CN107056389B

CN107056389B - Method for introducing and cultivating Hanfu apples in high-altitude mountain areas

Info

Publication number: CN107056389B
Application number: CN201710398463.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜江理; 柳凯春
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-05-31
Filing date: 2017-05-31
Publication date: 2020-05-01
Anticipated expiration: 2037-05-31
Also published as: CN107056389A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for introducing and cultivating Hanfu apples in high-altitude mountainous areas, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. According to the method, the survival rate of the young Hanfu apple seedlings in the high-altitude mountain areas is improved through the steps of garden building, seedling tree treatment, fruit tree drought-resistant cultivation, tree form cultivation, fertilizer and water management and comprehensive pest control, the planting range of Hanfu apples is expanded, the young Hanfu apples grow into flowers in three years, the apples grow into fruits in four years, the yield per mu in the fifth year reaches 1208.5kg, the yield per mu in the sixth year reaches 2513.1kg, the high-quality fruit rate reaches 87.5%, and the purpose of high yield of the Hanfu early apples is fully achieved.

Description

Method for introducing and cultivating Hanfu apples in high-altitude mountain areas

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for introducing and cultivating Hanfu apples in high-altitude mountain areas.

Background

Hanfu apples are cold-resistant high-quality big fruit type products bred by Shenyang agriculture university with Dongguangxushi as parent. The Hanfu apples have good cold resistance, stress resistance, drought resistance, extensive management resistance, high yield and obvious economic benefit, the fruits are short and conical, the shapes of the fruits are regular, the bottoms of the peels are yellow green, the surfaces of the fruits are bright red and are colored comprehensively, the wax layers of the peels are medium and thick, the fruit powder is less, the fruit points are small, and the fruit stalks are short and thick; the fruit core is small, the pulp is light yellow, the meat is crisp, the juice is rich in taste, the juice is sour, sweet and delicious, the aroma is provided, the peel hardness is high, the content of soluble solid is 15%, the total sugar content is 12%, the quality is high, and the fruit is deeply loved by consumers.

With the increasing export quantity of apples, the apples are planted in a large range all over the country, and particularly, the red Fuji apples represented by Shandong tobacco Taiwan and Gansu Jingning are famous. The northern area is the main production area of apples, the cultivation altitude is about 1400 meters, common red Fuji varieties generally have the phenomenon of freezing injury at branches at the bases of trunks, roots and main branches, and then the branches are rampant harm of apple tree canker, the propagation and infection are fast, and the phenomenon of large-area garden destruction is caused in 3 to 5 years, so that the first-level fruit rate and the second-level fruit rate in the northern area are less than 65 percent, the high-quality fruit rate is less than 30 percent, high-grade fruits are fewer, the quality of the whole fruits is poorer, and the economic benefit of fruit growers seriously declines, so that the 'cold-rich' varieties are popular in the northern area for introduction and cultivation in a short time.

The mountainous areas in the northern area are wide in area, so that the mountainous areas become main cultivation areas for apples, but the mountainous areas in the northern area are high in altitude, the altitude range is 2500 plus 2857 meters, and the mountainous areas are limited under natural conditions such as cold climate, oxygen deficiency and climate, so that the quality of the cultivated apples in the mountainous areas with high altitude is poor, the yield is low, and the economic development of the apples in the mountainous areas is severely restricted. Therefore, it is urgently needed to introduce a new variety "Hanfu" of apples for cultivation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for introducing and cultivating Hanfu apples in high-altitude mountain areas aiming at the defects or shortcomings in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a method for introducing and cultivating Hanfu apples in high-altitude mountain areas, which comprises the following steps of:

① garden construction and seedling treatment, wherein the elevation is 2500 + 2857 m, the drainage is good, the soil layer is deep and thick and is rich in organic matters, the gentle slope hillside land which is leeward and faces the sun and has the slope less than 15 degrees is used as a cultivation garden, the soil is ploughed, the ploughing thickness is 20-30cm, 400kg of organic manure is applied to each mu in combination with deep ploughing, a planting hole is dug after the ground is finely leveled, the diameter of the planting hole is 80-100cm, the depth is 60-80cm, a polyvinyl chloride bag which is free of plant diseases and insect pests, robust and complete in root and is filled with root soaking liquid at the root of an annual cold-rich apple seedling with the height of 40-60 cm is selected, the bag opening is tightened, a small hole with the aperture of 3-5mm is pricked at the bottommost of the bag, then the bag is moved into the planting hole, and the hole opening is;

