CN104969706B

CN104969706B - The open fertilizing management method in Cold region apple garden

Info

Publication number: CN104969706B
Application number: CN201510471707.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马钧; 王天勇; 杨光柱; 黄文静; 郑丽萍
Original assignee: HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2015-08-05
Filing date: 2015-08-05
Publication date: 2017-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2035-08-05
Also published as: CN104969706A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural plantation technology field, specially a kind of open fertilizing management method in Cold region apple garden, it is characterised in that tree folds moisture in the soil；Dressing furrow is excavated in moisture in the soil face both sides, fertilizer, water, organic matter etc. is directly applied in ditch, without blinding；In the ranks plant short green manure or herbage.Fertilizing management method of the invention can be reduced washes away, and plays fertile storehouse, reservoir effect, improves soil oxygen content, improves soil environment, easily controllable, and guiding root system develops to depths, improves drought resisting, the features such as beneficial to Cold region apple.

Description

The open fertilizing management method in Cold region apple garden

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural plantation technology field, specially a kind of open fertilizing management side in Cold region apple garden Method.

Background technology

Cold region apple refers to biology, the means such as cultivation, to make that tree body is short and small, tree crown is compact, is easy to a kind of of dense planting to plant Culture method.The Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing of fruit tree has become the important trend of domestic and international production of fruit trees development.

At present, the conventional method of soil application has 3 kinds in Cold region apple garden：

1st, drip irrigation method：The method is by water-soluble after preferably chemical fertilizer is prepared by a certain percentage, direct by drip irrigation system Apply under fruit tree tree disk, absorbed by tree body.Advantage is that province's fertilizer is laborsaving, and fertilizer supplement is timely, utilization rate of fertilizer is high.Have the disadvantage Up-front investment is high, fertilizer it is water-soluble to get well, it is high to the competency profiling of administrative staff.Under the conditions of heavy soil, due to rich water diffusion Property it is poor, easily cause local Yan Plotization, to fruit tree produce injury.

2nd, broadcast application：The method be by the prior mixture of various fertilizer it is good after, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields set disk under, manually or machinery After gently turning over 10-20 centimetres.Advantage is easy to use, and organic and inorganic fertilizer is mixed, it is easy to activate topsoil.Have the disadvantage to apply Fertilizer is shallow, easily causes and moved on root system, and drought resistance of fruit trees weakens, and fertilizer is also easy to be lost in.

3rd, ditch buries method：The method is that different directions are manually or machinery digs ring-type zanjon in the case where disk is set, by the good fertilizer of mixture Material quantity on demand is applied in ditch, with table soil turn over it is even after blinding again.Advantage is that soil continuation improved effect is good, fertilizer nutrient Not easily run off.Have the disadvantage that recruitment, fertilizer application amount are big, fertilizer efficiency is slow.Amount of localized heat and have that organic fertilizer can be produced during after fermentation Poisonous gas, are difficult to distribute, and easily cause the injury of fruit tree root system.

There is certain drawback in the above method.

The content of the invention

Have that recruitment is more, intensity is high, utilization rate of fertilizer is low for current south China Cold region apple fertilizing management method Problem, the present invention proposes a kind of light simplified improved soil, increases the open fertilizing management method in Cold region apple garden of organic matter.

The open fertilizing management method in Cold region apple garden of the invention, it is characterised in that tree folds moisture in the soil；Excavate moisture in the soil face both sides Dressing furrow, fertilizer, water, organic matter etc. is directly applied in ditch, without blinding；In the ranks plant short green manure or herbage.

Described moisture in the soil face height about 20-25cm, width is slightly less than crown mapping away from, 50-80 centimetres of platform furrow width during field planting, Expand to 80-120 centimetres later；Dressing furrow furrow width 30-40cm, ditch depth 25-30cm, line space interval 4-5m；Inter-row green covering Afterwards, the forage after can cradling every time is directly placed into ditch.

The method is easy to be ditched with machinery, saves manpower, and primary ditching can be used 3 years, expand progressively outer with tree crown later Move, fertilizing time is not influenceed by weather and landform, improves effect of orchard management.

Without earthing after due to applying fertilizer every time, manpower is both saved, be also convenient for heat of the organic fertilizer during after fermentation Amount and the timely of poison gas are distributed, and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and the timely supply of nutrient.

After tree folds ridge trench digging, can not only improve the permeability of soil, improve the oxygen content of soil, be also convenient for rainwater Discharge, it is to avoid asphyxia injury of the summer excessive moisture to root system.

The open fertilizing management method in the Cold region apple garden is primarily adapted for use in the winter without severe cold, summer without heat, and dry and wet season is clearly demarcated, The more abundant subtropical zone of summer and autumn rainfall, such as seeds for being easy to dense planting management in temperate fruit tree producing region, apple, pears, grape, mandarin orange Tangerine etc..The regulation of fertilizer requirement and edaphic condition that fertilising quantity and species can refer to different fruit trees are carried out, and are not limited by this method.It is anti- The only propagation of external germ, insect, orchard must be being applied for external organic fertilizer after concentrating stack retting.

