CN110431954B - Method for improving iris lactea seed germination rate - Google Patents
Method for improving iris lactea seed germination rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110431954B CN110431954B CN201910832174.7A CN201910832174A CN110431954B CN 110431954 B CN110431954 B CN 110431954B CN 201910832174 A CN201910832174 A CN 201910832174A CN 110431954 B CN110431954 B CN 110431954B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of Chinese iris seed, comprising the steps of sequentially carrying out disinfection treatment and soaking treatment on Chinese iris seed, covering a substrate with the volume content of fine sand being more than 60% after sowing, and carrying out seedling raising and germination accelerating. Specifically, the method can be carried out by one of the following methods: a: according to the volume ratio of 1: 2, uniformly mixing the soil and the fine sand to obtain a germination accelerating matrix, sowing the iris lactea seeds into the germination accelerating matrix, and covering the germination accelerating matrix with the thickness of 0.8cm, B: the iris lactea seeds were sown in soil and covered with fine sand with a thickness of 0.72 cm. By the method, the germination rate of the iris lactea seeds can be obviously improved, the nutrition of the soil after seedling emergence can be ensured, the uniformity of seedling emergence is improved, the size of the seedling emergence is uniform, and the cultivation speed of the iris lactea seedlings is accelerated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation and cultivation, relates to seed storage, sowing and seedling raising technology, and particularly relates to a method for improving iris lactea seed germination rate.
Background
Iris lactea Pall (Iris lactea Pall) is named as Indian kalimeris herb and Chinese Iris, is perennial herb perennial root plant of Iris of Iridaceae, is widely distributed in northern China, northeast China, northwest China and the like, has strong drought resistance, cold resistance and saline-alkali resistance, has developed root system, and is one of ideal herbaceous plants for ecological vegetation restoration such as slope protection and the like and urban garden landscape construction.
However, the iris lactea seeds have the characteristics of deep dormancy, irregular germination, long germination time and low germination rate, and the germination rate of the iris lactea seeds which are not treated is only 10% -20% (Wangmeng et al, research on iris lactea seed dormancy mechanism, 2011, 30 (6): 8-12), thereby seriously restricting the popularization and application of the iris lactea in production and cultivation.
Guing et al (review of methods for dormancy reason and increasing germination rate of Iris seeds, seeds 2006, 25 (2): 42-45) have considered that germination rate of some Iris seeds can also be increased by mild embryo culture; research on Chinese iris seed dormancy breaking technology and suitable germination conditions (Beijing: Master academic thesis of Chinese agriculture university, 2004) suggests that the germination rate of iris seed can be increased by NaOH treatment; the method for improving the germination rate of the iris lactea seeds can improve the germination rate of the iris lactea seeds by treating the iris lactea seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid in Wangyongchun (Wangyongchun, Sunwu, Ding et al, etc., the grassland academic report 2009, 17 (2): 264 plus 266).
In conclusion, the research and development of a safe and efficient method with low cost and controllable process for improving the germination rate of the iris lactea seeds is a key technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of iris lactea seeds.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for increasing the germination rate of Chinese iris seed includes such steps as sterilizing and immersing Chinese iris seed, sowing, covering with medium containing fine sand (more than 60 vol.%), and culturing seedlings.
Specifically, the fine sand has good air permeability and water permeability, and can effectively promote the germination of the iris lactea seeds and the emergence and growth of seedlings.
In the above technical solution, the method comprises, by volume ratio of 1: uniformly mixing soil and fine sand according to the proportion of 1.8-2.3 to obtain a germination accelerating substrate, sowing the Chinese iris seeds into the germination accelerating substrate, and covering the germination accelerating substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm for seedling culture and accelerating germination.
In detail, in the technical scheme, the pH value of the germination accelerating matrix is 7.5-7.9, and the density is 1.40-1.45g/cm3。
Specifically, the soil can provide nutrition for the iris lactea seed germination, so that the soil and the fine sand are combined according to a certain proportion, a certain amount of organic matters and various trace elements are enriched, the air permeability and the water permeability are good, meanwhile, the soil temperature can be reduced and the soil moisture can be increased by controlling the proper covering depth after sowing, and further, the seed germination, the seedling emergence and the growth and the like are promoted; however, when the covering depth is too deep, insufficient light and reduced air permeability of the soil are caused, and germination and unearthing of the iris lactea seeds are suppressed.
In the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps of sowing the iris lactea seeds into soil, and covering fine sand with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm for seedling culture and germination acceleration.
