CN101057558A - Asexual reproduction method for elaeagnus mollis - Google Patents
Asexual reproduction method for elaeagnus mollis Download PDFInfo
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- CN101057558A CN101057558A CN 200710062018 CN200710062018A CN101057558A CN 101057558 A CN101057558 A CN 101057558A CN 200710062018 CN200710062018 CN 200710062018 CN 200710062018 A CN200710062018 A CN 200710062018A CN 101057558 A CN101057558 A CN 101057558A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant breeding field, which in detail relates to a method of elaeagnus mollis asexual propagation, comprising following steps: building seed bed; collecting ear from parent tree; cutting collected ear in medium on the bed; spraying water on leaves of elaeagnus mollis, the water temperature is 20-30 Deg. C; fertilizing on leaves until ear grows out root. The invention employs technology of asexual propagation to breed more seedling in short time, moderates seedling bed's temperature and humidity to keep physiological balance for cottage ear, disinfects ear and treats it with plant growth hormone to provide bios and nutrition for ear rooting, and treats parent tree to promote formation and growth of adventitious root. It solves problems of difficult rooting of callus and low seedling rate. The invention is characterized by simple and fast propagation technique, low cost and high propagation rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant propagation technical field, be specially a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method.
Background technology
Elaeagnus mollis belongs to Chinese Second Class Key Protected Plant; be in Critical Condition; its survival and reproduction present situation and reason in imminent danger are as follows: elaeagnus mollis (Elaeagnus mollos.Diels) belongs to Elaeangnaceae; Elaeagnus; it only is distributed in south, Shanxi Province and Hu County, Shaanxi; be China's endemic tree, be listed in first secondary of country the eighties in last century and lay special stress on protecting plant.Elaeagnus mollis originates from ancient period in the Tertiary Period, it is one of Relict Plant after the existing quaternary glacier effect, Giraldi by France found first on mountain, labor valley, Hu County, Shaanxi in 1899, Diels by Germany named in 1905, elaeagnus mollis is only century-old so far from finding, but, its research is extensively paid attention in view of its important scientific value and economic implications.Elaeagnus mollis is a kind of rare, good woody oleiferous plants plant of preciousness, and just at present result of study is seen, elaeagnus mollis is cold-resistant because of it, drought resisting, impoverishment tolerant, well developed root system, nitrogen fixation is strong, and tree crown is big, and the florescence early, it is desirable nectar source in early spring, thereby the plantation of suitable mountain area large tracts of land, be planting trees on barren hills, conserve water and soil, the pioneer tree species of improving the soil has important effect to the improvement of loess plateau and even whole Huanghe valley ecotope.And samara kind benevolence oil content is 21%, contain oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid etc. in the oil up to 81% unsaturated lipid acid-proof and abundant vitamin E, amino acid and trace element, it is a kind of grease that has high commodity and health care to be worth, in like product, has irreplaceable multi-biological active function advantage, being praised highly by the international academic community authoritative sources is the pure natural use health products of 21 century preciousness
The elaeagnus mollis drought resisting is cold-resistant, less demanding to soil condition, adaptability is strong, but quantity on hand is limited, wild about 2,000,000 strains, only 1.36 ten thousand mu of manual inseminatings, and distribution is narrower, for 110 ° 36 '-111 ° 56 in east footpath ', 34 ° 52 '-36 ° 05 of north latitude ', height above sea level is the zone of transition of Jin Nan basin to basin Zhou Shan between 780-1400m.Cause its reason in imminent danger that 2 points are arranged at present: 1, the percentage of seedgermination of elaeagnus mollis is low, and the life-span is short, sprouts difficulty under the natural conditions, has greatly limited its procreation and has upgraded and expansion; 2, the producing region masses understand not enough, artificial felling to the meaning of elaeagnus mollis survival and development and destroy suitable seriously, make its stock number be the trend of minimizing.
