10-15 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 5-10 parts of peanut shells and 8-15 parts of dry cow dung.
Further, the processing method in step S1 is one of retting, ensiling, micro-storage, ammoniation, and fermentation.
Further, the organic fertilizer in step S1 is one or a combination of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, cow manure, and sheep manure.
Further, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the organic fertilizer, the rice bran powder, the agricultural waste, the amino-modified glucan, the corn germ meal, the corn distillers grains, the palm meal, the peat soil powder, the vermiculite powder, the perlite and the sawdust is 1:2:4:0.4:0.5:0.3:0.2:0.3:0.4:0.5:2: 5.
Further, the ultrasonic frequency in step S2 is 100-; the microwave frequency is 500MHZ-800 MHZ; the frequency of the low-frequency electromagnetic wave is 5-20 HZ.
Further, in the step S2, the pretreatment solution includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of baking soda, 3-7 parts of water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.01-0.03 part of gibberellin, 0.5-1.5 parts of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.7-1.2 parts of potassium bromide and 100 parts of water.
Further, the germinant in the step S4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of choline alfoscerate, 2-5 parts of rice vinegar, 0.5-1.5 parts of plant polysaccharide, 0.1-0.4 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.3-0.7 part of cyanamide, 1-3 parts of hyperbranched polyamino acid and 100 parts of sterile water.
Furthermore, the hyperbranched polyamino acid is prepared in advance, and the preparation method refers to the following steps: example 1 of chinese invention patent CN 101575412A.
Further, the plant polysaccharide is at least one of bamboo leaf polysaccharide, lentinan and wolfberry polysaccharide.
Further, the rooting agent in the step S6 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.4 part of 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl acetic acid hydrochloride, 0.5-1.5 parts of honey, 1-3 parts of amino modified glucan, 0.2-0.5 part of 3-indyl diphosphate disodium, 0.5-1.5 parts of salicylic acid and 1000 parts of sterile water 700-.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cucumber plant planted according to the method for transplanting seedling of cucumber.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the cucumber seedling transplanting method comprises the steps of preparing seedling nutrient soil, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared from activated sludge, organic fertilizer, rice chaff powder, agricultural wastes, amino-modified glucan, corn germ meal, corn vinasse, palm meal, peat soil powder, vermiculite powder, perlite and sawdust, all the components have synergistic effect, contain nutrient substances necessary for growth of cucumber seedlings, and have sufficient nutrition and good moisture absorption and preservation effects, so that moisture required for growth of the cucumber seedlings can be kept, the growth of the cucumber seedlings is facilitated, and the emergence rate and the survival rate are improved.
(2) According to the cucumber seedling transplanting method, before sowing, the cucumber seeds are subjected to ultrasonic and microwave treatment, so that the dormancy of the seeds is broken, the solidification effect of the seeds on nutrient components in a treatment solution is enhanced, the germination characteristics of the seeds are improved, and the growth capacity of cucumber seedlings is enhanced.
(3) The cucumber seedling and transplanting method comprises the following steps of soaking a pretreatment solution:
2-5 parts of baking soda, 3-7 parts of water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.01-0.03 part of gibberellin, 0.5-1.5 parts of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.7-1.2 parts of potassium bromide and 100 parts of water. The components have synergistic effect, so that the feed additive not only has sufficient nutrition, but also can further break seed dormancy, improve the permeability of seed coats, enhance cell respiration and promote cell division and differentiation.
(4) According to the seedling raising and transplanting method for cucumbers, the added germinator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1-4 parts of choline alfoscerate, 2-5 parts of rice vinegar, 0.5-1.5 parts of plant polysaccharide, 0.1-0.4 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.3-0.7 part of cyanamide, 1-3 parts of hyperbranched polyamino acid and 100 parts of sterile water. The synergistic effect of the components can improve the activity of various enzymes in the cucumber seeds, stimulate the expression of stress resistance related enzymes, improve the stress resistance of the cucumber seeds, promote the expression of amylase and peroxidase in the cucumber seeds, enhance the respiratory intensity of cells, promote the development of cucumber seed embryos and improve the activity of the cucumber seeds; during the accelerating germination process, ultraviolet light is used for irradiation, so that the growth of seedlings can be promoted.