② drought-resistant cultivation of fruit tree, removing the bag when the root soaking solution in the polyvinyl chloride bag in step ① completely permeates into the planting hole, planting the seedling in spring, planting 30-40 plants per mu, transplanting apple seedlings, backfilling moisture-retaining soil and compacting, wherein the row spacing of planting is 5-6 m, the plant spacing is 2-3 m;

③ culturing tree form, namely, re-shearing young and weak trees for two consecutive years, wherein the ratio of the central trunk to the main branch is kept to be 4-5: 1;

④ managing fertilizer and water, wherein the topdressing comprises root topdressing and topdressing of foliar fertilizer, topdressing of organic nitrogen fertilizer in the germination stage of the fruit tree, and spraying of liquid fertilizer to the whole tree body in the expansion stage of the fruit tree;

⑤ comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are carried out in the whole growth process of apple trees, including before germination, during leaf expanding and before bagging.

Further, the root soaking solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of olive oil, 0.5-2.5 parts of vitamin C, 61.5-3 parts of vitamin B, 0.5-1 part of aloe barbadensis leaf extract, 1.5-2 parts of tocopherol acetate, 15-20 parts of water and 2.5-3 parts of marine active mineral essence.

Further, the moisturizing soil is prepared by mixing the soil of the cultivation land and the salt-cornucopia residue according to the proportion of 2:1, and adjusting the water content of the soil to be 50-60% by using moisturizing water.

Further, the moisturizing lotion comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5-5.5 parts of low molecular hyaluronic acid, 3-10 parts of glycerol, 4-8 parts of cactus juice and 30-50 parts of water.

Further, applying organic nitrogen fertilizer in a disc hole shape during the germination period of the fruit trees; the organic nitrogen fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock and poultry manure, cottonseed hulls, urea, Chinese cabbage residue, bean dregs, donkey bone meal and water according to the weight ratio of 60-80: 40-50: 15-20:20-30:5-10:30-50: 100-120 are mixed and then fermented.

Further, the foliage fertilizer sprayed during the fruit expansion period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-100 parts of biogas slurry, 15-20 parts of bamboo vinegar, 3-5 parts of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1-3 parts of licorice root extract, 2-4 parts of oat kernel protein, 1.5-2.5 parts of chamomile extract and 0.5-1.5 parts of sweet almond seed extract.

Further, before apple trees germinate, an orchard is completely cleaned, and the whole apple trees are sprayed with 200 times of omphalia extract for one time; in the leaf expanding period, 10 times of liquid tree body of 10 percent of cortex meliae extract is sprayed once; and spraying 100 times of 15% litsea cubeba leaf extract once to the whole tree 2-3 days before bagging.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the method for introducing and cultivating the Hanfu apples in the high-altitude mountainous areas, the survival rate of the Hanfu apple seedlings in the high-altitude mountainous areas is improved through steps of garden building, seedling tree treatment, drought-resistant cultivation of fruit trees, tree form cultivation, fertilizer and water management and comprehensive pest control, the planting range of the Hanfu apples is expanded, the Hanfu apple seedlings grow flowers in three years, the fruits are formed and hung in four years, the yield per mu in the fifth year reaches 1208.5kg, the yield per mu in the sixth year reaches 2513.1kg, the high-quality fruit rate reaches 87.5%, and the aim of high yield of the Hanfu early apples is fully achieved.

2. Compared with the traditional apple seedling treatment method, the method has the advantages that the root soaking treatment is carried out in the planting holes, on one hand, the root soaking treatment in the natural environment is beneficial to the apple to adapt to the external environment better after being transplanted and grow better, on the other hand, the root soaking treatment is carried out in the planting holes, and the root soaking liquid continuously flows into the soil while soaking the roots, so that the physicochemical property of the soil is improved, the organic matters in the soil are increased, and the soil is more fertile.

3. According to the invention, a fertilizer-water coupling technology is adopted during fertilizer-water management in the process of cultivating Hanfu apples, nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the germination period of fruit trees, simultaneously the content of water in soil is supplemented, necessary nutrient elements and water are provided for young trees in time, meanwhile, a novel organic green fertilizer source is sprayed during the fruit expansion period, biogas slurry is mainly used, blades are sprayed, nutrition is supplemented for the fruit trees by the absorption of the blades, the breeding of various pathogenic bacteria is inhibited, and the healthy growth of the trees is maintained.

