CN116114524A - Method for storing weak seedlings and rejuvenating pear germplasm resources in different places - Google Patents

Method for storing weak seedlings and rejuvenating pear germplasm resources in different places Download PDF

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CN116114524A
CN116114524A CN202211489785.4A CN202211489785A CN116114524A CN 116114524 A CN116114524 A CN 116114524A CN 202211489785 A CN202211489785 A CN 202211489785A CN 116114524 A CN116114524 A CN 116114524A
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seedlings
weak
rejuvenation
root
years
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李永涛
王霞
许景伟
李伟波
夏永香
马丙尧
王清华
杜振宇
苏楠
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Shandong Academy of Forestry
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Shandong Academy of Forestry
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a weak seedling rejuvenation method for different-place preservation of pear germplasm resources, which comprises tree rejuvenation treatment, root system rejuvenation treatment and soil rejuvenation treatment, wherein the tree rejuvenation treatment method comprises the following steps: for 1-2 years, weak seedlings were grafted: 2-3 months, cutting from 10-15cm above grafting; for grafting weak seedlings for more than 3 years: weak seedlings with the chest diameter of 3-7cm are subjected to heavy shearing at branches in 2-3 months; weak seedlings with chest diameters above 7cm are slightly trimmed year by year; the root rejuvenation treatment method comprises the following steps: for 1-2 years of grafting weak seedlings with the ground diameter below 3cm, taking the trunk as the center to cut roots at the distance of 6-8 times of the ground diameters on the two sides of the row outwards in 2 months or 3 months; for weak seedlings with chest diameters of more than 3cm and more than 3 years, in 2-3 months, root breaking is performed at the chest diameters of 6-8 times of the two sides between rows outwards by taking the trunk as the center; for the seedlings with weak seedling rejuvenation difference after root breaking, the root system is quickly rejuvenated by a leaning method.

Description

Method for storing weak seedlings and rejuvenating pear germplasm resources in different places
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation and preservation of forest germplasm resources, and particularly relates to a weak seedling rejuvenation method for different-place preservation of a pear germplasm resource.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The Pyrus pyrifolia (Pyrus betulifolia) is a deciduous tree of the genus Pyrus of the family Rosaceae, has a wide distribution range, is produced in various provinces (areas) in the north, northeast and middle of China, is common in areas such as Ji, lu, yu, shaan, gangen and the like, is distributed in yellow river basin more, and is a native pear plant in China. The application of the compound fertilizer in the North China saline-alkali area is wider at present, and the compound fertilizer can be used as ecological protection forest tree species and park greening tree species. The pyrus ussuriensis is one of the most widely distributed wild species in China, and a batch of high-salt-resistance cold-resistance greening pyrus ussuriensis new varieties are created by developing and utilizing the high-quality wild resources, so that the pyrus ussuriensis has important significance in solving the prominent problems of main salt-resistance new germplasm deficiency and the like in China. However, the resource distribution range is wide, the habitat topography is complex, the difficulty in carrying out the preservation work of germplasm resources is high, weak seedlings and dead seedlings are increased after the resource preservation due to the difference between the original place of the resource and the environment of the different place preservation places in the preservation process, and the preservation rate is low. Mainly shows the phenomena of yellowing of plant leaves, increased withered branches, rotten roots, death and the like. At present, the research on the preservation of germplasm resources of the pyrus is less, and the research is mainly focused on the aspects of ancient tree germplasm resource investigation, resistance resource excavation, genetic diversity analysis and the like. However, research on improving the survival rate of the seedlings of the germplasm resources of the pyrus ussuriensis and rejuvenating weak seedlings has not been seen.
