CN102845233B - Cleft grating method for jatropha curcas seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cleft grating method for jatropha curcas seedlings. The method includes the steps of soil preparation, sowing, nursery stock management, cleft grating time, a cleft grating method, cleft grating post-management and afforestation. The jatropha curcas seedlings cultivated as stock are fast and even in growing, good in a growing way and free of disease and insect pest infection. Germination rate and unbinding survival rate of once cleft grating are as high as 96.5%. When cleft grating is conducted 20 days before germinating of jatropha curcas in spring, blooming rate and yield can reach 80% at the end of June and can reach 100% next year. After the cleft grating technology is adopted for propagation, an initial period of flowering is 2 years earlier than common seedling planting. The method is a good propagation method for good varieties of the jatropha curcas at present.

Description

A kind of young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Jatropha curcas cleft grafting technology, particularly a kind of young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method.

Background technology

Jatropha curcas belongs to Euphorbiaceae Jatropha evergreen or half machaka or dungarunga seeds in Plant Taxonomy.Its general high 1.5-4.0m, reaches as high as 10m.Root system is very flourishing, and trunk and branch are sturdy, more than trunk diameter can reach 20cm.Old dry ash brown, sprig is grayish green to peak green, and branch is smooth, and medulla is flourishing, and the dry heart is soft to hollow.Single leaf alternate, oval, length and width are closely equal, and 3～5 split or do not divide, and base portion is heart-shaped, has yellow green gland to put 2 points, vein 5-7 bar, palmate is arranged, more than petiole reaches 15cm.Flower is unisexual flower, and monoecism is arranged in the poly-loose inflorescence that internal organs is raw or top is raw; Corolla yellow green, 5 pieces of male flowers, female flower is without petal, 3 pieces of styles, ovary 2-3 chamber.Capsule is oval or subsphaeroidal, footpath 1.5-3.0cm, and there is point on top.Seed 2-3 grain, ellipse, black.Florescence, the 9-10 month, fruit was ripe before and after the May of dry season end.Jatropha curcas tree originates in torrid areas, South America, extensively cultivates in torrid areas, the world now.In Taiwan of south China, the provinces and regions such as Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou all have cultivation or semi-wild to distribute.The dry-hot valley below the height above sea level 1600-1800m of basin such as the south in Yunnan Province, the west and south, middle part and Jinsha jiang River, the Lancang River, Nujiang, Red River, Yuanjiang River, by alluviation area, limes marginis field bund, stockaded village, highway and Along Railway etc. are all as seen row band or little bulk is planted.Sometimes also long with mixed intergrowths such as sparse deciduous tree Panzhihua, bigleafbeautyberry root or leaf, mountain jute, Yunnan silk tree, SEMEN OROXYLI, Piao Shu.Jatropha curcas happiness light, happiness are warmed up, but can be drought-resistant, barren-resistant, and adaptive capacity is stronger.So, Yunnan Province's cultivation Jatropha curcas, should be chosen in height above sea level and be no more than the frostless of 1600m or only have the south subtropics of light frost or mountain region or the location, river valley in the torrid zone.For ensureing the benefit that obtains fast-growing, high yield, high-quality, also should select soil layer deeper, liquid manure is abundant, and plants in well-drained red soil to laterite plot.But also can grow preferably at shallow chad soil, skeleton soil, Calcareous Soil.The fruit of Jatropha curcas is plentiful and substantial, and seed is large, and natural regeneration is simultaneously good.Available seed sowing or a bag seedling are afforested, and also the mode such as available branch cutting or cuttage seeding is afforested.Jatropha curcas tree well developed root system, has happiness light habit and fast-growing feature, and during afforestation, seeding row spacing should be dredged not close.

Jatropha curcas bears fruit conventionally for 3 years after planting, and within 5 years, enters the full bearing period, and the picking fruit phase is more than 50 years.It is of many uses, has higher economic worth.It is the primary raw material seeds of obtaining through refining biological environmental production type clean diesel.Its kind of grain oil content is very high, and seed oil content reaches 40.0%, plants benevolence oil content at 50.2%-59.7%.Jatropha curcas oil is applicable to various diesel engines, and in the key technical index such as flash-point, freezing point, sulfur content, CO emission, grain value, approach or be better than diesel oil No. 0, as the world today, generally acknowledged, most possibly become following substitute fossil energy, there are the huge seeds that open potentiality, be called the tree of " helping planet Earth ".In addition, it also has multiple use at aspects such as biological control, ecological, environmental protective, edible and feeding, soapmaking and agricultural, medical treatment and drug developments.But Jatropha curcas planting technology, administrative skill etc. are also in the cultivation of developing stage, particularly improved seeds and promote and be all in the exploratory stage.Therefore, proceed from the reality, develop the cleft grafting technology of suitable Jatropha curcas, effectively promote Jatropha curcas excellent strain, ensure that curcas biological diesel oil industry is quick, developing in a healthy way has great real value.

Summary of the invention

One of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting and Fast Growth.

This and other object of the present invention will be further reflected and elaborated by the following detailed description and explanation.

Young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method of the present invention comprise nursery lot select, whole with the management of fertilising, seed treatment, sowing, tree seedling, management and afforestation step after the acquisition and processing of fringe bar, cleft grafting time, cleft grafting method, cleft grafting, concrete is:

Stock is cultivated

Soil is prepared

Traffic: be the position of nursery lot should be chosen in from planting site close to, traffic is local comparatively easily, reduces cost of transportation and seedling transportation loss as far as possible;

Landform: be that nursery lot should select and is located at that physical features is dry, draining is good, the gradient is no more than the place of 3-5 ° is selected tailo face, illumination is good, sunshine is long location as far as possible.

Soil: be the soil of nursery lot, General Requirements soil layer deep (being at least greater than 40cm), fertility are higher, the loam that short texture, air capacity of soils are good or light earth, sandy loam are advisable.Do not select the heavy loam that is dried, hardens, paddy soil is used for growing seedlings; Said water source is the place that nursery lot should be chosen in sufficient water source, and subterranean water level is lower, general sand ground 1-1.5 rice, and be advisable below in 2.5 meters, sandy loam ground.In a word, should there is water source and without flood, have good irrigation condition.

Whole ground: be that whole landlord will refer to and turns over, rakes the soil level.Total requirement is to level land, suitably deep ploughing, overall ploughing, meticulous raking the soil level, evenly hack, eliminates stone grass roots, its objective is in order to reach improvement soil structure and porosity, regulate soil moisture, nutrient and aeration condition, play the effect of eliminating weeds and damage by disease and insect simultaneously;

Basal dressing: be the fertilizer in being manured into soil before arable land, object is to increase soil fertility, shortens seedling raise period, improves the wooden amount of nursery stock.Place with good conditionsi adopts fertilizer (farmyard manure) to make base manure as far as possible.Fertilizer has interests loosing soil, improves infiltration and water permeability, improves the effect of the physical arrangement of soil.Also can before arable land, every mu use 30 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 20 kilograms of superphosphate, are sprinkling upon on seedbed equably, are also a kind of effective base manure.