4. Aiming at the characteristic that the Hanfu apples are not drought-resistant, the fruit tree drought-resistant cultivation method is adopted in the cultivation method, compared with the traditional backfilled cultivation soil, the method backfills the specially-made moisturizing soil, can lock water in the soil for a long time, reduces the transpiration effect of the soil, moisturizes the soil for a long time, is beneficial to the growth of apple trees, reduces the content of membrane lipid peroxide (MDA) in apple leaves, keeps the integrity of cell membranes in the apple leaves good, maintains the functions of leaf cell and keeps the good growth state of the apple trees.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A method for introducing and cultivating Hanfu apples in high-altitude mountain areas comprises the following steps:

① Garden construction and seedling treatment, selecting gentle slope hillside land with elevation of 2500 m, good drainage soil layer depth and rich organic matter, leeward and sunny slope less than 15 degrees as cultivation garden, turning over soil with depth of 20cm, applying 300kg of organic manure per mu in combination with deep turning, digging a planting hole with diameter of 80cm and depth of 60cm after raking the land, tying the bag mouth tightly, tying a small hole with aperture of 3mm at the bottom of the bag, and transferring the bag into the planting hole, wherein the hole is covered with straw, and the root soaking solution comprises 1 part of olive oil, 0.5 part of vitamin C, 61.5 parts of vitamin B, 0.5 part of aloe leaf extract, 1.5 parts of tocopherol acetate, 15 parts of water and 2.5 parts of marine active mineral essence.

② drought-resistant cultivation of fruit tree, removing bag when the root soaking solution in the polyvinyl chloride bag in step ① completely permeates into planting hole, planting seedling wood in spring, planting the seedling wood in spring with row spacing of 5m and plant spacing of 2m, planting 30 seedlings per mu, backfilling moisturizing soil and compacting, wherein the moisturizing soil is prepared by mixing planting land soil and salt horny algae residue according to a ratio of 2:1, and regulating the water content of the soil to 50% by using moisturizing water, and the moisturizing water comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, 2.5 parts of low-molecular hyaluronic acid, 3 parts of glycerol, 4 parts of cactus juice and 30 parts of water;

③ culturing tree form, namely, re-shearing young and weak trees for two consecutive years, wherein the ratio of the central trunk to the main branch is kept to be 4: 1;

④ management of fertilizer water, wherein the top dressing comprises root top dressing and top dressing of leaf fertilizer, the organic nitrogen fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock and poultry manure, cottonseed hull, urea, Chinese cabbage residue, bean dregs, donkey bone meal and water according to the weight ratio of 60: 40: 15:20:5: 30: 100 respectively and then fermenting, the leaf fertilizer sprayed during the fruit expanding period comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 70 parts of biogas slurry, 15 parts of bamboo vinegar liquid, 3 parts of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1 part of licorice root extract, 2 parts of oat kernel protein, 1.5 parts of chamomile extract and 0.5 part of sweet almond seed extract;

⑤ comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests comprises spraying 200 times of Omphalia extract to apple tree before germination, spraying 10 times of cortex Meliae extract to apple tree during leaf-expanding period, and spraying 15% of Litsea cubeba leaf extract to apple tree for 2-3 days before bagging.

As shown by field cultivation experiments, the Hanfu apple saplings cultivated by the cultivation method in the embodiment 3 flower in the 3 rd year, the Hanfu apple saplings form and bear fruits in the fourth year, the yield per mu in the fifth year reaches 1187.3kg, the yield per mu in the sixth year is 2416.7kg, and the high-quality fruit rate is 89.7%.

Example 2

① garden building and seedling treatment, wherein 2857 m high elevation, good drainage soil layer depth and rich organic matter, gentle slope hillside land with slope less than 15 degrees facing the sun facing the wind is selected as a cultivation garden, soil is turned over, the depth of turning over is 30cm, 400kg of organic manure is applied to each mu in combination with turning over deeply, a land rake is finely leveled, a planting hole is dug, the diameter of the planting hole is 100cm, the depth of the planting hole is 80cm, a polyvinyl chloride bag which is free of diseases and insect pests, strong and complete in root system and is 60cm high and contains root soaking liquid at the root of an annual cold and rich apple seedling is selected, a bag opening is tightened, a small hole with the aperture of 5mm is tied at the bottommost of the bag, then the bag is moved into the planting hole, and the hole opening is covered by straw, the root soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 3 parts of olive oil, 2.5 parts of vitamin C, 3 parts of guy cable, 63 parts of vitamin B, 1 part of aloe leaf extract, 2 parts of tocopherol acetate, 20 parts of water and 3 parts of marine active mineral;