(5) The invention relates to a cucumber seedling transplanting method, wherein the added rooting agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.4 part of 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl acetic acid hydrochloride, 0.5-1.5 parts of honey, 1-3 parts of amino modified glucan, 0.2-0.5 part of 3-indyl diphosphate disodium, 0.5-1.5 parts of salicylic acid and 1000 parts of sterile water 700-. Not only can provide nutrient substances, but also can induce rooting, improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings and be beneficial to the growth of the seedlings.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.
The hyperbranched polyamino acid is prepared in advance, and the preparation method refers to the following steps: example 1 of chinese invention patent CN 101575412A; the average molecular weight of the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 60 ten thousand, and the substitution degree is 75%.
Example 1
A cucumber seedling transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of seedling culture nutrient soil: uniformly mixing activated sludge, organic fertilizer, rice bran powder, agricultural wastes, amino-modified glucan, corn germ meal, corn vinasse, palm meal, peat soil powder, vermiculite powder, perlite and sawdust, processing, drying in the sun or oven after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, cucumber seed pretreatment: selecting naturally mature and strong cucumber seeds for seedling culture, putting the selected cucumber seeds into a pretreatment solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1 minute, then performing microwave treatment for 2 minutes, then performing low-frequency electromagnetic wave treatment for 1 minute, then taking out, and draining;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a land with sufficient sunlight and a deep soil layer as a seedbed, piling the nutrient soil prepared in the step S1 on the seedbed, covering the nutrient soil with a plastic film, sealing for 3 days, and airing for 2 days;
step S4, cucumber seed germination accelerating: soaking the cucumber seeds pretreated in the step S2 in warm water of 50 ℃, continuously stirring, and preserving heat for soaking for 3 hours when the temperature naturally drops to 28 ℃; taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent for 3 hours, taking out the seeds, rubbing the seeds for 3 times by using clear water, wrapping the seeds by using a sterilized wet towel or gauze, and putting the wrapped seeds into a seed germination box at 25 ℃ for germination; irradiating seeds by adopting an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 210nm for 1 minute every 1 hour in the germination accelerating process;
step S5, seedling raising: burying the germination accelerating cucumber seeds prepared in the step S3 in the seedbed prepared in the step S3 by using nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S6, transplanting: and S4, transplanting the cucumbers after heat preservation and seedling raising for 15 days, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, earthing the seedlings after transplanting, and then carrying out conventional field management on the transplanted cucumbers.
The agricultural waste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of corn stigma, 6 parts of crushed rice straw, 10 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 5 parts of peanut shell and 8 parts of dried cow dung.
The processing method in step S1 is retting; the organic fertilizer is chicken manure.
In the step S1, the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the organic fertilizer, the rice bran powder, the agricultural wastes, the amino modified glucan, the corn germ meal, the corn vinasse, the palm meal, the peat soil powder, the vermiculite powder, the perlite and the sawdust is 1:2:4:0.4:0.5:0.3:0.2:0.3:0.4:0.5:2: 5.
In step S2, the ultrasonic frequency is 100 kHZ; the microwave frequency is 500 MHZ; the low-frequency electromagnetic wave frequency is 5 HZ.
The pretreatment solution in the step S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of baking soda, 3 parts of water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.01 part of gibberellin, 0.5 part of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.7 part of potassium bromide and 100 parts of water.
The germinant in the step S4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of choline alfoscerate, 2 parts of rice vinegar, 0.5 part of bamboo leaf polysaccharide, 0.1 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.3 part of cyanamide, 1 part of hyperbranched polyamino acid and 100 parts of sterile water.
The rooting agent in the step S6 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1 part of 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-yl acetic acid hydrochloride, 0.5 part of honey, 1 part of amino modified glucan, 0.2 part of 3-indyl diphosphate disodium salt, 0.5 part of salicylic acid and 700 parts of sterile water.