Make bed: be nursery lot smooth after, for ease of irrigating and intertillage management, first zoning is carried out in pavement and nursery stock, take pavement as boundary, do on request seedbed.The little seeds of a tung oil tree are grown seedlings and are adopted in principle high bed, and bed surface exceeds 20-30cm than pavement, and the soil of getting on pavement while making bed is overlying on seedbed.High bed can promote soil aeration, increases soil temperature and fertile the thickness of the layer, is conducive to draining.Bed surface width is advisable with 1-1.2m in principle, and seedbed length is depending on plot, but at most surpasses 20m.

Seed selection: be for obtaining the seed of high-quality, high germination rate, should conscientiously choosing seeds.Large seed during small idesia belongs to, can adopt two kinds of modes of selection by winnowing and artificial selecting to carry out, and removes impurity and flat shell, selects bright, smooth, the full seed of color and luster to grow seedlings.

Percentage of seedgermination experiment: before sowing, reply seed carries out germination rate experiment, tests by batch percentage of seedgermination, determines the concrete classification standard of seed, and the every mu of sowing quantity of growing seedlings.

Sowing time: be in order to improve the germination rate of seed, make to come up rapidly, neat.According to the biological property of the little seeds of a tung oil tree, in conjunction with the nearly 2 years experiences of growing seedlings, be best sowing seasons of the little seeds of a tung oil tree the annual the first tenday period of a month in mid-March-July, and early August completes at the latest;

Seeding quantity: be the basis that determines tree seedling rational density, seeding quantity not only with the close relation that grows, and the impact economic benefit of growing seedlings, sowed rare, yield per unit area is low, waste soil fertility, because nursery stock space is large, soil water evaporation amount is large, weeds are easily invaded.Sow overstockedly, seedling standing area is not enough, and undergrowth, affect seedling quality, but also waste seed strengthens thinning workload, therefore only has the suitable seeding quantity of grasp, could cultivate with less expense that output is high, the measured nursery stock of matter.Described seeding quantity is by producing 1.8 ten thousand plants/acre of calculating of the qualified seedling of seedling amount;

Type of seeding: be that punching program request is to sow according to the seeding row spacing of 15cm * 20cm, 2/hole of seeding quantity.The advantage of program request be emerge evenly, nursery stock growing way is good, outplanting rate is high, shortcoming needs man-hour more;

Blinding: earth backing immediately after planting, object is to allow the seed sowed obtain germinateing necessary moisture, temperature.The general 2.5-3cm of earth backing thickness is comparatively suitable;

Water: after planting, for guaranteeing seeding ratio, water in time, can adopt and soak filling, must fill with thoroughly.

The extermination of disease and insect pest: large cricket of seeding stage gnawing the seedling of being just unearthed.The method of control is: every mu is watered 5kg and 0.5kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg with 100g chlorophos crystal and cuts broken common clearweed herb (a local Plants) and puddle.After raking the soil level, arable land spreads once; In seedbed, carry out and spread once; After finishing and water, seed is sprinkled into once.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot.Can kill the large cricket of 95% left and right in nursery;

Irrigate: from coming up to, starting before vigorous growth is early growth period, is generally 20-45 days.This Seedling in Stage grows true leaf and lateral root, and main Root Distribution is in the soil layer of 5-10cm, and the high growth of nursery stock is slow, and this period, high growth was no more than 1/10th of annual amount of growth;

Weeding: available chemical herbicide (selective herbicide), conventional dying with rage uprooted and cover grass energy, and during use, weeds height can not surpass 20cm;

Fertilising: strengthen fertilizing amount, use ternary general composite fertilizer 10kg/ mu, every 15 days once, amounts to 3 times.

Young seedling of Jatropha can carry out cleft grafting the whole year, and be the best cleft grafting time Jatropha curcas germinate first 20 days and September in spring then.

Cleft grafting method

Adopt fringe: in select tree tree crown middle and upper part, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, after collection, remove in time blade and wrap branch with newspaper standby.

Fringe bar is processed: method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out classification binding, in order fringe bar put in water, carry out fresh-keeping.Method two, the good fringe bar of classification is placed on to ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.Then boil blended wax liquid (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40-50 ℃, standby), then the identical fringe bar whole piece of rugosity is put into wax liquid and seal with wax.Pay special attention to fringe bar and can not surpass for 2 seconds in wax.

Stock: select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 2cm to 5cm as stock, grafting part determines according to need of production, and the stock leading thread that cultivate in general nursery, at 2cm to 5cm, is highly 15cm and 20cm.

Saw anvil and split anvil: at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting, being highly overhead that 15cm and 20cm saw remove, then with grafting knife, cleft grafting face is scabbled, in cleft grafting face 1/3rd place's vertical ground directions, with cleft grafting cutter, rive, the degree of depth is 2.5cm to 4cm.

Cut fringe bar: according to the rugosity of stock, select big or small basic identical scion, utilize the long 6-10cm of scion, have 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The both sides of scion lower end bud are splayed into the wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.

Grafting fringe: be large fringe bar for large stock, little stock small ear bar.While connecing, first with a timber wedge, strut and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside and split in mouth, be deep to micro-dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.

Binding: off-the-shelf plastic tape is the multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up real bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, prick tight without the scion application plastic tape of terminal bud) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter grafting mouth.

After cleft grafting, manage

The extermination of disease and insect pest: find in the daytime the cave of large cricket, push hole grave mound aside, splash into several kerosene, then pour water; Or pour in hole with 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, it is climbed out of or die from hole; The 200g chlorophos crystal of every mu of use 90% is watered 5kg and 1kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb or the white leaf of lotus flower is puddled.Within about one week after cleft grafting, be sprinkled into once.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot.Can kill the large cricket adult of 95% left and right in nursery.

Bud picking: after cleft grafting 7 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud growing on stock is erased with hand, continue 2 months.

Solution is tied up: after cleft grafting 30 days with blade vertical ground standardized cutter gently on binding film, with rupture of membranes solution, tie up.

Fertilising: select rainy weather to be sprinkling upon equably on cleft grafting seedbed with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient >=25% after cleft grafting solution is tied up.General each with fertile 10 kilograms every mu, continuous 3 times was last time 20 days with rear the time interval.