② drought-resistant cultivation of fruit tree, removing bag when the root soaking solution in the polyvinyl chloride bag in step ① completely permeates into planting hole, planting seedling wood in spring, the row spacing of planting is 6 m, the plant spacing is 3m, 40 seedlings are planted per mu, the apple seedlings are transplanted, backfilling moisturizing soil and compacting, wherein the moisturizing soil is prepared by mixing planting land soil and salt horny algae residue according to the proportion of 2:1, and adjusting the water content of the soil to be 60% by using moisturizing water, and the moisturizing water comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, 5.5 parts of low-molecular hyaluronic acid, 10 parts of glycerol, 8 parts of cactus juice and 50 parts of water;

④ management of fertilizer and water, wherein the top dressing comprises root top dressing and top dressing of leaf fertilizer, organic nitrogen fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock manure, cottonseed hull, urea, Chinese cabbage residue, bean dregs, donkey bone meal and water according to the weight ratio of 80: 50: 20:30:10: 50: 120 respectively and then fermenting, the leaf fertilizer sprayed during fruit expansion comprises 100 parts of biogas slurry, 20 parts of bamboo vinegar, 5 parts of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 3 parts of licorice root extract, 4 parts of oat kernel protein, 2.5 parts of chamomile extract and 1.5 parts of sweet almond seed extract;

⑤ comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, wherein the method comprises spraying 200 times of Omphalia lapidescens extract to the whole apple tree before germination, spraying 10 times of Melia azedarach extract to the whole apple tree during leaf-expanding period, and spraying 15% of Litsea cubeba leaf extract to the whole apple tree for 100 times of Litsea cubeba leaf extract 2-3 days before bagging.

As shown by field cultivation experiments, the Hanfu apple saplings cultivated by the cultivation method in the embodiment 3 flower in the 3 rd year, the Hanfu apple saplings form and bear fruits in the fourth year, the yield per mu in the fifth year reaches 1198.4kg, the yield per mu in the sixth year is 2312.7kg, and the high-quality fruit rate is 85.5%.

Example 3

① garden building and seedling treatment, selecting gentle slope hillside land with height of 2650 m, good drainage soil layer depth and rich in organic matter, leeward and sunny slope less than 15 degrees as a cultivation garden, turning over the soil, wherein the deep turning thickness is 25cm, applying 350kg of organic manure per mu in combination with deep turning, digging a planting hole after raking the land, the diameter of the planting hole is 90cm, the depth is 70cm, selecting a polyvinyl chloride bag which is provided with root soaking liquid and is 50 cm high and robust and has complete root system, binding a bag opening, tying a small hole with the aperture of 4mm at the bottom of the bag, and then transferring the bag into the planting hole, wherein the root soaking liquid comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 1.5 parts of olive oil, 1.5 parts of vitamin C cable, 62.5 parts of vitamin B, 0.8 part of aloe leaf extract, 1.8 parts of tocopherol acetate, 17 parts of water and 2.8 parts of mineral active mineral;

② drought-resistant cultivation of fruit tree, removing bag when the root soaking solution in the polyvinyl chloride bag in step ① completely permeates into planting hole, planting seedling in spring, planting 35 plants per mu with planting row spacing of 5.5 m and plant spacing of 2.5m, transplanting apple seedlings, backfilling moisturizing soil and compacting, wherein the moisturizing soil is prepared by mixing planting land soil and salt and cantharides residue according to a ratio of 2:1, adjusting the water content of soil to 55% by using moisturizing water, and the moisturizing water comprises 4 parts by weight of low molecular hyaluronic acid, 6.5 parts by weight of glycerin, 6 parts by weight of cactus juice and 40 parts by weight of water;

③ culturing tree form, namely, re-shearing young and weak trees for two consecutive years, wherein the ratio of the central trunk to the main branch is kept to be 5: 1;

