CN108484296A - A kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer and its application - Google Patents

A kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer and its application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108484296A
CN108484296A CN201810615677.4A CN201810615677A CN108484296A CN 108484296 A CN108484296 A CN 108484296A CN 201810615677 A CN201810615677 A CN 201810615677A CN 108484296 A CN108484296 A CN 108484296A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
spray
apple
ring spot
composite fertilizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201810615677.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郝婕
李学营
索相敏
冯建忠
鄢新民
王献革
刘铁铮
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Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and ForestrySciences
Original Assignee
Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and ForestrySciences
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and ForestrySciences filed Critical Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and ForestrySciences
Priority to CN201810615677.4A priority Critical patent/CN108484296A/en
Publication of CN108484296A publication Critical patent/CN108484296A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00Fertilisers containing potassium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/02Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of apple tree ring spot control methods, including Tu Shi composite fertilizers and foliar spray composite fertilizer, and wherein Tu Shi composite fertilizers include potash fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate and organosilicon;Foliar spray composite fertilizer includes potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, organosilicon and water.By the end of June at the beginning of 7 months, cyclic annular ditch spread Tu Shi composite fertilizers;First arrival in July by the end of September, foliage-spray foliar spray composite fertilizer, selection cloudy day or fine day morning and at dusk spray.Present component is simple, at low cost, free from environmental pollution, do not use growth regulator and chemical agent, have the characteristics that it is safe, lasting, cheap, efficient, it is significant to actual production, food security, environmental protection.The method that disposable soil application combines multiple foliage-spray, realizes the lasting fertilizer of soil and the quick supplementary fertilizer on blade face, to adjust trunk infusion, enhances tree vigo(u)r, significantly reduces the incidence of ring rot of apple.

Description

A kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer and its application
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production Prevention Technique field more particularly to a kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer and its Using.
Background technology
Apple tree is the main cultivation fruit tree in China, and Apple Industry is one of the pillar industry of China's rural economy.It is being promoted Agricultural restructuring, increasing farmers' income etc. plays an important role.However, ring rot of apple is on the rise, become shadow Ring one of most important fruit disease of China's Apple Industry sound development.
Apple tree ring spot is the destructive disease of apple, is all generally occurred in each the major apple production area in the whole nation.Draw when sick light It plays limb bark and branch is withered, cause trunk bough and whole tree withered or even ruin garden when serious, cause heavy economic losses Even total crop failure total crop failure, seriously affects and restricts the sustainable development of China's apple production and industry, the prior art is difficult to effectively control It is made to occur and spread.So ring spot is referred to as apple tree " cancer ".
Existing ring rot of apple control method uses chemical antiseptic or growth regulator more, but chemical antiseptic is more It is to be carried out for one or more of fungies or bacterium, the No-harmful apple orchard of apple can be influenced, ecological effect is bad;Excessive use is given birth to Long conditioning agent can influence the hormonal balance of fruit tree entirety, easily cause deformed fruit and quality decline, and be single leaf Face sprays, and long-term fertilizer, regulation and control nutrition, the effect for enhancing resistance is not achieved.
Invention content
It is bad for apple tree ring spot control effect for the prior art, have the problem of harmful effect, this hair to fruit It is bright that a kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer is provided.
And the present invention also provides a kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer answering in preventing apple tree ring spot With.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the embodiment of the present invention uses following technical solution:
A kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer, including Tu Shi composite fertilizers and foliar spray composite fertilizer, wherein the soil is applied multiple Hefei includes the raw material of following parts by weight:20~40 parts of potash fertilizer, 2~5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2~5 parts of manganese sulfate and organosilicon 1~2 Part;The foliar spray composite fertilizer includes the component of following concentration expressed in percentage by weight:Potassium sulfate 1%~2%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%~1%, Manganese sulfate 0.5%~1%, organosilicon 0.25%~0.5%, surplus are water.
