CN103371039B - A kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103371039B CN103371039B CN201210114208.7A CN201210114208A CN103371039B CN 103371039 B CN103371039 B CN 103371039B CN 201210114208 A CN201210114208 A CN 201210114208A CN 103371039 B CN103371039 B CN 103371039B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method, main employing is hybridized containing parent oil palm that is cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging, Yield Genes at home, and cultivates more than 7 years, then collects seed in high yield oil palm tree; Coordinate dell to loosen the soil, high fertile, rational proportion trace element fertilizer, the technology of managing production of control bud control flower, finally reaches high yield.By breeding cultivation method of the present invention, oil palm can not only be planted within north latitude 23 degree, greatly expand the plantable area of oil palm, China is planted domestic being also applicable to, solves this area for many years insurmountable difficult problem; And cultivate high yield, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging oil palm, make per mu yield hair palm oil can reach more than 500 kilograms, substantially increase the economic benefit of Conditions In Relation To Oil Palm Cultivation.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to oil palm tree planting technology field, particularly relate to a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method.
[background technology]
China is 60,70, and to introduce the mode of seedling, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan were planted oil palm, but finally all failed at home respectively abroad respectively the eighties.After deliberation, the main cause of these three introduction of plant failures is: what 1, introduce is tropical kind, and tolerance to cold is weak; 2, the long-term rainwater of tropical climate is even, and the arid time is very short, and seldom, the kind of introduction cannot adapt to the weather of domestic arid time length; 3, yield poorly, there is no economic worth; 4, cultivation management is improper.Finally, the conclusion summed up in academy of agricultural sciences of country of China eighties is: domestic being not suitable for of China plants oil palm.
[summary of the invention]
In order to solve the domestic wrong prejudice being not suitable for planting oil palm of the above-mentioned difficulties that exists in prior art and China, the invention provides a kind of high yield, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging, greatly expanding the oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method can planting area.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that prior art problem adopts:
A, kind germinal choice: first, when quiet wind, collect pollen from the paternal plant with cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging gene, and load in transparent plastic ware; Then, pollinated on the pistil of maternal plant plant with Yield Genes by the large writing brush of the pollen collected, and put ventilative bagging to the bud after pollination, ensure not infect by other pollen, after 5 days, solution removes bagging, and carries out mark; Then, maternal plant plant after pollinating fruit conspire to create ripe after plucks and reserves seed for planting, and make it become well-done after 5 ~ 7 days in fruit string placement warehouse; Finally, select completely filled fruit, fruit that color is scarlet gives over to seed;
B, presprouting of seeds: adopt the husky bed vernalization of constant temperature, specifically include:
The husky bed of b1, constant temperature prepares: vernalization quantity as required makes, arranges husky bed, and lays hot water circuit water pipe in husky bed, and the mode of adding a cover transparent plastic film keeps the temperature in husky bed;
B2, seed treatment: first soak seed 5 ~ 6 hours by the NaOH solution that 60 DEG C of hot water add 1.5 ~ 2.0%, and stir with the iron staff of the short thorn of band, seed is soaked 1.5 ~ 2 hours more afterwards with the carbendazim solution of 1.5 ~ 2.0%, then clean with clear water, air-dry, then use 5 ~ 10 DEG C of cold water soak seeds 1.5 ~ 2 hours, pull out, air-dry, 3 times so repeatedly;
B3, husky bed vernalization: the seed handled well is put into husky bed, and the spacing 8 ~ 10cm between every seed, then sandy soil are covered and the upper film of cover, then keep husky bed at 40 DEG C by the hot water circuit controlled in water pipe, humidity 75 ~ 85%, last every day will raise film two to three times, until germinate;
