CN101473754A - Cultivation method for preventing damage of successive crop - Google Patents
Cultivation method for preventing damage of successive crop Download PDFInfo
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- CN101473754A CN101473754A CNA2009100773032A CN200910077303A CN101473754A CN 101473754 A CN101473754 A CN 101473754A CN A2009100773032 A CNA2009100773032 A CN A2009100773032A CN 200910077303 A CN200910077303 A CN 200910077303A CN 101473754 A CN101473754 A CN 101473754A
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Abstract
The invention relates to 'a cultivation method for preventing continuous cropping hazard', and belongs to the agriculture field. The cultivation method for preventing the continuous cropping hazard comprises two steps which are digging a plant hole and planting a plant, and a separation material is laid on the side wall and the bottom of the plant hole for confining plant roots in the plant hole before planting the plant. The root growth and the root field environment of the plant are effectively controlled, which causes the root system to grow in a controlled area in the lifetime and not extend out to pollute other soil, another plant is planted in the nearby pollution-free soil when changing crops, the former cultivation place is vacant, thus achieving the effects of rotating crops in a small range and preventing the continuous cropping hazard. The method has the advantages of less manpower and material investment, strong operability and no environmental pollution, can maintain sustainable soil utilization, is applicable to most plants, and especially has application value for crops which have rotation difficulties such as fruit trees and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture field, particularly relate to a kind of cultivation method of preventing damage of successive crop.
Background technology
Damage of successive crop: claim to avoid ground phenomenon, continuous cropping obstacle again, finger repeats continuously in the plantation of same plot with a kind of tree or crops, because the materials such as alkaloid of plant root secretion make soil compaction, the plant root tissue with germ to the pollution of soil, make next batch plant phenomenons such as retarded growth, disease are serious, the low not even result of fruit quality occur.When mainly showing more new varieties on fruit tree, as utilize old orchard to build the garden again, planting survival rate is very low, and the fruit tree that survives is undergrowth also, and to show as plant short and small more, and it is weak to grow, and it is few to send out branch, newly short slightly; Little and the chlorosis of blade, fallen leaves are early; Root system development is undesired, and the result is few, yields poorly, and fruit quality is poor, and resistance reduces; Disease is serious, tree vigo(u)r early ageing, and economic benefit is extremely low.Peach continuous cropping disease is a most serious disease of harm in the northern deciduous.If in the old peach garden of digging, plant peach once more, often catch at shadows.The peach of planting, Sheng Xingen not substantially takes out living shoot on the nursery stock then, and is generally all extremely short, majority is promptly withered then.
For the control of damage of successive crop, produce the main measures such as chemical control, field integrated management control, biological control, resistant variety cultivation, efficent rotation intercropping of adopting of going up at present.Chemical control refers to by the applied chemistry medicament soil treatment, reach the control damage of successive crop, the residue of pesticide problem that chemical control brings, to the destruction of ball ecological environment, it can not large tracts of land be promoted to the shortcomings such as destruction of the sustainable use ability in soil, be not the long-term plan of control damage of successive crop; Field integrated management control mainly finger is operated by some farming and is prevented and treated the harm of continuous cropping to plant itself, but the amount of labour is big, and As time goes on, the rotten root of the residual different year of meeting in the soil still can cause the similar disaster influence of damage of successive crop.Biological control refers to reduce pathogen quantity or weaken the pathogenic vigor of cause of disease by one or more biologies except that the people, thereby reduce the harm of pathogen, in recent years, also expose the problem of short, aspect such as field control effect is undesirable of some single antagonistic microbe preventive effect duration, remained further research and inquiring into; Resistant variety is cultivated and to be meant that the improved seeds and the stock that have an anti-continuous cropping by seed selection reduce the harm of continuous cropping to plant production, and the one, select the fruit nursery stock of stock resistance, the 2nd, change tree (product) kind.Yet because most of fruit trees are the perennial woody fruit tree, growth cycle is long, the genetic background complexity, and the breed breeding difficulty implements also relatively difficulty.Wherein crop rotation, intercropping method are more scientific and reasonable, effect is also more satisfactory, but for fruit growing, because fruit tree is strict to regional climate, its suitableeest cultivation area is very limited, and fruit tree is unlike crops, the crop rotation method of changing the plot cost that operates is high, lose more than gain, carry out traditional crop rotation intercropping meeting and seriously undermine the fruit deliverability, cause rise in price significantly.