A cucumber plant planted according to the cucumber seedling transplanting method.
Example 2
A cucumber seedling transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of seedling culture nutrient soil: uniformly mixing activated sludge, organic fertilizer, rice bran powder, agricultural wastes, amino-modified glucan, corn germ meal, corn vinasse, palm meal, peat soil powder, vermiculite powder, perlite and sawdust, processing, drying in the sun or oven after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, cucumber seed pretreatment: selecting naturally mature and strong cucumber seeds for seedling culture, putting the selected cucumber seeds into a pretreatment solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1.5 minutes, then performing microwave treatment for 2.5 minutes, then performing low-frequency electromagnetic wave treatment for 1.5 minutes, taking out, and draining;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a land with sufficient sunlight and a deep soil layer as a seedbed, piling the nutrient soil prepared in the step S1 on the seedbed, covering the nutrient soil with a plastic film, sealing for 3.5 days, and then airing for 2.2 days;
step S4, cucumber seed germination accelerating: soaking the cucumber seeds pretreated in the step S2 in warm water of 52 ℃, continuously stirring, and preserving heat for soaking for 3.2 hours when the temperature naturally drops to 28.5 ℃; taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent for 3.5 hours, taking out the seeds, rubbing the seeds with clear water for 4 times, wrapping the seeds with a sterilized wet towel, and putting the wrapped seeds into a seed germination box at 26 ℃ for germination; irradiating seeds by adopting an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 220nm for 1 minute every 1 hour in the germination accelerating process;
step S5, seedling raising: burying the germination accelerating cucumber seeds prepared in the step S3 in the seedbed prepared in the step S3 by using nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S6, transplanting: and S4, keeping the temperature for 16 days, transplanting, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution for root soaking, covering soil after transplanting, and performing conventional field management on the transplanted cucumbers.
The agricultural waste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of corn stigma, 7 parts of crushed rice straw, 11 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 6 parts of peanut shell and 9 parts of dried cow dung.
The processing method in step S1 is ensiling; the organic fertilizer is duck manure.
In the step S1, the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the organic fertilizer, the rice bran powder, the agricultural wastes, the amino modified glucan, the corn germ meal, the corn vinasse, the palm meal, the peat soil powder, the vermiculite powder, the perlite and the sawdust is 1:2:4:0.4:0.5:0.3:0.2:0.3:0.4:0.5:2: 5.
In step S2, the ultrasonic frequency is 200 kHZ; the microwave frequency is 600 MHZ; the low-frequency electromagnetic wave frequency is 7 Hz.
The pretreatment solution in the step S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of baking soda, 4 parts of water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.015 part of gibberellin, 0.7 part of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.9 part of potassium bromide and 100 parts of water.
The germinant in the step S4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of choline alfoscerate, 3 parts of rice vinegar, 0.7 part of lentinan, 0.2 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.4 part of cyanamide, 1.5 parts of hyperbranched polyamino acid and 100 parts of sterile water.
The rooting agent in the step S6 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-yl acetic acid hydrochloride, 0.7 part of honey, 1.5 parts of amino modified glucan, 0.3 part of 3-indyl diphosphate disodium salt, 0.7 part of salicylic acid and 800 parts of sterile water.
A cucumber plant planted according to the cucumber seedling transplanting method.
