CN107197740B - Method for introducing ulmus wallichiana in new coastal areas - Google Patents
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- CN107197740B CN107197740B CN201710568809.8A CN201710568809A CN107197740B CN 107197740 B CN107197740 B CN 107197740B CN 201710568809 A CN201710568809 A CN 201710568809A CN 107197740 B CN107197740 B CN 107197740B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for introducing ulmus wallichiana into a new coastal area, which comprises the following seven steps: (1) collecting original plants, namely collecting the original plants of the ulmus pumila in 3-4 months every year, wherein the plants carry original soil during collection, and underground parts are prevented from being damaged; (2) preparing soil, selecting sandy soil with deep soil layer and strong water seepage force, deeply ploughing by 30-50cm, and applying enough base fertilizer; (3) transplanting, namely transplanting the original plants into a field within 3-5 days after the original plants are collected, and watering the field thoroughly once the same day after transplanting; (4) applying pesticide, spraying bactericide 7-10 days after transplanting to prevent insect pest; (5) topdressing, namely topdressing long-acting compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for golden leaf elm 5-6 months after transplanting; (6) performing field management, namely, a, keeping the field free of weeds, b, paying attention to drought resisting irrigation and drainage irrigation, and draining water in time in rainy season; (7) and (4) regular management, namely, regular pesticide application, topdressing and irrigation after 1 year of transplanting. The invention fills the blank of the prior art about the introduction method of the ulmus pumila.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant introduction methods, and particularly relates to a method for introducing ulmus wallichiana in a new coastal area.
Background
Ulmus pumila, Ulmus of Ulmaceae, is a variety of Ulmus pumila. The leaves are golden yellow, and have natural luster and gorgeous color; the veins are clear and the texture is good; oval leaves with average length of 3-5cm and width of 2-3cm, and slightly shorter than common Ulmus davidiana var leaves; the leaf edge has saw teeth, the tip of the leaf is gradually sharp, and the leaves and the leaf are grown on branches alternately. The branch of the golden leaf elm has strong sprouting capacity, and when about more than ten leaves grow on the branch, axillary buds sprout and grow new branches. Therefore, the branches of the golden leaf elm are denser than the branches of the common white elm, the crowns are more plump, the shapes are more abundant, and the golden leaf elm is more suitable for being used as greening plants.
In addition, the branch and leaf plant protein content of the ulmus pumila is high, the palatability is good, and the method is suitable for processing animal green feeds and feeds; the elm bark has high content of vegetable gum and good quality, and can be used for processing and extracting vegetable gum, and branch bark fiber can be used for replacing hemp to make rope and hemp bag or used as raw material for artificial cotton and paper making; the tender shoots and the elm seeds of the golden leaf elm of North China have good mouthfeel and rich nutrition, and can be processed into high-quality green food; the slippery elm is hard and can be used as wood floor and furniture; the fruits, bark and leaves of Ulmus davidiana var have tranquilizing effect, and can be used for treating neurasthenia and insomnia.
However, no research and report about the introduction method of ulmus pumila exist, and therefore, the method is a technical problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for introducing ulmus wallichiana into a new coastal area, and fills the blank of the method for introducing ulmus wallichiana in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved in such a way that,
an introduction method of Ulmus davidiana var in a new coastal area comprises seven steps of original plant collection, soil preparation, transplantation, pesticide application, additional fertilizer, field management and regular management,
(1) collecting original plants, namely collecting the original plants of the golden leaf elms in 3-4 months every year, selecting plants with golden yellow color, spread branches and leaves and no residue, and avoiding damage to underground parts due to the fact that the plants carry original soil during collection;
(2) preparing soil, selecting sandy soil with deep soil layer and strong water seepage force, deeply ploughing by 30-50cm, and applying enough base fertilizer;
(3) transplanting, namely transplanting the plants into a field within 3-5 days after the original plants are collected, wherein the planting depth is 15-20cm, the line spacing of the plants is 80cmX100cm, and watering once the same day after transplanting;
(4) applying pesticide, spraying bactericide 7-10 days after transplanting to prevent insect pest;
(5) topdressing, namely topdressing long-acting compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for golden leaf elm 5-6 months after transplanting;
(6) performing field management, namely, a, keeping the field free of weeds, b, paying attention to drought resisting irrigation and drainage irrigation, and draining water in time in rainy season;
(7) and (4) regular management, namely, regular pesticide application, topdressing and irrigation after 1 year of transplanting.
Preferably, the age of the original golden leaf elm strain in the step (1) is 2 years or more, that is, after the crown of the original golden leaf elm strain is basically formed.
