CN101032216A - Method of standard growing and protecting of the hygrocolous seedlings of the barbadosnut - Google Patents
Method of standard growing and protecting of the hygrocolous seedlings of the barbadosnut Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The standard hydrophytic barbadosnut seedling planting and managing process includes determining plant spacing and line spacing, digging pits in certain size, transplanting, managing and other steps. The management step includes replenishing seedlings, topiary work and weeding in 3 months after transplanting; topiary work, top dressing and weeding in 6 months after transplanting; and topiary work, top dressing and weeding in the next year and the third year. The process of the present invention has high seedling survival rate, fast growth of barbadosnut and capacity of obtaining great amount of barbadosnut for tackling ecological environment.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to plantation, the maintenance process of a kind of sapling, more particularly relate to a kind of Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting, manage and protect method.
Two, background technology
Jatropha curcas is a kind of multipurpose seeds of drought-resistant, impoverishment tolerant, is distributed widely in the torrid zone or subtropical zone, and main product is in America and the torrid zone, Africa.Jatropha curcas can grow in the dry-hot valley area of rainfall rareness, inclement condition, is the important species that the solid soil of windproof imperial sand, water conservation, anti-reservoir dam are damaged by worms, improved the ecological environment, and in addition, Jatropha curcas is the primary raw material crop of production biodiesel; The leaf of Jatropha curcas, stem, fruit also can be used as the raw material of antibacterial sterilization bio-pharmaceuticals, biopesticide, and the dregs of fat after the detoxification also can be made albumen powder for feed and compound fertilizer etc.In the recent period, the United Nations is widely used in dry-hot valley area ecological construction with Jatropha curcas and extract thereof, and is helped as the major project of poverty alleviation.Therefore, Jatropha curcas has the important ecological value, economic worth and social value.
Jatropha curcas mainly is distributed in ground such as Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan in China, maximum with Yunnan, take second place in Sichuan.Geological structure complexity in the main distributed areas of Jatropha curcas, severe water and soil erosion, mountain region disaster is serious, and ecotope is fragile.Therefore, make full use of the marginal land, regional establishing in large scale Jatropha curcas that ecological degradation is serious, vegetation restoration and reconstruction is difficult such as dry-hot valley areas.Manually quickened this type of regional revegetation, helped improving relevant basin vegetation state, prevent erosion, thereby improve the ecological environment.Yunnan Jatropha curcas biomass resource is the good kind of dry-hot valley area revegetation, ecological value height, and the living beings forestry products of its output are good in economic efficiency.Adopt advanced oil expression technology to produce feedstock oil, obtain kind of a shell, feedstock oil and grouts, by-product kind shell is the active carbon raw material of high-quality, and grouts carry out can be used as high-quality protein feed or fertilizer after the simple process, also can obtain the very high toxalbumin of medical value to the further deep processing of grouts; Feedstock oil is carried out the accurately machined while can obtain being worth very high medical glycerine.Therefore, the difficult district's plantation of, vegetation restoration and reconstruction serious Jatropha curcas in ecological degradation, particularly important, it conserves water and soil to ecological recovery, prevents to desertify, and guarantees reservoir area, embankment safety, and minimizing disaster etc. has very important realistic meaning.
At present, just at the large tracts of land artificial planting, mainly be to adopt seed seedling-raising to plant and the cuttage plantation on Sichuan, Yunnan and other places, relatively the seed seedling-raising plantation is comparatively economical, suitable.But all the time, the seed seed plant only rest on experience and with the aspect of other plant reference on, it is lower that the good method of neither one, result are planted survival rate.For this reason, be badly in need of researching and proposing a kind of Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting, managing and protecting method, to improve plantation survival rate and afforestation quality.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of standardized planting that can improve survival rate, improve the afforestation quality, manages and protects method for Jatropha curcas large tracts of land humidogene seedling standardized planting.
Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting of the present invention, manage and protect method, comprise definite seeding row spacing, dig pool specification, field planting and step such as manage and protect, wherein dig the pool according to certain seeding row spacing specification and method, field planting and managing and protecting, field planting was filled the gaps with seedlings after three months, trimming and finishing and weeding, field planting is carried out trimming and finishing, is topdressed and weeding after six months, 1 year respectively 3, carry out trimming and finishing, topdress and weeding June, the 3rd year later on respectively 3, carry out trimming and finishing, topdress and weeding August.
At Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting of the present invention, manage and protect in the method, described definite seeding row spacing is 2.5-3.5m * 3-4.5m.The described pool specification of digging is 40 * 40 * 40cm or 60 * 50 * 40cm, stays 5-15cm to loosen the soil at the bottom of the pool.Described field planting method is to arrange planting depth according to the size of seedling, is lower than pool face 5-10cm with the shoot root base portion and is advisable, and long root system can excise; Seedling is stood on pool central authorities, a hand steered straight seedling, the proficiency backfill soil, the soil of backfill is wanted no-sundries in small, broken bits; Backfill soil is dark half or 2/3rds o'clock to the pool, apply base manure around distance seedling 5-15cm, and base manure is by 1: efficient compound fertilizer and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 2-5 are formed, and every pool base manure sowing amount is that 20-50 restrains; Continue backfill soil at ordinary times,, with the hands seedling is upwards lifted 2-5cm gently while stepping on foot-operated real to the pool.Described field planting method also comprises and waters normal root water step, all will water normal root water during field planting in principle, but plantation can not watered in the rainy season of soil humidity, but the soil during plantation is must humidity suitable, arid season plantation must be watered sufficient normal root water, will consider also that in case of necessity plastic mulching preserves moisture.After field planting was intact, the weeds that must clear up the side of a pond covered the little weeds (acrial part) in the side of a pond or other place around the leprosy sapling of field planting, cover to not seeing Table soil and are advisable, to keep soil moisture and to prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
At Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting of the present invention, manage and protect in the method, described managing and protecting will strengthen patrolling plumber's work after step comprises field planting, the growth of cereal crop seedlings after the observation field planting is dynamic, strengthens the afforested area fireproofing, prevents that livestock from trampleing on and artificial destruction, in time carry out damage by disease and insect monitoring and control, find that damage by disease and insect will notify at once, set forth the damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic and the extent of injury, gather representative sample, send the relevant expert to identify and propose the method for preventing and treating, prevent and treat according to the scheme of preventing and treating that the expert proposes.Manage and protect step and comprise that also field planting is after three months, to fill the gaps with seedlings simultaneously, trimming and finishing and weeding step, described filling the gaps with seedlings is to check after three months in field planting to fill the gaps with seedlings, described trimming and finishing is to determining that the seedling that has survived will carry out trimming and finishing, at 10-40cm place, distance ground, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, bigger branch can be directly used in the cuttage plantation, described weeding is to carry out weeding in the 10-150cm scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.In field planting after six months, to carry out trimming and finishing simultaneously, topdress and the weeding step, described trimming and finishing is on the basis of the trimming and finishing first time, new mitogenetic branch is carried out the second pruning shaping, living 2-15cm place the distance shoot, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, and bigger branch can be directly used in the cuttage plantation; The described step of topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 5-15cm around distance seedling 5-20cm, applies and topdresses, and topdress by 1: efficient compound fertilizer and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 2-5 are formed, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is that 20-50 restrains; Described weeding step is to carry out weeding in 1 meter scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.1 year 3, carry out trimming and finishing, topdress and the weeding step June, described trimming and finishing step be to branch be less than the 5-15 branch on the basis of the trimming and finishing second time, new mitogenetic branch is carried out trimming and finishing three times, living 2-15cm place the distance shoot, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, and the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, and bigger branch can be directly used in the cuttage plantation; To branch more than the 15-25 branch at new mitogenetic branch base portion, according to keep export-oriented branch, tree-like attractive in appearance, be subjected to the sufficient principle of light to remove unnecessary branch, to intersect, overlapping branch will misplace drawing and setting; The described step of topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 5-15cm around distance seedling 20-65cm, applies and topdresses, and topdress by 1: efficient compound fertilizer and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 2-5 are formed, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is that 30-100 restrains; Described weeding step is to carry out weeding in the 2-3 rice scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.Later 3 in the 3rd year, carry out trimming and finishing August, topdress and the weeding step, described trimming and finishing step is to finalize the design, the no bud and the 2-15cm place, branch top of not bearing fruit are removed the top tip, promote branch and flower bud differentiation, to intersect, overlapping branch will misplace drawing and setting; The described step of topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 5-20cm around distance seedling 40-150cm, applies and topdresses, and topdress by 1: efficient compound fertilizer and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 2-5 are formed, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is that 80-150 restrains; Described weeding step is to carry out weeding in the 2-5m scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
Method of the present invention can improve Jatropha curcas humidogene seed and plant survival rate, survival rate can reach more than 95%, and can have then and begin on a small quantity to yield positive results, and can accelerate the growth of Jatropha curcas, therefore the present invention can be Jatropha curcas improvement dry-hot valley ecotope, the industrialization plantation provides the technological guidance, can produce huge ecological benefits and economic benefit.
