A kind of seed dormant method of Rapid reversal Fructus Bruceae
Technical field
The present invention relates to the germination field of Seeds of Medicinal Plants, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of Rapid reversal crow gallbladder
The seed dormant method of son.
Background technology
Fructus Bruceae is the dry of quassia Fructus Bruceae (Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.Rhusjavanica L.)
Dry fruit, is the raw material of the situation of selling well Chinese patent medicines such as oleum fructus bruceae soft capsule, Oleum Fructus Bruceae oral latex emulsion, Java brucea fruit oil emulsion injection.
In recent years, the Chinese patent medicine with Fructus Bruceae as Effect raw material is evident in efficacy, and demand increases swift and violent, makes Fructus Bruceae medicinal raw material price
Riseing, raw material supply wretched insufficiency, supply shortage is in short supply serious the most year after year.Great demand to the Fructus Bruceae as medical material, leads
Causing wild resource and destroy serious, gather wild resource and can not meet production needs, carrying out standardization production is to solve medical material
The effective way of shortage, and seedling breeding is the important component part that standardization produces, due to fruit of khosam processing maturation period relatively
Long, kernel maturing differs, and adds that sarcocarp separates with seed difficulty, and seed is perishable, and seed coat is hard, causes Fructus Bruceae seedling numerous
Cycle of educating is longer, emerges inconsistent, has had a strong impact on the standardized cultivation of Fructus Bruceae.
By the retrieval to domestic and foreign literature and patent, retrieve 1 altogether about Fructus Bruceae germination and sapling multiplication
Document, Li Xianghong etc. (Li Xianghong, He Fan, Li Hong, Zhu Deling, Gan Ping Chun. Hainan Fructus Bruceae cultivation technique preliminary study. China's gardening
Digest, 2009 (1): 42-45.) Fructus Bruceae presprouting of seeds technology has been carried out simple introduction, this result is thought: Fructus Bruceae seed
Rest period need to be spent through placing a period of time, then with 50~55 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 15~20min, cleans 2~3 times, then use
Clear water soaks 12~24h, is placed in accelerating germination in 33~35 DEG C of environment, and humidity to be kept in pregermination procedure, after 7~10d seed land
Supervention bud, when having seen 10%~20% dew bud point, can sow, but Fructus Bruceae germinates irregular, emerges up to one years.
Seed germination experiment can be divided into physical treatment and chemical treatment two class according to the difference of its processing method, wherein
Physical treatment mainly includes mechanical treatment, Temperature Treatment, supersound process 3 kinds, chemical treatment can be divided into acid treatment, alkali process,
5 classes such as the process of oxidizer treatment, salt, HORMONE TREATMENT, can be divided into again 3 classes according to the mechanism abolishing seed dormancy: (1) softens
Seed coat, the Permeable characteristic etc. improved between embryo and external environment, mainly have Temperature Treatment, HCl treatment, sodium bicarbonate to process and double
Oxygen water processes 4 kinds of processing modes;(2) nutrition processes, and mainly has the process of plant ash, calcium chloride, potassium nitrate process, iron chloride to process
4 kinds of processing modes are processed with boric acid;(3) HORMONE TREATMENT, mainly has auxin process, the basic element of cell division to process and gibberellin treatment
3 heavy prescription formulas.Early-stage Study find affect Fructus Bruceae germination because have: there is after ripening in (1) fruit and seed, need through
Cryopreservation has processed after-ripening;(2) sarcocarp is more difficult with seed separates, and easily causes seed decay, and impact is emerged;(3) seed coat
Hard but relatively thin;(4) seed source GA content is low, needs breaking dormancy, summary phenomenon, and the present invention is store by low temperature
Tibetan, quartz sand process, sulfuric acid treatment and gibberellin treatment have been inquired into the method for Fructus Bruceae seed Dormancy breaking and have sprouted seed
The research sent out.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of seed dormant method of Rapid reversal Fructus Bruceae.