In sum, existing these anti-continuous cropping methods exist certain restriction and defective separately, all do not have to solve damage of successive crop efficiently and safely, and the fruit quality and yield that the damage of successive crop that China's fruit growing at present faces brings descends, depend on present situation urgent need solutions such as agricultural chemicals unduly, otherwise will cause a series of vicious circles such as soil deterioration, environmental pollution, fruit rise in price, problem can more and more be difficult to solve.
Summary of the invention
There is the present situation of preventing and treating the damage of successive crop difficulty in the present invention according to present crops, particularly horticultural crop, and a kind of cultivation method of preventing damage of successive crop is provided, and is workable, and anti-continuous cropping is remarkably productive, is fit to China's cultivated land resource present situation.
A kind of cultivation method of preventing damage of successive crop comprises and digs kind of a plant hole, plants into two steps of plant, describedly spreads the isolated material that plant roots can be isolated from kind of the plant hole in the sidewall and the bottom of kind of plant hole before planting plant.
Described isolated material is stone sand, brick, tile, cement plate, micropore chemical fibre plate and nonwoven.
The isolated material that shop, described kind of plant hole bottom is gone into is stone sand, brick, tile, cement plate, micropore chemical fibre plate and or nonwoven.
Described kind of plant hole sidewall spread into isolated material be cement plate, micropore chemical fibre plate and or nonwoven.
Non-degradable nonwoven in described nonwoven refers to from plant planting to the change of crops time limit.
Described nonwoven is the G2200BK nonwoven that Japanese TORAY company produces.
Described kind of plant hole can be a hole or a plantation ditch.
Plant covering with plastic film behind the plant in the described plantation ditch.
Described plant into plant refer to seed, breeding rhizome, seedling or the ripe transplanting plant of crops, horticultural crop.
Cultivation method of the present invention digs a kind plant hole (Fig. 1) earlier, the kind plant hole spatial volume that is dug is decided according to planting into the required space of the adult root system of plant, on the bottom of kind of plant hole and sidewall, spread isolated material, after planting plant, isolated material can be limited in the plant root that growth is got up in kind of the plant hole always, be that main root or tiny fibrous root can not be stretched in the soil of cave exterior domain (Fig. 1), do not pollute cave exterior domain soil to guarantee plant root secretion, the germ of carrying and agricultural chemicals; Simultaneously, also prevent the rhizosphere scope of the damage by disease and insect intrusion thing of planting in the soil; When changing crops, only need to open kind of a plant hole influence of stubble plant before just avoiding fully at the cave exterior domain.And can lie fallow in preceding stubble plant kind plant hole zone, carry out back chipping artificially, operation such as plough deeply, utilize the solar radiation sterilization to remove poison, and the fallen leaves shedding of following stubble plant etc. are as bio-fertilizer, make its self-recovery soil fertility gradually, in addition, owing to execute liquid manure, back chipping, it is very clear and definite the purpose zone such as to plough deeply, therefore drop into the material resources labour and reduce greatly, particularly can be in determining the zone thorough back chipping, so the plant root is seldom residual, can not grow up accumulation and weaken the self-recovery ability of soil, so benign cycle, the grain yield of the cardinal task of both having guaranteed to involve the interests of the state and the people does not descend, and has realized agricultural sustainable development again.Particularly for the small peasant economy area of having a large population and a few land, but use this cultivation method just can walk out the predicament that the limited crop rotation of land resources zone is little, the soil rehabilitation time is short, sustainable development is difficult.
Cultivation method of the present invention, the isolated material that is adopted are optionally, such as materials such as stone sand, brick, tile, cement plate, micropore chemical fibre plate and/or nonwoven.The present invention adopts in stone sand, tile, plank, cement plate, the nonwoven one or several to use with when the bottom surface of transad plant hole more, and when the sidewall of cover plant plant hole, then uses cement plate, micropore chemical fibre plate and nonwoven ratio to be easier to implement.Be convenient to cleaning kind of plant hole when considering the change of crop in rotation, preferred microporous chemical fibre plate of the present invention and/or nonwoven.During the nonwoven of above-mentioned indication is meant from plant seeding to the change of crops, root system of plant can be isolated in tightly in kind of the plant hole to prevent that root system from polluting the nonwoven of cave exterior domain soil, at the length of the growth periods of different plants, can use nonwoven slow degraded or that do not degrade.