C, breeding station and seedling pack:
C1, breeding station: after germination, adopt roof insulating, shade breeding station;
C2, seedling pack: after husky bed seedling grows 3 ~ 5 leaves, seedling is transferred to nutritional bag, then smooth good nursery, adopts large nutritious bag, after installing seedling, by the discharge of 60cm × 60cm specification, last seedling grows to 50cm ~ 80cm higher position can arrive field planting;
D, field planting and cultivation management:
Soil layer is deep, the content of organic matter is abundant non-sand or yellow soil are selected in the land for growing field crops of d1, plantation oil palm, and P in soil H value is 6 ~ 6.5, plantation specification: 8m × 8m;
D2, growing and cultivation manage:
D21, field planting: first to dig large cave, execute field planting base manure, mix fertilizer, earth backing, field planting, earthing and compacting tree head, then irrigate normal root water in 30 minutes after field planting, within after last field planting 7 days, spray worm bactericide;
D22, seedling management: be generally the 1st year seedling stage, period can use the composite fertilizer of 50 ~ 500 grams according to upgrowth situation, auxiliaryly use a small amount of trace element fertilizer, and base manure uses 4 times, uses the liquid manure that retting is good simultaneously, and keeps ground moistening;
D23, period management of nourishing and growing: be generally 2nd ~ 3 years vegetative growth phase, because springtime and winter temperature is low, monthly use the composite fertilizer of 1 kilogram, 10 kilograms of base manure, enter the summer high-temperature phase, monthly use 2 kilograms of composite fertilizers and appropriate trace element fertilizer, use 10 kilograms of fertilizers; Vegetative growth phase can be attended by growth of flower bud, must remove bud, to ensure the growth of nutrient supply tree body, keeps 35 ~ 38 leaves with the oil palm tree making grow for the 2nd year, within the 3rd year, grow the leaf of oil palm tree enclose for 300cm ~ 350cm;
D24, reproductive growth period management: high term generally starts the 4th year or the 5th year, period should keep ground moistening, to often water in the season of high temperature or arid, fertilizer is based on long-acting base manure, in the high yield stage in 5 ~ October in 1 year, monthly use 3 kilograms of composite fertilizers and appropriate trace element fertilizer.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described field planting should be selected not carry out higher than when 28 DEG C at cloudy day or temperature, and can not apply fertilizer in 30 days after field planting.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described large cave size dimension is 1.2m × 1.2m × 1.2m.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, during described seedling stage, adopt artificial or weeding by machine.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described vegetative growth phase also should be used chloride fertilizer to oil palm tree and suitably use sea salt, with two of supplementary oil palm growth needs large " chlorions ".
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the trace element fertilizer used during described seedling stage is boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium, and the base manure used is the chicken manure that retting is good, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the trace element fertilizer that described reproductive stage is used is that a kind of palm becomes flower agent, the composition comprised and percentage by weight are: fulvic acid 87%, zinc sulphate 10.5%, copper sulphate 0.5%, manganese sulphate 1.8%, four hydroxyl-B-homogeneous phase-oxa--lumistane-6-ketone 0.2%.
The present invention, by technique scheme, can realize following beneficial effect:
1, oil palm can be made to plant within north latitude 23 degree, change and think in the past and the viewpoint that oil palm can only plant within north latitude 15 degree greatly expand the plantable area of oil palm, China be planted, solution this area for many years insurmountable difficult problem domestic being also applicable to;
2, cultivate high yield, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging oil palm, make per mu yield hair palm oil can reach more than 500 kilograms, substantially increase the economic benefit of Conditions In Relation To Oil Palm Cultivation.