Afforestation:

Method of soil preparation: strip soil preparation is mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland.Mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, and its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace etc.More than strip soil preparation width 60cm, belt length is definite according to landform, can not be long, should retain 0.5-1.0m natural vegetation at a certain distance.The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be determined according to nursery stock size.

Time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large area is carried out after rainy season and rainy season.Definite value is 2m * 1m for seeding row spacing, and the specification on the definite value pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm.After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 1-3 month, increase the content of organic matter.Before going back to the pool, with the total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil, mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure.

Valued methods: opening with in whole and cave-shaped whole good planting site, dig cave and plant.The size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling root, and seedling is dry to be wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably (in whole ground process, the degree of depth of control backfill soil), bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, banket and tread again, be finally covered with loosened soil (remove stone, prevent from burning).

Nursery stock is processed: before afforestation, according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock (note: should note the prevention of damage by disease and insect).

Afforest rainy season: in soil, the good waste mountain waste of draining, (rainfall is plentiful, and rotten root phenomenon easily occurs can to test on a small quantity afforestation.Requirement degree of lignification is high especially).

Foster and manage and protect: after afforestation, should loosen the soil in time, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, brush etc. is in conjunction with carrying out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on affecting the highly dense weeds of sapling up-growth, assorted filling outside cave, cut off in time, every year can not be lower than 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year be take weeding as main, can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil.

Treelet management: be mainly to pluck fruit according to little seeds of a tung oil tree plantation object, Second Year after afforestation, should, in conjunction with tending [after young plantation, prune young growth.Unramified trunk should be contracted and be cut from 35cm-40cm, and one-level branch retains 3-5 bar, unnecessary wiping out.Within the 3rd year, at one-level branch, reach 20-25cm, carrying out pinching or reduction, and to long, the excessively prosperous branch of growing, taking controlled pruning, to form comparatively ideal crown.In June, with total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain, topdress.

The advantage of the inventive method: the germination rate of a cleft grafting is conciliate and tied up survival rate up to 96.5%, the young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting in first 20 days of germinateing was planted by the end of June the fruit bearing rate of blooming and was reached 80% spring then, and next year reaches 100%.Under normal climate, cleft grafting survives bud and within 3 months, takes out slightly length up to 50cm.Employing cleft grafting seed is planted to bloom and bears fruit than shifting to an earlier date 2 years with general seedling plantation.That current Jatropha curcas improved seeds expand numerous preferably technical method.

By the following specific examples further illustrate the invention, but embodiment is only for explanation, can not limit the scope of the invention.

Embodiment 1

By step in content of the present invention, undertaken, seedling age is for being 8 months, Jatropha curcas nursery stock leading thread average out to 2.32cm, height average out to 58.3cm, without damage by disease and insect, contaminate, nursery stock growing way is good, and as stock, the solution of a cleft grafting is tied up survival rate and reached 100%, cleft grafting then, transplants then, and the fruit bearing rate of blooming is 80%.

Embodiment 2

Carry out as follows:

Traffic: be the position of nursery lot should be chosen in from planting site close to, traffic is local comparatively easily, reduces cost of transportation and seedling transportation loss as far as possible;

Landform: be that nursery lot should select and is located at that physical features is dry, draining is good, the gradient is no more than the place of 3-5 °.Select the location that tailo face, illumination are good, sunshine is long as far as possible;

Soil: be the soil of nursery lot, General Requirements soil layer deep (being at least greater than 60cm), fertility are higher, the loam that short texture, air capacity of soils are good or light earth, sandy loam are advisable.Do not select the heavy loam that is dried, hardens, paddy soil is used for growing seedlings; Said water source is the place that nursery lot should be chosen in sufficient water source, and subterranean water level is lower, general sand ground 1-1.5 rice, and be advisable below in 2.5 meters, sandy loam ground.In a word, should there is water source and without flood, have good irrigation condition.

Whole ground: mainly refer to and turned over once in ground, ploughing depth is 30cm left and right.Before raking the soil level, also can before arable land, every mu use 30 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, 20 kilograms of superphosphate, are sprinkling upon on seedbed equably, are also a kind of effective base manure.

Make bed: be nursery lot smooth after, for ease of irrigating and intertillage management, first zoning is carried out in pavement and nursery stock, take pavement as boundary, do on request seedbed.The little seeds of a tung oil tree are grown seedlings and are adopted in principle high bed, and bed surface exceeds 15cm than pavement, and the soil of getting on pavement while making bed is overlying on seedbed.High bed can promote soil aeration, increases soil temperature and fertile the thickness of the layer, is conducive to draining.Bed surface width is advisable with 1.1m in principle, and seedbed length is depending on plot, but at most surpasses 20m.

Seed selection: be for obtaining highly purified seed, should conscientiously choosing seeds.Large seed during the little seeds of a tung oil tree belong to, can adopt two kinds of modes of selection by winnowing and artificial selecting to carry out, and removes impurity and flat shell, selects bright, smooth, the full seed of color and luster to grow seedlings.

Percentage of seedgermination experiment: before sowing, reply seed carries out germination rate experiment, tests by batch kind of a germination rate, determines the concrete classification standard of seed, and the every mu of sowing quantity of growing seedlings.

Sowing time: be in order to improve the germination rate of seed, make to come up rapidly, neat.According to the biological property of the little seeds of a tung oil tree, in conjunction with the nearly 2 years experiences of growing seedlings, solar calendar was best sowing seasons of the little seeds of a tung oil tree the first tenday period of a month in mid-March-July, and early August completes at the latest;

Seeding quantity: be the basis that determines tree seedling rational density, seeding quantity not only with the close relation that grows, and the impact economic benefit of growing seedlings, sowed rare, yield per unit area is low, waste soil fertility, because nursery stock space is large, soil water evaporation amount is large, weeds are easily invaded.Sow overstockedly, seedling standing area is not enough, and undergrowth, affect seedling quality, but also waste seed strengthens thinning workload, therefore only has the suitable seeding quantity of grasp, could cultivate with less expense that output is high, the measured nursery stock of matter.By producing 1.8 ten thousand plants/acre of seedling amounts.

Type of seeding: be that program request is to carry out idea sowing according to the seeding row spacing of 15cm * 20cm, 2/hole of seeding quantity.The advantage of program request be emerge evenly, nursery stock growing way is good, outplanting rate is high, shortcoming needs man-hour more;

Blinding: earth backing immediately after planting, object is to allow the seed sowed obtain germinateing necessary moisture, temperature.The general 2cm of earth backing thickness is comparatively suitable;

Water: after planting, for guaranteeing seeding ratio, water in time, can adopt flood irrigation, soak filling, must fill with thoroughly.