In detail, in the technical scheme, the pH value of the soil is 7.6-7.7, and the density is 1.0-1.1g/cm3The pH value of the fine sand is 8.1-8.3, and the density is 1.4-1.5g/cm3。
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the covering thickness of the fine sand is 0.75-0.9 cm.
Further, in the technical scheme, in the process of seedling culture and germination acceleration, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 18-28 ℃, and the environmental relative humidity is 50-60%.
The germination and unearthing of the iris lactea seeds can be further promoted by controlling the environmental temperature and the environmental relative humidity within a proper range.
Still further, in the technical scheme, in the process of seedling growing and germination accelerating, the environment is controlled to keep illumination for 12 hours every day.
Preferably, in the technical scheme, in the process of seedling growing and germination accelerating, the illumination intensity of the environment is controlled to be 1800lx within 1-4h, the illumination intensity of the environment is controlled to be 2600lx within 5-6h, and the illumination intensity of the environment is controlled to be 1500lx within 7-12 h.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the disinfection treatment is performed by using a sodium hypochlorite solution for impregnation.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the disinfection treatment is to immerse the iris lactea seeds in a sodium hypochlorite solution with a mass concentration of 1% -5% for 8-12 min.
Specifically, the impregnation and disinfection of the sodium hypochlorite solution can effectively eliminate germs, molds and the like carried by the iris lactea seeds, radically cut off the possibility of disease occurrence of the iris lactea seeds, and improve the germination rate of the iris lactea seeds.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the soaking treatment employs distilled water for soaking.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the soaking treatment is to soak the iris lactea seeds in distilled water at 32-37.8 ℃ for 45-60 h.
Specifically, the rush mat seeds can quickly absorb water and swell and soften the seed coats by adopting the distilled water with the temperature of 32-37.8 ℃ for soaking treatment, so that the dormancy of the seeds is effectively broken, the activity of the seeds is improved, and the quick germination of the rush mat seeds is promoted.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for improving the germination rate of the iris lactea seeds comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting mature fruit ears from plants which do not have plant diseases and insect pests and grow vigorously, placing the plants in a cool and dry place for drying in the shade, beating the iris lactea seeds, and removing impurities for later use;
s2, washing the Chinese iris seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, then soaking and disinfecting with sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 1% -5% for 10min, taking out, washing with distilled water and draining;
s3, soaking the drained iris lactea seeds in distilled water of 35 ℃ for 48 hours, taking out the iris lactea seeds, putting the iris lactea seeds on sand paper, rinsing the iris lactea seeds with distilled water, draining, screening and removing shriveled grains;
s4, adopting one of the following methods to carry out seedling culture and germination acceleration:
a: according to the volume ratio of 1: 2, uniformly mixing the soil and the fine sand to obtain a germination accelerating matrix, sowing the iris lactea seeds into the germination accelerating matrix, and covering the germination accelerating matrix with the thickness of 0.8 cm;
b: the iris lactea seeds were sown in soil and covered with fine sand with a thickness of 0.72 cm.
Specifically, in the process of seedling culture and germination acceleration, watering is carried out at regular time, the environmental temperature and the relative humidity are controlled to be 18-28 ℃ and 50% -60%, the environment is controlled to keep illumination for 12 hours every day, and the illumination intensity in 1-4 hours, 5-6 hours and 7-12 hours is 1800lx, 2600lx and 1500lx respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method provided by the invention can be used for seeding and raising seedlings, the germination rate of the iris lactea seeds can be obviously improved, the nutrition of the soil after the iris lactea seedlings are raised, the uniformity of the seedlings is improved, the size of the seedlings is uniform, and the cultivation speed of the iris lactea seedlings is further accelerated.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for improving the germination rate of Chinese iris seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection: collecting mature fruit clusters without diseases and insect pests, drying in the shade, beating seeds, and removing impurities for later use;
(2) and (3) disinfection: washing the selected seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, soaking in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution as disinfectant for 10min, washing with distilled water, and draining;
(3) soaking: soaking the drained seeds in distilled water at 35 ℃ for 48h, taking out the seeds, placing the seeds on sand paper, rinsing the seeds with distilled water, draining, screening and removing shrivelled grains;
(4) seedling culture and germination acceleration: and (3) uniformly spreading the soaked drained seeds in a mixing chamber consisting of a volume ratio of 1: 2 the pH value of the composition of the soil and the fine sand is 7.5 to 7.9, and the density is 1.40 to 1.45g/cm3The germination accelerating substrate of (2) is covered with a germination accelerating substrate with the thickness of 0.75cm after sowing;
specifically, in the process of seedling culture and germination acceleration, watering is carried out regularly every day, the environmental temperature and the relative humidity are controlled to be 18-28 ℃ and 50% -60%, the environment is controlled to keep illumination for 12 hours every day, and the illumination intensity in 1-4 hours, 5-6 hours and 7-12 hours is 1800lx, 2600lx and 1500lx respectively.