In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of seed dormant method of Rapid reversal Fructus Bruceae, the party
Method comprises the following steps:
Step 1): the fruit of khosam that black is ripe is preserved under 4 DEG C of low temperature 7d~14d, and preferred version is 4 DEG C of low temperature
Lower storage 10d;
Step 2): make described step 1) in store fruit of khosam in 20 DEG C~30 DEG C of warm water, impregnate 1d~5d, and
Rubbing with the fine sand of 5 weight %~20 weight %, to remove sarcocarp, preferred version is to impregnate after 3d in 25 DEG C of warm water, uses 10 weights
The fine sand of amount % rubs removal sarcocarp;
Step 3): make described step 1) and 2) in process after Fructus Bruceae seed with 98% dense sulfuric acid treatment 30s~
90s, and rinse with flowing water and remain to without sulphuric acid, preferred version be 98% dense sulfuric acid treatment 30s after rinse extremely without sulfur with flowing water
Acid residual;
Step 4): make described step 1), 2) and 3) in process after Fructus Bruceae seed with 100~300mg/L gibberellins
(GA3) aqueous solution process 2~48h, preferred version is with the gibberellins (GA of 200mg/L3) aqueous solution process 6h;
Step 5): make described step 1), 2), 3) and 4) in process after Fructus Bruceae seed germinate.
Herein, within the scope of the invention, as used in this article, term " is cleaned " and is referred to wash chemistry to eluent
Inorganic agent is trace.
As used in this article, term " impregnates " state referring to seed under liquid level.
Preferably, in described step 5) in, by described step 1) in dipping after Fructus Bruceae seed proceed to constant temperature or alternating temperature
In the illumination box of condition, at Vermiculitum, wet sand, filter paper, sponge germinating bed or mixing 30 weight %~40 weight % coconut palm brans
Sand in germinate.
It is highly preferred that by described step 5) in Fructus Bruceae seed after dipping proceed to the illumination cultivation of constant temperature or temperature match curing conditions
In case, mix in the sand of 30 weight %~40 weight % coconut palm brans and germinate.
The method of Rapid reversal Fructus Bruceae seed dormancy of the present invention, efficient solution can remove obstruction Fructus Bruceae seed germination
Various factors, there is after-ripening including seed and fruit, sarcocarp is peeled off with seed difficulty, and the mechanical obstacles that seed coat is formed is broken
Fructus Bruceae seed dormancy, significantly improves percentage of seedgermination, and germination percentage is up to 85.0%, with tradition without the seedling raising manners processed
Compare, there is shortening growing-seedling period, seedling neat and consistent, the advantage such as simple to operate, with low cost, can be widely used for Fructus Bruceae medicine
The seedling breeding of material and cultivation.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are merely to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Illustrate:
1. the germination test (in addition to embodiment 5) employed in the following example is husky bed germination test method, the most such as
Under: place the thick quartz sand through sterilizing of 3cm in the group training culture bottle of a diameter of 9cm, drench with water, unnecessary water is fallen
Fall, with moisturizing not hydrops for degree, choose 100 Fructus Bruceae seeds and uniformly put in culture bottle, cover upper 2cm thickness the most again and pass through
The quartz sand of sterilizing, then put into microcomputerized control illumination box (LRH-250-G11 after being built by culture bottle;Guangdong Province's medical treatment
Apparatus factory produces), germinate according to specified temp (constant temperature or the alternating temperature) condition designed by each test example, whole germinateed
Journey all carries out illumination;In germination process, every day is detected 1~2 time, and suitably supplies moisture, after Fructus Bruceae seed starts to germinate,
Count 1 every day.The seed being found to have corruption should be sorted out, at any time if mildew seed > 5% should change the stone in culture bottle in time
Sand, and continue to make it germinate in placing into culture bottle after the cleaning of seed distilled water.
2., with reference to " international seed inspection procedure " (1985), " crop seeds inspection procedure " (1995) etc. are as evaluation kind
The standard (to grow 1cm for germinateing) whether son germinates.
3. percentage of seedgermination refers to that germination test is final, and the whole seed number germinateed within the date of regulation account for for planting experimentally son
Percentage rate.Seed number × 100% is planted experimentally in the chitting piece/confession of germination percentage (%)=in fixed date.Germination day in this test
Phase is 20 days from being put in case by germination paper bed.