Aiming at the situation, the existing weak seedlings are removed or the weak seedlings die, then removed, and then new seedlings are planted in a supplementing mode in the conventional common treatment method. The treatment method is also applicable to conventional forestation, but is not applicable to construction of a germplasm resource offsite conservation library. First, heterogeneous collection resources are limited in number. Secondly, the supplementary planting cannot effectively solve the phenomena of weak seedlings and death of later-period resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for storing weak seedlings of pear germplasm resources in different places and rejuvenating the pear germplasm resources. On the basis of improving the growth rate of the different-place resources, the weak seedling rejuvenation rate is improved to more than 90%, the construction requirement of the different-place preservation library is practically met, and the method plays an important role in the construction of the forest germplasm resource library.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a weak seedling rejuvenation method for the long-distance preservation of pear germplasm resources, which comprises the steps of tree rejuvenation treatment, root rejuvenation treatment and soil rejuvenation treatment,
the method for rejuvenating the tree body comprises the following steps:
for 1-2 years, weak seedlings were grafted: 2 months or 3 months, cutting from 10-15cm above grafting;
for grafting weak seedlings for more than 3 years: weak seedlings with the chest diameter of 3-7cm are subjected to heavy shearing at branches in 2 months or 3 months, 2-4 branches are reserved, and the branch length is 15-20cm; weak seedlings with chest diameters above 7cm are slightly trimmed year by year;
the root rejuvenation treatment method comprises the following steps:
for 1-2 years of grafting weak seedlings with the ground diameter below 3cm, taking a trunk as a center to cut roots at the distance of 6-8 times of the ground diameters on two sides of a row outwards in 2 months or 3 months, and broadcasting endophyte root bacterial agents at the cut roots, wherein the depth of the cut roots is 15-25 cm;
for weak seedlings with chest diameters of more than 3cm and more than 3 years, taking trunks as centers to cut roots downwards at positions of 6-8 times of chest diameters on two sides of a row in 2 months or 3 months, wherein the depth of the root cutting is 20-40cm, and spreading endophyte root bacterial agents at the root cutting positions;
for seedlings with weak seedling rejuvenation difference after root breaking, realizing root system rapid rejuvenation by a leaning method;
the soil rejuvenation treatment method comprises the following steps of burying a plastic hose at a distance of 50-60cm from the periphery of a trunk, filling small holes on the wall of the plastic hose, and exposing the top end of the hose to 5-10cm from the ground.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of weak seedling assessment, wherein the method for weak seedling assessment comprises the following steps: phenotype observation is carried out on the pear resources in the pear germplasm resources off-site preservation nursery for 1-3 years, and the bad pear seedlings after off-site preservation are marked by comparing the robust pear resources preserved in situ.
Preferably, the phenotypically observed indicators include tree height, breast diameter, germination power, shoot or leaf health.
Preferably, the poor-growing pear seedlings comprise dying plants, slow-growing plants, dry-off branches and yellow leaves.
In some embodiments, in the tree rejuvenation treatment method, when the 1-2 year grafted weak seedlings are cut in a short way, pruning shears are adopted to cut the weak seedlings obliquely from bottom to top to form an inverted horseshoe shape. Easy healing of the incision. The weak seedlings are subjected to short cutting, so that the consumption of nutrients and moisture by weak seedling branches can be reduced, and new branches can be promoted to sprout.
In some embodiments, weak seedlings with a chest diameter above 7cm are lightly pruned year by year on the principle that: the dried branches are removed completely, weak branches in the current year are not cut, strong branches are fixed before and after autumn, useless branches are removed, and spare branches are left.
In some embodiments, for 1-2 years of grafting weak seedlings with the ground diameter below 3cm, 100-200g of endophyte root microbial inoculum is uniformly spread at the root breaking position of each weak seedling.
In some embodiments, 300-500g endophyte root microbial inoculum is evenly spread at the root-breaking position of each weak seedling for the weak seedlings with the chest diameter of more than 3cm for more than 3 years. Through root breaking and microbial inoculum spreading, the growth of new roots is promoted, the root area is enlarged, and the activity and nutrient absorption capacity of the root system are improved.
In some embodiments, for the seedlings with weak seedling rejuvenation difference after root breaking, the method for realizing root system rapid rejuvenation by the abutment method comprises the following steps:
planting 1-3 in-situ cultivated seedlings of the same species of pyrus pyrifolia at a position 60-100cm away from the trunk of the weak seedling, after the seedlings are vigorously produced, leaning the seedlings against the trunk of the weak seedling in 5 months or 6 months, cutting the upper end of the seedlings into a flat wedge shape with a slope of 50-60 degrees, cutting a notch at a corresponding position of the trunk of the weak seedling, leaning the notches of the two seedlings, aligning the cambium, and binding and fixing the two.