Preferably, the original golden leaf elm plant collected in the step (1) is stored in a ventilated and cool place to prevent the fast drying and cracking of the carried soil, and the root of the original golden leaf elm plant can be sealed by a plastic bag or a plastic film for storage.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step (2) is organic fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 2000-3000 kg per mu.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is decomposed compost or stable manure.
Preferably, carbendazim is used as the bactericide in the step (4).
Preferably, the long-acting compound fertilizer in the step (5) adopts N: k: the mass ratio of P is 4: 1: 2, the fertilizing amount is 800-.
Preferably, the fertilizer special for ulmus pumila in the step (5) comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of corn straw, 10-20 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 3-5 parts of magnesium chloride, 2-4 parts of calcium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of chitosan, 0.3-0.5 part of EM bacterial liquid, and the balance bentonite to 100.
Preferably, in the step (6), the irrigation is performed when the leaves wither after being planted, the irrigation time and times are determined according to rainfall conditions, and the summer drought selects the early-late irrigation to avoid the midday sunshine under the insolation.
Preferably, in the step (7), the pesticide application and the top dressing are performed once every 5-6 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for introducing the ulmus wallichiana into the new coastal area fills the blank of the method for introducing the ulmus wallichiana in the prior art.
2. The operation method is simple and easy to implement, a set of complete introduction technology is provided through measures such as original plant collection, introduction time, cultivation and management, the survival rate can reach more than 95%, and the transplanted seedlings grow well.
3. The ulmus pumila has certain adaptability to cold temperature, grows well in new Tianjin coastal areas, and shows that the ulmus pumila has strong adaptability to coastal areas.
4. The ulmus pumila can grow in new Tianjin coastal areas, so that the introduction and cultivation range of the ulmus pumila is expanded, and the categories of Tianjin landscaping tree species are enriched.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
an introduction method of Ulmus davidiana var in a new coastal area comprises seven steps of original plant collection, soil preparation, transplantation, pesticide application, additional fertilizer, field management and regular management,
(1) collecting original plants, namely collecting the original plants of the golden leaf elm in 4 months, selecting the plants with golden yellow color, unfolded branches and leaves and no residue, wherein the plants have original soil during collection to avoid damage of underground parts, the age of the original plants of the golden leaf elm is selected for 2.5 years, namely after the crown of the original plants of the golden leaf elm is basically formed, collecting the original plants of the golden leaf elm and storing the original plants of the golden leaf elm in a ventilated and cool place, and sealing the roots of the original plants of the golden leaf elm with a plastic bag or a plastic film for storage;
(2) preparing soil, selecting sandy soil with deep soil layer and strong water seepage force, deeply ploughing for 50cm, and applying sufficient base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is selected from manure organic fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is ensured to be 2500 kilograms per mu;
(3) transplanting, namely transplanting the plants into a field within 5 days after the original plants are collected, wherein the planting depth is 20cm, the line spacing of the plants is 80cmX100cm, and watering once the day after transplanting;
(4) applying pesticide, and spraying a bactericide 7 days after transplanting, wherein the bactericide is carbendazim and is used for preventing insect pests;
(5) topdressing, namely topdressing long-acting compound fertilizer after 5 months after transplanting, wherein the long-acting compound fertilizer is prepared from N: k: the mass ratio of P is 4: 1: 2, fertilizing amount is 1000 kilograms per mu;
(6) performing field management, namely a keeping the field free of weeds, b paying attention to drought resisting irrigation and drainage irrigation in rainy seasons, draining water in time in rainy seasons, performing irrigation when leaves wither after planting, wherein the time and frequency of irrigation are determined according to rainfall conditions, and selecting early and late irrigation in summer drought so as to avoid irrigation under midday sunlight exposure;
(7) and (4) regular management, namely, regular pesticide application, top dressing and irrigation are carried out after 1 year of transplanting, and one pesticide application and one top dressing are carried out every 5-6 months.
