CN113785706A - Cutting seedling method of Siberian apricot trees - Google Patents
Cutting seedling method of Siberian apricot trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides a cutting seedling method of a Siberian apricot tree, and relates to the technical field of plant asexual propagation. The cutting seedling method of the Siberian apricot trees comprises the steps of cutting shoot selection, cutting shoot treatment, cutting, rooting management and transplanting seedling, wherein the IBA is adopted to be 400-800mg/L and salicylic acid is adopted to be 200-600mg/L to soak the cutting shoots, and turf, mountain foundation soil and river sand are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1-3:3-5:1-3 to serve as a cutting matrix, so that the rooting rate of the Siberian apricot tree cutting shoots and the growth characters of cutting seedlings can be obviously improved, and the problem that the Siberian apricot trees are difficult to root after cutting is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation, and particularly relates to a cutting seedling method of a Siberian apricot tree.
Background
The tree is called "tamarind" which is a shrub or small tree of the genus Prunus in the family Rosaceae. Mainly distributed in Siberian of Russia, eastern and southeast Mongolia, inner Mongolia, Beijing, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Tibet and other areas of China. The Siberian apricot trees have the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, sand wind resistance, barren resistance, developed root systems and the like, and are excellent tree species for fixing sand, preserving soil, conserving water sources and improving ecological environment. In addition, the kernel of Siberian apricot belongs to common medicinal materials in the field of medicine, and can be used for preparing high-grade cosmetics, high-grade coatings and biological energy sources. Therefore, the Siberian apricot tree is a multifunctional tree species which integrates ecological, economic and social benefits, and has great development and utilization prospects. With the increasing cultivation area of the Siberian apricot trees, the demand for good seedlings is also increasing. How to cultivate a large amount of high-quality nursery stocks is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Currently, the propagation mode of the siberian apricot trees mainly comprises seeding, seedling raising and propagation, cutting propagation, grafting propagation and tissue culture vegetative propagation. Wherein, the seeding propagation seedling raising period is long, the inter-plant differentiation is obvious, and the requirements of modern production on high quality and large seedling quantity can not be met; grafting and breeding are generally carried out by one stock and one seedling, and the breeding efficiency is low; the tissue culture method requires harsh culture conditions, and cannot be widely applied in actual production at the current stage. The cutting propagation can maintain the hereditary property of the tree species or variety, broaden the propagation channel, improve the propagation coefficient of the forest to the maximum extent, propagate the nursery stock quickly, efficiently and with high quality, and adjust and utilize the stage development rule of the tree. However, the siberian apricot tree belongs to a tree species difficult to root by cutting, the cutting shoot basically does not root under the condition of no treatment, and the research optimization of the cutting conditions of the armeniaca siberian apricot tree is carried out by the Dong Sheng et al (2013), the Daifei et al (2012), but the rooting rate of the cutting is still low. Currently, an effective means for improving the cutting rooting of the Siberian apricot trees and optimizing the growth traits of cutting seedlings is still lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a cutting seedling method for siberian apricot trees, which solves the problem that cutting slips of the siberian apricot trees are difficult to root, improves the rooting rate of cutting, optimizes the growth character of cutting seedlings, and provides sufficient and excellent seedlings for the actual production of the siberian apricot trees.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cutting seedling method of a Siberian apricot tree comprises cutting shoot selection, cutting shoot treatment, cutting, rooting management and transplanting seedling; wherein the cutting treatment comprises: the cuttings are soaked by IBA400-800mg/L + salicylic acid 200-600 mg/L.
Preferably, the cutting treatment comprises: the cutting shoots are soaked by IBA600mg/L and salicylic acid 400 mg/L.
Preferably, the cutting treatment time is 45-75 s.
Preferably, the cuttage matrix is grass peat, mountain foundation soil and river sand which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1-3:3-5: 1-3.
Preferably, the cutting shoot is a 1-year-old lignified or semi-lignified shoot.
More preferably, the branch is cut into a stem section with the length of 8-12cm and 2-3 leaves, the cut at two ends of the stem section is smooth, and the lower end of the stem section is a bevel.