[embodiment]
Below technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
Disclosed a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method, main employing is hybridized containing parent oil palm that is cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging, Yield Genes at home, and cultivates more than 7 years, then collects seed in high yield oil palm tree; Coordinate dell to loosen the soil, high fertile, rational proportion trace element fertilizer, the technology of managing production of control bud control flower, finally reaches high yield.Specifically include:
One, germinal choice is planted:
1, collect pollen: when quiet wind, collect pollen from the paternal plant with cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging gene, and load in transparent plastic ware;
2, pollinate: pollinated on the pistil of maternal plant plant with Yield Genes by the large writing brush of the pollen collected, and put ventilative bagging to the bud after pollination, ensure not infect by other pollen, after 5 days, solution removes bagging, and carries out mark;
3, the maternal plant plant fruit after pollinating conspire to create ripe after plucks and reserves seed for planting, and make it become well-done after 5 ~ 7 days in fruit string placement warehouse;
4, choose seeds: selection completely filled fruit, the fruit that color is scarlet give over to seed.
Two, presprouting of seeds:
Adopt the husky bed vernalization of constant temperature, specifically include:
1, the husky bed of constant temperature prepares: arrange husky bed (vernalization quantity as required makes husky bed size), lay water pipe in husky bed, adopts hot water circuit, and the mode of adding a cover transparent plastic film keeps the temperature in husky bed.
2, seed treatment: first soak seed 5 ~ 6 hours by the NaOH solution that 60 DEG C of hot water add 1.5 ~ 2.0%, and stir with the iron staff of the short thorn of band, seed is soaked 1.5 ~ 2 hours more afterwards with the carbendazim solution of 1.5 ~ 2.0%, then clean with clear water, air-dry, then use 5 ~ 10 DEG C of cold water soak seeds 1.5 ~ 2 hours, pull out, air-dry, 3 times so repeatedly;
3, husky bed vernalization: the seed handled well is put into husky bed, and the spacing 8 ~ 10cm between every seed, then sandy soil are covered and the upper film of cover, then keep husky bed at 40 DEG C by the hot water circuit controlled in water pipe, humidity 75 ~ 85%, last every day will raise film two to three times, until germinate.
Three, breeding station and seedling pack:
1, breeding station: adopt roof insulating after germination, shade breeding station.
2, seedling pack: after husky bed seedling grows 3 ~ 5 leaves, seedling is transferred to nutritional bag, then smooth good nursery, adopts large nutritious bag, after installing seedling, by the discharge of 60cm × 60cm specification, last seedling grows to 50cm ~ 80cm higher position can arrive field planting.
Four, field planting and cultivation management:
1, plant the land for growing field crops of oil palm, as well, P in soil H value is 6 ~ 6.5 for the non-sand deep with soil layer, the content of organic matter is abundant or yellow soil, plantation specification: 8m × 8m;
2, growing and cultivation management:
A, field planting: first to dig large cave (size dimension in large cave is: long 1.2m × wide 1.2m × high 1.2m), execute field planting base manure, mix fertilizer, earth backing, field planting, earthing and compacting tree head, then irrigate normal root water in 30 minutes after field planting, within after last field planting 7 days, spray worm bactericide.And field planting is preferably selected not carry out higher than when 28 DEG C at cloudy day or temperature, can not apply fertilizer after field planting in 30 days.
B, seedling management: be generally the 1st year seedling stage, period can use the composite fertilizer of 50 ~ 500 grams according to upgrowth situation, assist and use a small amount of trace element fertilizer (as boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium), base manure (the chicken manure that retting is good, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung) use 4 times, preferably can use the good liquid manure of retting, and keep ground moistening.In addition, artificial or weeding by machine can only be adopted, forbidding weed killer herbicide.
C, period management of nourishing and growing: be generally 2nd ~ 3 years vegetative growth phase (totally 2 years), fast, tree stem is thick, and blade is long in oil palm growth, that output is high must cultivate thick tree body.Collect the weeds between plant, base manure use is done by the surrounding being deposited in plant; Spring winter temperature is low, monthly uses the composite fertilizer of 1 kilogram, and 10 kilograms of base manure, enter the summer high-temperature phase, monthly uses 2 kilograms of composite fertilizers and appropriate trace element fertilizer, uses 10 kilograms of fertilizers.Vegetative growth phase can be attended by growth of flower bud, must remove bud, to ensure the growth of nutrient supply tree body, keeps 35 ~ 38 leaves with the oil palm tree making grow for the 2nd year, within the 3rd year, grow the leaf of oil palm tree enclose for 300cm ~ 350cm.And two large " chlorions " of oil palm growth needs, preferably with chloride fertilizer and suitably use sea salt.