The most preferred isolated material of the present invention is the G2200BK nonwoven that Japanese TORAY company produces.Be more than 10 years the service life of this nonwoven, is longer than most of fruit tree plant service life from planting to the time limit of changing crops, and this nonwoven guarantees that plant root ventilative water permeability is good, and the root of plant can not puncture it, and is non-degradable before plant is changed crops.And reasonable price, environmentally safe is easy to cleaning.
Cultivation method of the present invention, the kind plant hole of being opened can be a ditch or a hole, for the crops of plantlet, be suitable for the trench digging plantation, therefore, in ditch, spread isolated material and get final product, during next batch between ditch pollution-free area plantation get final product, reach the effect that continuous cropping is prevented in crop rotation with this; For raising fruit trees, cause and effect tree tree type is bigger, perennial, need reserve bigger cave spacing, so single kind of the plant hole of opening, and then spreads isolated material at kind of plant hole inwall and bottom.When resistant to elevated temperatures vegetables or during flowers of short season of plantation, can on ditch, be covered with mulch film, mulch film forms relative airtight space with the isolated material of bottom of trench, such cultivation method not only can play the effect of anti-continuous cropping, confined space can impel the interior soil temperature of ditch to be significantly higher than temperature, promote that plant grows fast, but also make soil obtain the self-cleaning ability of virus killing sterilization.This law can also promote lateral root and fibrous root to grow and improve the ability of tree bulk absorption nutrient, thereby improve the fruit quality by suppressing the growth of fruit tree taproot.
Cultivation method provided by the present invention is after being ready to kind of a plant hole, transad plant hole, can plant method for planting routinely, go into subsoil at cave Nei Pu, put into plant, cover root with soil, the fertilizer, the nutriment that need in the time of can bestowing sufficient any general planting in these soil give root enough nutrition.Because root area is limited, as can be known, the water and fertilizer utilization height, management is got up to drop into the labour and is obviously reduced, and helps growing of plant overground part.
Except solving plant continuous cropping harm, cultivation method provided by the invention can also be used to solving the transformation in poor and barren land, mountain region, saline land, utilize this cultivation method under the condition of water source and source of manure shortage, to realize high-yield cultivating, because the plant root growth scope is known, zone when executing liquid manure is only limited to kind of a plant hole district, by transforming kind of a plant hole regional soil, make it richly endowed gradually and utilize that the plant metabolism of acrial part is movable to drive peripheral lean soil, input liquid manure and manpower are significantly less than full wafer and transform poor and barren land.
Cultivation method provided by the invention, by efficient regulation and control to plant root growth and rhizosphere environment, the root system of plant is only grown and other soil of pollution that stay in controlled area throughout one's life, only need next batch of plantation plant on the free of contamination soil during change of crops aside, last one batch of cultivation point frees out, and has therefore reached the effect of interior among a small circle crop rotation and preventing damage of successive crop, required manpower and materials less investment, workable, non-environmental-pollution, and can safeguard the sustainable use ability of soil.Be fit to most of plants, using value especially arranged for the crop of crop rotation difficulties such as fruit tree.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: change of crop in rotation schematic diagram
Fig. 2: plant the plant hole profile
Wherein 1-kind plant hole, 2-isolated material (nonwoven), 3-plant root, 4-covers root soil, 5-cave exterior domain.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1: the anti-continuous crop test of fruit tree
Target: the damage of successive crop that prevents peach.
1, place: at China Agricultural University's science park
2, seeds, kind: big Kubo peach
3, implementation method
The traditional approach cultivation is adopted in the check plot.
The test region field planting method:
1) dig the kind plant hole 1 of one 105 centimeter length * 105 centimetre wide * 85 centimetre profundity, the soil that digs is up mixed compost and phosphate fertilizer, mixing becomes and covers root soil 4.
2) the no sill frame of putting into 100 centimeter length * 100 centimetre wide * 80 centimetre high standard in the hole is put into kind of plant hole 1, and the wooden frame volume is 800 liters.Spread the G2200BK nonwoven 2 that Japanese TORAY company produces, nonwoven 2 is close to wooden frame sidewall and bottom surface.