The stay cord is adopted for fixing, so that the tearing of the junction part of the anvil and the spike caused by wind folding is prevented. After grafting survival, weak seedlings can form new water and nutrient transportation channels through root systems of the seedlings.
Preferably, the depth of the incision on the trunk of the seedling is 1/3-1/2 of the diameter of the weak seedling.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the small hole formed in the plastic hose is 1-2cm, the burying depth of the hose is 80-100cm, and the top end of the hose is exposed to 5-10cm of the ground. To increase the aeration and water permeability of the soil.
In some embodiments, the soil rejuvenation treatment method further comprises the steps of digging an annular pit with the width of 10-15cm and the depth of 20-30cm near the drip line of the crown of the young pear tree below 5 years, and applying 150-200g of microbial fertilizer in the annular pit.
In some embodiments, in the soil rejuvenation treatment method, for the young pear trees of more than 5 years, 3-4 radial furrows are dug along the burying direction of the plastic hose to the drip line of the crown, microbial fertilizer is applied in the furrows, 600-1000g of microbial fertilizer is applied to each tree, and the furrows are backfilled after soil is mixed and fertilizer is applied. The interaction relation between root system and microbe and soil is established, so that the effects of improving soil fertility and improving soil aggregate structure are achieved.
The hose is vertically buried, a line is formed by two points of the trunk and the buried pipe, and a radial ditch is dug according to the line.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of irrigating, loosening soil, weeding, pruning, fertilizing and pest control the weak seedlings of the pyrus.
Preferably, the fertilization adopts liquid levelSpraying fertilizer and root dressing fertilizer are alternately performed, and the foliar spraying fertilizer adopts KNO with the concentration of 0.5-1% 3 Spraying for 1-2 times in a growing period each month;
the root topdressing adopts urea, and 80-100g of urea is applied to each plant of young tree of 1-3 years; 150-200g of seedlings are applied to each plant over 4 years, and irrigation or precipitation is combined to carry out topdressing for 2-3 times in the growing period. So as to meet the nutrient requirements of weak seedlings in the growth period.
The beneficial effects achieved by one or more embodiments of the present invention described above are as follows:
aiming at the outstanding problems of large difficulty in remote preservation of germplasm resources of the pyrus ussuriensis, more weak seedlings, slow seedling formation, high later death rate and the like, the invention provides a method for remote preservation of the germplasm resources of the pyrus ussuriensis and application thereof. The method remarkably reduces death rate of weak seedlings and improves resource conservation rate. The weak seedling rejuvenation rate is improved to more than 90% on the basis of further improving the growth quality of the long-distance preserved pear resources by the technologies of tree rejuvenation treatment, root rejuvenation treatment, soil rejuvenation treatment and the like, so that the construction requirements of long-distance preserved libraries are practically met, the outstanding phenomena of large long-distance preserved pear germplasm resources, multiple weak seedlings, high death rate and the like are effectively solved, and the method has good practical application value.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a field operation diagram of a weak seedling rejuvenation method for remote preservation of germplasm resources of a Dunaliella tertiolecta fruit according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a circular groove for a method for restoring weak seedlings by using the germplasm resources of the Dunaliella tertiolecta of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
The test is carried out in a resource nursery for the different-place conservation of the Du pears in the forest sciences, the used test materials are 34 strains of the Du pears, the average of the test materials is divided into two groups, 17 strains of each group, the first group is an experimental group, the second group is a control group, and the resources are from Shangqiu Ning Ling county in Henan province of Henan province.
In the first group, 7 weak seedlings of 1-2 years old (ground diameter is less than 3 cm), 6 weak seedlings of 3 years old and 4 birthwort of 7 years old;
in the second group, 7 weak seedlings of 1-2 years old (ground diameter is less than 3 cm), 6 weak seedlings of 3 years old and 4 birthwort plants of 7 years old.
The weak seedling rejuvenation was performed in the test group using the following method:
a method for restoring and strengthening weak seedlings of pear germplasm resources in different places comprises the following steps:
(1) Weak seedling assessment: the phenotype observation is carried out on the pear resources in the pear germplasm resources different-place preservation nursery for 1-3 years, and the observation content mainly comprises indexes such as tree height, breast diameter, germination capacity, branch, leaf health degree and the like. By comparing the in-situ preserved robust pear resources, the bad pear resources such as dying, slow growth, dry branches, yellow leaves and the like of the plant which is preserved in different places are marked.