D, reproductive growth period management (high yield period management): high term generally starts the 4th year or the 5th year, manages proper, can continue 20 years.Oil palm is leaf bud normally, and the flower of oil palm is female homophyletic, and male flower is result not, therefore keeps blade and induces female flower growth to be the essential condition of high yield.
E, maintenance ground moistening: will often water in the season of high temperature or arid, fertilizer, based on long-acting base manure, in the high yield stage (5 ~ October) in 1 year, monthly uses 3 kilograms of composite fertilizers and appropriate trace element fertilizer.And preferably can will use " palm becomes flower agent (BBA) " of our company simultaneously, the composition that this palm becomes flower agent to comprise and percentage by weight are: fulvic acid 87%, zinc sulphate 10.5%, copper sulphate 0.5%, manganese sulphate 1.8%, four hydroxyl-B-homogeneous phase-oxa--lumistane-6-ketone 0.2%, have and strengthen oil palm metabolic function, promote oil palm assimilation and the germinating of bud embryo, prevent brood cell downright bad, after using, bud position can be conducted to by oil palm Root Absorption, promote the synthesis of DNA and RNA, improve DNA profiling active, increase activity and the chromosomin matter of DNA and RNA polymerase, increase and activate the function of various enzyme in tree body, improve cell leakage, increase growth hormone content, Promote cell's growth and elongation, accelerate the flowing of assimilation substance and nutrition, break bud dormancy, the embryo activated in bud continues to grow, and induction flower system inclines female, output more female flowers, bear more fruit strings, greatly improve fruit yield.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete optimal technical scheme further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method, is characterized in that,
A, kind germinal choice: first, when quiet wind, collect pollen from the paternal plant with cold-resistant, drought-enduring, waterlogging gene, and load in transparent plastic ware; Then, pollinated on the pistil of maternal plant plant with Yield Genes by the large writing brush of the pollen collected, and put ventilative bagging to the bud after pollination, ensure not infect by other pollen, after 5 days, solution removes bagging, and carries out mark; Then, maternal plant plant after pollinating fruit conspire to create ripe after plucks and reserves seed for planting, and make it become well-done after 5 ~ 7 days in fruit string placement warehouse; Finally, select completely filled fruit, fruit that color is scarlet gives over to seed;
B, presprouting of seeds: adopt the husky bed vernalization of constant temperature, specifically include:
The husky bed of b1, constant temperature prepares: vernalization quantity as required makes, arranges husky bed, and lays hot water circuit water pipe in husky bed, and the mode of adding a cover transparent plastic film keeps the temperature in husky bed;
B2, seed treatment: first soak seed 5 ~ 6 hours by the NaOH solution that 60 DEG C of hot water add 1.5 ~ 2.0%, and stir with the iron staff of the short thorn of band, seed is soaked 1.5 ~ 2 hours more afterwards with the carbendazim solution of 1.5 ~ 2.0%, then clean with clear water, air-dry, then use 5 ~ 10 DEG C of cold water soak seeds 1.5 ~ 2 hours, pull out, air-dry, 3 times so repeatedly;
B3, husky bed vernalization: the seed handled well is put into husky bed, and the spacing 8 ~ 10cm between every seed, then sandy soil are covered and the upper film of cover, then keep husky bed at 40 DEG C by the hot water circuit controlled in water pipe, humidity 75 ~ 85%, last every day will raise film two to three times, until germinate;
C, breeding station and seedling pack:
C1, breeding station: after germination, adopt roof insulating, shade breeding station;
C2, seedling pack: after husky bed seedling grows 3 ~ 5 leaves, seedling is transferred to nutritional bag, then smooth good nursery, adopts large nutritious bag, after installing seedling, by the discharge of 60cm × 60cm specification, last seedling grows to 50cm ~ 80cm higher position can arrive field planting;
D, field planting and cultivation management:
Soil layer is deep, the content of organic matter is abundant non-sand or yellow soil are selected in the land for growing field crops of d1, plantation oil palm, and P in soil H value is 6 ~ 6.5, plantation specification: 8m × 8m;
D2, growing and cultivation manage:
D21, field planting: first to dig large cave, execute field planting base manure, mix fertilizer, earth backing, field planting, earthing and compacting tree head, then irrigate normal root water in 30 minutes after field planting, within after last field planting 7 days, spray worm bactericide;