Example 3
A cucumber seedling transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of seedling culture nutrient soil: uniformly mixing activated sludge, organic fertilizer, rice bran powder, agricultural wastes, amino-modified glucan, corn germ meal, corn vinasse, palm meal, peat soil powder, vermiculite powder, perlite and sawdust, processing, drying in the sun or oven after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, cucumber seed pretreatment: selecting naturally mature and strong cucumber seeds for seedling culture, putting the selected cucumber seeds into a pretreatment solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 minutes, then performing microwave treatment for 3 minutes, then performing low-frequency electromagnetic wave treatment for 2 minutes, then taking out, and draining;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a land with sufficient sunlight and a deep soil layer as a seedbed, piling the nutrient soil prepared in the step S1 on the seedbed, covering the nutrient soil with a plastic film, sealing for 4 days, and then airing for 2.5 days;
step S4, cucumber seed germination accelerating: soaking the cucumber seeds pretreated in the step S2 in warm water of 55 ℃, continuously stirring, and preserving heat for soaking for 3.5 hours when the temperature naturally drops to 29 ℃; taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent for 4 hours, taking out the seeds, rubbing the seeds with clear water for 4 times, wrapping the seeds with a sterilized wet towel, and putting the wrapped seeds into a seed germination box at 28 ℃ for germination; irradiating seeds by adopting an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 235nm for 1 minute every 1 hour in the germination accelerating process;
step S5, seedling raising: burying the germination accelerating cucumber seeds prepared in the step S3 in the seedbed prepared in the step S3 by using nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S6, transplanting: and S4, transplanting the cucumbers 18 days after heat preservation and seedling raising, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, earthing the seedlings after transplanting, and then performing conventional field management on the transplanted cucumbers.
The agricultural waste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of corn stigma, 9 parts of crushed rice straw, 13 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 7.5 parts of peanut shell and 12 parts of dried cow dung.
The processing method in the step S1 is micro-storage; the organic fertilizer is pig manure.
In the step S1, the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the organic fertilizer, the rice bran powder, the agricultural wastes, the amino modified glucan, the corn germ meal, the corn vinasse, the palm meal, the peat soil powder, the vermiculite powder, the perlite and the sawdust is 1:2:4:0.4:0.5:0.3:0.2:0.3:0.4:0.5:2: 5.
In step S2, the ultrasonic frequency is 300 kHZ; the microwave frequency is 700 MHz; the low-frequency electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 12 Hz.
The pretreatment solution in the step S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.5 parts of baking soda, 5 parts of water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.02 part of gibberellin, 1 part of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.9 part of potassium bromide and 100 parts of water.
The germinant in the step S4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of choline alfoscerate, 3.5 parts of rice vinegar, 1 part of lycium barbarum polysaccharide, 0.25 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.45 part of cyanamide, 2 parts of hyperbranched polyamino acid and 100 parts of sterile water.
The rooting agent in the step S6 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.3 part of 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-yl acetic acid hydrochloride, 1 part of honey, 2 parts of amino modified glucan, 0.35 part of 3-indyl diphosphate disodium salt, 1 part of salicylic acid and 850 parts of sterile water.
A cucumber plant planted according to the cucumber seedling transplanting method.
Example 4
A cucumber seedling transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of seedling culture nutrient soil: uniformly mixing activated sludge, organic fertilizer, rice bran powder, agricultural wastes, amino-modified glucan, corn germ meal, corn vinasse, palm meal, peat soil powder, vermiculite powder, perlite and sawdust, processing, drying in the sun or oven after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, cucumber seed pretreatment: selecting naturally mature and strong cucumber seeds for seedling culture, putting the selected cucumber seeds into a pretreatment solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2.8 minutes, then performing microwave treatment for 3.8 minutes, then performing low-frequency electromagnetic wave treatment for 2.8 minutes, taking out, and draining;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a land with sufficient sunlight and a deep soil layer as a seedbed, piling the nutrient soil prepared in the step S1 on the seedbed, covering the nutrient soil with a plastic film, sealing for 4.5 days, and then airing for 2.8 days;
step S4, cucumber seed germination accelerating: soaking the cucumber seeds pretreated in the step S2 in warm water of 58 ℃, continuously stirring, and preserving heat for soaking for 3.8 hours when the temperature naturally drops to 29.5 ℃; taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent for 4.8 hours, taking out the seeds, rubbing the seeds with clear water for 5 times, wrapping the seeds with sterilized gauze, and putting the wrapped seeds into a seed germination box at 29 ℃ for germination; irradiating seeds by adopting an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 210-260nm in the germination accelerating process for 1 minute every 1 hour;
step S5, seedling raising: burying the germination accelerating cucumber seeds prepared in the step S3 in the seedbed prepared in the step S3 by using nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S6, transplanting: and (5) transplanting 15-20 days after the heat preservation seedling raising in the step S4, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak roots, earthing after transplanting, and then performing conventional field management on the transplanted cucumbers.