The open fertilizing management method in Cold region apple garden of the invention, possesses following advantage：

1）Reduction is washed away, and plays fertile storehouse, reservoir effect.After playing moisture in the soil trench digging, fertilizer is concentrated and applied in ditch, is stored up when anhydrous Exist in ditch.And be easy to store moisture in ditch, when there is water in ditch, fertilizer can effect timely enters fruit tree thoroughly with Shui Seepage Root system compact district, meets the development needs of fruit tree.

2）Soil oxygen content is improved, improves soil environment.Because moisture in the soil face is raised, fruit tree root mark soil is increased with air Knot contacting surface, and liquid manure is directly applied to the 30-40 centimeters that fruit tree root mark is enriched with the most, is transmitted from bottom to top by soil aperture, Fruit tree root system is avoided to be died because being choked to death the generation of phenomenon

3）Easily controllable, guiding root system develops to depths, drought resisting is improved, beneficial to Cold region apple.

4）Conveniently apply fertilizer, pour water.

5）Reduce labor intensity, facilitate mechanization.

6）Improve quality.After using this method, due to the improvement of soil environment, the raising of the soil organism, root system is to supporting The absorbability enhancing of part, leaf photosynthesis product self manufacturing capacity raising, dry-matter accumulation increases, and quality can be improved naturally.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1：The open fertilizing management method in Cold region apple garden of the invention, is applied in apple dwarf cultivation, tool Body is：

Kind：Loud, high-pitched sound, Soul it is red, long rich No. 12, stock：Blue or green anvil 2, JM7, planting density：1.5~2*4 meters, life in 5 years 3500-4000 kilograms of expected volume.

Behind smooth good ground, by 4 meters of line-spacing setting-out, the fertilizer that mixture has been become thoroughly decomposed（By every plant：20 kilograms+sheep of organic fertilizer 1 kilogram+composite fertilizer of excrement, 250 grams+urea, 50 grams of+500 grams of quick limes）Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on line, with pocket is wide, deep 60-80 Centimetre excavator direct motion dig after, smooth moisture in the soil face.

Seedling planting is carried out by 1.5-2.0 meters of spacing in the rows.After field planting depth is to play moisture in the soil earthing, anvil fringe joint portion is higher than platform furrow 5-10 centimetres is advisable.Nursery stock is thick at 1.0-1.5 centimetres from stem, have the health of 3-5 bars main root, more than 10 fibrous roots from root anvil or Intermediate stock nursery stock, will carry out medicine immersion treatment before field planting, in case nursery stock dehydration, carrying disease germs.

Connect after field planting and pour 3 root waters, small farm machine is can use after rudiment, long to 10 centimetres of young sprout is survived on both sides Moisture in the soil of having ditched earthing.Moisture in the soil face is wide 50-80 centimetres, high 20-25 centimetres.Both sides furrow width, depth are each 25-35 centimetres.When being such as colonized, do not press It is required that applying enough organic fertilizers, the fertilizer amount that will can be required supplementation with this moment is uniformly sprinkled into row between strain, then plays moisture in the soil with ditching machine Earthing.

After playing moisture in the soil, in time will prepartion of land in the ranks it is good, First Year May-August sowing soya bean（Beans stalk applies ditch after crushing It is interior）, September-April in next year sowing villose vetch（Directly soil is ploughed under with agricultural machinery and implement）, May in next year sowing English ryegrass, morning Ripe standing grain and Trifolium repense（Mixed seeding）, continuing to be cradled 2-3 times in summer for 3 years, the growing state after cradling according to grass is supplemented in right amount in time The chemical fertilizer such as urea, calcium magnesium phosphate.The forage of results can be directly sprinkled into ditch or be covered under tree disk.Repeat after 4 years.

The month in spring 2-4 increases frequency of irrigation 2-3 times, and summer notes alternately water drainage control water, harvests first 20 days with gardening ground cloth Covering moisture in the soil face control water, water conservation, improve nutrient storage property, and improving quality improves yield.

Spring combines and pours water and can directly apply in ditch urea.Impose 2 organic and inorganic compound fertilizers the season of summer and autumn two again, use Halving when amount is relatively colonized.Can be detected with reference to blade nutrient after into high yield period, it is determined that increase and decrease amount.

Other work such as pruning, pest and disease damage prevention and control are with reference to regulation enforcements.

The present embodiment is only the implementing method that the present invention is applied to apple dwarf cultivation, but this Cold region apple garden is open applies Fertile management method should not be limited only to single variety；If the crops such as pears, grape, oranges and tangerines employ the technology used in the present invention side Case, all should fall into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. the open fertilizing management method in Cold region apple garden, it is characterised in that tree folds moisture in the soil；Dressing furrow is excavated in moisture in the soil face both sides, by fertilizer Material, water, organic matter are directly applied in ditch, without blinding；In the ranks plant short green manure or herbage；Moisture in the soil face height 20-25cm, width Slightly less than crown mapping is away from later 50-80 centimetres of platform furrow width, expands to 80-120 centimetres during field planting；Dressing furrow furrow width 30- 40cm, ditch depth 25-30cm, line space interval 4-5m；After inter-row green covering, the forage after cradling every time is directly placed into ditch；Often Individual fruit tree is applied according to the ratio of 20 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 1 kilogram of sheep manure, 250 grams of composite fertilizer, 50 grams and 500 grams quick limes of urea Fertilizer.