In composite fertilizer provided by the present invention, improved using mineral nutrition as growth and development of fruit tree, yield composition and quality Material base, physiological metabolism and quality responses to apple have extremely important regulating and controlling effect, wherein potassium can promote luminous energy It utilizes, enhances photosynthesis, promote photosynthate transport, fruit tree resistance also can be improved, promote the development of epidermis and vascular tissue, Reinforce cell retention ability, transpiration is reduced, to enhance drought-resistant ability;Potassium can also increase sugar deposit in fruit tree body, improve Premeabilisation of cells pressure enhances tree body cold performance.Magnesium sulfate can effectively supplement magnesium elements in apple tree, and prevention branches and leaves are withered to be become It is yellow.Manganese is the activator of many enzymes (such as dehydrogenase, decarboxylase, kinases, oxidizing ferment and peroxidase) in cell, make it is photosynthetic in Water-splitting is oxygen, can also prevent minus green between vein, reduces the generation of small necrosis point.Organosilicon has unique structure, has both The performance of inorganic material and organic material is resistant to be exposed in air for a long time, has outstanding thermal stability, superpower tackness Energy, ultralow volatility, chemical inertness, defoaming, microbial resistance have promotion and stablize holding formula fertilizer in the present invention Generate the effect of proper efficiency.
Potassium, magnesium, manganese, silicone content and its interaction have an impact significantly ring rot of apple incidence in apple, the present invention By using potassium, magnesium, manganese, the siliceous fertilizer of suitable proportion and type in Tu Shi composite fertilizers and foliar spray composite fertilizer, each mineral battalion is balanced Element is supported, makes to act synergistically between each fertilizer, remarkable result can be played to control ring spot incidence, and send out Growth status It educates, leaf nutrient, fruit development and quality responses etc. all have positive effect.Also, present component is simple, cost It is low, it is free from environmental pollution, do not use growth regulator and chemical agent, have the characteristics that it is safe, lasting, cheap, efficient, to reality Production, food security, environmental protection are significant.
Preferably, the potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, plant ash, Chicken dung.
Preferably, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.The absorption rate of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride is high, and effect is bright It is aobvious, it is become apparent with potassium sulfate performance.
Preferably, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.Element sulphur in potassium sulfate is multiple proteins and the component of enzyme, to apple The growth of tree can also play facilitation.
Preferably, potassium sulfate in the foliar spray composite fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, organosilicon weight percent be 4: 2: 2 ∶1.By numerous studies, we are had found by test data, and magnesium and manganese element universal all contents in the tree body that do not fall ill are high, The heavier magnesium of morbidity and manganese content are lower, therefore require supplementation with both elements;But if magnesium and manganese supplement excessive concentration, and can be to potassium member Element, which absorbs, antagonism, therefore should be limited in certain optimum range, just has synergistic function.
And the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer in preventing apple tree ring spot Application, application process is as follows:By the end of June at the beginning of 7 months, using the Tu Shi composite fertilizers, using apple tree tree crown upright projection Place opens the cyclic annular ditch spreads of 0.5m depth × 0.5m wide, and the disposable root system integrated distribution layer applied under tree crown simultaneously avoids directly connecing with root system It touches, applies rear earthing backfill watering, or apply after the rain;
First arrival in July by the end of September, foliar spray composite fertilizer described in foliage-spray, selection cloudy day or fine day morning and at dusk spray, It sprays interval 10~15 days, sprays 4~6 times, rain is met after spray to fill spray in time.
The method that disposable soil application combines multiple foliage-spray, realize soil lasting fertilizer and blade face it is quick Supplementary fertilizer enhances tree vigo(u)r, the incidence of ring rot of apple is significantly reduced, with single fertilizing method phase to adjust trunk infusion Than can reach better control effect.Spray in the morning and dusk of foliage-spray selection cloudy day or fine day, can avoid direct sunlight Shi Wendu is excessively high and causes fertilizer damage.The foliar spray composite fertilizer can also be diluted to after potassium sulfate concentration expressed in percentage by weight is 0.5~1.5% again It is sprayed, different spraying concentrations can reach different ring spot control effects.
Specifically, the amount of application of the Tu Shi composite fertilizers is to generate within 10 years 0.75~1.25 kilogram every plant of age apple tree, 5~ 9 years 0.45~0.75 kilogram every plant of green apple trees, 1~4 year 0.15~0.45 kilogram every plant of green apple tree.Sowing amount deficiency is then difficult To achieve the effect that effectively prevent ring spot, but as sowing amount is excessive, fruit physiology function can be made to be destroyed instead, influenced pair Other elements are absorbed and utilized.Apple tree application of potash fertilizer excessively then shows grass tetany, and the content of calcium also can opposite drop in tree body It is low.
Preferably, which further includes by the end of June to applying after the Tu Shi composite fertilizers foliage-spray again at the beginning of 7 months 0.3wt%~0.5wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphates or 0.2wt%~0.3wt% potassium amino acid solution, can receive preferable effect Fruit.
