CN100571503C - A kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the plant propagation technical field, be specially a kind of elaeagnus mollis asexual reproduction method, solve propagation method that existing elaeagnus mollis adopts and exist grow seedlings germination rate and emergence rate low, be difficult to produce problems such as new root when carrying out epicormic branch cuttage, comprise and build the seedbed; On close elite stand, gather the fringe bar; With the fringe bar cuttage of gathering in medium of seedling bed; Give the blade water spray of elaeagnus mollis after the cuttage, temperature is 20-30 ℃; Carry out foliar application, take root until the fringe bar.The present invention utilizes vegetative propagation technique, can breed more nursery stocks in a short time, regulate seedling bed temperature and humidity, keep the plugged ear physiological equilibrium, and the fringe bar that shears is carried out disinfection and the auxin processing, for cuttage rooting provides required growth hormone and nutriment, simultaneously close elite stand is carried out technical finesse, promote the formation and the growth of plugged ear adventive root, efficiently solve the problem that it is difficult that callus is taken root, propagation technique is easy to be quick, with low cost, the reproduction rate height.

Description

A kind of vegetative propagation method of Samara oil tree

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant propagation, in particular to a method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree.

Background technique

Elaeagnus mollos. Diels belongs to the national second-class protected plants and is in an endangered state. Its survival and reproduction status and the reasons for endangerment are as follows: Elaeagnus mollos. Diels belongs to the family Elaeagnus mollos. The southern part of Shanxi Province and Huxian County, Shaanxi Province are unique tree species in my country, and were listed as the first batch of second-class key protected plants in the country in the 1980s. Samara oil tree originated in the ancient Tertiary period and is one of the relict plants after the Quaternary glaciation. It was first discovered by Giraldi of France in Laoyu Mountain, Huxian County, Shaanxi Province in 1899. It was named by Diels of Germany in 1905. It is only a hundred years since the discovery of Samara oil tree, but in view of its important scientific value and economic significance, its research has been widely valued. Samara oil tree is a precious, rare, and excellent woody oil plant. According to the current research results, Samara oil tree is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, and barren-resistant, with well-developed root system, strong nitrogen fixation, and large crown. Early flowering is an ideal source of honey in early spring, so it is suitable for large-scale planting in mountainous areas. It is a pioneer tree species for greening barren hills, maintaining water and soil, and improving soil. It plays an important role in improving the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau and even the entire Yellow River Basin. Moreover, the oil content of Samara seeds is 21%. The oil contains 81% unsaturated fats such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, which are anti-acid and rich in vitamin E, amino acids and trace elements. Commodity and health-care oils have irreplaceable multiple biologically active functional advantages in similar products, and are praised by international academic authorities as precious pure natural health care products in the 21st century.

Samara oil tree is drought-resistant and cold-resistant, has low requirements on soil conditions, and has strong adaptability, but the existing number is limited, about 2 million in the wild, and only 13,600 mu in artificial cultivation, and the distribution range is narrow, with an east diameter of 110°36′- 111°56′, 34°52′-36°05′ north latitude, and 780-1400m above sea level, it is the transition zone from the Jinnan Basin to the surrounding mountains. At present, there are two reasons for its endangerment: 1. The seed germination rate of Samara oil tree is low, and the life span is short, and it is difficult to germinate under natural conditions, which greatly limits its reproduction, renewal and expansion; The significance of the survival and development of fruit oil trees is not well understood, and the man-made logging damage is quite serious, so that the amount of resources is decreasing.