Preferably, the cutting comprises: the cutting is obliquely inserted into the substrate, and the cutting depth is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the cutting.
Preferably, the rooting management comprises: after cutting, the temperature is maintained at 22-30 ℃ and the air humidity is 80-90%.
Preferably, the transplanting seedling raising comprises: selecting sandy loam or loam plots with lees, mild, deep soil layers, rich and good irrigation and drainage conditions as transplanting seedling raising lands, applying 0.8-1.2 tons/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, and deeply ploughing and raking; transplanting after 1-2 months of cuttage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a cutting seedling method of Siberian apricot trees, which is characterized in that IBA and salicylic acid are combined to be used as exogenous hormones to soak Siberian apricot tree cuttings, and under the appropriate concentration, the two exogenous hormones can generate a synergistic effect, so that the rooting rate of the cuttings is improved, and the seedling raising efficiency is improved. The turf, the mountain base soil and the river sand are mixed to serve as the cutting medium of the Siberian apricot trees, so that the cutting rooting of cuttings can be promoted, the overground part growth can be promoted, the seedling growth character indexes are optimized, and the transplanting survival is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cutting seedling method of a Siberian apricot tree, which comprises the steps of cutting shoot selection, cutting shoot treatment, cutting, rooting management and transplanting seedling.
Selecting cutting slips: according to the invention, the lignified or semi-lignified branch generated in spring of 1 year is preferably used as the cutting shoot, the lignification degree is high, and the cutting rooting is facilitated. Preferably cutting the branch into stem sections with the length of 8-12cm and 2-3 leaves, wherein the cuts at two ends of the stem sections are smooth, and the lower ends of the stem sections are inclined planes; more preferably, the branches are cut into stem segments with 2 leaves and the length of each stem segment is 10 cm. As an implementation mode, the cutting shoot with 2-3 leaves can ensure the transpiration, which is beneficial to the cutting shoot to absorb water and survive, but the excessively large leaves easily cause the excessive consumption of the cutting shoot nutrients and reduce the survival rate of the cutting shoot, and when the cutting shoot carries the excessively large leaves, the cutting shoot needs to be cut by half, namely, a half-leaf method is adopted to ensure the survival of the cutting shoot.
And (3) cutting treatment: the Siberian apricot trees belong to tree species which are difficult to root in cuttage, and the rooting rate of the cuttage can be obviously improved through exogenous hormone treatment. The exogenous hormone of the invention is IBA400-800mg/L + salicylic acid 200-600 mg/L; further preferably IBA 500-700mg/L + salicylic acid 300-500 mg/L; more preferably IBA600mg/L + salicylic acid 400 mg/L. The invention preferably inserts the lower end of the stem segment of the cutting into the exogenous hormone solution for soaking, and the soaking depth is not more than 1/3 of the cutting. The time for soaking the cutting is more preferably 45 to 75 seconds, and the time for soaking is more preferably 60 seconds.
Cuttage: the substrate is also an important influence factor for cutting rooting, and the water permeability, air permeability and nutrient difference of the substrate also have obvious influence on the rooting rate and rooting effect of the cutting slips. According to the invention, the preferable cutting medium is grass peat, mountain foundation soil and river sand which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1-3:3-5:1-3, and the grass peat, mountain foundation soil and river sand are further preferably mixed according to the volume ratio of 2:4: 2. In the invention, when the cutting is preferably carried out, the cutting is obliquely inserted into the substrate, the lower end of the cutting is ensured to be downwards inclined as far as possible, the cutting depth is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the cutting, and the cutting depth is more preferably 1/3 of the length of the cutting. As an implementation mode, after a cuttage matrix is prepared, the matrix is disinfected and sterilized, and the bactericide comprises potassium permanganate, carbendazim, mancozeb and the like, is watered thoroughly, and then cuttage is carried out.