Preferably, which further includes:In seedling stage, florescence, fruiting period apply nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, cyclic annular ditch spread or spray, The amount of application of cyclic annular ditch spread is 0.5~0.75 kilogram/plant, a concentration of 0.2wt%~0.5wt% sprayed;In seedling stage, the florescence, Fruiting period applies compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, and bottom application, punching are applied or sprayed, and spraying concentration is 0.125wt%~0.167wt%.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, to this Invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is used only for explaining the present invention, not For limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer, including Tu Shi composite fertilizers and foliar spray composite fertilizer are present embodiments provided, Wherein, Tu Shi composite fertilizers include the raw material of following parts by weight:20 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of manganese sulfate and organosilicon 1 Part;Foliar spray composite fertilizer includes the component of following concentration expressed in percentage by weight:Potassium sulfate 1%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%, manganese sulfate 0.5% have Machine silicon 0.25%, surplus are water.
Embodiment 2
A kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer, including Tu Shi composite fertilizers and foliar spray composite fertilizer are present embodiments provided, Wherein, Tu Shi composite fertilizers include the raw material of following parts by weight:30 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of manganese sulfate and organosilicon 2 Part;Foliar spray composite fertilizer includes the component of following concentration expressed in percentage by weight:Potassium sulfate 1.4%, magnesium sulfate 0.7%, manganese sulfate 0.7%, Organosilicon 0.35%, surplus are water.
Embodiment 3
A kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer, including Tu Shi composite fertilizers and foliar spray composite fertilizer are present embodiments provided, Wherein, Tu Shi composite fertilizers include the raw material of following parts by weight:Plant ash and each 20 parts of Chicken dung, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate 5 parts and 2 parts of organosilicon;Foliar spray composite fertilizer includes the component of following concentration expressed in percentage by weight:Potassium sulfate 2%, magnesium sulfate 1%, sulfuric acid Manganese 1%, organosilicon 0.5%, surplus are water.
Embodiment 4
It present embodiments provides 1 gained apple tree ring spot of embodiment and prevents composite fertilizer in preventing apple tree ring spot Using concrete application method is as follows:
July 1,0.5m depth × 0.5m wide ring-types ditch spread Tu Shi composite fertilizers are opened at apple tree tree crown upright projection, one Secondary property applies the lower root system integrated distribution layer of hat, avoids being in direct contact with root system, applies rear earthing backfill watering, and dosage is to generate for 10 years 0.75~1.25 kilogram every plant of age apple tree, 5~9 years 0.45~0.75 kilogram every plant of green apple trees, green apple tree is every within 1~4 year 0.15~0.45 kilogram of strain.
July 10 to September 30 days, by foliar spray composite fertilizer to apple tree foliage-spray, continuously sprayed 4~6 times, it is adjacent twice Spray interval 10~15 days, the amount of spraying is covered with blade face with water mist and is advisable without dripping, the morning and dusk of selection cloudy day or fine day It sprays, avoids spraying when burning sun height shines, rain is met after spray and is filled spray in time.It is shown in Table 1 using the ring spot control effect of the method.
Table 1
It is applied and leaf by 1 result of table as it can be seen that preventing composite fertilizer with 1 gained apple tree ring spot of embodiment and carrying out soil to apple tree It applies, there is significant prevention apple tree ring spot effect.
Embodiment 5
It present embodiments provides 1 gained apple tree ring spot of embodiment and prevents composite fertilizer in preventing apple tree ring spot Using concrete application method is as follows:
July 3,0.5m depth × 0.5m wide ring-types ditch spread Tu Shi composite fertilizers are opened at apple tree tree crown upright projection, one Secondary property applies the lower root system integrated distribution layer of hat, avoids being in direct contact with root system,
Rear earthing backfill watering is applied, dosage is to generate 0.75~1.25 kilogram every plant of age apple tree, 5~9 years raw apples in 10 years 0.45~0.75 kilogram of every plant of fruit tree, 1~4 year 0.15~0.45 kilogram every plant of green apple tree.
June 30 to July 5, using foliage-spray 0.3wt%~0.5wt% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphates again after the Tu Shi composite fertilizers Hydrogen potassium solution or 0.2wt%~0.3wt% potassium amino acid solution.