4. this experiment attempts to be broken the dormancy of Fructus Bruceae seed by multiple method, but only plant ash, gibberellins and life
Long element can break the dormancy of Fructus Bruceae seed, and the process of other method example hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide process etc. all can not release Fructus Bruceae kind
Sub-dormancy.
Experiment material
Fructus Bruceae (Bruceajavanica (L.) Merr.Rhusjavanica L.) seed used by this experiment is 2013
The crow gallbladder of the black maturation that year October~, in December, 2013 was gathered in cities and counties such as Danzhou, Hainan Province, the Wuzhi Mountain, white sand, Haikous
Sub-fruit, by the sieve of 6~8 mesh, it is impossible to the fruit by 6~8 eye mesh screens is standby, as experiment material.
Embodiment 1
Experimental technique
Fruit of khosam is divided into two groups, one group of blank, one group preserve respectively under 4 DEG C of low temperature 3d, 6d, 10d and
14d.Then sterilize 15 minutes with 1 weight % aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, rinsed with sterile water 5 times to pH=7, each concentration parallel four
Group, often group 100 is placed in 30 DEG C of constant incubator full exposures cultivations, every 10 days statistics germination percentages.
The impact on Fructus Bruceae seed germination of table 1 cryopreservation
Experimental result
As shown in table 1, when Fructus Bruceae seed is without cryopreservation, i.e. started at about the 20th day to sprout, but sprout
Rate is relatively low, and germination percentage is less than 5.0%;Collecting mid-term when about 40d begins with a sprouting, per day germination percentage can be up to
1.1%;Reach peak value at 50d, have the Fructus Bruceae seed germination of about 31.0%.When Fructus Bruceae seed by 4 DEG C of cryopreservations at
After reason 3~14d, it sprouts collection mid-term and the most treated Fructus Bruceae seed same period, and at about 40d, per day germination percentage reaches
1.0% ± 2.0%;Peak value is reached at 50d.The germination rate of the fruit of khosam wherein processing 10d through 4 DEG C of cryopreservations is very big
Value, reaches 47.0% ± 2.0%, so being concluded that cryopreservation can significantly improve Fructus Bruceae seed from this research
Sprout time and germination percentage, wherein 4 DEG C of cryopreservations 10d are preferred version.
Embodiment 2
Experimental technique
Fruit of khosam is divided into two groups, and one group removes sarcocarp (blank) without fine sand, and one group through in 20 DEG C~30
DEG C warm water impregnates 1d, and rubs removal sarcocarp with the fine sand of 5 weight %.Then with 1 weight % aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution sterilization
15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water 5 times was to pH=7, and parallel four groups of each concentration, often group 100 is placed in 30 DEG C of full light of constant incubator
According to cultivation, added up germination percentage every 10 days.
Whether table 2 removes the sarcocarp impact on Fructus Bruceae seed germination
Experimental result
As shown in table 2, when fruit of khosam processes without removal, i.e. started at about the 10th day to sprout, but sprout
Rate is relatively low, and germination percentage is less than 5.0%;Reach peak value at 50d, have the Fructus Bruceae seed germination of about 27.0%.Fruit of khosam
After removing sarcocarp, reaching peak value at 50d, germination rate reaches 37.0% ± 2.0%, so being concluded that crow from this research
Courage fruit is removed after sarcocarp through fine sand, significantly improves its germination percentage, for the preferred version in Fructus Bruceae seed treatment, but its
On sprout time without impact.
Embodiment 3
Experimental technique
Fructus Bruceae seed is divided into 6 groups, and wherein the 1st group is blank;2nd group is by fruit of khosam 20 DEG C~30 DEG C
Warm water impregnates 1d, and rubs with the fine sand of 5 weight %, to remove sarcocarp;3rd group is by 20 DEG C~30 DEG C temperature of fruit of khosam
Water impregnates 3d, and rubs with the fine sand of 5 weight %, to remove sarcocarp;4th group is by 20 DEG C~30 DEG C warm water of fruit of khosam
Middle dipping 3d, and rub with the fine sand of 10 weight %, to remove sarcocarp;5th group is by 20 DEG C~30 DEG C warm water of fruit of khosam
Middle dipping 3d, and rub with the fine sand of 20 weight %, to remove sarcocarp;6th group is by 20 DEG C~30 DEG C warm water of fruit of khosam
Middle dipping 5d, and rub with the fine sand of 20 weight %, to remove sarcocarp.Then with 1 weight % aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution sterilization 15
Minute, rinsed with sterile water 5 times is to pH=7, and parallel four groups of each concentration, often group 100 is placed in 30 DEG C of constant incubator full exposures
Cultivate, after 50 days, add up germination percentage and mould variability.