(2) And (3) rejuvenating the tree body: and selectively rejuvenating the tree body according to the grafting age and the seedling size of the pear resources stored in different places.
(1) Weak seedlings (including branch grafting and bud grafting) are grafted for 1-2 years, germplasm resource seedlings with the ground diameter below 3cm can be subjected to chopping from a position 10-15cm above the grafting position for 2-3 months, so that the consumption of nutrients and moisture by weak seedling branches is reduced, and new branches are promoted to sprout. When in cutting, the pruning shears are adopted to cut into an inverted horseshoe shape from bottom to top, so that the cut is easy to heal.
(2) Grafting weak seedlings over 3 years, wherein the seedlings with the chest diameter of over 3cm are mainly trimmed, the resources with the chest diameter of 3-7cm can be trimmed at branches for 2-3 months, 2-4 branches are reserved, and the branch length is controlled to be 15-20cm; the breast diameter is above 7cm, the method mainly comprises slightly pruning the breast diameter year by year, and is carried out according to the principle that' all the dried branches are removed, weak branches are not pruned in the current year, branches are fixed before and after the autumn, useless branches are removed, and spare branches are left.
(3) Root rejuvenation treatment:
(1) weak seedlings are grafted for 1-2 years with the ground diameter below 3cm, root cutting is carried out by taking the trunk as the center and taking the distance between the two sides of the row to be 15-25cm downwards in 2 months to 3 months, and 100-200g of endophyte root bacterial agent is evenly spread at the root cutting position.
(2) Weak seedlings with the chest diameter of more than 3cm and more than 3 years are subjected to root cutting by taking the trunk as the center and taking the parts between two rows and 6-8 times of chest downwards by 20-40cm in 2 months to 3 months, and 300-500g of endophyte root bacterial agent is uniformly spread at the root cutting parts. Through root breaking and microbial inoculum spreading, the growth of new roots is promoted, the root area is enlarged, and the activity and nutrient absorption capacity of the root system are improved.
(3) The method comprises the steps of planting 1-3 identical-species pear seedlings grown and strengthened in situ at a position 60-100cm away from the trunk of the weak seedling, obliquely leaning the seedlings against the trunk of the pear resources for 5-6 months after the seedlings grow vigorously, cutting the upper ends of the seedlings into a flat wedge shape, cutting similar cuts on the weak seedling, and cutting the cut cuts deeper than the cut cuts by 1/3 to 1/2 of the diameter of the trunk, abutting the two seedling cuts, aligning the cortex to enable the cambiums of the seedlings to be combined with each other, binding the cambiums by using a film, and fixing the seedlings by using a pull rope to prevent the cutting of an anvil ear joint part caused by wind folding. After grafting survival, weak seedlings can form new water and nutrient transportation channels through root systems of the seedlings.
(4) And (3) soil rejuvenation treatment: firstly, taking a trunk as a center, burying 3-4 plastic hoses with diameters of 2-3cm in different directions around the trunk 50-60cm, and filling small holes with diameters of 1-2mm around the pipe wall, wherein the burying depth of the hoses is 80-100cm, and the top ends of the hoses are exposed out of the ground 5-10cm, so that the ventilation and water permeability of soil is improved. And digging an annular pit with the width of 10-15cm and the depth of 20-30cm near the drip line of the crown of the pear sapling tree for less than 5 years, applying microbial fertilizer to the annular pit, and applying 150-200g of microbial fertilizer to each seedling. Digging 3-4 radial furrows with the width of 10-15cm and the depth of 30-40cm along the burying direction of the plastic hose to the position of the drip line of the crown for more than 5 years, applying microbial fertilizer to the radial furrows of the adult tree, applying 600-1000g per plant, and backfilling the furrows after soil mixing, thereby establishing the interaction relation between root system and microorganism and soil, and achieving the effects of improving soil fertility and improving soil aggregate structure.