July 5 to September 30 days, by foliar spray composite fertilizer to apple tree foliage-spray, continuously sprayed 4~6 times, it is adjacent twice Spray interval 10~15 days, the amount of spraying is covered with blade face with water mist and is advisable without dripping, the morning and dusk of selection cloudy day or fine day It sprays, avoids spraying when burning sun height shines, rain is met after spray and is filled spray in time.
In seedling stage, florescence, fruiting period apply nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, cyclic annular ditch spread or spray, and the amount of application of cyclic annular ditch spread is 0.5~ 0.75 kilogram/plant, a concentration of 0.2wt%~0.5wt% sprayed;
In seedling stage, florescence, fruiting period apply compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, and bottom application, punching are applied or sprayed, and spraying concentration is 0.125wt%~0.167wt%.
It is shown in Table 2 using the ring spot control effect of the method.
Table 2
It is applied and leaf by 2 result of table as it can be seen that preventing composite fertilizer with 1 gained apple tree ring spot of embodiment and carrying out soil to apple tree It applies, in conjunction with the use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium amino acid solution, nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, has significantly more anti- Control apple tree ring spot effect.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention Any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of apple tree ring spot prevents composite fertilizer, which is characterized in that including Tu Shi composite fertilizers and foliar spray composite fertilizer, wherein The Tu Shi composite fertilizers include the raw material of following parts by weight:20~40 parts of potash fertilizer, 2~5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2~5 parts of manganese sulfate and 1~2 part of organosilicon;The foliar spray composite fertilizer includes the component of following concentration expressed in percentage by weight:Potassium sulfate 1%~2%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%~1%, manganese sulfate 0.5%~1%, organosilicon 0.25%~0.5%, surplus are water.
2. apple tree ring spot according to claim 1 prevents composite fertilizer, which is characterized in that the potash fertilizer be potassium chloride, At least one of potassium sulfate, plant ash, Chicken dung.
3. apple tree ring spot according to claim 2 prevents composite fertilizer, which is characterized in that the potash fertilizer be potassium sulfate or Potassium chloride.
4. apple tree ring spot according to claim 3 prevents composite fertilizer, which is characterized in that the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5. apple tree ring spot according to claim 1 prevents composite fertilizer, which is characterized in that sulphur in the foliar spray composite fertilizer Sour potassium, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, organosilicon weight percent be 4: 2: 2: 1.
6. a kind of any one of Claims 1 to 5 apple tree ring spot prevents composite fertilizer in preventing apple tree ring spot Using.
7. application according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer is in prevention apple The application process set in ring spot is as follows:
By the end of June at the beginning of 7 months, using the Tu Shi composite fertilizers, using opening 0.5m depth × 0.5m at apple tree tree crown upright projection Wide ring-type ditch spread, the disposable root system integrated distribution layer applied under tree crown simultaneously avoid being in direct contact with root system, apply rear earthing backfill Watering, or apply after the rain;
First arrival in July by the end of September, foliar spray composite fertilizer described in foliage-spray, selection cloudy day or fine day morning and at dusk spray, spray Interval 10~15 days, sprays 4~6 times, and rain is met after spray to fill spray in time.
8. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the amount of application of the Tu Shi composite fertilizers is to generate age apple in 10 years 0.75~1.25 kilogram of every plant of fruit tree, 5~9 years 0.45~0.75 kilogram every plant of green apple trees, 1~4 year every plant of green apple tree 0.15~0.45 kilogram.
9. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that further include compound to being applied using the soil at the beginning of 7 months by the end of June Foliage-spray 0.3wt%~0.5wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphates or 0.2wt%~0.3wt% potassium amino acid solution again after fertilizer.
10. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer is in prevention apple Application process in fruit tree ring spot further includes:
In seedling stage, florescence, fruiting period apply nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, cyclic annular ditch spread or spray, and the amount of application of cyclic annular ditch spread is 0.5~0.75 thousand Gram/plant, a concentration of 0.2wt%~0.5wt% sprayed;
In seedling stage, the florescence, fruiting period apply compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, bottom application, punching apply or spray, spraying concentration be 0.125wt%~ 0.167wt%.
CN201810615677.4A 2018-06-14 2018-06-14 A kind of apple tree ring spot prevention composite fertilizer and its application Pending CN108484296A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110881295A (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-03-17 澄城硅绿农业科技服务有限公司 Apple tree fertilizing method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110881295A (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-03-17 澄城硅绿农业科技服务有限公司 Apple tree fertilizing method

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