CN111593750A - Surface mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure and restoration method - Google Patents
Surface mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure and restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111593750A CN111593750A CN202010534924.5A CN202010534924A CN111593750A CN 111593750 A CN111593750 A CN 111593750A CN 202010534924 A CN202010534924 A CN 202010534924A CN 111593750 A CN111593750 A CN 111593750A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses an open mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure and a restoration method, and particularly relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and land reclamation. The utility model provides an open mine abrupt slope ecological remediation structure, is including the first plant biological bag that is located side slope top and bottom, two side slope upper berth between the first plant biological bag is equipped with wire net and liana, be equipped with the anchor nail between wire net and the side slope, nutrition soil has been laid to the plant biological bag below of side slope bottom, be equipped with the liana on the nutrition soil, nutrition soil one side is equipped with the second plant biological bag, second plant biological bag one side interval is equipped with the barricade, it has to plough planting soil to fill between barricade and the second plant biological bag, it is equipped with the vegetation on the planting soil to plough. The mine side slope in the prior art can not retain water and nutrients in soil to cause vegetation withering, and can be used for repairing the side slope with a large slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and land reclamation, in particular to an open-pit mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure and a restoration method.
Background
In the current stage, the ecological restoration method for the side slope with the gradient greater than 55 degrees in the surface mine mainly comprises the steps of covering soil on the slope toe, planting vines on the slope, adopting a pre-buried spray pipe for maintenance if the water source condition is good, and adopting a manual sprinkler for maintenance if the water source condition is not good. The defects of the repairing method are as follows: 1. the soil is easy to run off due to natural wind and rain and surface runoff water scouring; 2. after the soil and nutrients are lost, the root system of the plant is naked, and the plant can stop growing and even wither, so that the investment waste is caused; 3. when the mine has complex terrain, high terrain, more sections and large height difference, the water diversion irrigation pipelines laid in the vegetation area of the slope planting for ecological restoration are limited, and the pre-buried spray water pipe maintenance cannot be carried out. Meanwhile, due to the large height difference and the limited water pipe lift of the sprinkler, the vegetation planting area can not be watered manually, so that soil is lack of water, blocks and cracks, the plant root system in the vegetation area can not supplement water in time, the plant grows slowly or withers and dies after a long time, and the overall plant planting speed of the engineering is low and the survival rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration structure and a restoration method for a steep slope of a surface mine, and aims to solve the problem that vegetation withers due to the fact that water and nutrients in soil cannot be retained by an existing mine slope.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an open mine abrupt slope ecological remediation structure, is including the first plant biological bag that is located side slope top and bottom, two side slope upper berth between the first plant biological bag is equipped with wire net and liana, be equipped with the anchor nail between wire net and the side slope, nutrition soil has been laid to the plant biological bag below of side slope bottom, be equipped with the liana on the nutrition soil, nutrition soil one side is equipped with the second plant biological bag, second plant biological bag one side interval is equipped with the barricade, it has to plough planting soil to fill between barricade and the second plant biological bag, it is equipped with the vegetation on the planting soil to plough.
The principle and the effect of the technical scheme are as follows: in the ecological restoration structure, the soil on the side slope can be stabilized by the aid of the first plant biological bags at the top and the bottom of the side slope, and the problems of water and soil loss and soil nutrient loss are solved; the steel wire mesh on the side slope integrates the side slope, so that the soil is further stabilized, and vine plants can attach and grow by means of the steel wire mesh, so that the water locking function and the ecological system of the side slope can be restored; and the second plant-growing bag and the retaining wall at the bottom of the side slope further effectively stabilize the land at the bottom of the side slope, and necessary nutrient components are provided for vegetation and vine plants by means of nutrient soil and ploughing and planting soil, so that the survival rate of the vegetation and the vine plants is greatly improved, and a circulating ecological environment is constructed for the side slope.
Furthermore, a water storage tank is arranged in the cultivation soil, and a water absorption cotton rope penetrates through the water storage tank. The rainwater can be collected by means of the water storage tank, water stored in the water storage tank can be pulled to the root system of the plant by means of the water absorption cotton rope, the vegetation can absorb water conveniently, and the survival rate of the vegetation is improved.