And (3) rooting management: in the invention, the temperature is preferably maintained at 22-30 ℃ after cuttage, more preferably at 24-28 ℃, and still more preferably at 26 ℃; the invention preferably maintains the air humidity of 80-90%, more preferably 82-88%, and even more preferably 85% after cuttage. As an implementation mode, an automatic intermittent spraying device is used for maintaining the air humidity of the cuttage environment, and the carbendazim is sprayed with water for 1 time every 1 week, and meanwhile, weeding is carried out in the same period.
Transplanting and seedling: the method preferably selects sandy loam or loam plots with lees, mild soil layers, deep and fertile soil layers and good irrigation and drainage conditions as transplanting seedling raising lands, applies 0.8-1.2 tons/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, and deeply plows and harrows; and further preferably applying decomposed organic fertilizer 1.0 ton/mu. Preferably, the cutting seedlings are transplanted to a seedling raising field after 1-2 months of cutting; further preferably transplanting 45 days after the cuttage is finished; more preferably, the cutting seedlings grow to be more than 50cm, and the transplanting is carried out when the roots are 6-9cm long. As an implementation mode, the root of the cutting seedling is not damaged when the cutting seedling is transplanted and the seedling is lifted, the soil is buried when the cutting seedling is transplanted, the cutting seedling is watered along with the transplanting, and the cutting seedling is settled by water.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cutting seedling method of Siberian apricot trees comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free Siberian apricot tree which grows to be half lignified branches in 1 year of spring as cuttings; making the cutting into stem sections with length of 10cm and 3 leaves, wherein the cuts at two ends of the stem sections are smooth, and the lower ends of the stem sections are inclined planes;
(2) soaking 1/3 parts of the lower end of the stem segment into IBA600mg/L and salicylic acid 400mg/L exogenous hormone solution for 60 s;
(3) mixing turf, mountain foundation soil and river sand according to the volume ratio of 2:4:2 to serve as a cutting matrix, watering thoroughly, obliquely cutting the soaked cutting slips into the matrix, enabling the lower end of each cutting slip to face downwards, and enabling the insertion depth to be 1/3 of the length of each cutting slip;
(4) maintaining the temperature of the cuttage environment at 26 ℃ and the air humidity at 85%;
(5) sandy loam or loam plots with low wind, gentle soil layer, deep and fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions are used as transplanting seedling raising lands, decomposed organic fertilizer is applied for 1.0 ton/mu, and the land is deeply ploughed and raked; and after the cuttage is finished for 45 days, transplanting the cuttage seedlings to a seedling raising field.
Example 2
A cutting seedling method of Siberian apricot trees comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free Siberian apricot tree which grows to be half lignified branches in 1 year of spring as cuttings; making the cutting into stem sections with length of 8cm and 2 leaves, wherein the cut at two ends of the stem section is smooth, and the lower end of the stem section is an inclined plane;
(2) partially immersing the lower end 1/3 of the stem segment into IBA400mg/L + salicylic acid 600mg/L exogenous hormone solution, and immersing for 75 s;
(3) mixing turf, mountain foundation soil and river sand according to the volume ratio of 1:3:1 to serve as a cutting matrix, watering thoroughly, obliquely cutting the soaked cutting slips into the matrix, enabling the lower end of each cutting slip to face downwards, and enabling the insertion depth to be 1/3 of the length of each cutting slip;
(4) maintaining the temperature of the cuttage environment at 30 ℃ and the air humidity at 80%;
(5) sandy loam or loam plots with low wind, gentle soil layer, deep and fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions are used as transplanting seedling raising lands, 0.8 ton/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied, and the land is deeply ploughed and raked; and transplanting the cutting seedlings to a seedling raising field after the cutting is finished for 1 month.