Example 2:
an introduction method of Ulmus davidiana var in a new coastal area comprises seven steps of original plant collection, soil preparation, transplantation, pesticide application, additional fertilizer, field management and regular management,
(1) collecting original plants, namely collecting the original golden leaf elm plants in 4 months every year, selecting the plants with golden yellow color, unfolded branches and leaves and no incomplete parts, wherein the plants have original soil during collection to avoid damage of underground parts, selecting the age of the original golden leaf elm plants for 2 years, namely after the crowns of the original golden leaf elm plants are basically formed, collecting the original golden leaf elm plants and storing the original golden leaf elm plants in a ventilated and cool place, and sealing the roots of the original golden leaf elm plants by using a plastic bag or a plastic film for storage;
(2) preparing soil, selecting sandy soil with deep soil layer and strong water seepage force, deeply ploughing for 50cm, and applying sufficient base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is prepared by organic fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 3000 kg per mu;
(3) transplanting, namely transplanting the plants into a field within 3 days after the original plants are collected, wherein the planting depth is 20cm, the line spacing of the plants is 80cmX100cm, and watering once the day after transplanting;
(4) applying pesticide, and spraying a bactericide 7 days after transplanting, wherein the bactericide is carbendazim and is used for preventing insect pests;
(5) topdressing, namely topdressing long-acting compound fertilizer 6 months after transplanting, wherein the long-acting compound fertilizer is prepared from N: k: the mass ratio of P is 4: 1: 2, the fertilizing amount is 1500 kilograms per mu;
(6) performing field management, namely a keeping the field free of weeds, b paying attention to drought resisting irrigation and drainage irrigation in rainy seasons, draining water in time in rainy seasons, performing irrigation when leaves wither after planting, wherein the time and frequency of irrigation are determined according to rainfall conditions, and selecting early and late irrigation in summer drought so as to avoid irrigation under midday sunlight exposure;
(7) and (4) regular management, namely, regular pesticide application, top dressing and irrigation are carried out after 1 year of transplanting, and one pesticide application and one top dressing are carried out every 5-6 months.
Example 3:
an introduction method of Ulmus davidiana var in a new coastal area comprises seven steps of original plant collection, soil preparation, transplantation, pesticide application, additional fertilizer, field management and regular management,
(1) collecting original plants, namely collecting the original plants of the ulmus pumila in 3 middle ten days of the month, selecting the plants with golden yellow color, unfolded branches and leaves and no incomplete defects, wherein the plants have original soil during collection to avoid damage to underground parts, the age of the original plants of the ulmus pumila is 2 years, namely after the crown of the original plants of the ulmus pumila is basically formed, collecting the original plants of the ulmus pumila and storing the original plants of the ulmus pumila in a ventilated and cool place;
(2) preparing soil, selecting sandy soil with deep soil layer and strong water seepage force, deeply ploughing for 40cm, and applying sufficient base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is selected from stable manure, and the fertilizing amount is 3000 kg per mu;
(3) transplanting, namely transplanting the plants into a field within 5 days after the original plants are collected, wherein the planting depth is 20cm, the line spacing of the plants is 80cmX100cm, and watering once the day after transplanting;
(4) applying pesticide, and spraying a bactericide after 10 days after transplanting, wherein the bactericide is carbendazim and is used for preventing insect pests;
(5) topdressing, namely topdressing a special fertilizer for ulmus pumila 6 months after transplanting, wherein the special fertilizer for ulmus pumila comprises the following components and the occupied components of chicken manure 20, corn straw 20, urea 15, potassium chloride 10, Chinese medicine residues 15, magnesium chloride 5, calcium sulfate 3, chitosan 1, 0.3 of EM bacterial liquid, and the balance of bentonite which is up to 100, and the fertilizing amount is 1000 kg per mu;
(6) performing field management, namely a keeping the field free of weeds, b paying attention to drought resisting irrigation and drainage irrigation in rainy seasons, draining water in time in rainy seasons, performing irrigation when leaves wither after planting, wherein the time and frequency of irrigation are determined according to rainfall conditions, and selecting early and late irrigation in summer drought so as to avoid irrigation under midday sunlight exposure;
(7) and (4) regular management, namely, regular pesticide application, top dressing and irrigation are carried out after 1 year of transplanting, and one pesticide application and one top dressing are carried out every 5-6 months.