The iris lactea germination rate of the embodiment of the invention is 72.67% by measurement.
Example 2
A method for improving the germination rate of Chinese iris seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection: collecting mature fruit clusters without diseases and insect pests, drying in the shade, beating seeds, and removing impurities for later use;
(2) and (3) disinfection: washing the selected seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, soaking in 3% sodium hypochlorite solution as disinfectant for 10min, taking out, washing with distilled water, and draining;
(3) soaking: soaking the drained seeds in distilled water at 35 ℃ for 48h, taking out the seeds, placing the seeds on sand paper, rinsing the seeds with distilled water, draining, screening and removing shrivelled grains.
(4) Seedling culture and germination acceleration: uniformly spreading the soaked and drained seeds to pH 7.6-7.7 and density 1.0-1.1g/cm3The soil covered with the fertilizer after sowing has a pH value of 8.1-8.3 and a density of 1.4-1.5g/cm of 0.72cm3Fine sand of (2);
specifically, in the process of seedling culture and germination acceleration, watering is carried out regularly every day, the environmental temperature and the relative humidity are controlled to be 18-28 ℃ and 50% -60%, the environment is controlled to keep illumination for 12 hours every day, and the illumination intensity in 1-4 hours, 5-6 hours and 7-12 hours is 1800lx, 2600lx and 1500lx respectively.
The iris lactea germination rate of the embodiment of the invention is 78.67% by measurement.
Comparative example 1
The invention provides a method for sprouting Chinese iris seeds, which has the specific process similar to that of the example 1, and is different in that the soaked and drained seeds are uniformly sown in pure soil in the seedling and germination accelerating process, the sown seeds are covered with the pure soil with the thickness of 0.75cm, and the temperature, the humidity and the illumination control in the seedling and germination accelerating process are the same as those in the example 1.
The iris lactea of the comparative example of the invention has the germination rate of 10.37 percent by measurement.
Comparative example 2
The invention provides a method for sprouting Chinese iris seeds, which has the specific process similar to that of the embodiment 2, and is different in that the soaked and drained seeds are uniformly sown in pure soil in the seedling and germination accelerating process, turfy soil with the thickness of 0.75cm is covered after sowing, and the temperature, humidity and illumination control in the seedling and germination accelerating process are the same as that of the embodiment 2.
According to the determination, the germination rate of the iris lactea of the comparison example is 18.80%.
The results of comparative analysis examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 show that by covering the substrate with fine sand volume content of more than 60% after the iris lactea seeds are sowed, the advantages of fine sand with good air permeability and water permeability can be utilized, the soil temperature is reduced, the soil moisture is increased, further the seed germination, seedling emergence and growth are promoted, the iris lactea seed germination rate is obviously improved, the seedling emergence uniformity is improved, and the iris lactea seedling cultivation speed is accelerated.
Finally, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving the germination rate of Chinese iris seed is characterized by comprising the steps of sequentially carrying out disinfection treatment and soaking treatment on the Chinese iris seed, sowing the Chinese iris seed into soil, and covering fine sand with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm for seedling growing and germination accelerating;
the pH value of the soil is 7.6-7.7, and the density is 1.0-1.1g/cm3The pH value of the fine sand is 8.1-8.3, and the density is 1.4-1.5g/cm3；
In the process of seedling culture and germination acceleration, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 18-28 ℃, and the environmental relative humidity is 50-60%;
in the process of seedling culture and germination acceleration, the environment is controlled to keep illumination for 12 hours every day, the illumination intensity of the environment is controlled to be 1800lx within 1-4 hours, the illumination intensity of the environment is controlled to be 2600lx within 5-6 hours, and the illumination intensity of the environment is controlled to be 1500lx within 7-12 hours;
the disinfection treatment is to put the iris lactea seeds into sodium hypochlorite solution with the mass concentration of 1-5% to be soaked for 8-12 min;
the soaking treatment is to soak the Chinese iris seeds in distilled water at the temperature of 32-37.8 ℃ for 45-60 h.
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