At present, there are two general plant propagation techniques at home and abroad, namely sexual reproduction (seed seedling cultivation) and asexual reproduction (cutting cultivation, root propagation, twig cultivation and tissue culture), and Samara oil tree has not been found abroad so far. Some people have studied that in the 1970s in China, seedlings were mostly used. Seeds were sown directly in autumn, or mixed with wet sand and seeds (1:3) in autumn, and then sowed in the spring of the second year. The seed germination rate of above-mentioned method is very low, and its main reason is except containing the material that suppresses seed germination in samara shell and leathery seed coat, more important is the strong mechanical resistance of hard fruit shell and leathery seed coat, makes The water absorption speed of the seeds is very slow. Even if the seeds are soaked for a week, the hardness of the seed coat is still not weakened. If the seed coat is peeled off, the embryos are the same as those of unsoaked seeds. This is the root cause of the low germination rate of seedlings. Not only wasting the seeds, but also increasing the investment, it is impossible to adapt to the needs of fast, efficient and simple silviculture of Samara oil tree, and its emergence rate is also low. Samara oil tree is a dicotyledon seed with non-forced dormancy. Not only should the seeding be shallow, but also the dormancy should be broken through alternate freezing and thawing. In this way, in years with more snow and rain in winter, some seeds can still germinate, but large In most years, the entire army is wiped out because the seeds do not absorb enough water; and in the prior art, in terms of vegetative propagation, due to the lack of endogenous hormones during twig cuttings, it is difficult to produce new roots, and the reproduction rate is low.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is in order to solve the problem that the seedling germination rate and emergence rate of the existing Samara oil tree are low, the seeds are wasted, and the investment is increased. At the same time, due to the lack of endogenous hormones, it is difficult to carry out twig cuttings. Problems such as generation of new roots are provided, and a method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree is provided.

The present invention is realized by adopting the following technical solutions: a method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree, comprising the following steps: (1) building a seedbed, laying 10-15cm stones, 8-12cm slag and 10- 20cm river sand; (2) gather the fringe on the mother tree, select the thick and strong branches or root sprouts on the main trunk of the young tree body; (3) the fringe cuttings collected are inserted in the matrix of the seedbed; (4 ) Spray water on the leaves of Samara oil tree at intervals after cutting, while keeping the temperature of the substrate in the seedbed at 20-30°C; (5) After the callus is formed, start to fertilize the leaves until the spikes take root and raise seedlings Finally, the seedlings are transplanted and densely planted in the adapted soil to continue to cultivate.

In order to further improve the survival rate of Samara oil tree, move into the light substrate container suitable for this tree species growth environment after described scion takes root and continue to cultivate, and light substrate is made of soil, river sand and organic fertilizer with 2: 1: 2 It is prepared by mixing proportions, and sterilized with 0.4% potassium permanganate, and after 10-15 days of cultivation, the seedlings and substrate are transplanted into the adapted soil to continue cultivation.

Perlite and vermiculite are added to the river sand in the seedbed. These two materials have better thermal insulation performance, can effectively maintain the temperature in the seedbed, and meet the growth needs of young shoots.

In order to prevent some harmful components in the soil from affecting the growth of the seedlings, the seedbeds were disinfected with 0.4% potassium permanganate one week before cutting and the day before cutting.

Because not all Samara oil tree varieties can produce adventitious roots well, usually, too tender branches do not have root primitives and are easy to rot and affect the survival rate, although too lignified branches have rooting ability, but the root There are few and poor growth, so the best time to collect cuttings is from late May to late June when the samara oil tree grows vigorously, and choose to cut the cuttings into 10-15cm long in the morning when the branches have more water content. Keep 1-2 leaves, use the leafy branches to synthesize nutrients and rooting substances by themselves, cut the upper cut into a plane, seal it with wax for a period of time before cutting, reduce water loss, and cut the lower cut into a horseshoe shape to increase the callus area.

In order to further improve the rooting rate of the cuttings, the present invention will carry out disinfection and plant growth hormone treatment to the cut cuttings before cutting, and the specific method is to use 800-1000 times or 50% more Soak 500-800 times of fungizolin for half an hour, then soak with 800 times of indole butyric acid and indole acetic acid mixed solution for 1-2 minutes or soak with 1000 times of ABT1 rooting powder solution for 1 hour to make the cuttings produce internal Source hormone, is convenient to take root, and above-mentioned used medicament all is existing known product, is easy to obtain.

It is best to choose 6-9 o'clock in the morning or 6-8 o'clock in the evening or cloudy days when the cutting of the fringe is cut, and the cutting depth can be grasped according to the length of the fringe, usually the cutting depth is 3-5cm.