Furthermore, one side of the cultivation soil is provided with a water interception and drainage ditch. The drainage can be carried out in time under the condition that the catchment surface of the side slope is large by means of the drainage ditches, so that the soil loss and the root rot of vegetation are avoided.
Furthermore, the steel wire mesh is a flexible galvanized steel wire mesh or a plastic-plated steel wire mesh, and the steel wire mesh is an integral body. Through the arrangement, the net surface of the steel wire net is smooth, the structure is firm, and the integrity is strong; and the phenomenon of looseness is avoided even if the local cutting or local bearing pressure of the steel wire mesh is adopted, and the stability of the structure is enhanced.
Furthermore, the retaining wall can adopt plant biological bags or gabions.
Further, the repair structure comprises the following repair method:
s102, slope processing: removing dangerous rocks and pumice on the slope surface of the side slope;
s104, net hanging processing: hanging a steel wire mesh on the slope cleaned in the step S102 from bottom to top, fixing the steel wire mesh on the slope by using an anchor, overlapping two sides of the steel wire mesh to enable the width of the steel wire mesh to be not less than 10cm, and planting vine plants on the slope on one side of the steel wire mesh;
s106, platform cleaning: leveling the bottom of the side slope to form a platform, stacking a retaining wall on the left side of the platform, wherein the height of the retaining wall is not less than 0.6m, filling cultivation soil between the platform on the right side of the retaining wall and the bottom of the side slope, placing a second plant growth bag on the cultivation soil on the right side of the platform, and planting vegetation on the cultivation soil between the retaining wall and the second plant growth bag;
s108, slope bottom treatment: filling nutrient soil in the plowing and planting soil between the second plant growth bag of the S106 and the bottom of the side slope, and placing the first plant growth bag and planting the vine on the nutrient soil;
s110, slope top treatment: a first plant biological bag is placed at the top of the side slope.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: 1. the scheme can effectively solve the problems of water and soil loss and soil nutrient loss of the slope in the ecological restoration of the steep slope, and effectively ensure the survival rate and the growth speed of plants; 2. the rainwater can be collected to this scheme, effectively solves among the abrupt slope ecological remediation because of the limited, big vegetation maintenance lack of water problem of difference in elevation in the construction place. The rainwater on the earth surface is shunted and automatically stored when raining, and water is timely supplied to the soil when drought occurs, so that water-deficient caking, cracking and plant death of the soil are relieved. 3. The engineering cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: side slope 1, first plant and grow bag 2, wire net 3, lian 4, anchor 5, second plant and grow bag 6, barricade 7, water storage box 8, vegetation 9, cut escape canal 10, absorbent cotton rope 11.
Example 1
Substantially as shown in figure 1: the utility model provides a surface mine abrupt slope ecological remediation structure, including the first plant biological bag 2 that is located 1 top of side slope and bottom, the first plant biological bag 2 at 1 top of side slope sets up in the position of one meter from 1 top of side slope, 1 upper berth of side slope between two first plant biological bags 2 is equipped with a monoblock wire net 3, wire net 3 adopts flexible zinc-plated wire net or plates the wire net that moulds, and wire net 3 system chooses high-quality low carbon steel wire for use, make through accurate automatic mechanical electric welding processing, its wire side is level and smooth, moreover, the steam generator is firm in structure, even wire net 3's local cut or local bearing pressure also unlikely emergence not hard up phenomenon, wire net 3's grid shape can adopt rhombus, ellipse, quadrangle, hexagon, etc.