The propagation technique of general general plant has two kinds both at home and abroad at present, be sexual propagation (seed seedling-raising) and vegetative propagation (cuttage and seedling culture, root evil are bred, spray is grown seedlings and tissue culture), and elaeagnus mollis still finds no people's research abroad so far, last century, the seventies adopted seed seedling-raising method more at home, after direct seeding and seedling raising of seed in autumn or autumn mixing the lamination processing with seed (1: 3) with wet sand, sowing in 1 year spring.The percentage of seedgermination of said method is very low, its main cause contains the material that suppresses seed sprouting in samara shell and keratin kind skin, the more important thing is hard shell and the powerful mechanical resistance of keratin kind skin, make the seed absorption speed very slow, even seed is soaked a week, the flintiness of its seed kind skin still loses and weakens, peel its kind skin off, its embryo is the same with the embryo that does not soak seed, the low basic reason of seed seedling-raising germination rate that Here it is had both been wasted seed, had strengthened investment again, it is quick to adapt to elaeagnus mollis at all, efficiently, the needs of simple and easy forest culture and management, its emergence rate is also lower simultaneously, and prior art in type of seeding more adopts the flat planting mode, because elaeagnus mollis belongs to the dicotyledon seed of unforced dormancy, not only sowing is shallow, and to come breaking dormancy by alternate freezing and thawing, run into the more time of precipitation in winter like this, Shang Nengyou part seed sprouting, but in most of times,, seed is annihilated less than enough moisture owing to absorbing; And prior art is aspect vegetative propagation, owing to lack endogenous hormones, is difficult to produce new root when carrying out epicormic branch cuttage, and reproduction rate is lower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for the propagation method that solves existing elaeagnus mollis and adopt exist seed seedling-raising germination rate and emergence rate lower, wasted seed, strengthened investment again, when carrying out epicormic branch cuttage simultaneously owing to lack endogenous hormones, be difficult to produce problems such as new root, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method is provided.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method may further comprise the steps: (1) builds the seedbed, and the bottom, seedbed is laid 10-15cm stone, 8-12cm slag and 10-20cm river sand from down to up successively; (2) on close elite stand, gather the fringe bar, select living then sturdy branch or root system sprout tillers on the earsh body base portion trunk; (3) with the fringe bar cuttage of gathering in the matrix in seedbed; (4) compartment of terrain sprays water for the blade of elaeagnus mollis after the cuttage, and the temperature that keeps matrix in the seedbed simultaneously is at 20-30 ℃; (5) after callus forms, begin to carry out foliar application, to take root until the fringe bar, the end of growing seedlings continues nursery stock transplanting and dense planting to cultivate in the soil that is adapted at last.
In order further to improve the survival rate of elaeagnus mollis, move into after described fringe bar is taken root and continue in the light matrix container that is fit to this seeds growing environment to cultivate, light matrix is to be mixed by soil, river sand and the fertilizer ratio with 2: 1: 2, and with the sterilization of 0.4% potassium permanganate, cultivate after 10-15 days nursery stock is transplanted to matrix and continue cultivation in the soil that is adapted to.
Add perlite, vermiculite in the river sand in the described seedbed, these two kinds of material heat-insulating properties are better, can effectively keep the temperature in the seedbed, satisfy the growth needs of spray.
Some harmful components in soil impact seedling growth, and described seedbed uses 0.4% potassium permanganate to nursery bed disinfection respectively in cuttage the last week and the previous day.
Because not all elaeagnus mollis kind can both produce adventive root well, usually, cross tender branch and do not possess root initial body and perishable and influence survival rate, though too lignified branch possesses the power of taking root is arranged, growth is poor but root is few, be preferably in elaeagnus mollis eugonic late May to late June so gather the time of fringe bar, and be chosen in branch water content more morning, the fringe bar is cut into 10-15cm length, keep 1-2 sheet leaf, utilize the branch of band leaf can self synthesize the nutriment and the material of taking root, last clip is cut into the plane, with sealing with wax, reduce the loss of moisture in cuttage for the previous period, following clip is cut into the shape of a hoof to increase the callus area.
In order further to improve the rooting rate of fringe bar, the present invention will carry out disinfection to the fringe bar that shears before cuttage and auxin is handled, specific practice is doubly to soak half an hour with 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times or 50% carbendazim 500-800 earlier, soaked 1-2 minute with the mixed solution of 800 times indolebutyric acid and heteroauxin again or with 1000 times ABT1 rooting powder solution immersion 1 hour, make the fringe bar produce endogenous hormones, be convenient to take root, above-mentioned used medicament is existing known products, is easy to obtain.
Preferably be chosen in morning during described fringe bar cuttage during 6-9 or at dusk during 6-8 or the cloudy day, and can grasp the cuttage degree of depth according to the length of fringe bar, the cuttage degree of depth is 3-5cm usually.
In order to improve the plugged ear quality, close elite stand is carried out girdling, plays processing such as item, defloration bud gathering fringe bar first half of the month, this is that those of ordinary skill in the art is known, or to the spray leaf fertilizer of collection fringe bar, carry out replenishing of nutriment and trace element, this all is in order to improve the content of the material of taking root in the plugged ear, the material that minimizing or removing obstruction are taken root, strengthen merismatic activity, for the formation of adventive root creates conditions.