The extermination of disease and insect pest: the extermination of disease and insect pest of gnawing of the seedling of being just unearthed is eaten the large cricket of tight keypoint control of seeding stage.The method of control is: every mu is watered 5kg with 100g chlorophos crystal and 0.5kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb and puddle.After raking the soil level, arable land spreads people once; In seedbed, carry out and spread once; After finishing and water, seed is sprinkled into once.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot.Can kill the large cricket of 95% left and right in nursery;

Irrigate: from coming up to, starting before vigorous growth is early growth period, is generally 20-45 days.This Seedling in Stage grows true leaf and lateral root, and main Root Distribution is in the soil layer of 5-10cm, and the high growth of nursery stock is slow, and this period, high growth was no more than 1/10th of annual amount of growth;

Weeding: available chemical herbicide (selective herbicide), conventional dying with rage uprooted and cover grass energy, and during use, weeds height can not surpass 20cm;

Fertilising: strengthen fertilizing amount, use ternary general composite fertilizer 10kg/ mu, every 15 days once, amounts to 3 times.

Young seedling of Jatropha can carry out cleft grafting the whole year, but is the best cleft grafting time in spring and September then.

Cleft grafting method

Adopt fringe: in select tree tree crown middle and upper part, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, after collection, remove in time blade and wrap branch with newspaper standby.

Fringe bar is processed:: fringe bar process, method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out classification binding, in order fringe bar put in water, carry out fresh-keeping.Method two, the good fringe bar of classification is placed on to ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.Then boil blended wax liquid (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40-50 ℃, standby), then the identical fringe bar whole piece of rugosity is put into wax liquid and seal with wax.Pay special attention to fringe bar and can not surpass for 2 seconds in wax.

Stock: select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 1.5cm to 3cm as stock, grafting part determines according to need of production, and the stock leading thread that cultivate in general nursery, at 2cm to 5cm, is highly 10cm;

Saw anvil and split anvil: at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting, overhead, highly for 10cm saw removes, then with grafting knife, cleft grafting face is scabbled, the direction of 1/2nd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with cleft grafting cutter on stock surface, and the degree of depth is 2.5cm.

Cut fringe bar: according to the rugosity of stock, select big or small basic identical scion, utilize the long 6cm of scion, have 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The both sides of scion lower end bud are splayed into the wedge shape bevel that is about 2.5cm, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.

Grafting fringe: be large fringe bar for large stock, little stock small ear bar.While connecing, first with a timber wedge, strut and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside and split in mouth, be deep to micro-dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.

Binding: off-the-shelf plastic tape is the multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up real bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, prick tight without the scion application plastic tape of terminal bud) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter grafting mouth.

After cleft grafting, manage

The extermination of disease and insect pest: find in the daytime the cave of large cricket, push hole grave mound aside, splash into several kerosene, then pour water; Or pour in hole with 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, it is climbed out of or die from hole; The 200g chlorophos crystal of every mu of use 90% is watered 5kg and 1kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb or the white leaf of lotus flower is puddled.Within about one week after cleft grafting, be sprinkled into once.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot.Can kill the large cricket adult of 95% left and right in nursery.

Bud picking: after cleft grafting 7 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud growing on stock is erased, continue 2 months.

Solution is tied up: within 30 days after cleft grafting, with blade, bundling film place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.

Fertilising: select rainy weather to be sprinkling upon equably on cleft grafting seedbed with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient >=25% after cleft grafting solution is tied up.General each with fertile 10 kilograms every mu, continuous 3 times was last time 20 days with rear time.

Afforestation:

Method of soil preparation: strip soil preparation is mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland.Mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, and its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace etc.More than strip soil preparation width 60cm, belt length is definite according to landform, can not be long, should retain 0.5-1.0m natural vegetation at a certain distance.The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be determined according to nursery stock size.

Time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large area is carried out after rainy season and rainy season.Definite value is 2m * 1m for seeding row spacing, and the specification on the definite value pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm.After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 1-3 month, increase the content of organic matter.Before going back to the pool, with the total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil, mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure.

Valued methods: opening with in whole and cave-shaped whole good planting site, dig cave and plant.The size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling root, and seedling is dry to be wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably (in whole ground process, the degree of depth of control backfill soil), bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, banket and tread again, be finally covered with loosened soil (remove stone, prevent from burning).

Nursery stock is processed: before afforestation, according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock (note: should note the prevention of damage by disease and insect).

Afforest rainy season: in soil, the good waste mountain waste of draining, (rainfall is plentiful, and rotten root phenomenon easily occurs can to test on a small quantity afforestation.Requirement degree of lignification is high especially).

Foster and manage and protect: after afforestation, should loosen the soil in time, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, brush etc. is in conjunction with carrying out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on affecting the highly dense weeds of sapling up-growth, assorted filling outside cave, cut off in time, every year can not be lower than 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year be take weeding as main, can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil.

Treelet management: be mainly to pluck fruit according to little seeds of a tung oil tree plantation object, Second Year after afforestation, should, in conjunction with tending [after young plantation, prune young growth.Unramified trunk should be contracted and be cut from 35cm-40cm, and one-level branch retains 3～5, unnecessary wiping out.Within the 3rd year, at one-level branch, reach 20-25cm, carrying out pinching or reduction, and to long, the excessively prosperous branch of growing, taking controlled pruning, to form comparatively ideal crown.In June, with total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain, topdress.

Embodiment 3

Carry out as follows:

Traffic: be the position of nursery lot should be chosen in from planting site close to, traffic is local comparatively easily, reduces cost of transportation and seedling transportation loss as far as possible;

Landform: be that nursery lot should select and is located at that physical features is dry, draining is good, the gradient is no more than the place of 3-5 °.Select the location that tailo face, illumination are good, sunshine is long as far as possible;

Soil: be the soil of nursery lot, General Requirements soil layer deep (being at least greater than 60cm), fertility are higher, the loam that short texture, air capacity of soils are good or light earth, sandy loam are advisable.Do not select the heavy loam that is dried, hardens, paddy soil is used for growing seedlings; Said water source is the place that nursery lot should be chosen in sufficient water source, and subterranean water level is lower, general sand ground 1-1.5 rice, and be advisable below in 2.5 meters, sandy loam ground.In a word, should there is water source and without flood, have good irrigation condition.

20 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium also can every mu be used before raking the soil level in whole ground: mainly refer to and turned over once in ground, ploughing depth is 35cm left and right before arable land, and 20 kilograms of superphosphate, are sprinkling upon on seedbed equably, are also a kind of effective base manure.

Make bed: be nursery lot smooth after, for ease of irrigating and intertillage management, first zoning is carried out in pavement and nursery stock, take pavement as boundary, do on request seedbed.The little seeds of a tung oil tree are grown seedlings and are adopted in principle high bed, and bed surface exceeds 20cm than pavement, and the soil of getting on pavement while making bed is overlying on seedbed.High bed can promote soil aeration, increases soil temperature and fertile the thickness of the layer, is conducive to draining.Bed surface width is advisable with 0.9m in principle, and seedbed length is depending on plot, but at most surpasses 20m.