The agricultural waste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of corn stigma, 11 parts of crushed rice straw, 14 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 9 parts of peanut shell and 14 parts of dried cow dung.
The processing method in the step S1 is one of an ammoniation method and fermentation; the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2:2: 1.
In the step S1, the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the organic fertilizer, the rice bran powder, the agricultural wastes, the amino modified glucan, the corn germ meal, the corn vinasse, the palm meal, the peat soil powder, the vermiculite powder, the perlite and the sawdust is 1:2:4:0.4:0.5:0.3:0.2:0.3:0.4:0.5:2: 5.
In step S2, the ultrasonic frequency is 350 kHZ; the microwave frequency is 750 MHZ; the low frequency electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 18 HZ.
The pretreatment solution in the step S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of baking soda, 6 parts of water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.025 part of gibberellin, 1.4 parts of glycyrrhizic acid, 1.1 parts of potassium bromide and 100 parts of water.
The germinant in the step S4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.5 parts of choline alfoscerate, 4.5 parts of rice vinegar, 1.4 parts of plant polysaccharide, 0.38 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.6 part of cyanamide, 2.8 parts of hyperbranched polyamino acid and 100 parts of sterile water; the plant polysaccharide is formed by mixing bamboo leaf polysaccharide, lentinan and lycium barbarum polysaccharide according to a mass ratio of 1:3: 2.
The rooting agent in the step S6 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.35 part of 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-yl acetic acid hydrochloride, 1.4 parts of honey, 2.8 parts of amino modified glucan, 0.45 part of 3-indyl diphosphate disodium salt, 1.4 parts of salicylic acid and 950 parts of sterile water.
A cucumber plant planted according to the cucumber seedling transplanting method.
Example 5
A cucumber seedling transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of seedling culture nutrient soil: uniformly mixing activated sludge, organic fertilizer, rice bran powder, agricultural wastes, amino-modified glucan, corn germ meal, corn vinasse, palm meal, peat soil powder, vermiculite powder, perlite and sawdust, processing, drying in the sun or oven after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, cucumber seed pretreatment: selecting naturally mature and strong cucumber seeds for seedling culture, putting the selected cucumber seeds into a pretreatment solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 3 minutes, then performing microwave treatment for 4 minutes, then performing low-frequency electromagnetic wave treatment for 3 minutes, then taking out, and draining;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a land with sufficient sunlight and a deep soil layer as a seedbed, piling the nutrient soil prepared in the step S1 on the seedbed, covering the nutrient soil with a plastic film, sealing for 5 days, and airing for 3 days;
step S4, cucumber seed germination accelerating: soaking the cucumber seeds pretreated in the step S2 in warm water of 60 ℃, continuously stirring, and preserving heat for soaking for 4 hours when the temperature naturally drops to 30 ℃; taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent for 5 hours, taking out the seeds, rubbing the seeds with clear water for 3-5 times, wrapping the seeds with a sterilized wet towel or gauze, and putting the wrapped seeds into a seed germination box at 30 ℃ for germination; irradiating seeds by adopting an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 260nm for 1 minute every 1 hour in the germination accelerating process;
step S5, seedling raising: burying the germination accelerating cucumber seeds prepared in the step S3 in the seedbed prepared in the step S3 by using nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S6, transplanting: and S4, transplanting the cucumbers after the seedlings are cultured in a heat preservation way for 20 days, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak the roots, earthing the seedlings after transplanting, and then carrying out conventional field management on the transplanted cucumbers.
The agricultural waste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of corn stigma, 12 parts of crushed rice stems, 15 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 10 parts of peanut shells and 15 parts of dried cow dung.