Example 3
A cutting seedling method of Siberian apricot trees comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting 1 year spring lignified branches of strong Siberian apricot trees which have no diseases and insect pests as cuttings; making the cutting into stem sections with length of 12cm and 3 leaves, wherein the cuts at two ends of the stem sections are smooth, and the lower ends of the stem sections are inclined planes;
(2) soaking 1/3 parts of the lower end of the stem segment into IBA 800mg/L and salicylic acid 200mg/L exogenous hormone solution for 45 s;
(3) mixing turf, mountain base soil and river sand according to the volume ratio of 3:5:3 to serve as a cutting matrix, obliquely cutting the soaked cutting slips into the matrix, enabling the lower end of each cutting slip to face downwards in an inclined plane, and enabling the insertion depth to be 1/4 of the length of each cutting slip;
(4) maintaining the temperature of the cuttage environment at 22 ℃ and the air humidity at 90%;
(5) sandy loam or loam plots with low wind, gentle soil layer, deep and fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions are used as transplanting seedling raising lands, decomposed organic fertilizer is applied for 1.2 tons/mu, and the land is deeply ploughed and raked; and after the cuttage is finished for 2 months, transplanting the cuttage seedlings to a seedling raising field.
Example 4
Influence of different concentrations of IBA and SA on cuttage rooting rate of Siberian apricot trees
The test is carried out in the test park of the scientific research institute of forestry in Heilongjiang province.
(1) And (3) cutting collection: selecting 1 year-old semi-lignified branches of strong Siberian apricot trees without diseases and insect pests as cutting materials in a test park of the scientific research institute of forestry in Heilongjiang province before 9 am;
(2) and (3) cutting treatment: and (3) disinfecting by using scissors, cutting the collected branches into stem sections with the length of 10cm and 2-3 leaves reserved at the middle upper parts (the larger leaves are obtained by adopting a half-leaf method), wherein the cuts at two ends of the stem sections are smooth, and the lower ends of the stem sections are inclined planes.
(3) And (3) cutting treatment: the test is totally provided with 10 exogenous hormone treatments, namely IBA 800mg/L, SA 800mg/L, IBA 1000mg/L, SA 1000mg/L, IBA400mg/L + SA 600mg/L, IBA 500mg/L + SA 500mg/L, IBA600mg/L + SA 400mg/L, IBA 700mg/L + SA 300mg/L, IBA 800mg/L + SA200mg/L and clear water (CK), wherein each treatment comprises 30 cuttings and is repeated for 3 times.
(4) And (3) cutting and soaking: the lower end of the stem segment is inserted into exogenous hormone (or clear water) to be soaked for 60s, and the soaking depth does not exceed 1/3 of the length of the cutting.
(5) Cuttage: mixing turf, mountain foundation soil and river sand according to the volume ratio of 2:4:2, disinfecting and sterilizing the mixture to be used as a cuttage matrix, and watering the cuttage matrix thoroughly. And inserting the treated cutting into the mixed matrix, wherein the insertion depth is 1/3 of the cutting length, and the temperature is kept at 26 ℃ and the air humidity is 85%.
(6) And (4) counting results: statistics were observed after 50d and the rooting rate (mean) was calculated.
And (3) test results:
TABLE 1 influence of different concentrations IBA, SA on the rooting rate of cuttage of Siberian apricot trees
As can be seen from Table 1, the rooting rate of IBA treatment is higher than that of SA under the treatment of the same concentration of exogenous hormone alone. The IBA and the SA are combined for use, so that an obvious synergistic effect can be generated, and the rooting rate of the cutting slips of the Siberian apricot trees is remarkably improved to 85.56-98.89%. The difficulty of plant rooting is related to the amount of rooting promoting substances and inhibiting substances contained in the plant, and the rooting promoting substances of the cutting are increased or the content of the rooting inhibiting substances is reduced by adopting artificial measures, so that the survival rate of cuttage can be improved. IBA is used as auxin substance and has the function of promoting the rooting of the cutting slips; SA as a simple phenolic compound in plants also has obvious influence on the physiological change process of rooting of the scions of the Siberian apricot trees. The two exogenous hormones are combined for use, so that the rooting rate of cuttage can be obviously improved, and the cuttage effect of the Siberian apricot trees is improved.
Example 5
Influence of different cutting matrixes on cuttage rooting rate of Siberian apricot trees
The test is carried out in the test park of the scientific research institute of forestry in Heilongjiang province.