In order to improve the quality of cuttings, half a month before collecting the cuttings, carry out ring cutting, topping, picking flower buds and other treatments on the parent tree, which is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, or spray fertilizer on the leaves of the collected cuttings , to supplement nutrients and trace elements, which is to increase the content of rooting substances in cuttings, reduce or remove substances that hinder rooting, enhance the activity of meristems, and create conditions for the formation of adventitious roots.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes asexual propagation technology, i.e. the technology of samara oleifera twig cutting and seedling raising, which uses the new shoots born in the year to cut the cuttings, not only has a large number of fringes, but also utilizes the branches with leaves to produce cuttings. It synthesizes nutrients and rooting substances by itself, so it is easier to root than hard branches, and can reproduce more seedlings of good varieties in a short period of time. Intermittent spraying is carried out during the seedling raising process to provide water for the cuttings, adjust the temperature and humidity of the seedbed, maintain the physiological balance of the cuttings, and enable the leaves to fully perform photosynthesis, and the cut cuttings are disinfected and treated with plant growth hormones before cuttings. Provide the required auxin and nutrients for the rooting of cuttings, and at the same time carry out technical treatment on the mother tree before cutting, thus greatly promoting the formation and development of adventitious roots of cuttings, effectively solving the problem of difficult callus rooting. The propagation technique described in the invention is simple and fast, has low cost and high reproduction rate, greatly increases the planting area of the samara oil tree, and has certain economic and social benefits.

Detailed ways

The following is the specific implementation process of the present invention:

A method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree, comprising the following steps:

1. Build a seedbed: The substrate of the transplanting bed is an important factor affecting the survival rate of cuttings, and the substrate must be ventilated and permeable. Use bricks to build a seedbed about 40cm high, 2.5m wide, and the length is determined according to needs. Spread 10-15cm of stones at the bottom of the bed, 8-12cm of slag in the middle, and 10-20cm of river sand on the top. Spray pipes are laid between the seedbeds, and drainage is provided under the bed. For holes, some perlite and vermiculite with good thermal insulation properties can be added to the river sand. Disinfect the seedbed with 0.4% potassium permanganate one week before cutting and the day before.

2. Preparation and cutting of cuttings:

2.1 Selection and treatment of the mother tree: select the year-old thick branches or root tillers on the main trunk of the young tree body, and perform circumcision, topping, and picking flower buds on the mother tree half a month before collecting the spikes, or treat the mother tree Spray fertilizer on the leaves of the collected spikes;

2.2 Collection and processing of cuttings: The cutting time is selected from late May to late June when Samara oil tree grows vigorously, preferably in the morning when the branches have more water content. The picked branches should be placed in a cool place and wrapped in plastic bags to avoid water loss. Punch holes in the plastic bag to ensure the oxygen needed for the leaves to breathe. When cutting the ears, choose a cool place, pay attention to spraying water on the branches to keep them moisturized, and shorten the time for picking and cutting as much as possible. Cut the cuttings into 10-15cm long, leave 1-2 leaves, cut the upper cut into a plane, seal it with wax to reduce water consumption, and cut the lower cut into a horseshoe shape to increase the callus area. Cut 50 cuttings in a bundle for disinfection and hormone treatment. The specific method is to soak 800-1000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl or 500-800 times of 50% carbendazim for half an hour, and then use 800 times Soak in a mixed solution of indole butyric acid and indole acetic acid for 1-2 minutes or soak in 1000 times of ABT No. 1 rooting powder solution for 1 hour.

2.3 Cutting: It is best to cut cuttings at 6-9 in the morning or 6-8 in the evening or on cloudy days, and the cutting depth can be controlled according to the length of the cuttings, usually the cutting depth is 3-5cm. After cutting, compact the base with your hands so that the substrate and the spikes are in close contact with each other. During the cutting process, care should be taken to follow the cutting and spraying. The distance between plants and rows is based on the premise that the leaves do not overlap each other. The oblique cutting method is adopted, and the leaves face south so that the leaves can fully perform photosynthesis.

3. Seedbed management after cutting:

3.1 Moisture: The leaves of Samara oil tree are thick and fluffy, so after cutting, you must closely observe the humidity of the leaf surface. When spraying water, try to spray less water each time. Keep a layer of water film (note: clean water must be used), and the number and quantity of water spraying should be appropriately reduced after the cuttings take root.