The processing method in the step S1 is fermentation; the organic fertilizer is sheep manure.
In the step S1, the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the organic fertilizer, the rice bran powder, the agricultural wastes, the amino modified glucan, the corn germ meal, the corn vinasse, the palm meal, the peat soil powder, the vermiculite powder, the perlite and the sawdust is 1:2:4:0.4:0.5:0.3:0.2:0.3:0.4:0.5:2: 5.
In step S2, the ultrasonic frequency is 400 kHZ; the microwave frequency is 800 MHZ; the low-frequency electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 20 Hz.
The pretreatment solution in the step S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of baking soda, 7 parts of water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.03 part of gibberellin, 1.5 parts of glycyrrhizic acid, 1.2 parts of potassium bromide and 100 parts of water.
The germinant in the step S4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of choline alfoscerate, 5 parts of rice vinegar, 1.5 parts of lycium barbarum polysaccharide, 0.4 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.7 part of cyanamide, 3 parts of hyperbranched polyamino acid and 100 parts of sterile water.
The rooting agent in the step S6 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4 part of 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-yl acetic acid hydrochloride, 1.5 parts of honey, 3 parts of amino modified glucan, 0.5 part of 3-indyl diphosphate disodium salt, 1.5 parts of salicylic acid and 1000 parts of sterile water.
A cucumber plant planted according to the cucumber seedling transplanting method.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a method for transplanting seedling of cucumber, which is substantially the same as example 1, except that there is no pretreatment of cucumber seeds in step S2.
Comparative example 2
This example provides a cucumber seedling transplantation method which is substantially the same as in example 1 except that the seedling nutrient soil is replaced with ordinary soil.
Comparative example 3
This example provides a cucumber seedling transplantation method, which is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that there is no step S4 of accelerating germination of cucumber seeds.
In order to further illustrate the beneficial technical effects of the cucumber seedling transplanting method in the embodiment of the present invention, the effects of the cucumber seedling transplanting method described in the above embodiments 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3 are tested, the test results are shown in table 1, and the test methods are as follows: the same batch of cucumber seeds picked from the same planting base are respectively transplanted for seedling by adopting the methods of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3, and then the germination rate, the transplanting survival rate and the average height of the seedlings after 1 month of transplantation of the seeds are counted.
TABLE 1
| Item | Mean height of seedlings after 2 months | Survival rate of transplantation | Germination rate |
| Unit of | cm | ％ | ％ |
| Example 1 | 19.21 | 99 | 99 |
| Example 2 | 19.38 | 100 | 99 |
| Example 3 | 19.44 | 100 | 100 |
| Example 4 | 19.50 | 100 | 100 |
| Example 5 | 19.63 | 100 | 100 |
| Comparative example 1 | 16.19 | 90 | 93 |
| Comparative example 2 | 16.22 | 88 | 94 |
| Comparative example 3 | 16.12 | 93 | 90 |
As can be seen from the table 1, the germination rate of the transplanted cucumbers cultured by the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is 99-100%, the transplanting survival rate is 99-100%, and the average height of the seedlings is 19.21-19.63cm after 1 month after transplanting; by adopting the method in the prior art, the germination rate is 90-94%, the transplanting survival rate is 88-93%, and the average height of the seedlings after 1 month of transplanting is 16.12-16.19 cm; therefore, the cucumber seedling transplanting method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of better seedling transplanting effect, higher efficiency, higher germination rate and transplanting survival rate and better seedling growth quality.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for controlling a power converter in a power converter, including a power converter, a power.