D22, seedling management: seedling stage is the 1st year, period can use the composite fertilizer of 50 ~ 500 grams according to upgrowth situation, auxiliaryly use a small amount of trace element fertilizer, and base manure uses 4 times, uses the liquid manure that retting is good simultaneously, and keeps ground moistening;
D23, period management of nourishing and growing: vegetative growth phase is 2nd ~ 3 years, because springtime and winter temperature is low, monthly use the composite fertilizer of 1 kilogram, 10 kilograms of base manure, enter the summer high-temperature phase, monthly use 2 kilograms of composite fertilizers and appropriate trace element fertilizer, use 10 kilograms of fertilizers; Vegetative growth phase can be attended by growth of flower bud, must remove bud, to ensure the growth of nutrient supply tree body, keeps 35 ~ 38 leaves with the oil palm tree making grow for the 2nd year, within the 3rd year, grow the leaf of oil palm tree enclose for 300cm ~ 350cm;
D24, reproductive growth period management: high term starts the 4th year or the 5th year, period should keep ground moistening, to often water in the season of high temperature or arid, fertilizer is based on long-acting base manure, in the high yield stage in 5 ~ October in 1 year, monthly use 3 kilograms of composite fertilizers and appropriate trace element fertilizer.
2. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described field planting should be selected not carry out higher than when 28 DEG C at cloudy day or temperature, and can not apply fertilizer in 30 days after field planting.
3. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described large cave size dimension is 1.2m × 1.2m × 1.2m.
4. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, adopts artificial or weeding by machine during described seedling stage.
5. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described vegetative growth phase also should be used chloride fertilizer to oil palm tree and suitably use sea salt, with two of supplementary oil palm growth needs large " chlorions ".
6. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the trace element fertilizer used during described seedling stage is boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, iron fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium, and the base manure used is the chicken manure that retting is good, pig manure, sheep excrement, cow dung.
7. a kind of oil palm seedling breeding cultivation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the trace element fertilizer that described reproductive stage is used is that a kind of palm becomes flower agent, the composition comprised and percentage by weight are: fulvic acid 87%, zinc sulphate 10.5%, copper sulphate 0.5%, manganese sulphate 1.8%, four hydroxyl-B-homogeneous phase-oxa--lumistane-6-ketone 0.2%.
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| CN104429580B (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2017-01-04 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of seed seedling-raising method of blue or green palm fibre |
| CN105594500A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州大自然科技股份有限公司 | Palm container seedling culture method |
| CN105850269B (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2018-06-01 | 海南大学 | A kind of germinating method of the high lipid vegetable seeds of heavily fortified point shell |
| CN107950268A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-24 | 广西垚宇贸易有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of oil palm tree |
| CN111149496A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-05-15 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Leaf trimming method for improving fruit cluster yield of oil palm |
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| CN102084774A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-06-08 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for raising seedling of oil palm seed |
| CN102301849A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-04 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Oil palm seed pregermination method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102084774A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-06-08 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for raising seedling of oil palm seed |
| CN102301849A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-04 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Oil palm seed pregermination method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 油棕授粉技术比较;曹建华等;《中国热带农业》;20101231(第2期);第46-48页 * |
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