Compared with prior art, the present invention utilizes vegetative propagation technique, it is the elaeagnus mollis Cultivation Techniques of Softwood Cutting, it is to utilize the new branch clip plugged ear of giving birth to then, not only fringe bar quantity is many, and utilize the branch of band leaf can self synthesize the nutriment and the material of taking root, so, can breed more breeding nursery stock in a short time than easier the taking root of hard branch.In seedling raising process, carry out intermittent spraying, for the fringe bar provides moisture, regulate seedling bed temperature and humidity, keep the plugged ear physiological equilibrium, make blade can fully carry out photosynthesis, and before the cuttage fringe bar that shears is carried out disinfection and the auxin processing, for cuttage rooting provides required growth hormone and nutriment, before the cuttage simultaneously close elite stand is carried out technical finesse, thereby promote the formation and the growth of plugged ear adventive root greatly, efficiently solve the problem that it is difficult that callus is taken root.Propagation technique of the present invention is easy to be quick, with low cost, and the reproduction rate height improves the cultivated area of elaeagnus mollis greatly, has certain economic benefits and social benefit.
Embodiment
Below be specific implementation process of the present invention:
A kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method may further comprise the steps:
1, build the seedbed: the matrix of slotting machine is the key factor that influences cuttage survival rate, and matrix must venting and water permeable.Build high about 40cm seedbed with brick, wide 2.5m, length is fixed on demand, bed end shop 10-15cm stone, middle shop 8-12cm slag, shop 10-20cm river sand above, lay spray pipe between the seedbed, bed is divided into osculum, can add the perlite, vermiculite of some good heat preservation performance etc. in the river sand.Last week of cuttage and the previous day use 0.4% potassium permanganate to nursery bed disinfection respectively.
2, the preparation of cuttage and cuttage:
2.1 selection of close elite stand and processing: select to give birth to sturdy branch or root system sprout tillers then on the earsh body base portion trunk, close elite stand is carried out girdling, plays processing such as item, defloration bud gathering fringe bar first half of the month, or to the spray leaf fertilizer of collection fringe bar;
2.2 the collection of fringe bar and processing: adopt the bar selection of time elaeagnus mollis eugonic late May to late June, preferably in branch water content more morning.Branch under adopting should be placed on shady and cool place, and the plastic sack of packing into is wrapped, in order to avoid dehydration.Punching is breathed required oxygen to guarantee leaf on the plastic sack, should select shady and cool place when cutting fringe, and noting sprays water on branch preserves moisture, and shortens as far as possible and adopt bar and cutting time.It is long that plugged ear is cut into 10-15cm, stays 1-2 sheet leaf, and last clip is cut into the plane, with sealing with wax, reduces the consumption of moisture, and following clip is cut into the shape of a hoof to increase the callus area.Fringe bar 50 strains 1 bundle that shears, so that sterilization and HORMONE TREATMENT, specific practice be earlier with 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 doubly or 50% carbendazim 500-800 doubly soak half an hour, again with mixed solution immersion 1-2 minute of 800 times indolebutyric acid and heteroauxin or with 1000 times ABT1 rooting powder solution immersion 1 hour.
2.3 cuttage: preferably be chosen in morning during the cuttage of fringe bar during 6-9 or at dusk during 6-8 or the cloudy day, and can grasp the cuttage degree of depth according to the length of fringe bar, the cuttage degree of depth is 3-5cm usually.Conveniently with the base portion compacting, matrix is closely contacted mutually with the fringe bar after the cuttage.Will notice in the cuttage process that seeding row spacing is not overlapped with blade to be prerequisite with inserting with spraying, adopt the oblique cutting method, blade face Chao Nan is so that blade can fully carry out photosynthesis.
3, the seedbed management after the cuttage:
3.1 moisture: the elaeagnus mollis blade is thick, band fine hair, so humidity situation that must the close observation blade face after the cuttage, accomplish each few water spray during water spray as far as possible, water spray frequency height, water stopping time is short, makes blade keep water membrane (annotate: must with clean water), when spray water later on number of times and quantity of cuttage rooting should reduce in right amount.
3.2 temperature: the spray plugged ear of elaeagnus mollis, the temperature of taking root are about 20 ℃-30 ℃, and temperature is lower than 20 ℃ takes root slowly, prolongs rootage duration; Surpass 30 ℃, temperature raises, and suppresses to take root, and causes rottenly easilier, can adopt the plastic tunnel control temperature of taking root in winter or summer.
3.3 the control of damage by disease and insect and germ: as mismanagement or overcast and rainy continuously after inserting, can find about one week has nematode to occur, will be with spraying desinsections such as the red aqua of furans, gram line prestige, in order to prevent courses of infection, cause rotting of plugged ear, carbendazim or tpn sterilization according to 800 times of the back sprays one time of cutting off the water between the lights in the every 3-5 of actual conditions days stop to spray medicine after taking root.