(5) And (3) tending management, namely irrigation, soil loosening, weeding, pruning and pest control are carried out according to conventional nursery stock tending management measures. The fertilizer application is carried out alternately by foliar fertilizer application and root topdressing, wherein the foliar fertilizer application adopts KNO with concentration of 0.8% 3 Spraying for 1-2 times in the growth period each month to supplement nutrition, promote photosynthesis and improve stress resistance of tree. The root topdressing adopts urea, and each plant of the young tree with 1-3 years old is applied with 80-100g, and each plant of the seedling with more than 4 years old is applied with 150-200g, and irrigation or precipitation is combined for topdressing 2-3 times in the growing period, so as to meet the requirement of the weak seedling growth period on nutrients.
The control group adopts a conventional management method to rejuvenate weak seedlings:
the conventional management method comprises the following steps: mainly comprises intertillage weeding, fertilization, irrigation, pruning and pest control. The weeding is carried out on the forest land regularly every 6-9 months, and the weeding can be carried out by combining manual weeding with chemical weeding, wherein the depth of the cultivation is preferably 10-15 cm; urea is topdressing 4-5 months and 7-8 months each year; pruning mainly cuts off thin and weak branches and diseased and withered branches. The chemical control is mainly used for pest control, and the pest and disease control is mainly used for 5-9 months, so that the pest and disease control can be performed simultaneously, and the spraying times are reduced.
The rejuvenation rate and the death rate of the pear resources are measured by adopting the rejuvenation method and the conventional management method.
The rejuvenation plants of the test group are 16, the death rate is 94% and the death rate is 6%;
the number of rejuvenation plants in the control group is 7, the death rate is 10, the rejuvenation rate is 41% and the death rate is 59%.
According to the method, the average rejuvenation rate of germplasm resources reaches 94%, and the death rate is reduced to 6%; the average rejuvenation rate of the conventional management method (control) reaches 41% and the death rate reaches 59%, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Treatment of Rejuvenation rate Mortality rate of
Example 1 94％ 6％
Conventional management methods (control) 41％ 59％
Example 2
The rejuvenation treatment of the tree body is respectively carried out by using different-place preservation resources of 1-2 years old (ground diameter is less than 3 cm), 3 years old (breast diameter is more than 3 cm) and 7 years old (breast diameter is more than 7 cm). The rejuvenation rate and the death rate of the pear resources of different ages are measured through different pruning comparison tests.
The 1-year-old pear is grafted with 30 weak seedlings, and the ground diameter is 1.27cm on average; 2-year-old pear grafting weak seedlings are 20, and the ground diameter is 2.84cm; the 3-year-old pear is grafted with 15 weak seedlings, and the ground diameter is 3.62cm; the 7-year-old birthday pear is grafted with 12 weak seedlings, and the ground diameter is 7.41cm.
The rejuvenation method comprises the following steps:
the rejuvenation method for grafting weak seedlings of 1-year-old pyrus pyrifolia comprises the following steps:
1) Rejuvenating the tree body: cutting off from the position 10cm above the grafting position for 2-3 months;
2) Rejuvenating the root system: taking trunks as the center, cutting roots downwards 15cm from the distance between the two sides of the rows by 6 times, and uniformly spreading 100g of endophyte root bacterial agent at the cutting roots for 2 months to 3 months; and (3) soil rejuvenation treatment: firstly, taking a trunk as a center, burying 3 plastic hoses with diameters of 2cm in different directions around the trunk 50cm, and filling small holes with diameters of 1mm around the pipe wall, wherein the burying depth of the hoses is 80cm, and the top ends of the hoses are exposed out of the ground for 5cm, so that the ventilation and water permeability of soil is improved. An annular pit with the width of 10cm and the depth of 20cm is dug near the water dripping line of the crown, and microbial fertilizer is applied to the annular pit, wherein 150g of microbial fertilizer is applied to each pit.
The rejuvenation method for grafting weak seedlings of 2-year-old pyrus ussuriensis maxim comprises the following steps:
1) Rejuvenating the tree body: cutting off 15cm above the grafting position for 2-3 months;
2) Rejuvenating the root system: taking a trunk as a center, cutting roots downwards by 25cm at the positions 8 times of ground diameter distances between the two sides of the rows for 2-3 months, and uniformly spreading 200g of endophyte root bacterial agent at the positions of cutting roots;
3) And (3) soil rejuvenation treatment: firstly, taking a trunk as the center, burying 3 plastic hoses with the diameter of 3cm in different directions around the trunk at the distance of 60cm, and filling small holes with the diameter of 2mm around the pipe wall, wherein the burying depth of the hoses is 100cm, and the top ends of the hoses are exposed out of the ground for 10cm, so that the ventilation and water permeability of soil is improved. An annular pit with the width of 15cm and the depth of 30cm is dug near the water dripping line of the crown, and microbial fertilizer is applied to the annular pit, wherein 200g of microbial fertilizer is applied to each pit.