Claims (10)
1. A cucumber seedling transplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparation of seedling culture nutrient soil: uniformly mixing activated sludge, organic fertilizer, rice bran powder, agricultural wastes, amino-modified glucan, corn germ meal, corn vinasse, palm meal, peat soil powder, vermiculite powder, perlite and sawdust, processing, drying in the sun or oven after the materials are cooked, sterilizing at high temperature, and bagging for later use;
step S2, cucumber seed pretreatment: selecting naturally mature and strong cucumber seeds for seedling culture, putting the selected cucumber seeds into a pretreatment solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1-3 minutes, then performing microwave treatment for 2-4 minutes, then performing low-frequency electromagnetic wave treatment for 1-3 minutes, taking out, and draining;
step S3, seedbed preparation: selecting a land with sufficient sunlight and a deep soil layer as a seedbed, piling the nutrient soil prepared in the step S1 on the seedbed, covering the nutrient soil with a plastic film, sealing for 3-5 days, and then airing for 2-3 days;
step S4, cucumber seed germination accelerating: soaking the cucumber seeds pretreated in the step S2 in warm water of 50-60 ℃, continuously stirring, and preserving heat for soaking for 3-4 hours when the temperature naturally drops to 28-30 ℃; taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent for 3-5 hours, taking out the seeds, rubbing the seeds with clear water for 3-5 times, wrapping the seeds with a sterilized wet towel or gauze, and putting the wrapped seeds into a seed germination box at 25-30 ℃ for germination; irradiating seeds by adopting an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 210-260nm in the germination accelerating process for 1 minute every 1 hour;
step S5, seedling raising: burying the germination accelerating cucumber seeds prepared in the step S3 in the seedbed prepared in the step S3 by using nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is fluffy; sprinkling water, covering with agricultural film, performing later-stage management, and performing heat preservation and seedling culture;
step S6, transplanting: and (5) transplanting 15-20 days after the heat preservation seedling raising in the step S4, taking the seedlings before transplanting, putting the seedlings into a rooting agent solution to soak roots, earthing after transplanting, and then performing conventional field management on the transplanted cucumbers.
2. The cucumber seedling transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agricultural waste comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of corn stigma, 6-12 parts of crushed rice straw, 10-15 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 5-10 parts of peanut shells and 8-15 parts of dry cow dung.
3. A method for transplanting seedlings of cucumber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing method in step S1 is one of retting, ensiling, micro-storing, ammonifying and fermenting.
4. A seedling raising and transplanting method for cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer in the step S1 is one or a combination of chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure.
5. The cucumber seedling transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the activated sludge, the organic fertilizer, the rice chaff powder, the agricultural waste, the amino-modified glucan, the corn germ meal, the corn distiller' S grains, the palm meal, the peat soil powder, the vermiculite powder, the perlite and the sawdust in step S1 is 1:2:4:0.4:0.5:0.3:0.2:0.3:0.4:0.5:2: 5.
6. A cucumber seedling and transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic frequency in step S2 is 100kHZ to 400 kHZ; the microwave frequency is 500MHZ-800 MHZ; the frequency of the low-frequency electromagnetic wave is 5HZ-20 HZ.
7. A cucumber seedling and transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment solution in step S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of baking soda, 3-7 parts of water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.01-0.03 part of gibberellin, 0.5-1.5 parts of glycyrrhizic acid, 0.7-1.2 parts of potassium bromide and 100 parts of water.
8. A cucumber seedling and transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the germination promoter in step S4 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of choline alfoscerate, 2-5 parts of rice vinegar, 0.5-1.5 parts of plant polysaccharide, 0.1-0.4 part of calcium superphosphate, 0.3-0.7 part of cyanamide, 1-3 parts of hyperbranched polyamino acid and 100 parts of sterile water; the plant polysaccharide is at least one of bamboo leaf polysaccharide, lentinan and lycium barbarum polysaccharide.
9. The cucumber seedling transplanting method according to claim 1, wherein the rooting agent in step S6 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.4 part of 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl acetic acid hydrochloride, 0.5-1.5 parts of honey, 1-3 parts of amino modified glucan, 0.2-0.5 part of 3-indyl diphosphate disodium, 0.5-1.5 parts of salicylic acid and 1000 parts of sterile water 700-.
10. A cucumber plant grown according to the cucumber seedling transplanting method of any one of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010436144.7A CN111567379A (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2020-05-21 | Cucumber seedling transplanting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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