3.2 Temperature: The rooting temperature of the twig cuttings of Samara oil tree is around 20°C-30°C, the temperature is lower than 20°C, the rooting is slow, and the rooting time is prolonged; when the temperature exceeds 30°C, the temperature rises, inhibits rooting, and is more likely to cause rot. Plastic greenhouses can be used to control the rooting temperature in winter or summer.

3.3 Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and germs: if poor management or continuous rainy days after cuttings, nematodes will appear in about a week, spray carbofuran water, carbofuran, etc. to kill insects, in order to prevent germ infection and cause cuttings to rot According to the actual situation, spray 800 times of carbendazim or chlorothalonil for sterilization every 3-5 days after the water is cut off in the evening, and stop spraying after rooting.

4. Fertilization management:

After the callus is formed, start to fertilize the leaves, generally spray 0.2%-0.5% urea once a week, and spray the mixed solution of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the later stage.

5. Seedling hardening:

After the cuttings take root, if the seedlings are grown in a plastic shed, the ventilation and light transmittance should be gradually increased to make the cuttings gradually adapt to the natural conditions. 3-5 days before transplanting, water must be cut off to harden the seedlings, so as to promote the rapid development of the root system and improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the high temperature and dry climate outside.

6. Transplanting:

After the cuttings take root, move them into a light substrate container suitable for the growth environment of the tree species to continue to cultivate. The light substrate is mixed with soil, river sand and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 2:1:2, and sterilized with 0.4% potassium permanganate After 10-15 days of cultivation, the seedlings are transplanted together with the substrate and densely planted in the adapted soil to continue cultivation, such as mountainous areas, loess plateaus and other places, and sufficient bottom water is poured, the survival rate can reach more than 90%. In the initial stage of transplantation, it should be properly shaded, sprayed with water, and maintained at a certain temperature.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of samara oil tree vegetative propagation method is characterized in that comprising the following steps: (1) Build a seedbed, and lay 10-15cm stones, 8-12cm slag and 10-20cm river sand at the bottom of the seedbed sequentially from bottom to top; (2) gather fringe bar on the mother tree, select the thick and strong branch or root system sprouting tiller of the year on the main trunk of the young tree body base; (3) the cuttings of the spikes collected are inserted in the matrix of the seedbed; (4) Spray water to the leaves of Samara oil tree at intervals after cutting, while keeping the temperature of the substrate in the seedbed at 20-30°C; (5) after callus is formed, begin to carry out foliage fertilization, until ear bar takes root; (6) After the cuttings take root, move into the light matrix container suitable for the growth environment of the tree species to continue to cultivate. The light matrix is mixed with soil, river sand and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 2: 1: 2, and 0.4% high manganese Potassium acid disinfection, after 10-15 days of cultivation, the seedlings are transplanted together with the substrate and densely planted in the adapted soil to continue cultivation. 2. A method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree according to claim 1, characterized in that perlite and vermiculite are added to the river sand in the seedbed. 3. A method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the seedbed is disinfected with 0.4% potassium permanganate one week and one day before the cutting. 4. A method for vegetative propagation of Samara oil tree according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the best time to collect cuttings is from late May to late June when the tree is vigorously growing, and the time to choose The morning when the branches have more water content. 5. A method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spikes are cut into 10-15cm long, 1-2 leaves are reserved, the upper cut is cut into a plane, and the lower cut is Cut into a horseshoe shape. 6. A method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cuttings are first treated with 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times or 50% carbendazim 500 times before cutting -800 times soaking for half an hour, soaking with 1000 times ABT No.1 rooting powder solution for 1 hour. 7. A method for vegetative propagation of Samara oil tree according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when the cuttings are cut, it is best to choose between 6-9 o'clock in the morning or 6-8 o'clock in the evening or cloudy days, and the cutting depth is 3-5cm. 8. A method for asexual propagation of Samara oil tree according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that half a month before collecting the spikes, the mother tree is subjected to circumcision, topping, and flower bud picking, or the collected Spray fertilizer on the leaves of the spikes.