Below further specify the present invention by specific embodiment, but embodiment only be used for the explanation, can not limit the scope of the invention.
Four, embodiment
Embodiment 1: carry out according to the following steps
One, determines seeding row spacing: 2.5m * 3m.
Two, dig pool specification and method: dig pool specification: 40 * 40 * 40cm; Stay 10cm to loosen the soil at the bottom of the pool, wait to plant.
Three, field planting:
1, arrange planting depth according to the size of seedling, be lower than pool face 5cm with the shoot root base portion and be advisable, long root system can excise.
2, seedling is stood on pool central authorities, a hand steered straight seedling, the proficiency backfill soil, the soil of backfill is wanted no-sundries in small, broken bits.
3, backfill soil is to the pool dark 2/3rds o'clock, applies base manure around distance seedling 15cm, and base manure forms with 1: 2 efficient compound fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate (the two is the commercially available prod) bout, and every pool base manure sowing amount is the 45-50 gram.
4, continue backfill soil at ordinary times,, with the hands seedling is upwards lifted 2-5cm gently while stepping on foot-operated real to the pool.
5, water normal root water: all will water normal root water during field planting in principle, but be subjected to the restriction of condition, plantation can not watered in the rainy season of soil humidity, but the soil during plantation is must humidity suitable.Arid season plantation must be watered sufficient normal root water, will consider also that in case of necessity plastic mulching preserves moisture.
6, after field planting finishes, xeothermic in view of weather, must clear up the weeds at the side of a pond, the little weeds (acrial part) in the side of a pond or other place are covered around the leprosy sapling of field planting, cover to not seeing Table soil and be advisable, to keep soil moisture and to prevent weeds propagation and widespread, also prevent to show native high temperature burning to seedling.
Four, manage and protect:
1, after the field planting, strengthen patrolling the plumber and do, the growth of cereal crop seedlings after the observation field planting is dynamic, strengthens the afforested area fireproofing; Prevent that livestock from trampleing on and artificial destruction.In time carry out damage by disease and insect monitoring and control, find that damage by disease and insect will notify at once, set forth the damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic and the extent of injury, gather representative sample, send the relevant expert to identify and propose the method for preventing and treating, prevent and treat according to the scheme of preventing and treating that the expert proposes.
2, field planting will be carried out following operation after three months simultaneously:
Fill the gaps with seedlings → trimming and finishing → weeding.
(1) fills the gaps with seedlings: check after three months in field planting and fill the gaps with seedlings that the method for filling the gaps with seedlings is with new plantation.
(2) trimming and finishing: will carry out trimming and finishing to determining the seedling that has survived: at 20cm place, distance ground, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, and the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, and bigger branch can be directly used in cuttage plantation (the same seedling grow of method).
(3) weeding: carry out weeding in the 50cm scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
3, field planting will be carried out following operation after six months simultaneously:
Trimming and finishing → topdress → weeding.
(1) trimming and finishing: on the basis of the trimming and finishing first time, new mitogenetic branch is carried out the second pruning shaping: the distance shoot and give birth to the 10cm place, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, and bigger branch can be directly used in cuttage plantation (the same seedling grow of method).