The rejuvenation method for grafting weak seedlings of 3-year-old pyrus pyrifolia comprises the following steps:
1) Rejuvenating the tree body: the method can be used for cutting branches again in 2-3 months, 2 branches are reserved, and the branch length is controlled to be 15cm.
2) Rejuvenating the root system: taking trunks as the center, cutting roots downwards by 25cm at two 6 times chest positions between rows for 2 months to 3 months, and uniformly broadcasting 300g of endophyte root bacterial agent at the root cutting positions;
3) And (3) soil rejuvenation treatment: taking a trunk as a center, burying 3 plastic hoses with diameters of 2cm in different directions around the trunk at a distance of 60cm, and filling small holes with diameters of 2mm around the pipe wall, wherein the burying depth of the hoses is 100cm, and the top ends of the hoses are exposed out of the ground for 10cm so as to increase the ventilation and water permeability of soil. Next, an annular pit with a width of 15cm and a depth of 30cm was dug near the drip line of the crown, and microbial fertilizer was applied to the annular pit, 200g each.
The rejuvenation method for grafting weak seedlings of 7-year-old pyrus ussuriensis maxim comprises the following steps:
1) Rejuvenating the tree body: the method mainly comprises the steps of slightly pruning year by year, and carrying out the steps of removing all dead branches, not pruning weak branches in the same year, fixing branches before and after autumn, removing useless branches and leaving enough spare branches.
2) Rejuvenating the root system: and (3) taking the trunk as the center and taking the trunk as the center, cutting roots downwards 40cm at the positions of two 8 times of chest between rows, and uniformly spreading 500g of endophyte root bacterial agent at the positions of cutting roots. The weak seedling rejuvenation effect is poor, the root system can be quickly rejuvenated by a leaning method, 1 plant of the same species of pear seedling in-situ cultivated in a position 600cm away from the trunk of the weak seedling is planted, after the seedling grows vigorously, the seedling is inclined against the trunk of the pear resource for 5-6 months, the inclination is 50 degrees, the upper end of the seedling is cut into a flat wedge shape, meanwhile, a similar incision is cut on the weak seedling, the depth is 1/3 of the dry diameter, then the two seedling incisions are leaning against each other, the layers of the two seedling incisions are aligned with the cortex to enable the cambiums to be mutually combined, the binding of the cambiums is well achieved by using a film, and meanwhile, the guy rope is adopted for fixation, so that the tearing of an anvil ear joint caused by wind folding is prevented.
3) And (3) soil rejuvenation treatment: taking a trunk as a center, burying 4 plastic hoses with the diameter of 3cm in different directions around the trunk at the distance of 60cm, and filling small holes with the diameter of 2mm around the pipe wall, wherein the burying depth of the hoses is 100cm, and the top ends of the hoses are exposed out of the ground for 10cm so as to increase the ventilation and water permeability of soil. Then, digging 3 radial furrows with the width of 10cm and the depth of 30cm along the burying direction of the plastic hose to the water dripping line of the crown, applying microbial fertilizer to the radial furrows of the adult tree, applying 600g each, and backfilling the furrows after soil mixing.
By adopting the rejuvenation method, the 1-year nursery stock rejuvenates 29, the death rate is 1, the rejuvenation rate is 96.7 percent, and the death rate is 3.3 percent;
2-year seedlings are rejuvenated 19, 1 seedling is dead, the rejuvenation rate reaches 95%, and the death rate is 5%;
the seedlings grown in 3 years (with the chest diameter more than 3 cm) are rejuvenated for 14 seedlings, 1 seedling is dead, the rejuvenation rate reaches 93.3%, and the death rate is 6.7%;
the 7-year-old (chest diameter > 7 cm) pear resources are rejuvenated 11 by slightly pruning each year, 1 pear is dead, the rejuvenation rate reaches 91.7%, and the death rate is 8.3%, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Treatment of Rejuvenation rate Mortality rate of
1 year life 96.7％ 3.3％
2 years of life 95％ 5％
3 years of life 93.3％ 6.7％
7 years of life 91.7％ 8.3％
Example 3
The root rejuvenation treatment is respectively carried out by adopting different-place conservation resources of 1-2 years old (ground diameter is less than 3 cm) and 3 years old (breast diameter is more than 3 cm) adopted by the patent. The rejuvenation rate and death rate of the different forest-age birch-leaf pear resources were measured by using 3 comparative tests of root-cutting (chest) diameter alone 6-8 times, shan Shina mycorrhizal inoculant and the two in combination, and the results are shown in Table 3.