Example 4:
an introduction method of Ulmus davidiana var in a new coastal area comprises seven steps of original plant collection, soil preparation, transplantation, pesticide application, additional fertilizer, field management and regular management,
(1) collecting original plants, namely collecting the original plants of the ulmus pumila in 3 middle ten days of the month, selecting the plants with golden yellow color, unfolded branches and leaves and no incomplete parts, wherein the plants have original soil during collection to avoid damage to underground parts, the age of the original plants of the ulmus pumila is 2 years, namely after the crown of the original plants of the ulmus pumila is basically formed, collecting the original plants of the ulmus pumila and storing the original plants in a ventilated and cool place, and sealing the roots of the original plants of the ulmus pumila by using a plastic bag or a plastic film for storage;
(2) preparing soil, selecting sandy soil with deep soil layer and strong water seepage force, deeply ploughing for 50cm, and applying sufficient base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer stable manure, and the fertilizing amount is ensured to be 2500 kilograms per mu;
(3) transplanting, namely transplanting the plants into a field within 3 days after the original plants are collected, wherein the planting depth is 15cm, the line spacing of the plants is 80cmX100cm, and watering once the day after transplanting;
(4) applying pesticide, and spraying a bactericide 7 days after transplanting, wherein the bactericide is carbendazim and is used for preventing insect pests;
(5) topdressing, namely topdressing a special fertilizer for ulmus pumila 5 months after transplanting, wherein the special fertilizer for ulmus pumila comprises the following components and the occupied components of 25 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of urea, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of Chinese medicine residues, 5 parts of magnesium chloride, 3 parts of calcium sulfate, 1 part of chitosan and 0.5 part of EM bacterial liquid, the balance of bentonite is supplemented to 100, and the fertilizing amount is 800 kg per mu;
(6) performing field management, namely a keeping the field free of weeds, b paying attention to drought resisting irrigation and drainage irrigation in rainy seasons, draining water in time in rainy seasons, performing irrigation when leaves wither after planting, wherein the time and frequency of irrigation are determined according to rainfall conditions, and selecting early and late irrigation in summer drought so as to avoid irrigation under midday sunlight exposure;
(7) and (4) regular management, namely, regular pesticide application, top dressing and irrigation are carried out after 1 year of transplanting, and one pesticide application and one top dressing are carried out every 5-6 months.
It should be noted that the implementation sites of the above embodiments are new coastal areas of Tianjin.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for introducing Ulmus chinensis planch in a new coastal area is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises seven steps of original plant collection, soil preparation, transplantation, pesticide application, topdressing, field management and regular management,
(1) collecting original plants, namely collecting the original plants of the golden leaf elms in 3-4 months every year, selecting plants with golden yellow color, spread branches and leaves and no residue, and avoiding damage to underground parts due to the fact that the plants carry original soil during collection;
(2) preparing soil, selecting sandy soil with deep soil layer and strong water seepage force, deeply ploughing by 30-50cm, and applying enough base fertilizer;
(3) transplanting, namely transplanting the plants into a field within 3-5 days after the original plants are collected, wherein the planting depth is 15-20cm, the line spacing of the plants is 80cmX100cm, and watering once the same day after transplanting;
(4) applying pesticide, spraying bactericide 7-10 days after transplanting to prevent insect pest;
(5) topdressing, namely topdressing long-acting compound fertilizer or special fertilizer for golden leaf elm 5-6 months after transplanting;
(6) performing field management, namely, a, keeping the field free of weeds, b, paying attention to drought resisting irrigation and drainage irrigation, and draining water in time in rainy season;
(7) and (4) regular management, namely, regular pesticide application, topdressing and irrigation after 1 year of transplanting.
2. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the age of the Ulmus pumila stock plant in the step (1) is 2 years or more than 2 years.
3. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (2) collecting the original golden leaf elm plants in the step (1) and storing the original golden leaf elm plants in a ventilated and cool place.
4. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) the base fertilizer in the step (2) is organic fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount is 3000 kilograms per mu of 2000-.
5. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the organic fertilizer is decomposed compost or stable manure.
6. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) the bactericide in the step (4) is carbendazim.
7. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the long-acting compound fertilizer in the step (5) adopts N: k: the mass ratio of P is 4: 1: 2, the fertilizing amount is 800-.
8. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer special for ulmus pumila in the step (5) comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of corn straw, 10-20 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 3-5 parts of magnesium chloride, 2-4 parts of calcium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of chitosan, 0.3-0.5 part of EM bacterial liquid, and the balance bentonite which is up to 100.
9. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) in the step (6), if the leaves are withered after being planted, irrigating, wherein the time and the frequency of irrigation are determined according to the rainfall condition, and the summer drought selects early-evening irrigation to avoid the midday sunshine insolation for irrigation.
10. The method for introducing Ulmus pumila Hance in a new coastal area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (5) in the step (7), once pesticide application and once topdressing are carried out every 5-6 months.
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| CN109220455A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-18 | 成都环美园林生态股份有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of pumila |
| CN109618803A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Chinese elm superior timber stand trees form breeding method |
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| CN104170700A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-12-03 | 天津市富邦园林绿化工程有限公司 | Transplanting method for project tree species |
| CN106134898A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-11-23 | 华宁县翠天园林有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of oriental cherry |
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| CN104170700A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-12-03 | 天津市富邦园林绿化工程有限公司 | Transplanting method for project tree species |
| CN106134898A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-11-23 | 华宁县翠天园林有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of oriental cherry |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 《彩色树种在天津滨海盐碱地引种试验及适应性》;杨永利等;《天津农业科学》;20121231;第164-168页 * |
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