Vine plants 4 are further planted on the surfaces of the side slopes, the vine plants 4 can be creeper, mucuna japonica, celastrus angulatus, campsis grandiflora, honeysuckle, kudzu vine roots, polygonum multiflorum, euonymus fortunei, kudzu roots, ficus pumila and other vine plants 4, the vine plants 4 can grow depending on the steel wire mesh 3, the adsorbability of the vine plants can be enhanced by the aid of the meshes of the steel wire mesh 3, and survival of the vine plants 4 is facilitated. An anchor 5 is nailed between the steel wire mesh 3 and the side slope 1, the anchor 5 is made of reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 20cm and the length of 20cm, and the steel wire mesh 3 is fixed on the side slope 1 by means of the anchor 5. The lower part of a first plant-growing bag 2 at the bottom of a side slope 1 is filled with nutrient soil, the nutrient soil can be formed by mixing plain soil, microbial matrix fertilizer (breeding excrement sewage and the like), sawdust, chaff, straws and the like, vine plants 4 are planted on the nutrient soil, a second plant-growing bag 6 is placed on the left side of the nutrient soil, retaining walls 7 are placed on the left sides of the second plant-growing bags 6 at intervals, a third plant-growing bag is adopted as the retaining walls 7, planting soil is filled between the retaining walls 7 and the second plant-growing bags 6 and is natural farming soil, a water storage tank 8 is buried in the planting soil, the top of the water storage tank 8 is communicated with a water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is not buried by the planting soil, a plurality of water absorbing cotton ropes 11 with the upper ends penetrating through the water storage tank 8 are inserted in the water storage tank 8, the lower ends of the water absorbing cotton ropes 11 are in contact with the bottom of the water storage tank, the water absorbing cotton ropes 11 can be directly arranged at plant roots in a dry soil layer, and vegetation, the vegetation 9 is shrub flowers and plants.
Aiming at the side slope 1 with few steps, large height difference and small catchment amount, the repairing method adopted for repairing the structure comprises the following steps:
s102, slope 1 processing: dangerous rocks and pumice stones on the slope surface of the side slope 1 are removed, small dangerous rocks or pumice stones are manually cleaned by picks, large dangerous rocks or pumice stones are broken and cleaned by blasting or manual pneumatic picks, and therefore the condition that the ecological restoration structure is damaged due to rock sliding is eliminated.
S104, net hanging processing: hanging and covering a whole steel wire mesh 3 on the slope 1 cleaned in the S102 from top to bottom, manufacturing the anchor 5 into a U shape, inserting and fixing the steel wire mesh 3 on the slope 1, overlapping the left side and the right side of the steel wire mesh 3, enabling the width of the overlapped part to be not less than 10cm, and planting vine plants 4 on the slope on the right side of the steel wire mesh 3;
s106, platform cleaning: leveling the bottom of the side slope 1 to form a platform, stacking a retaining wall 7 on the left side of the platform, arranging a third plant growth bag on the retaining wall 7, wherein the height of the retaining wall 7 is not less than 0.6m, covering the planting soil 0.1m between the right side of the retaining wall 7 and the bottom of the side slope, then arranging a water storage tank 8 on the planting soil and enabling a water inlet pipe on the water storage tank to be not buried by the planting soil, then drawing a water absorption cotton rope 11 penetrating through the water storage tank 8 to the planting soil at a drought place, and covering the planting soil around the water storage tank 8 and the water inlet pipe on the water storage tank (the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipe is not buried by the planting soil all the time), wherein the height of the planting soil is more than 0.6m, the inclination of the outward inclination or the inward inclination is at least 3%, planting vegetation 9 is planted on the planting soil, and the vegetation 9 can adopt shrub plants, turf; a second plant growth bag 6 is arranged on the planting soil on the right side of the platform.
S108, slope bottom treatment: filling nutrient soil in the plowing and planting soil between the second plant growth bag 6 and the bottom of the side slope 1 in the step S106, planting vine plants 4 on the nutrient soil, and stacking the first plant growth bag 2 on the nutrient soil in a manner of clinging to the bottom of the side slope 1, wherein the first plant growth bag 2 can prevent the problem that radial water on the upstream surface erodes the bottom of the side slope 1, so that the loss of nutrient components and soil in the nutrient soil is avoided, and planting vine plants 4 at the joint of the bottom of the side slope 1 and the platform of the step S106;
s110, slope top treatment: a first plant growth bag 2 is placed one meter from the top edge of the slope 1.
The first plant biological bag 2, the second plant biological bag 6 and the third plant biological bag are all filled with cultivation soil.