④ management of fertilizer and water, wherein the top dressing comprises root top dressing and top dressing of leaf fertilizer, organic nitrogen fertilizer is top dressing in the germination period of fruit tree, liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the whole tree body in the expansion period of fruit tree, the organic nitrogen fertilizer is top dressing in the shape of disk holes in the germination period of fruit tree, the organic nitrogen fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock and poultry manure, cottonseed hull, urea, Chinese cabbage residue, bean dregs, donkey bone meal and water according to the weight ratio of 70:45:25:7:40:110 respectively and fermenting, the leaf fertilizer sprayed in the expansion period of fruit is prepared from 80 parts of biogas slurry, 18 parts of bamboo vinegar, 4 parts of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 2 parts of licorice root extract, 3 parts of oat kernel protein, 2 parts of chamomile extract and 1 part of sweet almond seed extract by weight;

⑤ comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests comprises spraying 200 times of Omphalia extract to the whole apple tree before germination, spraying 10 times of cortex Meliae extract to the whole apple tree in leaf-expanding period, and spraying 15% of Litsea cubeba leaf extract to the whole apple tree in 100 times of leaf-expanding period 3 days before bagging.

As shown by field cultivation experiments, the Hanfu apple saplings cultivated by the cultivation method in the embodiment 3 flower in the 3 rd year, the Hanfu apple saplings form and bear fruits in the fourth year, the yield per mu in the fifth year reaches 1208.7kg, the yield per mu in the sixth year is 2513.1kg, and the high-quality fruit rate is 87.5%.

Test examples

Test for seedling survival

Basic conditions of the test foundation: the test garden is built in a mountain area of Bambo village under Yangtze river town of Zhuang Lang county of Gansu province, the altitude is about 2650 m, the annual average temperature is 8.2 ℃, the day-night temperature difference is 14.2 ℃, the annual rainfall is 482.2mm, the frost-free period is about 150 days, and the area is 15.3hm 2. The soil is sandy loam, the depth of the soil layer is more than 200cm, the soil is loose, the permeability is good, and the content of organic matters is 0.8 percent. 56.4mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 19.7mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 172.5mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, and the pH value is 7.0-7.5.

The test method comprises the following steps: 200 annual cold apple young seedlings which are free of diseases and insect pests, strong and complete in root system and 50 cm in height are selected as test objects in 2013, 3 and 10, and the number of the processed young seedling plants of each group of a blank group, a control group 1, a control group 2 and a test group is set to be 50 according to the processing requirements.

The processing method comprises ① blank group, namely, 50 seedlings are filled in polyvinyl chloride bags with water, the bag openings are tightened, small holes with the aperture of 4mm are tied at the bottommost part of the bags, then the bags are moved into a planting hole, and the hole openings are covered with straws;

② control group 1, 50 seedling trees are filled with 1000 times of rooting powder No. 3 solution in polyvinyl chloride bag, the bag mouth is tightened, a small hole with 4mm aperture is tied at the bottom of the bag, then the bag is moved into a planting hole, the hole mouth is covered with straw;

③ control group 2, 50 seedling trees are packed in polyvinyl chloride bag containing 0.5% aspirin solution, the bag opening is tightened, small hole with aperture of 4mm is tied at the bottom of the bag, then the bag is moved into planting hole, the hole opening is covered with straw;

④ 50 seedling trees are filled in a polyvinyl chloride bag with root soaking solution, the bag opening is tightened, a small hole with the aperture of 4mm is tied at the bottom of the bag, then the bag is moved into a planting hole, the hole opening is covered by straws, and the root soaking solution is the root soaking solution in the embodiment 3.

And (3) when the root soaking solution in the polyvinyl chloride bags in the 4 groups completely permeates into the planting holes, discarding the bags, carrying out spring planting and field planting on the seedling trees, wherein the row spacing of the field planting is 5.5 meters, the plant spacing is 2.5 meters, carrying out conventional cultivation management on the field-planted seedlings, randomly extracting each group of apple seedling trees after 60 days of planting, and determining the survival rate and the germination rate.

The survival rate is the number of surviving seedlings/the total number of planted seedlings multiplied by 100 percent; the germination rate is the germination number/total bud number of one branch

×100％；

The measurement results are shown in table 1 below:

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the blank group, the control group and the test group have good promotion effect on the rooting and sprouting of the apples by treating the young apple seedlings; compared with a control group, the survival rate and the germination rate of the apple nursery stock are respectively improved by 44% and 36.67% by adopting the root soaking solution of the embodiment 3 of the invention.