Seed selection: be for obtaining highly purified seed, should conscientiously choosing seeds.Large seed during the little seeds of a tung oil tree belong to, can adopt selection by winnowing and manually select two kinds of modes to carry out, and removes impurity and flat shell, selects bright, smooth, the full seed of color and luster to grow seedlings.

Percentage of seedgermination experiment: before sowing, reply seed carries out germination rate experiment, tests by batch kind of a germination rate, determines the concrete classification standard of seed, and the every mu of sowing quantity of growing seedlings.

Seeding quantity: be the basis that determines tree seedling rational density, seeding quantity not only with the close relation that grows, and the impact economic benefit of growing seedlings, sowed rare, yield per unit area is low, waste soil fertility, because nursery stock space is large, soil water evaporation amount is large, weeds are easily invaded.Sow overstockedly, seedling standing area is not enough, and undergrowth, affect seedling quality, but also waste seed strengthens thinning workload, therefore only has the suitable seeding quantity of grasp, could cultivate with less expense that output is high, the measured nursery stock of matter.By producing 1.8 ten thousand plants/acre of seedling amounts.

Type of seeding: be that program request is to carry out idea sowing according to the seeding row spacing of 20cm * 20cm, 2/hole of seeding quantity.The advantage of program request be emerge evenly, nursery stock growing way is good, outplanting rate is high, shortcoming needs man-hour more;

Blinding: earth backing immediately after planting, object is to allow the seed sowed obtain germinateing necessary moisture, temperature.The general 2.5cm of earth backing thickness is comparatively suitable;

Water: after planting, for guaranteeing seeding ratio, water in time, can adopt flood irrigation, soak filling, must fill with thoroughly.

The extermination of disease and insect pest: the extermination of disease and insect pest of gnawing of the seedling of being just unearthed is eaten the large cricket of tight keypoint control of seeding stage.The method of control is: every mu is watered 5kg with 100g chlorophos crystal and 0.5kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb and puddle.After raking the soil level, arable land spreads people once; In seedbed, carry out and spread once; After finishing and water, seed is sprinkled into once.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot.Can kill the large cricket of 95% left and right in nursery;

Irrigate: from coming up to, starting before vigorous growth is early growth period, is generally 20-45 days.This Seedling in Stage grows true leaf and lateral root, and main Root Distribution is in the soil layer of 5-10cm, and the high growth of nursery stock is slow, and this period, high growth was no more than 1/10th of annual amount of growth;

Weeding: available chemical herbicide (selective herbicide), conventional dying with rage uprooted and cover grass energy, and during use, weeds height can not surpass 20cm;

Fertilising: strengthen fertilizing amount, use ternary general composite fertilizer 20kg/ mu, every 20 days once, amounts to 3 times.

Young seedling of Jatropha can carry out cleft grafting the whole year, but spring then young seedling of Jatropha germinate first 20 days for the best cleft grafting time.

Cleft grafting method

Adopt fringe: in select tree tree crown middle and upper part, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, after collection, remove in time blade and wrap branch with newspaper standby.

Fringe bar is processed: fringe bar process, method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out classification binding, in order fringe bar put in water, carry out fresh-keeping.Method two, the good fringe bar of classification is placed on to ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.Then boil blended wax liquid (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40-50 ℃, standby), then the identical fringe bar whole piece of rugosity is put into wax liquid and seal with wax.Pay special attention to fringe bar and can not surpass for 2 seconds in wax.

Stock: select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 3.5cm as stock, grafting part determines according to need of production, and the stock leading thread that cultivate in general nursery, at 3.5cm, is highly more than 40cm;

Saw anvil and split anvil: at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting, overhead, highly for 15cm saw removes, then with grafting knife, cleft grafting face is scabbled, the direction of 1/3rd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with cleft grafting cutter on stock surface, and the degree of depth is 3cm.

Cut fringe bar: according to the rugosity of stock, select big or small basic identical scion, utilize the long 6cm of scion, have 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The both sides of scion lower end bud are splayed into the wedge shape bevel that is about 3cm, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.

Grafting fringe: be large fringe bar for large stock, little stock small ear bar.While connecing, first with a timber wedge, strut and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside and split in mouth, be deep to micro-dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.

Binding: off-the-shelf plastic tape is the multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up real bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, prick tight without the scion application plastic tape of terminal bud) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter grafting mouth.

After cleft grafting, manage

The extermination of disease and insect pest: find in the daytime the cave of large cricket, push hole grave mound aside, splash into several kerosene, then pour water; Or pour in hole with 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, it is climbed out of or die from hole; The 200g chlorophos crystal of every mu of use 90% is watered 5kg and 1kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg and cuts broken common clearweed herb or the white leaf of lotus flower and puddle after cleft grafting is watered and be sprinkled into once.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot.Can kill the large cricket adult of 95% left and right in nursery.

Bud picking: after cleft grafting 15 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud growing on stock is erased, continue 2 months.

Solution is tied up: within 30 days after cleft grafting, with blade, bundling film place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.

Fertilising: select rainy weather to be sprinkling upon equably on cleft grafting seedbed with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient >=25% after cleft grafting solution is tied up.General each with fertile 15 kilograms every mu, continuous 3 times was last time 25 days with rear time.

Afforestation:

Method of soil preparation: strip soil preparation is mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland.Mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, and its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace etc.More than strip soil preparation width 60cm, belt length is definite according to landform, can not be long, should retain 0.5-1.0m natural vegetation at a certain distance.The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be determined according to nursery stock size.

Time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large area is carried out after rainy season and rainy season.Definite value is 2m * 2m for seeding row spacing, and the specification on the definite value pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm.After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 1-3 month, increase the content of organic matter.Before going back to the pool, with the total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil, mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure.

Valued methods: opening with in whole and cave-shaped whole good planting site, dig cave and plant.The size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling root, and seedling is dry to be wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably (in whole ground process, the degree of depth of control backfill soil), bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, banket and tread again, be finally covered with loosened soil (remove stone, prevent from burning).

Nursery stock is processed: before afforestation, according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock (note: should note the prevention of damage by disease and insect).

Afforest rainy season: in soil, the good waste mountain waste of draining, (rainfall is plentiful, and rotten root phenomenon easily occurs can to test on a small quantity afforestation.Requirement degree of lignification is high especially).

Foster and manage and protect: after afforestation, should loosen the soil in time, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, brush etc. is in conjunction with carrying out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on affecting the highly dense weeds of sapling up-growth, assorted filling outside cave, cut off in time, every year can not be lower than 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year be take weeding as main, can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil.