(2) topdress: open the dark ditch of 3-5cm around distance seedling 20cm, apply and topdress, topdressing forms with 1: 2 efficient compound fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate bout, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is the 45-50 gram.
(3) weeding: carry out weeding in the 1m scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
4,1 year: respectively 3, carry out following operation June:
Trimming and finishing → topdress → weeding.
(1) trimming and finishing: branch is less than 10: on the basis of the trimming and finishing second time, new mitogenetic branch is carried out trimming and finishing three times: the distance shoot and give birth to the 5cm place, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, and bigger branch can be directly used in cuttage plantation (the same seedling grow of method).To branch more than 12: at new mitogenetic branch base portion, according to keep export-oriented branch, tree-like attractive in appearance, be subjected to the sufficient principle of light to remove unnecessary branch, to intersect, overlapping branch will misplace drawing and setting.
(2) topdress: open the dark ditch of 3-5cm around distance seedling 40cm, apply and topdress, topdressing forms with 1: 2 efficient compound fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate bout, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is the 80-100 gram.
(3) weeding: carry out weeding in the 2m scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
5, after the 3rd year, respectively 3, carry out following operation August:
(1) trimming and finishing: finalizing the design, the no bud and the 5-10cm place, branch top of not bearing fruit are removed the top tip, promoting branch and flower bud differentiation.To intersect, overlapping branch will misplace drawing and setting.
(2) topdress: open the dark ditch of 3-5cm around distance seedling 60cm, apply and topdress, topdressing forms with 1: 2 efficient compound fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate bout, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is the 80-100 gram.
(3) weeding: carry out weeding in the 2m scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that comprising definite seeding row spacing, dig pool specification, field planting and step such as manage and protect, wherein dig the pool according to certain seeding row spacing specification and method, field planting and managing and protecting, field planting was filled the gaps with seedlings after three months, trimming and finishing and weeding, field planting is carried out trimming and finishing, is topdressed and weeding after six months, 1 year respectively 3, carry out trimming and finishing, topdress and weeding June, the 3rd year later on respectively 3, carry out trimming and finishing, topdress and weeding August.
2, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 1, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that described definite seeding row spacing is 2.5-3.5m * 3-4.5m.
3, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 1, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that the described pool specification of digging is 40 * 40 * 40cm or 60 * 50 * 40cm, stay 5-15cm to loosen the soil at the bottom of the pool.
4, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 1, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that described field planting method for arranging planting depth according to the size of seedling, is lower than pool face 5-10cm with the shoot root base portion to be advisable, long root system can excise; Seedling is stood on pool central authorities, a hand steered straight seedling, the proficiency backfill soil, the soil of backfill is wanted no-sundries in small, broken bits; Backfill soil is dark half or 2/3rds o'clock to the pool, apply base manure around distance seedling 5-15cm, and base manure is by 1: efficient compound fertilizer and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 2-5 are formed, and every pool base manure sowing amount is that 20-50 restrains; Continue backfill soil at ordinary times,, with the hands seedling is upwards lifted 2-5cm gently while stepping on foot-operated real to the pool.
5, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 1, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that described field planting method also comprises waters normal root water step, all to water normal root water during field planting in principle, but plantation can not watered in the rainy season of soil humidity, but the soil during plantation must humidity suit, arid season plantation must be watered sufficient normal root water, will consider also that in case of necessity plastic mulching preserves moisture.
6, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 1, manage and protect method, after it is characterized in that field planting is intact, must clear up the weeds at the side of a pond, the little weeds in the side of a pond or other place are covered around the leprosy sapling of field planting, cover to not seeing Table soil and be advisable, to keep soil moisture and to prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
7, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 1, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that managing and protecting and to strengthen patrolling plumber's work after step comprises field planting, the growth of cereal crop seedlings after the observation field planting is dynamic, strengthen the afforested area fireproofing, prevent that livestock from trampleing on and artificial destruction, in time carry out damage by disease and insect monitoring and control, find that damage by disease and insect will notify at once, set forth the damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic and the extent of injury, gather representative sample, send the relevant expert to identify and propose the method for preventing and treating, prevent and treat according to the scheme of preventing and treating that the expert proposes.
8, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 7, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that managing and protecting step and comprise that also field planting is after three months, to fill the gaps with seedlings simultaneously, trimming and finishing and weeding step, described filling the gaps with seedlings is to check after three months in field planting to fill the gaps with seedlings, described trimming and finishing is to determining that the seedling that has survived will carry out trimming and finishing, at 10-40cm place, distance ground, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, bigger branch can be directly used in the cuttage plantation, described weeding is to carry out weeding in the 10-150cm scope around seedling, will except that under weeds cover equally seedling around, to keep soil moisture and to prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
9, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 7, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that managing and protecting step and comprise that also field planting is after six months, to carry out trimming and finishing simultaneously, topdress and the weeding step, described trimming and finishing is on the basis of the trimming and finishing first time, new mitogenetic branch is carried out the second pruning shaping, living 2-15cm place the distance shoot, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, and bigger branch can be directly used in the cuttage plantation; The described step of topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 5-15cm around distance seedling 5-20cm, applies and topdresses, and topdress by 1: efficient compound fertilizer and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 2-5 are formed, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is that 20-50 restrains; Described weeding step is to carry out weeding in 1 meter scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
10, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 7, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that managing and protecting step also be included in 1 year 3, carry out trimming and finishing, topdress and the weeding step June, described trimming and finishing step be to branch be less than the 5-15 branch on the basis of the trimming and finishing second time, new mitogenetic branch is carried out trimming and finishing three times, living 2-15cm place the distance shoot, remove top, top with the secateurs cutter, the clip cellotape seals, the branch of cutting can be taken back the plugged ear of growing seedlings, and bigger branch can be directly used in the cuttage plantation; To branch more than the 15-25 branch at new mitogenetic branch base portion, according to keep export-oriented branch, tree-like attractive in appearance, be subjected to the sufficient principle of light to remove unnecessary branch, to intersect, overlapping branch will misplace drawing and setting; The described step of topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 5-15cm around distance seedling 20-65cm, applies and topdresses, and topdress by 1: efficient compound fertilizer and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 2-5 are formed, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is that 30-100 restrains; Described weeding step is to carry out weeding in the 2-3 rice scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
11, Jatropha curcas humidogene seedling standardized planting according to claim 7, manage and protect method, it is characterized in that managing and protecting step also be included in the 3rd year later 3, carry out trimming and finishing August, topdress and the weeding step, described trimming and finishing step is to finalize the design, the no bud and the 2-15cm place, branch top of not bearing fruit are removed the top tip, promote branch and flower bud differentiation, to intersect, overlapping branch will misplace drawing and setting; The described step of topdressing is to open the dark ditch of 5-20cm around distance seedling 40-150cm, applies and topdresses, and topdress by 1: efficient compound fertilizer and the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 2-5 are formed, and every pool sowing amount that topdresses is that 80-150 restrains; Described weeding step is to carry out weeding in the 2-5m scope around the seedling, will remove weeds down cover equally seedling around, with maintenance soil moisture with prevent weeds propagation and widespread.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101283657B (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2010-06-30 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Euphorbiae caper and jatropha curcas interplanting method |
CN102845233A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-01-02 | 云南神宇新能源有限公司 | Cleft grating method for jatropha curcas seedlings |
CN106982690A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-28 | 梁慰爱 | A kind of implantation methods of diesel oil tree |
-
2007
- 2007-04-27 CN CNB200710098064XA patent/CN100488354C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101283657B (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2010-06-30 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Euphorbiae caper and jatropha curcas interplanting method |
CN102845233A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-01-02 | 云南神宇新能源有限公司 | Cleft grating method for jatropha curcas seedlings |
CN102845233B (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2014-05-07 | 云南神宇新能源有限公司 | Cleft grating method for jatropha curcas seedlings |
CN106982690A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-28 | 梁慰爱 | A kind of implantation methods of diesel oil tree |
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