By the ecological structure and the restoration method thereof, rainwater can be utilized every 1hm2The land saves water resources by about 1.3 ten thousand tons/year and each 1hm2The land conservation greening maintenance cost is about 7 ten thousand yuan/year (the comprehensive unit price for maintaining 9 vegetation per square meter is about 0.6 yuan/month); the engineering cost of saving the water diversion pipeline and the spraying pipeline per 1km2 of the ecological restoration area side slope 1 is about 45 ten thousand yuan (the comprehensive unit price of the water diversion pipeline and the spraying pipeline is about 450 yuan/m); meanwhile, through engineering measures, water and soil loss is prevented, water supply and fertilizer fixation can be realized, the growth speed of the liana 4 in the same time is 1 time higher than that of the liana in the traditional method.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the difference between the embodiment and embodiment 1 is only that the embodiment is directed to a slope 1 with a large number of steps, a large height difference and a large catchment surface, the restoration structure in the embodiment is only provided with a cut-off drainage ditch 10, the cut-off drainage ditch 10 is arranged on the cultivated soil on the right side of the retaining wall 7, and drainage can be facilitated through the cut-off drainage ditch 10.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the retaining wall 7 adopts a gabion, the diameter of the stones filled in the gabion is 20cm-40cm, the stability of the retaining wall 7 can be enhanced by the gabion compared with a plant biological bag, and the landscape feeling of the gabion is better than that of the plant biological bag, so that the gabion is suitable for being used on and sidewalk two sides. For the gabion, a plurality of stones are usually left on the side slope, and if the retaining wall 7 adopts the gabion, the retaining wall 7 can be directly utilized, so that the manufacturing cost of the retaining wall 7 is reduced.
The foregoing are merely examples of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and/or features of the schemes has not been described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a surface mine abrupt slope ecological remediation structure which characterized in that: including the first plant biological bag that is located side slope top and bottom, two side slope upper berth between the first plant biological bag is equipped with wire net and liana, be equipped with the anchor between wire net and the side slope, the plant biological bag below of side slope bottom has laid nutrient soil, be equipped with liana on the nutrient soil, nutrient soil one side is equipped with the second plant biological bag, second plant biological bag one side interval is equipped with the barricade, it has the soil of planting to plough to fill between barricade and the second plant biological bag, it is equipped with the vegetation on the soil to plough to plant.
2. The surface mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: a water storage tank is arranged in the cultivation soil, and a water absorption cotton rope penetrates through the water storage tank.
3. The surface mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: one side of the cultivation soil is provided with a drainage ditch.
4. The surface mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: the steel wire mesh is a flexible galvanized steel wire mesh or a plastic-plated steel wire mesh, and the steel wire mesh is an integral body.
5. The surface mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure of claim 1, wherein: the retaining wall can adopt plant biological bags or gabions.
6. The surface mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the repair structure comprises the following repair method:
s102, slope processing: removing dangerous rocks and pumice on the slope surface of the side slope;
s104, net hanging processing: hanging a steel wire mesh on the slope cleaned in the step S102 from bottom to top, fixing the steel wire mesh on the slope by using an anchor, overlapping two sides of the steel wire mesh to enable the width of the steel wire mesh to be not less than 10cm, and planting vine plants on the slope on one side of the steel wire mesh;
s106, platform cleaning: leveling the bottom of the side slope to form a platform, stacking a retaining wall on the left side of the platform, wherein the height of the retaining wall is not less than 0.6m, filling cultivation soil between the platform on the right side of the retaining wall and the bottom of the side slope, placing a second plant growth bag on the cultivation soil on the right side of the platform, and planting vegetation on the cultivation soil between the retaining wall and the second plant growth bag;
s108, slope bottom treatment: filling nutrient soil in the plowing and planting soil between the second plant growth bag of the S106 and the bottom of the side slope, and placing the first plant growth bag and planting the vine on the nutrient soil;
s110, slope top treatment: a first plant biological bag is placed at the top of the side slope.
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CN202010534924.5A CN111593750A (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2020-06-12 | Surface mine abrupt slope ecological restoration structure and restoration method |
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CN113532208A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-22 | 安徽中金立华矿业工程有限公司 | Blasting construction method for mine slope restoration |
CN113796231A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-17 | 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司 | Buried ecological restoration module and open coal mine refuse dump vegetation reconstruction method |
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CN113796231A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-17 | 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司 | Buried ecological restoration module and open coal mine refuse dump vegetation reconstruction method |
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