Treelet management: be mainly to pluck fruit according to little seeds of a tung oil tree plantation object, Second Year after afforestation, should, in conjunction with tending [after young plantation, prune young growth.Unramified trunk should be contracted and be cut from 35cm-40cm, and one-level branch retains 3-5 bar, unnecessary wiping out.Within the 3rd year, at one-level branch, reach 20-25cm, carrying out pinching or reduction, and to long, the excessively prosperous branch of growing, taking controlled pruning, to form comparatively ideal crown.In June, with total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain, topdress.

Embodiment 4

Carry out as follows:

Traffic: be the position of nursery lot should be chosen in from planting site close to, traffic is local comparatively easily, reduces cost of transportation and seedling transportation loss as far as possible;

Landform: be that nursery lot should select and is located at that physical features is dry, draining is good, the gradient is no more than the place of 3-5 °.Select the location that tailo face, illumination are good, sunshine is long as far as possible;

Soil: be the soil of nursery lot, General Requirements soil layer deep (being at least greater than 60cm), fertility are higher, the loam that short texture, air capacity of soils are good or light earth, sandy loam are advisable.Do not select the heavy loam that is dried, hardens, paddy soil is used for growing seedlings; Said water source is the place that nursery lot should be chosen in sufficient water source, and subterranean water level is lower, general sand ground 1-1.5 rice, and be advisable below in 2.5 meters, sandy loam ground.In a word, should there is water source and without flood, have good irrigation condition.

40 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium also can every mu be used before raking the soil level in whole ground: mainly refer to and turned over once in ground, ploughing depth is 40cm left and right before arable land, and 40 kilograms of superphosphate, are sprinkling upon on seedbed equably, are also a kind of effective base manure.

Make bed: be nursery lot smooth after, for ease of irrigating and intertillage management, first zoning is carried out in pavement and nursery stock, take pavement as boundary, do on request seedbed.The little seeds of a tung oil tree are grown seedlings and are adopted in principle high bed, and bed surface exceeds 20cm than pavement, and the soil of getting on pavement while making bed is overlying on seedbed.High bed can promote soil aeration, increases soil temperature and fertile the thickness of the layer, is conducive to draining.Bed surface width is advisable with 1.2m in principle, and seedbed length is depending on plot, but at most surpasses 20m.

Seed selection: be for obtaining highly purified seed, should conscientiously choosing seeds.Large seed during the little seeds of a tung oil tree belong to, can adopt selection by winnowing and manually select two kinds of modes to carry out, and removes impurity and flat shell, selects bright, smooth, the full seed of color and luster to grow seedlings.

Percentage of seedgermination experiment: before sowing, reply seed carries out germination rate experiment, tests by batch kind of a germination rate, determines the concrete classification standard of seed, and the every mu of sowing quantity of growing seedlings.

Sowing time: be in order to improve the germination rate of seed, make to come up rapidly, neat.According to the biological property of the little seeds of a tung oil tree, in conjunction with the experience of growing seedlings for many years, solar calendar is best sowing seasons of the little seeds of a tung oil tree the first tenday period of a month in mid-March-July, and early August completes at the latest;

Seeding quantity: be the basis that determines tree seedling rational density, seeding quantity not only with the close relation that grows, and the impact economic benefit of growing seedlings, sowed rare, yield per unit area is low, waste soil fertility, because nursery stock space is large, soil water evaporation amount is large, weeds are easily invaded.Sow overstockedly, seedling standing area is not enough, and undergrowth, affect seedling quality, but also waste seed strengthens thinning workload, therefore only has the suitable seeding quantity of grasp, could cultivate with less expense that output is high, the measured nursery stock of matter.By producing 1.3 ten thousand plants/acre of seedling amounts

Type of seeding: be that program request is to carry out idea sowing according to the seeding row spacing of 20cm * 30cm, 2/hole of seeding quantity.The advantage of program request be emerge evenly, nursery stock growing way is good, outplanting rate is high, shortcoming needs man-hour more;

Blinding: earth backing immediately after planting, object is to allow the seed sowed obtain germinateing necessary moisture, temperature.The general 2.5cm of earth backing thickness is comparatively suitable.

Water: after planting, for guaranteeing seeding ratio, water in time, can adopt flood irrigation, soak filling, must fill with thoroughly.

The extermination of disease and insect pest: the extermination of disease and insect pest of gnawing of the seedling of being just unearthed is eaten the large cricket of tight keypoint control of seeding stage.The method of control is: every mu is watered 5kg with 100g chlorophos crystal and 0.5kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb and puddle.After raking the soil level, arable land spreads people once; In seedbed, carry out and spread once; After finishing and water, seed is sprinkled into once.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot.Can kill the large cricket of 95% left and right in nursery.

Irrigate: from coming up to, starting before vigorous growth is early growth period, is generally 20-45 days.

Weeding: available chemical herbicide (selective herbicide), conventional dying with rage uprooted and cover grass energy, and during use, weeds height can not surpass 20cm.

Fertilising: strengthen fertilizing amount, use ternary general composite fertilizer 10kg/ mu, every 20 days once, amounts to 3 times.

Young seedling of Jatropha can carry out cleft grafting the whole year, but is the best cleft grafting time in spring and September then.

Cleft grafting method

Adopt fringe: in select tree tree crown middle and upper part, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, after collection, remove in time blade and wrap branch with newspaper standby.

Fringe bar is processed:: fringe bar process, method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, connect a fringe bar and block according to 30cm is long, rugosity identical carry out classification binding, in order fringe bar put in water, carry out fresh-keeping.Method two, the good fringe bar of classification is placed on to ventilation frescade carries out loss of water, general 24 hours.Then boil blended wax liquid (paraffin with 60% and 40% red wax mix enduring, and treat that temperature drops to 40-50 ℃, standby), then the identical fringe bar whole piece of rugosity is put into wax liquid and seal with wax.Pay special attention to fringe bar and can not surpass for 2 seconds in wax.

Stock: select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 4cm as stock, grafting part determines according to need of production, and the stock leading thread that cultivate in general nursery, at 4cm, is highly more than 60cm;

Saw anvil and split anvil: at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting, overhead, highly for 20cm saw removes, then with grafting knife, cleft grafting face is scabbled, the direction of 1/4th place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with cleft grafting cutter on stock surface, and the degree of depth is 4cm.

Cut fringe bar: according to the rugosity of stock, select big or small basic identical scion, utilize the long 6cm of scion, have 1-2 full bud to be advisable.The both sides of scion lower end bud are splayed into the wedge shape bevel that is about 4cm, one side make the slightly thick of bud, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape.