4, fertilizing management:
After callus forms, begin to carry out foliar application, the urea of a 0.2%-0.5% of general jede Woche spray, the later stage sprays the mixed liquor of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5, hardening:
Behind the cuttage rooting,, increase ventilation and light transmittance gradually, make cuttage seeding adapt to natural conditions gradually if when plastic shed nursery.3-5 days hardenings of must cutting off the water before transplanting promote the rapid growth of root system and improve the nursery stock adaptive capacity of high temperature and drought weather to external world.
6, transplant:
Move into after the fringe bar is taken root and continue in the light matrix container that is fit to this seeds growing environment to cultivate, light matrix is to be mixed by soil, river sand and the fertilizer ratio with 2: 1: 2, and with the sterilization of 0.4% potassium permanganate, cultivate after 10-15 days and nursery stock to be transplanted with matrix and dense planting continues to cultivate in the soil that is adapted to, as mountain area, loess plateau and other places, and irritate vola water, survival rate can reach more than 90%.At the initial stage of transplanting, should suitably shade, spray water, keep certain temperature.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) build the seedbed, the bottom, seedbed is laid 10-15cm stone, 8-12cm slag and 10-20cm river sand from down to up successively;
(2) on close elite stand, gather the fringe bar, select living then sturdy branch or root system sprout tillers on the earsh body base portion trunk;
(3) with the fringe bar cuttage of gathering in the matrix in seedbed;
(4) compartment of terrain sprays water for the blade of elaeagnus mollis after the cuttage, and the temperature that keeps matrix in the seedbed simultaneously is at 20-30 ℃;
(5) after callus forms, begin to carry out foliar application, to take root until the fringe bar, the end of growing seedlings continues nursery stock transplanting and dense planting to cultivate in the soil that is adapted at last.
2, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that moving into after the fringe bar is taken root and continue in the light matrix container that is fit to this seeds growing environment to cultivate, light matrix is to be mixed by soil, river sand and the fertilizer ratio with 2: 1: 2, and with the sterilization of 0.4% potassium permanganate, cultivate after 10-15 days nursery stock is transplanted to matrix and continue cultivation in the soil that is adapted to.
3, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that adding in the river sand in the seedbed perlite, vermiculite.
4, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the seedbed uses 0.4% potassium permanganate to nursery bed disinfection respectively in cuttage the last week and the previous day.
5, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1 and 2, the time that it is characterized in that gathering the fringe bar is preferably in elaeagnus mollis eugonic late May to late June, and is chosen in branch water content more morning.
6, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the fringe bar is cut into 10-15cm length, keeps 1-2 sheet leaf, and last clip is cut into the plane, and following clip is cut into the shape of a hoof.
7, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the fringe bar before cuttage earlier with 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 doubly or 50% carbendazim 500-800 doubly soak half an hour, again with mixed solution immersion 1-2 minute of 800 times indolebutyric acid and heteroauxin or with 1000 times ABT1 rooting powder solution immersion 1 hour.
8, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1 and 2 preferably is chosen in morning during 6-9 or at dusk during 6-8 or the cloudy day when it is characterized in that the cuttage of fringe bar, the cuttage degree of depth is 3-5cm.
9, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that close elite stand being carried out girdling, playing processing such as item, defloration bud gathering fringe bar first half of the month, or to the spray leaf fertilizer of collection fringe bar.
10, a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method according to claim 1 and 2, when it is characterized in that carrying out foliar application, the urea of a 0.2%-0.5% of jede Woche spray, the later stage sprays the mixed liquor of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
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| CN102144484A (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-08-10 | 江苏九久环境科技有限公司 | Cutting propagation method of Photinia lochengensis |
| CN102282995A (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2011-12-21 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Cold-resistant excellent lance-leaved red anise strain cutting propagation technology |
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| CN104012334A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-03 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Slotting machine facility construction method for high-efficiency breeding of Ascendens mucronatum series varieties |
| CN103348862A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-16 | 句容市仑山花木场 | Straight branch crape myrtle cutting seedling raising method |
| CN104756840A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-07-08 | 嘉兴欣盛园林绿化景观工程有限公司 | Cutting process of distylium buxifoliumvar rotundum and culture device thereof |
| CN104756840B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-10-03 | 嘉兴欣盛园林绿化景观工程有限公司 | The cuttage technique and its breeding apparatus of a kind of round end Distylium racemosum |
| CN106171153A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-07 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of rare plant elaeagnus mollis seed germination and the method for nursery |
| CN106211963A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-12-14 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of method of rare plant elaeagnus mollis epicormic branch cutting |
| CN106305428A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-11 | 南京林业大学 | Fixed bud multiplication and plant regeneration method for Elaeagnus mollis Diels |
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