(1) And (3) cutting collection: selecting 1 year-old semi-lignified branches of strong Siberian apricot trees without diseases and insect pests as cutting materials in a test park of the scientific research institute of forestry in Heilongjiang province before 9 am;
(2) and (3) cutting treatment: and (3) disinfecting by using scissors, cutting the collected branches into stem sections with the length of 10cm and 2-3 leaves reserved at the middle upper parts (the larger leaves are obtained by adopting a half-leaf method), wherein the cuts at two ends of the stem sections are smooth, and the lower ends of the stem sections are inclined planes.
(3) And (3) cutting treatment: and (3) soaking the cutting slips in IBA 500mg/L + SA 500mg/L exogenous hormone solution for 60s, wherein the soaking depth is not more than 1/3 of the length of the cutting slips.
(4) Cuttage: the test is carried out by arranging 8 cutting matrix treatments, namely turf, mountain foundation soil, river sand, grass, mountain river-1: 3:1, grass-2: 4:2, grass-3: 5:3, grass-1: 3:3 and grass-2: 3:1 in volume ratio, and 10 cutting shoots are treated by each treatment and repeated for 3 times. And sterilizing and disinfecting the prepared matrix.
The treated cutting is inserted into the substrate, the insertion depth is 1/3 of the cutting length, the temperature is kept at 26 ℃, and the air humidity is 85%.
(5) And (4) counting results: and observing and counting after 60 days, measuring 4 growth indexes of plant height, stem thickness, root number and root length, and averaging.
TABLE 2 influence of different cutting media on the cutting rooting and growth of Siberian apricot trees
According to the table 2, the turf, the mountain foundation soil and the river sand are mixed to be used as the cuttage substrate, the cuttage effect of the turf, the mountain foundation soil and the river sand is obviously better than that of the single substrate treatment in the aspects of plant height, stem thickness, root number and root length, and the turf, the mountain foundation soil and the river sand have the best effect of 2:4: 2. The river sand has good air permeability and water permeability and is a common cutting medium for Siberian apricot trees; peat, also called peat soil, has good water-holding capacity and high humic acid content; the mountain base soil has good drainage, ventilation and moisture retention characteristics, and contains certain organic nutrient components. The invention mixes the three matrixes to be used as the cuttage matrix of the Siberian apricot trees, obviously improves the rooting efficiency and is beneficial to the application in the production of the Siberian apricot trees.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cutting seedling method of a Siberian apricot tree is characterized by comprising the steps of cutting shoot selection, cutting shoot treatment, cutting, rooting management and transplanting seedling;
the cutting treatment comprises the following steps: IBA400-800mg/L + salicylic acid 200-600mg/L is used for soaking the cutting slips.
2. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the cutting shoot treatment comprises: the cuttings are soaked by IBA600mg/L and salicylic acid 400 mg/L.
3. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting treatment time is 45-75 s.
4. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the cutting medium is grass peat, mountain base soil and river sand mixed according to a volume ratio of 1-3:3-5: 1-3.
5. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein 1 year old spring lignified or semi-lignified shoots are selected as the cuttings.
6. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 5, wherein the branches are cut into stem sections with 2-3 leaves and the length of each stem section is 8-12cm, the cuts at two ends of each stem section are smooth, and the lower ends of each stem section are inclined planes.
7. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the cutting comprises: the cutting is obliquely inserted into the substrate, and the cutting depth is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the cutting.
8. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the rooting management comprises: after cutting, the temperature is maintained at 22-30 ℃ and the air humidity is 80-90%.
9. The cutting seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting seedling raising comprises: selecting sandy loam or loam plots with lees, mild, deep soil layers, rich and good irrigation and drainage conditions as transplanting seedling raising lands, applying 0.8-1.2 tons/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, and deeply ploughing and raking; transplanting after 1-2 months of cuttage.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115152443A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-11 | 平和县嗨果匠果业有限公司 | Cutting seedling method for grapefruit |
| CN115843808A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-28 | 湖南农业大学 | Hormone combination for improving waterlogging resistance of rape and application thereof |
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