Grafting fringe: be large fringe bar for large stock, little stock small ear bar.While connecing, first with a timber wedge, strut and split mouth, the scion webbing of cutting is inserted outside and split in mouth, be deep to micro-dew bevel upper end.Attention must make the formation layer alignment of scion and stock join, and then extracts timber wedge.

Binding: off-the-shelf plastic tape is the multiple good otch of watt shape bondage (must tie up real bundle sternly, can not breathe freely, prick tight without the scion application plastic tape of terminal bud) from the bottom up.Should notice that rainwater, foreign material enter grafting mouth.

After cleft grafting, manage

The extermination of disease and insect pest: find in the daytime the cave of large cricket, push hole grave mound aside, splash into several kerosene, then pour water; Or pour in hole with 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, it is climbed out of or die from hole; The 200g chlorophos crystal of every mu of use 90% is watered 5kg and 1kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb or the white leaf of lotus flower is puddled.In cleft grafting after one week.Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot.Can kill the large cricket adult of 95% left and right in nursery.

Bud picking: after cleft grafting 15 days, in order to improve the survival rate of cleft grafting, the bud growing on stock is erased with hand, continue 2 months.

Solution is tied up: within 30 days after cleft grafting, with blade, bundling film place vertical ground standardized cutter gently.

Fertilising: select rainy weather to be sprinkling upon equably on cleft grafting seedbed with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient >=25% after cleft grafting solution is tied up.General each with fertile 15 kilograms every mu, continuous 3 times was last time 25 days with rear time.

Afforestation:

Method of soil preparation: strip soil preparation is mountain region, the important method of soil preparation in hills and area, grassland.Mountain and hill strip soil preparation will be carried out along contour, and its form has horizontal rank, level trough, reversed terrace etc.More than strip soil preparation width 60cm, belt length is definite according to landform, can not be long, should retain 0.5-1.0m natural vegetation at a certain distance.The little seeds of a tung oil tree woods afforestation and soil preparation degree of depth should be greater than 40cm, and the depth of soil preparation of physical features flat country can specifically be determined according to nursery stock size.

Time of site preparation: whole ground can carry out the whole year, and generally large area is carried out after rainy season and rainy season.Definite value is 2m * 3m for seeding row spacing, and the specification on the definite value pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm.After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 1-3 month, increase the content of organic matter.Before going back to the pool, with the total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil, mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure.

Valued methods: opening with in whole and cave-shaped whole good planting site, dig cave and plant.The size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling root, and seedling is dry to be wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, the depth is wanted suitably (in whole ground process, the degree of depth of control backfill soil), bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, banket and tread again, be finally covered with loosened soil (remove stone, prevent from burning).

Nursery stock is processed: before afforestation, according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in the processing such as mud; Also can adopt the new technologies such as rooting promoter, transpiration inhibitor and mycorhiza preparation to process nursery stock (note: should note the prevention of damage by disease and insect).

Afforest rainy season: in soil, the good waste mountain waste of draining, (rainfall is plentiful, and rotten root phenomenon easily occurs can to test on a small quantity afforestation.Requirement degree of lignification is high especially).

Foster and manage and protect: after afforestation, should loosen the soil in time, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, brush etc. is in conjunction with carrying out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on affecting the highly dense weeds of sapling up-growth, assorted filling outside cave, cut off in time, every year can not be lower than 1 time.The area of freeze injury may occur winter, and First Year be take weeding as main, can suitably reduce the number of times that loosens the soil.

Treelet management: be mainly to pluck fruit according to little seeds of a tung oil tree plantation object, Second Year after afforestation, should, in conjunction with tending [after young plantation, prune young growth.Unramified trunk should be contracted and be cut from 35cm-40cm, and one-level branch retains 3-5 bar, unnecessary wiping out.Within the 3rd year, at one-level branch, reach 20-25cm, carrying out pinching or reduction, and to long, the excessively prosperous branch of growing, taking controlled pruning, to form comparatively ideal crown.In June, with total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 200g/ strain, topdress.

Claims (6)

1. a young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method, it is characterized in that comprising that nursery lot is selected, management and afforestation step after the management of whole and fertilising, seed treatment, sowing, tree seedling, cleft grafting time, cleft grafting method, cleft grafting, wherein said nursery lot is selected to be comprised of traffic, landform, soil and water source step, and that described traffic is that the position of nursery lot should be chosen in is near from planting site, traffic place comparatively easily; Described landform is that nursery lot choosing is located at that physical features is dry, draining is good, and tailo face, illumination is good, sunshine is long location are selected in the place that the gradient is 3-5 °; Described soil is the soil of nursery lot, requires the deep 40cm of being greater than of soil layer, fertility higher, short texture, the good loam of air capacity of soils; Said water source is the place that nursery lot is chosen in sufficient water source, and subterranean water level is lower, has good irrigation condition; Described cleft grafting method by adopting, process, saw anvil and split anvil, cut fringe bar by fringe bar, fringe bar, grafting fringe and binding step form, described adopt fringe be in select tree tree crown middle and upper part, gather annual lignification or semi-lignified, eye full, without damage by disease and insect Jatropha curcas branch, after collection, remove in time blade and wrap branch with newspaper standby; Described fringe bar is processed the fringe bar of adopting back is processed, method one: be badly in need of the fringe bar that cleft grafting is used, directly fringe bar grown and blocked according to 30cm, rugosity identical carry out classification binding, in order fringe bar put in water, carry out fresh-keeping; Method two, the identical fringe bar of rugosity is sealed with wax, red the enduring of wax mixing match with the paraffin of 6 one-tenth with 4 one-tenth, treats that temperature drops to 40-50 ℃, carries out sealing wax; The good fringe bar of classification is placed on to ventilation frescade and carries out loss of water 24 hours; When sealing wax, to pay special attention to fringe bar and can not surpass for 2 seconds in wax, direction must operate by left and right directions; The stock of described cleft grafting is to select the little seeds of a tung oil tree tree of leading thread 2cm to 5cm as stock, and grafting part determines according to need of production, and the stock leading thread that cultivate in nursery, at 2cm to 5cm, is highly more than 40cm; Described saw anvil is at the stock of choosing as cleft grafting with splitting anvil, overhead highly for sawing, removing 10cm-20cm, then with grafting knife, cleft grafting face is scabbled, on stock surface, the direction of 1/3rd place's cleft grafting face vertical grounds is rived with cleft grafting cutter, and the degree of depth is 2.5cm to 4cm; The described fringe bar of cutting is to select big or small identical scion according to the rugosity of stock, utilizes the long 6-10cm of scion, has 1-2 full buds, by the splay wedge shape bevel of growth 3cm of the both sides of scion lower end bud, make one side of bud slightly thick, another side is slightly thin, requires to cut mouth and is smoothed to inclined to one side wedge shape; Described grafting fringe is large fringe bar for large stock, and little stock small ear bar, first struts and split mouth with a timber wedge while connecing, and the scion of cutting is inserted and split in mouth, is deep to micro-dew bevel upper end, and scion has one side formation layer to align with stock junction; The off-the-shelf plastic tape multiple good otch of watt shape bondage from the bottom up for described binding, must tie up and prick sternly in fact, can not breathe freely, and without the scion application plastic tape of terminal bud, pricks sternly; After described cleft grafting, management process comprises that the extermination of disease and insect pest, bud picking, solution tie up and topdress; The extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out after cleft grafting: find in the daytime the cave of large cricket, push hole grave mound aside, splash into several kerosene, then pour water; Or pour in hole with 1000 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, it is climbed out of or die from hole; The 200g chlorophos crystal of every mu of use 90% is watered 5kg and 1kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb or the white leaf of lotus flower is puddled, and after watering, is sprinkled into once, spreads pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot; Described bud picking is after cleft grafting 7 days, and the bud growing on stock is touched and removed, and continues 2 months; It is with blade, to bundle rupture of membranes place vertical ground standardized cutter gently in 30 days after cleft grafting that described solution is tied up; Described topdressing is with the three element compound fertilizer of total nutrient >=25%, to select rainy weather to be sprinkling upon equably on cleft grafting seedbed after cleft grafting solution is tied up, and each with fertile 10 kilograms every mu, continuous 3 times was last time 20 days with the rear minor tick time.