The 1-year-old pear grafting weak seedling has 40 seedlings, and the ground diameter is 1.43cm on average; 2-year-old pear grafting weak seedlings 40 plants, wherein the ground diameter is 2.72cm; the 3-year-old pear is grafted with 40 weak seedlings, and the ground diameter is 3.71cm. Dividing the grafted weak seedlings of the 1-year-old, 2-year-old and 3-year-old birthday pears into 4 groups respectively, wherein the 4 groups are an experimental group, a first control group, a second control group and a third control group respectively;
the rejuvenation method of the experimental group was the same as that of the experimental group in example 1; in the rejuvenation method of the first control group, root system rejuvenation treatment is only root breaking treatment, and endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent is not spread; in the rejuvenation method of the second control group, root rejuvenation treatment is to apply endophyte root microbial inoculum and to continue root cutting treatment; the rejuvenation method of the third control group employed the conventional management method in example 1.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Figure BDA0003964455550000131
Figure BDA0003964455550000141
Example 4
Soil rejuvenation treatment is carried out by adopting germplasm resources below 5 years (3 years) and above 5 years (7 years) adopted by the patent respectively.
The rejuvenation rate and death rate of the pear resources of different ages were measured by various comparative tests such as embedding the hose, not embedding the hose, digging the annular groove, digging the radial groove, digging the groove and the microbial fertilizer, and the results are shown in table 4.
80 seedlings of the 3-year-old pyrus ussuriensis are grafted, and the average ground diameter is 3.48cm; the average ground diameter of 80 seedlings of 7-year-old birthday pear is 7.28cm.
Dividing the grafted weak seedlings of the 3-year-old pyrus ussuriensis into 4 groups, namely an experimental group, a first control group, a second control group and a third control group;
the experimental group was conducted using the rejuvenation method in example 2; the first control group is not embedded with a plastic hose and only digs an annular pit;
the second control group is not embedded with a plastic hose, an annular pit is dug, and microbial fertilizer is applied;
the third control group is only embedded with plastic hose, no ring pit is dug, and no biological bacterial fertilizer is applied.
Dividing the 7-year-old pear grafted weak seedlings into 4 groups, namely an experimental group, a first control group, a second control group and a third control group;
the experimental group was conducted using the rejuvenation method in example 2;
the first control group is not embedded with a plastic hose and only digs radial strip grooves;
the second control group is not embedded with plastic hose, radial furrows are dug, and microbial fertilizer is applied in the furrows;
the third control group is embedded with a plastic hose without digging radial grooves.
TABLE 6
Figure BDA0003964455550000151
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preserving weak seedlings and rejuvenating pear germplasm resources in different places is characterized in that: comprises the steps of tree rejuvenation treatment, root rejuvenation treatment and soil rejuvenation treatment, wherein,
the method for rejuvenating the tree body comprises the following steps:
for 1-2 years, weak seedlings were grafted: 2 months or 3 months, cutting from 10-15cm above grafting;
for grafting weak seedlings for more than 3 years: weak seedlings with the chest diameter of 3-7cm are subjected to heavy shearing at branches in 2 months or 3 months, 2-4 branches are reserved, and the branch length is 15-20cm; weak seedlings with chest diameters above 7cm are slightly trimmed year by year;
the root rejuvenation treatment method comprises the following steps:
for 1-2 years of grafting weak seedlings with the ground diameter below 3cm, taking a trunk as a center to cut roots at the distance of 6-8 times of the ground diameters on two sides of a row outwards in 2 months or 3 months, and broadcasting endophyte root bacterial agents at the cut roots, wherein the depth of the cut roots is 15-25 cm;
for weak seedlings with chest diameters of more than 3cm and more than 3 years, taking trunks as centers to cut roots downwards at positions of 6-8 times of chest diameters on two sides of a row in 2 months or 3 months, wherein the depth of the root cutting is 20-40cm, and spreading endophyte root bacterial agents at the root cutting positions;
for seedlings with weak seedling rejuvenation difference after root breaking, realizing root system rapid rejuvenation by a leaning method;
the soil rejuvenation treatment method comprises the following steps of burying a plastic hose at a distance of 50-60cm from the periphery of a trunk, filling small holes on the wall of the plastic hose, and exposing the top end of the hose to 5-10cm from the ground.
2. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method also comprises the step of weak seedling evaluation, wherein the method for weak seedling evaluation comprises the following steps: phenotype observation is carried out on the pear resources in the pear germplasm resources off-site preservation nursery for 1-3 years continuously, and the pear seedlings with poor growth after off-site preservation are marked by comparing the robust pear resources preserved on-site;
the phenotypically observed indicators include tree height, breast diameter, germination capacity, shoot or leaf health.
3. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the tree rejuvenation treatment method, when the weak seedlings grafted for 1-2 years are cut in a short way, pruning scissors are adopted to obliquely cut the weak seedlings into an inverted horseshoe shape from bottom to top.
4. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: for the 1-2 years grafted weak seedlings with the ground diameter below 3cm, 100-200g of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi agent is uniformly spread at the root breaking position of each weak seedling.
5. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: for weak seedlings with the chest diameter of more than 3cm for more than 3 years, 300-500g of endophyte root microbial inoculum is uniformly spread at the root breaking position of each weak seedling.
6. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: for the seedlings with weak seedling rejuvenation difference after root breaking, the method for realizing root system rapid rejuvenation by the abutting method comprises the following steps:
planting 1-3 in-situ cultivated seedlings of the same species of pyrus pyrifolia at a position 60-100cm away from the trunk of the weak seedling, after the seedlings are produced vigorously, leaning the seedlings against the trunk of the weak seedling in 5 months or 6 months, cutting the upper end of the seedlings into a flat wedge shape with a slope of 50-60 DEG, cutting a notch at a corresponding position of the trunk of the weak seedling, leaning the notches of the two seedlings, aligning the cambium, and binding and fixing the two;
preferably, the depth of the incision on the trunk of the seedling is 1/3-1/2 of the diameter of the weak seedling.
7. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the small hole formed on the plastic hose is 1-2cm, the burying depth of the hose is 80-100cm, and the top end of the hose is exposed out of the ground by 5-10cm.
8. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the soil rejuvenation treatment method, for the young pear trees below 5 years, the method further comprises the steps of digging annular pits with the width of 10-15cm and the depth of 20-30cm near the water dripping line of the crowns of the young pear trees, and applying 150-200g of microbial fertilizer in the annular pits.
9. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the soil rejuvenation treatment method, for the young trees of the pears above 5 years, 3-4 radial furrows are dug along the burying direction of the plastic hose to the positions of the water dripping lines of the crowns, the width of each furrow is 10-15cm, the depth of each furrow is 30-40cm, microbial bacterial manure is applied in each furrow, 600-1000g of each tree is applied, and the furrows are backfilled after soil is mixed and fertilized.
10. The method for the rejuvenation of the weak seedlings preserved in different places by the germplasm resources of the pyrus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method also comprises the steps of irrigation, soil loosening, weeding, pruning, fertilization and pest control on weak seedlings of the pyrus pyrifolia;
the fertilization adopts liquid surface fertilization and root topdressing to alternately carry out, and the foliar fertilization adopts KNO with the concentration of 0.5% -1% 3 Spraying for 1-2 times in a growing period each month;
the root topdressing adopts urea, and 80-100g of urea is applied to each plant of young tree of 1-3 years; 150-200g of seedlings are applied to each plant over 4 years, and irrigation or precipitation is combined to carry out topdressing for 2-3 times in the growing period.
CN202211489785.4A 2022-11-25 2022-11-25 Method for storing weak seedlings and rejuvenating pear germplasm resources in different places Pending CN116114524A (en)

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