Test example 2

Drought-resistant cultivation test

The test site is also arranged in mountain areas of fortunes and villages under Yangtze river town of Zhuang Lang county, Jiang province, Gansu province, 100 annual Hanfu apple seedlings which are healthy and strong and have complete root systems are selected as test objects and planted according to the step ② of the implementation 3, wherein the difference is that (1) backfilling moisturizing soil ⑵ is backfilled with common soil, the soil moisture content in the two treatment groups is 55% at first, the apple seedlings grow for 8 weeks without any watering step in the period, apple seedling leaves are randomly selected from the two treatment groups, and the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the leaves is measured.

The measurement results are shown in Table 2

TABLE 2

Group of	Malondialdehyde (MDA) content
		Backfilling common soil	13.4156mmol/g
Backfill moisture-retaining soil	5.1964mmol/g

As can be seen from the table 2, under the condition of water stress, the backfilled moisturizing soil provided by the invention can be used for storing the water in the planting soil for a long time, so that the growth of apple trees is promoted powerfully, the MDA content of membrane lipid peroxide in apple leaves is reduced, the integrity of cell membranes in the apple leaves is kept well, the cell function of the leaves is maintained, and the good growth state of the apple trees is kept.

Claims

1. A method for introducing and cultivating Hanfu apples in high-altitude mountain areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

① garden construction and seedling treatment, wherein the garden construction and seedling treatment comprises selecting 2857 m gentle slope hillside land with good drainage, deep soil layer and rich organic matter, the slope of leeward and facing the sun is less than 15 degrees, turning the soil, the deep soil turning thickness is 20-30cm, applying 400kg organic manure per mu in combination with deep soil turning, finely leveling the land, digging a planting hole with the diameter of 80-100cm and the depth of 60-80cm, selecting a polyvinyl chloride bag which is free of plant diseases and insect pests, strong and complete in root system and is 40-60 cm high and filled with root-soaking liquid at the root of an annual cold-rich apple seedling, binding the bag mouth, tying a small hole with the aperture of 3-5mm at the bottommost of the bag, then transferring the bag into the planting hole, covering the hole with straw, and the root-soaking liquid comprises 1-3 parts of olive oil, 0.5-2.5 parts of vitamin C, 61.5-3 parts of vitamin B, 0.5-3 parts of aloe extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of mineral leaf extract, 15.5-20.5 parts of dragline active water and 15-20 parts of marine water;

② drought-resistant cultivation of fruit trees, namely, discarding bags when root soaking liquid in the polyvinyl chloride bags in the step ① completely permeates planting holes, performing spring planting and field planting on seedling trees, wherein the row spacing of the field planting is 5-6 meters, the plant spacing is 2-3 meters, 30-40 seedlings are planted per mu, the apple seedlings are transplanted, backfilling moisturizing soil and compacting, wherein the moisturizing soil is prepared by mixing soil of a planting field and salicornia residue according to the proportion of 2:1, and adjusting the water content of the soil to be 50-60% by using moisturizing water, and the moisturizing water comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, 2.5-5.5 parts of low-molecular hyaluronic acid, 3-10 parts of glycerol, 4-8 parts of cactus juice and 30-50 parts of water;

④ fertilizer water management, wherein the top dressing comprises root top dressing and top dressing leaf fertilizer, organic nitrogen fertilizer is top dressing at the sprouting stage of the fruit tree, liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the whole tree body at the expanding stage of the fruit tree, the organic nitrogen fertilizer is top dressing at the disk-hole shape at the sprouting stage of the fruit tree, the organic nitrogen fertilizer is formed by mixing and fermenting livestock and poultry manure, cottonseed hulls, urea, white vegetable residues, bean dregs, donkey bone meal and water according to the weight ratio of 60-80: 40-50: 15-20:20-30:5-10: 30-50: 100-120, the leaf fertilizer is sprayed at the expanding stage of the fruit and comprises the following raw materials by weight, 70-100 parts of biogas slurry, 15-20 parts of bamboo vinegar, 3-5 parts of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1-3 parts of licorice root extract, 2-4 parts of oat kernel protein, 1.5-2.5 parts of chamomile extract and 0.5-1.5 parts of sweet peach seed extract;

⑤ comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests, which is carried out in the whole growth process of apple trees, comprises the steps of before germination, leaf expanding and bagging, wherein the comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out by fully cleaning an orchard before germination of apple trees, spraying 200 times of omphalia extract on the whole trees, spraying 10 times of melia azedarach extract on the whole trees once in the leaf expanding period, and spraying 15% of litsea cubeba leaf extract on the whole trees for 100 times of liquid 2-3 days before bagging.