2. young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described wholely with fertilising by whole ground, basal dressing, form as bed; Described referring to turned over, raked the soil level and bell-shaped percussion instrument, used in ancient time by troops on march pressure wholely, and comprise and leveling land, suitably deep ploughing, overall ploughing, meticulous raking the soil level, evenly hack, eliminates stone grass roots; Described basal dressing is the fertilizer in being manured into soil before arable land, before arable land, every mu uses 30 kilograms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and 20 kilograms of superphosphate, are sprinkling upon on seedbed equably; Described work bed be nursery lot smooth after, first zoning is carried out in pavement and nursery stock, take pavement as boundary, do on request seedbed; The little seeds of a tung oil tree are grown seedlings and are adopted high bed, and bed surface exceeds 20-30cm than pavement, and the soil of getting on pavement while making bed is overlying on seedbed, and bed surface width is 1-1.2m, and seedbed length is depending on plot, but at most over 20m.

3. young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described seed treatment is comprised of seed selection, percentage of seedgermination experiment, described seed selection adopts selection by winnowing and manually selects two kinds of modes to carry out, remove impurity and flat shell, select bright, smooth, the full seed of color and luster to grow seedlings; Described percentage of seedgermination experiment, before sowing, reply seed carries out germination rate experiment, by batch kind of a germination rate, tests, and determines the concrete classification standard of seed, and the every mu of sowing quantity of growing seedlings.

4. young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described sowing by sowing time, seeding quantity, type of seeding, blinding and waters forming, and the described sowing time is the first tenday period of a month in mid-March-July; Described seeding quantity is by producing 1.8 ten thousand plants/acre of calculating of the qualified seedling of seedling amount; Described type of seeding is that punching program request is to sow according to the seeding row spacing of 15cm * 20cm, 2/hole of seeding quantity; Described blinding is earthing immediately after planting, thickness of earth covering 2.5-3cm; Described waters after planting, for guaranteeing seeding ratio, water in time, adopts and soaks filling, must fill with thoroughly.

5. young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method according to claim 1, the management that it is characterized in that described tree seedling is by the extermination of disease and insect pest, irrigation, weeding and topdress and form; The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the large cricket of seeding stage keypoint control; The method of control is: every mu is watered 5kg with 100g chlorophos crystal and 0.5kg brown sugar, 10kg rice bran, 10kg cut broken common clearweed herb and puddle, and spreads once after raking the soil level in arable land, in seedbed, carries out and spreads once, after seed finishes and waters, is sprinkled into once; Spread pesticides the time: before darkness, be sprinkled in plot; Described irrigation is to pour water at this section early growth period of 20-45 days coming up to before starting vigorous growth in good time; Described weeding is with chemical herbicide, and conventional dying with rage uprooted and cover grass energy, and during use, weeds height can not surpass 25cm, when grass cutting blade occurs 3-5, uses; Described topdressing is to strengthen fertilizing amount, uses ternary general composite fertilizer 10kg/ mu, and every 15 days once, amounts to 3 times.

6. young seedling of Jatropha cleft grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described afforestation is managed and protected by afforesting in method of soil preparation, time of site preparation, field planting method, nursery stock processing, rainy season, fostering, treelet management process forms; Described time of site preparation: whole ground carries out the whole year, and large area is carried out after rainy season and rainy season, and field planting is 2m * 2m for seeding row spacing, and the specification on the field planting pool is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm; After digging the pool and finishing, make that soil is exposed to the sun, slaking 1-3 months; Before going back to the pool, with the total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer 300g/ pool and soil, mix thoroughly back in the pool as base manure; Described field planting method: in whole complete planting site, dig cave and plant, the size in cave and the degree of depth should be greater than seedling root, seedling is dry to be wanted vertically, and root system will be unfolded, and the depth is wanted suitably, bankets to carry seedling after half and tread, then bankets and tread, and is finally covered with loosened soil; Described nursery stock is processed: before afforestation, according to land occupation condition and soil moisture content, nursery stock is carried out top clipping, cutting strunk, root relief, pruning, leaf-cutting, bud picking, shoot root immersion, dips in mud conditioning; Afforest described rainy season: in soil, the good waste mountain waste of draining, and a small amount of test afforestation; Described fostering managed and protected: after afforestation, should loosen the soil in time, weeding, with put a lodged plant upright, brush is combined and carries out, accomplish except early, except little, except, on affecting the highly dense weeds of sapling up-growth, assorted filling outside cave, to cut off in time, every year can not be lower than 1 time, First Year be take weeding as main, suitably reduces the number of times that loosens the soil; Described treelet management: be mainly to pluck fruit according to little seeds of a tung oil tree plantation object, Second Year after afforestation, should prune young growth in conjunction with tending [after young plantation, and unramified trunk should be contracted and be cut from 40cm, and one-level branch retains 3-5, unnecessary wiping out; Within the 3rd year, at one-level branch, reach 20-25cm, carry out again pinching or reduction, and to long, the excessively prosperous branch of growing, take controlled pruning, to form comparatively ideal crownly, in June, with the 200g/ strain of total nutrient >=25% three element compound fertilizer and micro-boron fertilizer 25g/ strain, evenly mix and topdress.