The different sarcocarp removing method impact on Fructus Bruceae seed germination of table 3
Experimental result
As shown in table 3, with compared with removal sarcocarp, remove sarcocarp and significantly improve Fructus Bruceae percentage of seedgermination, wherein
4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group are because having the germination percentage significantly improved, and the mould variability of reduction, for preferred version, wherein at the 4th group
Because needing temperature treatment time of water short in reason, fine sand usage amount is few, for most preferably scheme.
Embodiment 4
Experimental technique
Fructus Bruceae seed is divided into two groups, and one group is dipping 3d in 20 DEG C~30 DEG C of warm water, and thin by 10 weight %
Sand is rubbed, and removes the Fructus Bruceae seed (blank) of sarcocarp;One group is dipping 3d in 20 DEG C~30 DEG C of warm water, and uses 10 weights
The fine sand of amount % is rubbed, and the Fructus Bruceae seed removing sarcocarp processes 30s, 60s and 90s respectively with the concentrated sulphuric acid of 98% again.Through stream
Water rinses pH value=7, then by 1 weight % aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution sterilization 15 minutes, rinsed with sterile water 5 times to pH=7.Each
Parallel four groups of concentration, often group 100 is placed in 30 DEG C of constant incubator full exposures and cultivates, add up after 50 days germination percentage, mould variability and
Mortality rate.
The impact on Fructus Bruceae seed germination of table 4 dense sulfuric acid treatment
Experimental result
As shown in table 4, when Fructus Bruceae seed is without dense sulfuric acid treatment, percentage of seedgermination is 47.0% ± 3.0%, but
Its mould variability is higher, is 53.0% ± 2.0%, with dense sulfuric acid treatment 30s~90s, significantly reduces the mould variability of seed, but its
Seed mortality also increases to 37.0% ± 1.0% from 10.0% ± 1.0%, and it is relatively with the peel of Fructus Bruceae seed by inference
One layer of thin layer of wood is relevant, so being concluded that dense sulfuric acid treatment can significantly reduce Fructus Bruceae seed from this research
Germination percentage, reduces mould variability, but owing to its seed coat is relatively thin, the preferred version of dense sulfuric acid treatment is the dense sulfuric acid treatment of 98%
30s。
Embodiment 5
Experimental technique
Fructus Bruceae seed is divided into two groups, and one group of blank, one group with the gibberellins (GA of variable concentrations3) water-soluble immersion
Stain 24h, then sterilizes 15 minutes with 1 weight % aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, rinsed with sterile water 5 times to pH=7.Each concentration is parallel
Four groups, often group 100 is placed in 30 DEG C of constant incubator full exposures cultivations, adds up germination percentage every 10 days.
Table 5 gibberellins (GA3) process the impact on Fructus Bruceae seed germination
Experimental result
As shown in table 5, when Fructus Bruceae seed processes without gibberellins aqueous solution, i.e. started at about the 20th day to sprout,
But germination rate is relatively low, germination percentage is less than 5.0%;Mid-term, per day germination percentage is collected when about 30-40d begins with a sprouting
2.8% can be up to;Reach peak value at 50d, have the Fructus Bruceae seed germination of about 47.0%.When with 100~300mg/L red
After mycin aqueous solution processes 24h, it begins to sprout 10d when, from the beginning of 20d, begins to fast-germination, at 50d
Reaching peak value, seed germination rate is 85.0% ± 3.0%, so being concluded that from this research with gibberellins (GA3) water-soluble
Liquid processes Fructus Bruceae seed, is possible not only to shorten the sprout time of Fructus Bruceae seed, can also improve crow gallbladder to a certain extent
The germination percentage of sub-seed, considers the gibberellins aqueous solution that the consumption of gibberellins, most preferably scheme are 200mg/L and processes 24h.