The root soil 4 that covers that 3) will mix is inserted shop fixtures in the nonwoven, puts into plant, earthing, and the outer periphery of wooden frame is filled out tight with soil,
4) wooden frame is extracted out,
When 5) changing crops, plant plant hole cave exterior domain 5 at preceding stubble and dig down one batch of kind plant hole, plant next batch plant.Step the same 1) to 4) step.
Owing to isolated material 2, the plant root 3 cave exterior domain 5 of can not going out to pollute is arranged, and plants enough plant root 3 normal developments in space of plant hole 1, see Fig. 2, therefore, tree vigo(u)r physically well develops, the fruit high yield and high quality.
The cultivation management main points
Pour water: water when seeing leaf withering; Irrigation quantity: plant per 10 liter capacities of plant hole and irritate 1 premium on currency
Fertilising: every tree is executed 30 kilograms of compost, divides and uses for three times.Late March executes 25%, and late June executes 45%, and early November executes 30%.Draw branch: do not prune as far as possible, come shaping by drawing branch.
The picking fruit data analysis:
1, the stubble fruit tree sugar content of fruit 11% before the test region, the back stubble fruit tree sugar content of fruit is more than 12%; Stubble 10.2% before the control zone, the sugar content of fruit of back stubble fruit tree drops to 8.5%,
2, anniversary management recruitment has only 60% of contrast, and labour intensity is become slightly by moderate;
3, the fruit tree of this cultivation method cultivation, the tree body becomes short and small, compact, and the labour intensity of gathering is also alleviated, and is become slightly by the moderate of traditional cultivation mode.
Conclusion: adopt the back stubble fruit tree of this cultivation method, the damage of successive crop phenomenon under the traditional cultivation mode does not take place, fruit quality has raising, and output does not have decline; Because kind of a plant hole is isolated, water-fertilizer conditioning is reasonable, makes fruit tree tree type short and small, the labour intensity that has reduced cultivation management and gathered.And the back stubble fruit tree of check plot, it is consistent to grow the symptom that causes with at present common damage of successive crop, and output reduces, a little less than tree vigo(u)r is grown, the decline of fruit quality.
Embodiment 2: the tomato cultivation test
Target: prevent damage of successive crop, improve the tomato sugar content, improve output.
1, place: at China Agricultural University's science park, in the greenhouse
2, seeds, kind: tomato (Garbo kind), seed is available from green east, Beijing agrotechnique research institute.
3, implementation method
Field planting method
1) in the greenhouse, digs centimetre wide * 30,20 meters long * 50 centimetre dark plantation ditch, the soil that digs is up mixed compost and phosphate fertilizer, mixing;
2) spreading the G2200BK nonwoven that Japanese TORAY company produces in ditch, will basset in four limits of nonwoven;
3) dig Liang Tiaogou in addition and be contrast, called after A ditch, the B ditch is planted identical tomato;
4) soil that will mix is inserted in the nonwoven, and 50 centimetres of spaced apart sowing caves plant tomato;
5) common agricultural mulching is spread on 3 ditch surfaces entirely.
When 6) changing crops, in the trench digging plantation of test ditch next door, step is with 1) to 5), be contrast still with A ditch and B ditch.
The cultivation management main points
Pour water: water when seeing leaf withering;
Irrigation quantity: plant per 10 liter capacities of plant hole and irritate 1 premium on currency
Other management is with the normal cultivation management of tomato.
Test data analyzer:
1, the tamato fruit sugar content about 8% of change of crops back test ditch plantation, the sugar content of fruit of contrast ditch is 7.2%; Test ditch plant whole body is grown normal, the output height.The contrast ditch after the stubble plant development a little less than, root disease is obvious.
2, because ditch depth has only 30 centimetres, behind the deposited mulch film, when sunny, 30 centimetres underground heat surpasses 40 degree, has played the effect of soil disinfection, has suppressed the germ generation effectively on the nonwoven of lower berth; And the temperature of control soil generally can not surpass 40 degree, and it is little many that disinfection effect is wanted;
3, compared with the control, the tomato seedling robust growth, output improves 20%.
Embodiment 3: the peach of hybrid transad plant hole cultivation
Step 1: dig kind of a plant hole
Dig the cubic type kind plant hole of one 105 centimeter length * 105 centimetre wide * 85 centimetre profundity, the soil that digs is up mixed compost and phosphate fertilizer, mixing
Step 2: insolated layer materials is gone in the shop
The soil that mixes is inserted in the good kind plant hole of isolation, put into plant, earthing.