Embodiment 6
Experimental technique
Fructus Bruceae seed is divided into two groups, and one group of blank, one group with the gibberellins (GA of 200mg/L3) water-soluble immersion
Stain 2h, 6h, 24h and 48h, then sterilize 15 minutes with 1 weight % aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, rinsed with sterile water 5 times to pH=7.
Parallel four groups of each concentration, often group 100 is placed in 30 DEG C of constant incubator full exposures cultivations, adds up germination percentage every 10 days.
Table 6
Experimental result
As shown in table 6, when Fructus Bruceae seed processes without gibberellins aqueous solution, after 50d, germination percentage is 47.0% ±
3.0%, after processing 2-48h with the gibberellins aqueous solution of 200mg/L, it begins to sprout 10d when, opens from 20d
Begin, begin to fast-germination, reach peak value at 50d, seed germination rate is 85.0% ± 3.0%, thus from this research draw with
Draw a conclusion: with the gibberellins (GA of 200mg/L3) aqueous solution process Fructus Bruceae seed 2-48h, it is possible not only to shorten Fructus Bruceae seed
Sprout time, the germination percentage of Fructus Bruceae seed can also be improved to a certain extent, consider the process time, the most just
Case is that the gibberellins aqueous solution of 200mg/L processes 6h.
Embodiment 7
Experimental technique
Fructus Bruceae seed is divided into 3 groups, the 1st group, directly Fructus Bruceae seed is directly seeded in and is mixed with 15 weight %~20
Farm manure, 30 weight %~40 weight % coconut palm brans, 15 weight %~20 weight % Vermiculitums that weight % is become thoroughly decomposed or fine sand and 30 weights
In the cultivation matrix of amount %~40 weight % black earth;2nd group, through cryopreservation 10d, 20 DEG C~30 DEG C of warm water will impregnate
3d, and rub with the fine sand of 10 weight %, to remove sarcocarp, remove residual sarcocarp with the dense sulfuric acid treatment 30s of 98% the most again,
The Fructus Bruceae seed of 200mg/L gibberellin treatment 24h, be seeded in be mixed with 15 weight %~farm manure that 20 weight % are become thoroughly decomposed, 30
Weight %~40 weight % coconut palm brans, 15 weight %~20 weight % Vermiculitums or fine sand and 30 weight %~40 weight % black earth
In cultivation matrix;3rd group, through cryopreservation 10d 20 DEG C~30 DEG C of warm water will impregnate 3d, and with the fine sand of 10 weight %
Rub, to remove sarcocarp, remove residual sarcocarp with the dense sulfuric acid treatment 30s of 98% the most again, 200mg/L gibberellin treatment 6h's
Fructus Bruceae seed, be seeded in be mixed with 15 weight %~farm manure, 30 weight %~40 weight % coconut palm brans that 20 weight % are become thoroughly decomposed, 15
In the cultivation matrix of weight %~20 weight % Vermiculitums or fine sand and 30 weight %~40 weight % black earth;Each process parallel 4
Group, often group 100, added up emergence rate after 50 days.
Experimental result
In cultivation processes the 1st group, after 30 days, there is a small amount of Fructus Bruceae to emerge, at sowing 30d-40d, emerge more,
50d is emerged successively, and the cycle is long, and inconsistent;In cultivation processes the 2nd group, after sowing 20 days, Fructus Bruceae seed is i.e. had to sprout
Bud, 40d when, percentage of seedgermination can reach 85.0% ± 3.0%, but its Seedling is very thin, grows more weak, after being unfavorable for
Period management;In cultivation processes the 3rd group, after sowing 20 days, i.e. there is Fructus Bruceae seed germination, 40d when, germination
Rate can reach 85.0% ± 3.0%, and seedling early growth is healthy and strong, is suitable for extensive seedling breeding, with the most treated Fructus Bruceae kind
Son is compared, and through the processing method of the present invention, can improve Fructus Bruceae percentage of seedgermination 20%~40%, when shortening germination
Between 15~20d.