Step 4: plant on this kind plant hole next door in the same manner during the change of crops.
The cultivation management main points
Pour water: water when seeing leaf withering;
Irrigation quantity: plant per 10 liter capacities of plant hole and irritate 1 premium on currency
Fertilising: every tree is executed 30 kilograms of compost, divides and uses for three times.Late March executes 25%, and late June executes 45%, and early November executes 30%.
Draw branch: do not prune as far as possible, come shaping by drawing branch.
Test result analysis
1, the stubble fruit tree sugar content of fruit 11% before the test region, the back stubble fruit tree sugar content of fruit 11.8%; Stubble 10% before the control zone, the sugar content of fruit of back stubble fruit tree drops to 8.4%, compares with embodiment 1, mixes the kind plant hole of isolating and does not have significant difference for anti-continuous cropping effect.
Claims (9)
1. the cultivation method of a preventing damage of successive crop comprises and digs kind of a plant hole, plants into two steps of plant, describedly spreads the isolated material that plant roots can be isolated from kind of the plant hole in the sidewall and the bottom of kind of plant hole before planting plant.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, described isolated material are stone sand, brick, tile, cement plate, micropore chemical fibre plate and nonwoven.
3. cultivation method according to claim 2, the isolated material that shop, described kind of plant hole bottom is gone into is stone sand, brick, tile, cement plate, micropore chemical fibre plate and or nonwoven.
4. cultivation method according to claim 2, described kind of plant hole sidewall spread into isolated material be cement plate, micropore chemical fibre plate and or nonwoven.
5. non-degradable nonwoven in cultivation method according to claim 2, described nonwoven refer to from plant planting to the change of crops time limit.
6. cultivation method according to claim 2, described nonwoven are the G2200BK nonwoven that Japanese TORAY company produces.
7. cultivation method according to claim 1, described kind of plant hole can be a hole or a plantation ditch.
8. cultivation method according to claim 7 is planted covering with plastic film behind the plant in the described plantation ditch.
9. cultivation method according to claim 1, described plant into plant refer to seed, breeding rhizome, seedling or the ripe transplanting plant of crops, horticultural crop.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102598969A (en) * | 2011-12-04 | 2012-07-25 | 万怡震 | Comprehensive method for overcoming fruit tree plant continuous cropping diseases |
| CN102612937A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-08-01 | 谢勇 | Method for controlling Angelica sinensis root-knot nematode by marigold interplanting |
| CN102612938A (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2012-08-01 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Chinese yam planting method for preventing reduction of continuous cropping yield |
| CN104255368A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2015-01-07 | 张亚鹏 | Method for overcoming continuous cropping and successive cropping obstacles of apple trees |
| CN104541810A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-29 | 郭菁菁 | Method for cultivating on land incapable of realizing planting |
| CN109983979A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-07-09 | 泓森林业有限公司 | A kind of method of Rocky Desertification Region plantation oil tea |
| CN113973680A (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2022-01-28 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for limiting root growth |
| CN114467654A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for continuously cultivating bananas in blight area |
| CN115644010A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-01-31 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for modifying field shrub type leisure sightseeing rose garden in north arid area |
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2009
- 2009-02-17 CN CNA2009100773032A patent/CN101473754A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102598969A (en) * | 2011-12-04 | 2012-07-25 | 万怡震 | Comprehensive method for overcoming fruit tree plant continuous cropping diseases |
| CN102612937A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-08-01 | 谢勇 | Method for controlling Angelica sinensis root-knot nematode by marigold interplanting |
| CN102612938A (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2012-08-01 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Chinese yam planting method for preventing reduction of continuous cropping yield |
| CN102612938B (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2013-04-24 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Chinese yam planting method for preventing yield reduction of continuous cropping yield |
| CN104541810A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-29 | 郭菁菁 | Method for cultivating on land incapable of realizing planting |
| CN104255368A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2015-01-07 | 张亚鹏 | Method for overcoming continuous cropping and successive cropping obstacles of apple trees |
| CN109983979A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-07-09 | 泓森林业有限公司 | A kind of method of Rocky Desertification Region plantation oil tea |
| CN113973680A (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2022-01-28 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for limiting root growth |
| CN114467654A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for continuously cultivating bananas in blight area |
| CN115644010A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-01-31 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for modifying field shrub type leisure sightseeing rose garden in north arid area |
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Open date: 20090708 |